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18th International Conference on Geoinformatics - Theoretical and Applied Aspects
- Conference date: May 13-16, 2019
- Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
- Published: 15 May 2019
1 - 100 of 142 results
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Environmental security management of geosystems
Authors O. Trofymchuk, V. Okhariev and V. TrysnyukSummaryThe spatiotemporal methods for the regional environmental monitoring system are considered. The advantages of creating system of integrated environmental monitoring based on the synthesis of on-ground measurements and remote sensing data are presented. An example of remote sensing technologies using in of natural resource management is displayed.
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Modeling of filtration processes in vicinity of gas production well
By M.V. LubkovSummaryOn the base of combined finite element - difference method, we carried out computer modeling of filtration processes in vicinity of gas production well. According to obtained data analysis, the filtration process near gas production well mainly depends on gas permeability distribution, as close zone of well acting (Ra < 500 m) so remote zone acting (Ra > 500 m). At that, gas permeability distribution in remote zone of well acting more influences on filtration processes near gas producing well than gas permeability distribution in close zone. At the same time, other important filtration parameters: gas viscosity and porosity of gas reservoir little influence directly on filtration process intensity near gas production well. Another hand, they can influence on the intensity filtration process via direct acting on the gas permeability coefficient. If gas penetration in the reservoir boundaries is small enough, so for supporting quite high gas pressure in vicinit y of gas producing well it is necessary using of gas pumping wells.
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Modeling of oil filtration processes near production well
Authors M.V. Lubkov and O.O. ZacharchukSummaryOn the base of combined finite element -difference method, we carried out computer modeling of the oil filtration processes in the vicinity of oil production well. According to obtained results, intensity of filtration process near the acting oil production well mainly depend on oil phase permeability, as in close zone (Ra < 5m) so remote zone (Ra > 5m) of well action. At that, influence of oil permeability in remote zone more effective than influence in close zone of production well action. The oil viscosity and oil reservoir porosity parameters in close and remote zones of the well action have little direct effect on filtration process near the acting well. However, these parameters can influence on the filtration process via acting on the oil phase permeability. Analysis of the pumping well influence on the filtration process near oil production well in different practical cases shows that for stable supporting quite high pressure in vicinity of oil production well at the low oil phase permeability it is necessary using of pumping well.
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Studying the deep structure of kimberlite pipes by the results of remote sensing data frequency-resonance processing
Authors N. A. Yakymchuk, S. P. Levashov and I. N. KorchaginSummaryThe results of experimental application of the technology of remote sensing data (satellite images) frequency-resonance processing and interpretation with the aim of studying the internal structure of diamond-bearing kimberlite pipes are analyzed. The experiments were carried out at the locations of the well-known kimberlite pipes Udachnaya, Mir (Yakutia, Russia), Letseng-La-Terae (Kingdom of Lesotho), Diavik (Canada), and also in the area of the Klyuchevskaya volcano group in Kamchatka. By the vertical scanning of the cross-section in the central parts of the pipes the depths of the kimberlites roots and the intervals of anomalous responses (signals) at the resonant frequencies of diamonds fixation have been determined. Experimental studies have shown that: a) the frequency-resonance method of remote sensing data processing and interpreting can be used for operative reconnaissance surveys of large blocks and local areas in remote regions; b) the active use of mobile and direct-prospecting methods during the practical problems solving will help to speed up the exploration process for ore and combustible minerals.
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New evidence of amber endogenous genesis
Authors N. A. Yakymchuk, S. P. Levashov and I. N. KorchaginSummaryThe results of experimental studies using the technology of frequency-resonance processing of satellite images within the amber mining sites in the Kaliningrad (Russia) and Rovno (Ukraine) regions are analyzed. Within the surveyed areas, vertical channels of migration of fluids and mineral matter were found, the roots of which were recorded at a depth of 470 km. The presence of only sedimentary groups of rocks was established in the contours of the channels; responses from igneous and metamorphic rocks were not recorded. Vertical scanning signals at the resonant frequencies of amber were recorded from depths of 1–2 m to 57 km. Signals at the resonant frequencies of amber, oil, condensate, gas, and coal were also recorded from the surface. The results of experimental studies conducted on local sites for the extraction of amber can be considered as such, which testifies in favor of deep (abiogenic) synthesis of this mineral in the process of hydrogen degassing of the Earth. Direct search frequency-resonance method of processing satellite images can be used to search for amber.
