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18th International Conference on Geoinformatics - Theoretical and Applied Aspects
- Conference date: May 13-16, 2019
- Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
- Published: 15 May 2019
121 - 140 of 142 results
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Estimation of the seasonal leaf area index in urban oak forests using Sentinel-2 time series data
Authors A. Kozlova, I. Piestova, L. Patrusheva, M. Lubsky, A. Nikulina and M. SvideniukSummaryThe purpose of the presented study is to investigate seasonal relationships between field-measured LAI and satellite-derived spectral vegetation index for oak communities on the example of the forest parks in Mykolaiv city. Furthermore, possibilities of quantitative mapping of vegetation amount in the investigated urban oak forests are explored. Data were collected during the vegetation period 2018 in a city park (in Mykolaiv, which is located in Ukraine's steppe. To cover the main stages of oak's seasonal development, LAI data were measured from the end of April until the end of October in 2018 at 21 installed sample plots. For estimating the LAI of the oak forest park six seasonal NDVI images obtained from Sentinel-2 time series data were used. It was foun that, the LAI-NDVI relationship is poor during periods of maximum LAI. Considering data obtained during the leaf production and leaf senescence periods for all years enables to achieve strong regressions, w hich character is non-linear. The LAI estimation for the study site is showing the good coefficient of determination (R2=0. 795), with RMSE=0. 196. The received regression relationship is could be proposed for LAI estimations and mapping of oak forest stands all over the region.
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Comparison of global gravity field databases for the territory of the Magadan region
Authors L. A. Muravyev and I. M. HasanovSummarySeveral global databases of gravitational field anomalies obtained by merging terrestrial, altimetry-derived, airborne and satellite gravity data are currently available to researchers. The maximum degree of spherical harmonics currently achieved for these models is 2190, which corresponds to a spatial resolution of 10 km and allows using this data for regional density modeling. The presence of several models, differing in the source data and methods of their processing, necessitates the choice of the desired model, applicable for the study of a particular region. Our efforts are aimed at comparing these models in the territory of the Magadan region, known for its significant gold potential.
The comparison of datasets showed that these global models could be used as initial data for constructing density models of the deep structure of the lithosphere. The free-air anomalies for the EGM2008 , GECO, EIGEN-6C4 and EGM2012 models in the selected territory practically coincide. The Bouguer anomalies of the EGM2012 model can be used as an alternative to land and aerial surveys, of no data available or to equalize their values for different surveys.
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Comparison of global databases of magnetic anomalies for the Magadan region
Authors L. A. Muravyev and I. M. HasanovSummaryWe performed a comparison of global databases of magnetic anomalies currently available online: EMAG2v3 and WDMAM2 on a fragment of the territory of the Magadan region in Far East of Russia. These data sets are compared with the results of aeromagnetic surveys and the GraviMag database. Global models of the anomalous magnetic field can be used as initial data for constructing magnetic models of the deep structure of the lithosphere on a regional scale. However, for more detailed work, it is preferable to rely on the data of aeromagnetic and ground surveys, the spatial resolution of which is much higher. Also, the data of global magnetic models can be used for leveling of the results of aeromagnetic surveys of different areas.
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Soil contamination specificities of elementary landscapes various types within urban areas
By A. BuninaSummaryThe behavior of some heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd) in soils within the Mariupol city was analyzed. Elementary landscapes various types with different migration conditions have peculiar trends in the field of removal and accumulation of substances were revealed. Such soil parameters as texture and pH play an important role in the transit and accumulation of heavy metals. Using this parameters let us more precisely established transit quality and barrier functions of elementary landscapes on the ways of secondary redistribution of heavy metals from the objects of their initial deposition.
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Time analysis of geodynamic displacements based on observations of GNSS stations as a factor in the development of landslide processes
Authors Ye. V. Matvii and I. V. ChepurnyiSummaryIn addition to geological, tectonic, geomorphological, geophysical, meteorological, hydrogeological factors, the development of landslide processes and their activation in space and time are also influenced by the modern vertical and horizontal movements of the earth's crust. They can be monitored according to GNSS stations, whose network is developing intensively in Ukraine. The time series of vertical and horizontal geodynamic displacements on the example of GNSS data of stations “Uzhhorod” and “Lviv”, located in different geodynamic conditions, are analyzed. Correlation analysis of the interconnection of time series of displacements by different vectors between the indicated stations is done. With the help of the apparatus of mathematical statistics - correlation and spectral analysis, periodic patterns were detected in the specified time series, in particular, the expected 12-month periodicity in the displacement of time series was found, wh i ch is obviously due to meteoclimatic factors. In order to determine the influence of meteoclimatic factors in the long run, a correlation analysis between meteoclimatic factors and vertical and horizontal displacements has been carried out
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Optimization of geological study's degree for iron ore deposits at mining exploration
Authors M. Kurylo, O. Plotnikov and V. StapaySummaryProbabilistic nature of geological information is usually not taken into account in the geological and economic assessment of deposits to the full. This is main reason of non-confirmation of the quantity and quality of ore reserves. As a result, it can lead to non-compliance with extraction and production plans, expected quality and composition of minerals; it worsens economic indicators of mining enterprises and lead to economic losses.
A theoretical analysis of economic losses of mining enterprises of Ukraine is carried out. It is reviewed losses which are realized as a result of errors in determining geological parameters of iron ore deposits. The optimal levels of geological information probability at the geological and economic estimation of balance reserve are determined. The principles of economically expedient degree of mining exploration for iron ore deposits are theoretically justified.
The economically optimal level of geological parameters prec ision should be determined separately for each deposit (even within the same genetic type) and be based on the main patterns of error of geological parameters and dependencies operational losses on geological information probability. The economically optimal level of geological information probability varies for each deposit within fairly wide limits and depends primarily on the complexity of the geological structure of the ore deposits.
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Nephrite and its natural stone imitations
More LessSummaryThe research focuses on studying the chemical composition and mineralogical features of nephrite imitations by means of XRF analysis.
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Comparison of seismic processing software (RadExPro, Promax)
Authors R. Petrokushyn, T. Szabó and D. BezrodnyiSummaryThe main steps of seismic data processing in different software are compared in this abstract, including: data input, geometry assignment, frequency analysis, velocity analysis and basic stacking procedure. The main aim of the abstract is to show the difference between RadExPro software (Radexpro company, Russia) and Promax software (Halliburton Landmark, USA).
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Comparison of Vertical Electric Sounding, resonance acoustic profiling and ground-penetrating radar survey informativeness for investigation of engineering geology conditions of metropolitan in Kyiv
Authors A. P. Chernov, A. V. Danilov and S. A. VyzhvaSummaryIn this paper, results of Vertical Electric Sounding (VES), resonance acoustic profiling (RAP) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey are represented. The aim of investigations was identification of the higher moisture areas in the rocks, zones of tectonic fracturing and other geological elements, which can influence on the exploitation process of underground constructions of the metropolitan. Geophysical survey was done along the underground railway between the stations Ipodrom and Teremki in Kyiv, Ukraine. All methods are informative for investigations of engineering conditions of the territory and supplement results of each other. Methods VES and RAP help to trace big structural components of the territory and zones of irrigation. GPR method is informative on shallow depth (up to 7 meters) but helps to trace layering more precisely and localize shallow areas of water saturation. On the results of RAP, along the tunnel between stations Ipodrom-Teremki, water saturated and water-bearing zones were identified. These zones influence on tunnel construction and exploitation of the objects. These three methods are informative for regular monitoring of existing objects and while construction.
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Statistical assessment of geological risks on the example of BIF deposits
Authors M. Kurylo and O. PlotnikovSummaryGeological risks express the probability of confirming quantity and quality of reserves during the further reserves exploitation. Most of Ukrainian BIF deposits are exploited so geological risks as a result affect the mining profitability. In domestic practice, statistical risk assessment is carried out in determining the complexity of the geological structure. Most of evaluation objects (BIF deposits within Kryvyi Rih region ) belong to 2 or 3 group of complexity. Geological parameters in such groups are characterized by variations above 40%.
The study object was one of BIF deposits within Kryvyi Rih region which is exploited for iron concentrate and pellets production. Statistical analysis of quality and quantity parameters was done for Fe common grade, Fe grade associated with magnetite, thickness of ore bodies, processing indicators (Fe grade in concentrate, Fe extracting level, output of iron concentrate and pellets). It was defined that largest values o f variation and associated risks are characteristic of Fe grade associated with magnetite and thickness of ore bodies with variation coefficient 0. 26 and more 0. 8 respectively. Processing indicators (especially Fe grade in concentrate, Fe extracting level) are relatively stable. The most sensitive indicator to changes in ore grade is output of iron concentrate and pellets.
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The new paradigm of earthquakes radon precursors
Authors V. A. Pyankov and A. L. RublevSummaryA new paradigm of earthquakes radon precursors and its consequences is proposed. An attempt has been made to overcome the paradoxical situation, when, with a half-life of radon Rn of 3. 82 days, precursors of earthquakes with a duration of several months are considered. It is proposed to consider the crust as a non-uniform permeable moisture saturated environment in which Rn is carried by a pore fluid.