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Geophysical researches for the hydrocarbon accumulations searching in Ukrainian marine Antarctic expedition of 2018
Authors N. A. Yakymchuk, I. N. Korchagin, V. G. Bakhmutov and V. D. SolovjevSummaryThe results of geophysical research in the Ukrainian Marine Antarctic Expedition of 2008 from the ship on the route Cape Town Port (South Africa) -Falkland Islands -King George Island, as well as on the polygon in the area of the Antarctic Peninsula are analyzed. The studies were conducted using mobile and direct-prospecting geophysical methods and were aimed at studying the deep structure of the oceanic lithosphere along the route of the vessel, detecting possible accumulations of hydrocarbons and other minerals. Modified methods of frequency-resonance processing and decoding of satellite images and photographs, vertical electric-resonance sounding (scanning) of the cross-section, as well as the method of measuring the intensity of the natural electric field of the Earth with fluxmeters, were further tested on the vessel. In the southern Atlantic and in the region of the Antarctic Peninsula, a significant number of sites that are promising for hydrocarbon exploration have been found. New evidence has been obtained in favor of deep (mineral) synthesis of hydrocarbons: a) the discovery of deep channels of the of fluids and mineral matter migration; b) fixing of anomalous responses at the resonant frequencies of the hydrocarbons exclusively within the contours of the channels and in their surroundings; c) the fixation of anomalous responses at the resonant frequencies of oil gas and condensate in the channels to a depth of 57 km. Below this boundary, the responses at the resonance frequencies of hydrogen and carbon are fixed (this is not above this limit). The tested mobile technology of frequency-resonance processing of remote sensing data (satellite images) and photographs is recommended for use on the territory of Ukraine for the purpose of a preliminary assessment of the oil and gas potential of poorly studied and unexplored search blocks and local areas. The use of this technology can have a significant effect when searching for industrial accumulations of hydrocarbons in unconventional reservoirs (including the areas of shale spreading, coal-bearing formations, and crystalline rocks). Mobile technology can also be successfully used during studies of poorly studied areas and blocks within known oil and gas fields, as well as for the operative detection and mapping of large concentrations of hydrogen in areas of intensive hydrogen degassing.
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Integral evaluation of the oil and gas prospect of search blocks and areas by the frequency-resonance method of satellite images processing
Authors N. A. Yakymchuk, S. P. Levashov and I. N. KorchaginSummaryThe results of testing the technology of integrated assessment of oil and gas potential prospects of exploration blocks and sites using modified methods of frequency-resonance processing of satellite images, as well as an improved method of vertical sounding (scanning) of the cross-section to determine the depth of the hydrocarbons and rocks are analyzed. Demonstration studies were carried out within a large area in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District (KhMAO, Western Siberia). Anomalous responses at the resonant frequencies of oil, gas condensate, gas, helium, carbon, hydrogen and amber (!) were recorded within the entire survey block, and the vertical channels were found, filled with (1) ultramafic rocks, (2) clastic sedimentary rocks (sandstones, clays etc.), (3) carbonate rocks (marls) and (4) salt. By a vertical scanning of the cross-section the estimates of the depths of the predicted anomalous polarized layers of oil type have been received. Additional studies were carried out at three sites within the survey block. The application of this mobile technology at the initial stages of prospecting work will allow seismic 3D surveys of enhanced detail to be carried out within mapped anomalies of the “hydrocarbon deposit” type. The use of technology to further assess the oil and gas potential of the structures, identified by seismic exploration, will provide the opportunity to optimize the location of exploratory wells. Purposeful use of technology in the search and exploration of hydrocarbon accumulations will allow speeding up and optimizing the overall geological exploration process for hydrocarbon resources.
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Depth structure of the area of Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes location according to the frequency-resonance processing of satellite images
Authors N. A. Yakymchuk, I. N. Korchagin and G. M. DrogitskayaSummaryThe results of experimental studies carried out using the technology of frequency-resonance processing and interpretation of Earth remote sensing data (satellite images) and photo images with the aim of studying the internal structure of volcanos are analyzed. The experiments were carried out at sites of the location of the famous Klyuchevskaya group of volcanic complexes. The results of the deep frequency-resonance sounding of the cross-section in the surveyed area show that the roots of the volcanoes existing here (channels of deep fluids and mineral matter migration) are located in the molten (liquid) rock layer, which is detected and fixed on the globe almost everywhere in the depth interval of 194–225 km, as well as at depths of 470 km and 723 km. Within the three surveyed areas, kimberlite pipes with diamond inclusions, as well as a channel of the mineral matter migration, were found. The materials of the research carried out in the area of the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes in Kamchatka can be considered as confirmation of the assumptions that volcanic structures can be a source of hydrogen. Operatively conducted experimental studies have shown that the frequency-resonance method of Earth remote sensing data processing and interpreting can be used to study the deep structure of the Earth's tectonic structures and to search for combustible and ore minerals.
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Features of the structure of some famous volcanic complexes in Italy
Authors N. A. Yakymchuk, S. P. Levashov and I. N. KorchaginSummaryThe results of experimental studies carried out using the technology of frequency-resonance processing and interpretation of remote sensing data (Earth remote sensing) (satellite images) and photographs with the aim of studying the internal structure of volcanic structures are analyzed. The experiments were carried out at the locations of well-known volcanic complexes Phlegrean Fields and Vesuvius, as well as the mud volcano in the reserve of Riserva Naturale Salse di Nirano in Italy. Additionally, the photos of the Tatja and Mendeleev volcanoes, located on the Kunashir island of the Kuril Ridge, as well as of the Taranani volcano in New Zealand, are processed by the frequency-resonance method. The results of the deep frequency-resonance sounding of the cross-section in the vents of active and old volcanoes show that the roots of almost all volcanoes end in a molten (liquid) layer of rocks, which is detected and fixed on the globe almost everywhere in the depth interval 194–225 km. Operatively conducted experimental studies showed that: a) the frequency-resonance method of remote sensing data processing and interpreting can be used when conducting a reconnaissance survey of large-sized and hard-to-reach areas within a short time; b) the use of mobile and direct-prospecting methods (including the frequency-resonance technology of satellite images processing) in the search and exploration of ore and combustible minerals will contribute to the acceleration and optimization of the exploration process in general.
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Application of technology of frequency-resonant processing of satellite images and photographs on area of hydrogen production and hydrogen degasation of the Earth
Authors N. A. Yakymchuk, S. P. Levashov and I. N. KorchaginSummaryThe results of experimental studies carried out with using the technology of frequency-resonance processing and interpretation of Earth remote sensing data (satellite images) and photographs in order to study the possibility of using it for hydrogen accumulations searching and locating are analyzed. The experiments were carried out at the site of hydrogen production in Mali, at the site of exploratory well drilling in the USA, and also at the sites of visible hydrogen degassing in various regions of the world. When processing an image of a hydrogen production site in Mali, signals were recorded at the resonant frequencies of hydrogen and deuterium. By scanning the cross-section near one of the wells, the responses at the hydrogen frequencies were recorded in the following depth intervals: 1) 25–245 m; 2) 635–750 m; 3) 950–970 m. The results of studies at the well drilling site in the United States allow us to conclude that there are no hydrogen accumulations in commercial volumes within it. However, this area is promising for the search for oil, gas and gas condensate. At the surveyed areas of visible hydrogen degassing in the USA, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, and Oman almost always recorded responses at the resonant frequencies of hydrogen and deuterium. Within these areas, vertical channels of deep fluids, mineral matter, and chemical elements migration were found. In many parts of the survey areas, responses were also recorded at the resonant frequencies of oil, gas and condensate. The results of experimental studies of a demonstration character allow us to state that the mobile technology of frequency-resonance processing and decoding of remote sensing data (satellite images) and photographs can be successfully used for the operative detection and mapping of possible accumulations (large) of hydrogen in areas (sites) of intensive hydrogen degassing.