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On the errors of spatial visualization of digital data in gravimetry
Authors Y. Dubovenko and O. ChornayaSummaryPurpose of thesis is to present some notes on guided interpolation for optimal digitization of maps. When visualizing the large volumes of geophysical data, the interpreter encounters the anomaly identification problem. The source of the ambiguity of the formal visualization of the data is its reduction onto a regular network. Large amounts of data, interpolated “by default”, give the unreliable distributions. The image of useful signal is distorted when the gravity field is poorly differentiated or has anomalies of a gully type. As a result, the array of interpolated data differs from the real data distribution. Further transformations of an array will distort the geological content of the data.
Approach proposed is to choose properly an interpolation technique and to adjust its parameters truly. A 3D surface with minimal distortion relative to the original map is obtained by kriging and modified Shepard's methods. But pairwise comparison of gridding techn iques on simulated gravity datasets, based on the minimum degree of deviation of the contour maps generated showed another output.
Results of the application of 12 interpolation techniques in Golden Software Surfer to the gravity data and their linear transformants are studied. The visualization of real gravity data with a gradient distribution of anomalies is ambiguous, especially for the noised data. Its quality depends on the data density, network geometry, the level of survey errors, and the nature of the anomalies. The image closest to the real field was obtained by the techniques of minimal curvature and radial basis function.
Practical value of the fine tuning of the interpolation procedure is proved. The data visualization should be carried out using guided interpolation, including the calculation of interpolation errors and derivatives of the gravity analytical model.
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To the question of the detailing of electrical field anomalies caused by current leakage from pipeline damage
Authors Ya.M. Globa, M.V. Reva and V.I. OnyshchukSummaryAs a result of the aging of the layer of protective insulation of buried pipelines, which occurs under the influence of external factors, in the protective layer may occur places where the insulation is broken so that there is a leak of electric current under the influence of the protective potential of the pipe. Such damages are recorded by measurements of the distribution of the pipe-to-soil electric potential (Ups) along the pipeline and the so-called “transverse and longitudinal gradients” of the electric field, which represent the difference of the potentials ΔUMN, measured by MN line with the size of 5–10 m, oriented across and along the pipeline route. A rather important task is to assess the degree and size of damage. Solving this problem is reduced to the solution of the inverse problem of electrometry for abnormal fields created by sources of different structures - point, linear or superficial. For this purpose, known methods of quantitative interpretation can be used, based on analytical relations for the differential characteristics of fields – the potential and its transverse and longitudinal gradients. For the application of these methods it is necessary that the actually measured characteristics differ little from their theoretical differential analogues.
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About conditions of applicability of point current leakage model for the interpretation of anomalous fields which were caused by linear damage of pipelines
Authors Ya.M. Globa, M.V. Reva, V.I. Onyshchuk and I.I. OnyshchukSummaryThe simplest type of insulation damage of buried pipelines is point damage. For its electric field there are relatively simple express-interpretation algorithms that allow determining both its depth h and the current leakage strength I. In practice, frequently occur other types of damage - linear and superficial nature, for anomalous fields of which the interpretation algorithms more complicated. At the same time, depending on the ratio of the sources depth and their sizes, there are possibility to apply simple express methods for the interpretation of their fields, which are peculiar to the point sources fields. In this paper were executed analysis of conditions for applying the point source field model to interpret the anomalous field caused by current leakage from linear damage.
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The processes of rocks hardening and its manifestation in magnetic and magnetoacoustic characteristics (Denezhkin Kamen massif)
Authors V. A. Pyankov and A. L. RublevSummaryThe results of the three-dimensional interpretation of profile curves of the magnetic fields are presented. The Denezhkin Kamen massif is represented by agglomerates of blocks with different magnetic characteristics (magnetic susceptibility, remanent magnetization, magnetoacoustic emission). They consist of three general blocks: dunite, pyroxenite and gabbro. We find the most acceptable solution by changing the parameters of the magnetic model. The most interesting results were obtained in the separation of the magnetic field of ultramafic massif Denezhkin Kamen (Polar Urals). For example, in the rock layers of variable inclination dunite block is selected, the magnetization direction of which changes from subhorizontal in the top to the vertical in the lower Earth's crust. Analysis of the spatial distribution of the magnetization vector of dunite suggests that the entire western block of rocks has been deformed in the evolution process from the horizontal to subve rtical occurrence. The dynamic model of hardening of rock massifs is presented. We have shown that as a result of deformation of the three-layer inhomogeneous model dislocations are developing, which lead to the hardening of rock and are manifested in anomalous magnetoacoustic emission.