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Enhancement factor in anisotropic media
Authors A. Stovas, Yu. Roganov and V. RoganovSummaryWe develop a new characteristic of anisotropic media that is defined by the ratio of differential solid angles for velocity vectors defined in phase and group domain. This characteristic helps to obtain the caustics and singularity points postions.
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Defining of 2-D surfaces of a combined hierarchical object located in the block layered geological medium using the data of active acoustic monitoring
Authors O. Hachay, A. Khachay and O. KhachaySummaryPurpose. Geological medium is an open system which is influenced by outer and inner factors that can lead it to an unstable state. That non stability is often occurred locally and these zones are named as dynamically active elements, which are indicators of potential catastrophic sources. These objects differ from the embedded geological medium by their structural forms, which are of hierarchical type.
Design/methodology/approach. We developed an algorithm for constructing the equation of theoretical inverse problem for 2-D linear polarized longitudinal elastic wave as a source of excitation of the N-layered elastic medium with combined hierarchic plastic, elastic and density inclusions located in the (ν−1), ν and (ν+1) elastic layers. An iteration process of solving the inverse problem for the case of certain configurations of 2D hierarchical inclusions of l, m, s ranks is elaborated using integral and differential equations.
Findings. When interpr eting the results of active wave monitoring it is need to use the data of such systems that are configured to study the hierarchical structure of the medium.
Practical value/implications. These results will be the base for constructing new systems of monitoring observations of dynamical geological objects.
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The 3D thermal effect of young erosion and deposition within the elevated part of the Mid-Norwegian continental margin
Authors Y.P. Maystrenko, L. Rise, D. Ottesen and O. OlesenSummaryA 3D model of the temperature distribution beneath the north-eastern part of the Mid-Norwegian continental margin (the Lofoten-Vesterålen area), one of the most pronounced elevated passive continental margins in the world, has been studied to quantify the thermal influence of high erosional and depositional rates mapped during the late Cenozoic. A lithosphere-scale 3D structural/density model of the Lofoten-Vesterålen area has been used as a structural skeleton for the sedimentary infill, crystalline crust and lithospheric mantle during a 3D thermal modelling. The modelled thermal effect of the late Cenozoic erosion within the Lofoten-Vesterålen area is highlighted by a positive thermal anomaly within the areas where sedimentary and crystalline rocks were significantly eroded. A negative thermal influence has been obtained in the areas where deposition of the eroded material occurred. The erosion-related, positive, thermal anomaly reaches up to +27 oC at depths of 17–22 km. Two deposition-related, negative thermal anomalies are characterized by minimal values of around −70 oC at 17–20 km depth and −48 oC at 12–14 km depth beneath the adjacent deep ocean basin and the subsided continental margin, respectively.
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Analysis of Spatial Variability of Soil Fertility in Precision Agriculture Technologies
Authors V.I. Zatserkovnyi, P.I. Trofymenko, N.V. Trofimenko and I.O. MakedonskaSummaryThe paper presents the results of the analysis of the technological components of precision agriculture, the efficiency of their use, the main current trends and prospects of development. Based on the data of scientific and scientific—technological researches from the leading specialists in the field of precision agriculture, as well as the results of their own developments, the advantages and level of effectiveness of its component components have been identified. It is established that the introduction of parallel driving systems, the introduction of mineral fertilizers and plant protection products can save up to 50% of material resources.
It has been shown that the distance forecasting of the grain yield and wheat straw yield of winter wheat and the construction of high resolution digitization charts on the basis of spectrozonal analysis of the Sentinel-2A image provided satisfactory results. In conditions of significant variability of soil cover, the ave rage error of approximation of grain yield was Āgrain = 14.5%, straw according to Āstraw = 15.3%. The determination coefficients for grain yield and straw were respectively 0.64 and 0.74.
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Analysis of 3D model creation approaches
Authors V.I. Zatserkovnyi, O.E. Senkevych, P.I. Trofymenko and N.V. TrofimenkoSummaryAnnotation. The following issues are considered – the topical issues of the modern land and urban cadaster, which are characterized by the presence of a large number of complex three-dimensional objects of real estate. These objects cannot be displayed in a two-dimensional registration system.
The development of a modern cadastral system with the use of three-dimensional modeling is analyzed. The possibilities of using geographic information systems for the creation of three-dimensional objects during a cadastre and real estate valuation are discussed.
Thanks to the use of a three-dimensional cadastre, it is possible to improve substantially the quality of accounting of such infrastructure elements as communication networks and pipelines and underpasses, as well as multi-level complexes, multi-apartment buildings and a number of other objects. The three-dimensional reflection of the terrain and objects located on it, significantly increases the possibili ties of cadastral accounting and mechanisms for ensuring property rights, planning, design and taxation.
A software analysis has been conducted that can be used to create three-dimensional cadastral models.
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Mapping supply and demand of provisioning ecosystem services in Lithuania
Authors P. Pereira, O. Menshov, K. Miksa and M. KalinauskasSummaryEcosystem services (ES) are defined as the direct and indirect goods provided by nature to people. For a correct assessment, land management and territory planning, mapping is a crucial exercise. Understand the spatial distribution of supply and demand dimensions is key to identify the areas where they mismatch and overlap and therefore measure the access of people to ES. The objective of this work is to map the supply and demand of provisioning ES in Lithuania and assess the trade-offs among them.
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Assessment Engineering Geological Zoning of Kalush City Using ERS Data for Urban Development
Authors O. Mykolaenko, P. Zhyrnov, Y. Sadoviy, O. Tomchenko and I. PidlisetskaSummaryThe methodology of assessment engineering geological zoning of Kalush city of Ivano-Frankivsk region with particularly complicated geodynamical and geoecological conditions was appended. Previously elaborated taxonomic system of territorial units provides the basis for engineering geological zoning. The allocation of large natural geomorphological districts detailing in slopes' steepness classification for construction development and districts, which completely presented by technogenic landforms was initially proposed for Kalush city. Each allocated district is divided on engineering geological sites due analytical assessment of geotechnical, hydrogeological, geodynamical conditions and ecological and engineering geological planning restrictions. Multi-temporal space images from 2005 to 2017 years with manifestation of different supergene geological processes were analyzed to better assess of geodynamical situation. Four categories of sites with different levels of suitability for construction were allocated, including useless city's sites for constructions, which require primary urgent reclamation measures on whose realization the ecological balance of geological environment of Kalush and the health of him inhabitants in future depends. The proposed method of assessment engineering geological zoning allows to provide credible and accurate information for the construction development direction's understanding and operational ecological decision making.
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Methods of remote sensing of the Earth in the study of the geomorphological state of the surface waters of the Desna River
Authors L.V. Plichko, V. I. Zatserkovnyi and M.D. BohoslavskyiSummaryThe article considers the possibility of using remote sensing methods to detect changes that occur in surface waters. Examples of the use of remote sensing methods for studying the geomorphological state of the quality of surface waters of the Desna River are given. Further, a combination of space and field observations was proposed to obtain information on seasonal and perennial changes in surface waters. Moreover, the use of remote sensing methods will allow predicting the state of water bodies and making effective management decisions.
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Application of the EasySeis software for construction of seismic images on the Dniper-Donetsk depression
Authors S. Vyzhva, I. Solovyov, V. Kruhlyk and G. LisnySummaryThe easySeis software was developed at the Department of Geophysics of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv with the support of Geounit Company. The program complex is intended for the construction of 3-D seismic images of heterogeneous anisotropic geological medium by direct transformation of seismograms of common sources. Computational schemes are based on a number of original technologies for imaging of anisotropic medium proposed by the scientists of the Department of Geophysics. The definition of a velocity models for migration involves the use of checkshots or a vertical seismic profiling data. With the help of these data, a volumetric distribution of vertical velocities in a geological medium is formed. Such a distribution allows us to obtain reliable positions of the waves of the images and the corresponding structural elements of the geological medium in depth. This makes it possible to directly obtain reliable seismic images in a depth scale w hich is the main mode of program operation. If necessary the option of depth to time conversion is used via distribution of the vertical velocities. The volumetric distribution of the migration velocities for anisotropic heterogeneous geological medium is determined by calculating of two-dimensional or three-dimensional velocity spectra using surface seismic data. The results of seismic images construction for the Khrestishchensky area on the territory of the Dniper-Donetsk depression are considered.