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Application of methods and software-algorithmic means for simulation of geological objects constructed in the absence of a priori information
Authors I. P. Dolinskiy, A. A. Haharin and A. P. LobasovSummaryThe work is devoted to the problem of 2D-modelling under the conditions of wide spacing and irregular distribution of initial data. The prior information is also inaccessible. In this case the determination of additional points by the method of linear interpolation on the triangulated area is proposed.
The work is illustrated by modelling results obtained in the terms of this method.
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Computer and experimental modeling for creating wave technology for intensification of hydrocarbons production
Authors I. I. Denisyuk and A. P. GorovenkoSummaryWe consider the problem for determination of the velocity fields in pores in order to achieve effective acoustic load in porous layer. In solving the problem were used differential equations that describe the movement of laminar viscous fluid in the cylindrical pore channel. When the acoustic effect on the speed layer viscous fluid in the pore channels formation reaches the largest values in a frequency ange depending on the size of these channels. The pulsating motion of fluid in the pore channels ccompanied by compression waves, alternating dilution and seepage. In order to study the effect of acoustic waves on the filtration of viscous fluid, the stratum kernels have been developed and manufactured in experimental plant. The installation consist of: a gas ballon, a reducer, a resiver, a kernel holder with a fluid, a piezus and a kernel, precise scales for fixing the mass of the filtered liquid. In the pressure region up to 10 bar, the linear dependence of the mass of the filtered fluid on the pressure near the kernel, engine oil was used, the kernel was from the sandstone. Effective emitters can be loops and radiators Lanzhevena. The obtained results are of practical importance for the development of promising methods for intensifying the production of hydrocarbons by the action of acoustic waves of the formation.
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The mantle disruptions by P-waves velocity gradients analysis under East of Ukrainian Shield
Authors P. I. Pigulevskiy, L. A. Shumlianska, Yu. I. Dubovenko and V. K. SvystunSummaryA new approach for the mantle boundaries definition based on the successive velocity derivatives calculations is tested. New velocity gradients distributions were obtained for the two megablocks of the Ukrainian Shield, namely Middle-Dniper and Azov megablocks and its neighborhood. An analysis of the distribution of velocity gradients of P-waves within the upper mantle in the depth range of 50–650 km was made. It results in the identification of a series of additional gradient velocity boundaries. These boundaries lay within the framework of the three structural horizons of the upper mantle (under ~ 200– 300 km, ~ 410–500 km, and ~ 600–650 km). Meanwhile, it is untimely to draw any clear conclusions on their geological nature. We should do checking the stability and resolution of the approach before by the independent seismological methods, including the methods of reflected waves, whose resolution is independent of wavelengths.
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Irregularity of lithospheric stress as a result of plates structure
Authors D. B. Vengrovich and G. P. SheremetSummaryResearch of stress distribution in earth crust is one of actual problems of geophysics and geoinformatics. It is important for understanding of mechanisms of tectonic movements of Earth's plates and seismic manifestations of the release of such stresses in the form of earthquakes. In projects such as “World stress map”, maps are built, showing the orientation of maximum horizontal compressional stress. These ones are concentrated mainly in the collisions of oceanic and continental plates and have a very uneven distribution in amplitudes and directions. In view of traditional plate tectonics based on theory of continuous medium for the description of lithosphere deformation it is difficult to explain these irregularities. We suggest to give such explanations on the basis of views of the lithosphere as the structured environment. According to the modern concepts such structured plates can be described by a set of interacting blocks which compression causes localization of tension along chains of consistently located blocks in the direction of compression. Maximum tension in places of collision will be concentrated in the certain places (created by chains of tension in oceanic plate) . We modelled such scenarios of the collision in experiment with use of the photoelastic analysis and in numerical modeling by the finite-element method. Results qualitatively match and it confirms the hypothesis of specific interaction of plates of Earth's crust as block structured medium.
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Improved DEM algorithms for numerical modeling of geophysical processes in a block media
Authors V. V. Kulich, I. M. Hubar and K. V. DitkivskaSummaryAn important area of geoinformation researches is the creation a software packages for modeling different tasks of the dynamics natural media and technological processes. Recently, a new direction for numerical simulation of processes in structured media with the help of Discrete Element Method (DEM) is developing. Many packages are known and used in this direction: with open code - Yade, LAMMPS, LIGGGHTS and others; commercial packages – ITASCA(PFC3D, 3DEC), Rocky, EDEM and others. For example, new results were obtained in modeling by similar methods tectonic processes, halokinesis and seismic processes. We developed the computer program CuBluck for DEM modeling of three-dimensional processes in a block media consisting of cubes. Results on modeling of subduction by using the approach to the lithosphere as to a block medium were obtained. The behavior of the block environment under the influence of static and dynamic loads was investigated. Numerical modelling of shear processes in a granular medium was performed.
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