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Study of the dynamic of magnetic field and soil magnetism along the Malniv-Nemyriv-Uhniv transect
Authors R. Kuderavets, O. Menshov, V. Maksymchuk and I. ChobotokSummaryThe study of the dynamic of the magnetic field is an important tool for the identification of regional tectonics active zones and faults. The main task of the present study is to identify the dynamic changes of the magnetic field, the deep structure and the latest tectonics in the junction zone of the Carpathian Foredeep and the East-European Platform. The genetic relation of the magnetic field with the oil and gas fields at the Carpathian region is considered. The significant changes of the local magnetic field and the occurrence of the dynamic magnetic anomalies of ΔΔT with the amplitude from −1.1 to 3.4 nT per year were registered. These anomalies are related to the deep faults (Carpathian Foredeep Fault, Rava-Ruska Fault). The results of soil magnetic studies distinguished three patches: the Southern part of the Carpathian Foredeep with higher MS values, the Carpathian Foredeep and transition to the Rava-Ruska Zone through the Gorodok fault with high dispersi on of the MS, the Lviv Paleozoic Depression with minor MS differentiation and low values. The results of the magnetic mineralogical analysis confirmed the presence of the significant amount of paramagnetic minerals in soils.
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Properties of acoustic axes in triclinic media
Authors Yu. Roganov, A. Stovas and V. RoganovSummaryWe derive the relations that describe the position of acoustic axes in a triclinic medium and their dependencies between these relations. It is shown that the five relations are necessary and sufficient for the description of all acoustic axes in any fixed coordinate system. The theory is demonstrated by two examples of the triclinic and orthorhombic media.
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Radon-prone Areas: the Ukrainian Shield case study
Authors T. Dudar, V. Verkhovtsev, Yu. Tyshchenko, L. Kyselevych and O. BuglakSummaryThe approach towards “radon-prone areas” is emphasized according to the European Basic Safety Standards requirements. Central Ukrainian Uranium Province is considered from the point of uranium geology and mining and radon-prone area view, where surveys indicate that the percentage of houses expected to exceed national reference levels is higher than in other parts of the country. The maximum amount of radon is established in the geodynamically active zones in overlapping rocks associated with new tectonic anomalies in parent rocks. The most hazardous are areas where new tectonic activation zones and uranium ore manifestations are met relatively close to the surface
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Supercomputer Modelling of Thermal Stabilization Processes of Permafrost Soils
Authors E. N. Akimova, M. Yu. Filimonov, V. E. Misilov and N. A. VaganovaSummaryThe paper is devoted to modelling of seasonal changes in permafrost soil under the climatic conditions that affect the formation of thermal fields in the ground. A model and algorithm for simulation of seasonal cooling systems and the effect of thermal stabilization of the soil is described. The parallel algorithm was developed and implemented on multicore processor using OpenMP technology. The numerical experiments illustrating the effectiveness of preliminary thermal stabilization of the soil under the base of the engineering structure are presented. The speedup of parallel algorithm was studied.
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Modeling and Forecasting flooded areas by means of geoinformation technologies
Authors O. I. Shyshenko, V. I. Zatserkovnyi and L.V. PlichkoSummaryThe use of modern methods of spatial analysis based on geo-information technologies (GIT) makes it possible to solve problems of accumulation, storage, updating and analysis of any spatial and/or temporal information, including hydrological, hydrogeological and engineering-geological. Possessing the ability to process such information, modern GIS allow building predictive models, creating scenarios of possible situations for quick and scientifically based decision making.The scientific rationale of geoinformation modeling and flood development forecasting to mitigate their negative impact using GIT is presented. The possibilities are presented and the main directions of the use of geo-information modeling in forecasting and visualization of flooding areas are shown.The use of ArcGIS software in algorithms of geoprocessing models for solving problems of flood forecasting as a tool for quick and visual express analysis is described.
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Parallel Implementation of the Conjugate Gradient Method for Solving the Inverse Gravimetry Problem on GPU
Authors E. N. Akimova, V. E. Misilov and M. A. SultanovSummaryThe paper is devoted to development and implementation of efficient parallel algorithm based on the conjugate gradient method for solving the nonlinear inverse potential problem of finding a boundary surface in two-layer medium. The algorithm uses the approximation of the Jacobian matrix of the integral operator based on dropping out the lesser elements and utilizing the Toeplitz-block-Toeplitz structure of the matrix. The parallel algorithm was implemented for the graphics processor using CUDA technology. The numerical experiments was carried out. Investigation of efficiency and speedup of the parallel algorithm was performed.
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Evolution of the paleostructures of the Kaniv dislocation by the results of morphometric investigations
Authors L. Tustanovska, V. Shevchuk, V. Zatserkovnyi and Y. KrucheniukSummaryThe morphometric maps that allowed revealing the stage and parameters of morphogenesis have been constructed, and a detailed scheme of tectonic evolution of the Kaniv dislocations has been developed demonstrating the high efficiency of the attraction of structural morphometry to a complex of geological study and mapping of complex regions in tectonics. By comparing and specifying the obtained results with the data of field geological and geomorphological observations, geological-structural and lithologic-stratigraphic data, five stages of the morphogenesis of the Kanev dislocations, which reflect their tectonic evolution, are established. The analysis of the results of structural and morphometric studies allowed determining the nature of the correlation of the relief with the tectonics of the region, to reflect the interconnection of exogenous and endogenous factors that influenced its development, to recreate the paleogeographical situation and the mode of develop ment of clay diapirism. Adapted the method of structurally-morphometric analysis to the GIS environment using spatial analysis and modeling, which allowed obtaining adequate models of various genetic surfaces of the paleo- and modern relief.
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Wind power stations construction at the mountain ecosystem – risk assessment and monitoring techniques
Authors O. Shevchenko and O. MenshovSummaryThe wind power stations are an important part of the green energy development. The aim of the present study is to investigate the nature and levels of the impact of wind power stations on the elements of the environment. As a testing site we selected the ridge of valley Borzhava in the Transcarpathia of Ukraine. There is under the negotiation the construction of 47 fifty-meter wind turbines with a capacity of 3–4 MW along. For the risk monitoring we attract geophysical and petrophysical measurements, geostatistical and geospatial analyses, remote sensing methods, and soil magnetism data. As a result we expect the determination of the electromagnetic fields, physical vibration and mechanical impact, including the effect of the sewage drainage facilities, acoustic waves, soil pollution and erosion, soil destruction, loss of the productive agricultural lands
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Gravitational monitoring substantiation by imitation modelling methods
Authors A.I. Tsiupiak, S.G. Anikeyev and B.B. HablovskyiSummaryThe methodology of gravitational monitoring imitation modelling is presented. The methodology of modelling makes it possible to determine the reflection character and intensity in the gravitational anomalies of spatial-temporal local changes in the densities structure distribution in the geological section and, conversely, to explore restore these changes, even small in size, from data about gravitational spatial-temporal local anomalies. The method of imitation modelling is a tool for assessing the ability high accuracy gravitational monitoring solve complex tasks of prognosis of post-tech and natural ecologically dangerous processes such as karst formation, a rock massif integrity destruction or control over mineral deposits exploitation.
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Application of the geographic information system technologies in the geosystem planning process
Authors M. M. Prykhodko, V. V. Romaniuk, D. V. Kukhtar, I. L. Bodnaruk and N. L. KhmilSummaryThe necessity to preserve and restore the natural environment, to ensure the ecological security of geographical formations are the priority conditions for implementation of the dominant social paradigm – development in harmony with nature. The unit of management, planning and design of environmentally safe geographic formations is the river basin. During the process of planning and designing of the environmentally safe basin geosystems, it is necessary to take into account the criteria for the optimal relationship between geosystems, the formation of the mosaic structure of the day surface, and the restoration of biotic and landscape diversity. The application of GIS-technologies enables performing faster and more efficiently: 1) analysis of the structure of the basin and the conditions of its operation; 2) the design of optimal ratios of the geosystems within the basin; 3) the design of a crop rotation system; 4) the design of the necessary ameliorative element s, a network of roads and other infrastructure components, and etc.
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GIS technologies for integrating cartographic materials into a single coordinate system
Authors O. Rodzinska, I. Perovych, L. Perovych and O. LudchakSummaryThe problem of using cartographic materials of various thematic directions, executed on different scales and coordinate systems, is extremely relevant, since, on the one hand, it allows to trace the dynamics of the phenomena and processes, and, on the other, to make substantiated decisions regarding the sustainable development of territories. The purpose of this study is to present the developed technology of integration of cartographic materials made in different epochs and in different coordinate systems into a single frame of reference. Research methods - systematic spatial analysis of cartographic materials, the possibility of using ArcGIS software and remote sensing data. The scientific novelty consists in developing a technological model of integrating cartographic materials into a single system. Practical realization of a theoretical research is carried out in a separate settlement during a process of land valuation works.
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Modeling of ore-magmatic system Sukumaland (Tanzania)
Authors V. Mykhailov and O. AndreevaSummaryBased on the interpretation of space imagery, in the western part of the metallogenic province of Lake Victoria in Tanzania the Sukumaland ore-magmatic system of concentric-zonal structure has been distinguished. It is formed by a group of arched greenstone belts (GSB) and associated gold deposits. They form two arc-like branches: the internal and external branch, differing in their composition and structure. The internal arc is represented by the Rwamagaza and Kahama GSB with gold deposits of Tulawaka, Buckreef, Mawe-Meru, Tembo, Bulyanhulu. The external arc is represented by Geita and Mabale-Buhungurica GSB with gold deposits of Ridge-8, Nyankanga, Geita, Matandani, Kukuluma, Nyanzaga, Kitongo, Golden Ridge. Their huge gold potential (over 50 million ounces of gold) stipulates for the urgency of the study of this gigantic structure. The most interest is the kernelpart of the ore-magmatic system, where occurrences of volcanism and gold or other mineral deposits ha ven’t been indicated yet, but a tectonic pattern of its structural elements indicates its significant ore potential. It is assumed that the ore-magmatic system has originated and evolved as result of a complex multi-stage ore-magmatic process under the influence of upward flows of deep fluids due to the long-term functioning of a zone with anomalously heated mantle in that area. During further geological explorations it is recommended to take into account the predicted availability of a common integrated sustained ore-magmatic system and their structural features.
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Development of the tool to construct trend diagrams of shifted atomic ratios intended for chemical classification of metasomatic rocks
Authors A.V. Andreyev and V.A. SinitsynSummaryMethodology is presented and diagrams as a tool were at first proposed to perform classification of metasomatites based on chemical characteristics. The publication contains the definitions of classification categories (object, subject and criteria) for metasomatic rocks. The technique of plotting is described and application examples of the diagrams are presented. Besides that, the requirements to initial data and limitations of usage for the proposed diagrams are pointed.
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Microtopography of the zircon crystal faces as essential component in modeling of the mineral formation process
More LessSummaryThe results of the microtopography study of the zircon crystals surface from different geosystems are presented.
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Geoinformation Support of Increase of Efficiency of Soil Cleaning from Petroleum Pollution
Authors O.K. Tiapkin, A.L. Lozovyi, A.O. Burlakova and P.H. PihulevskyiSummaryThe paper discuss geophysical possibilities of increase of geoinformation support monitoring the petroleum contamination inside and nearby of large working industrial enterprises for effective clearing of soil and ground waters. It's CLEANSOIL – new very simple and cost-efficient modern technology to enable in-situ treatment of ecologically dangerous hydrocarbons in soil, especially targeted for large polluted areas of working industrial enterprises with minimum site (and technological process) disturbance. The monitoring with detailed 3D modeling of the polluted sites is necessary for effective application of CLEANSOIL. It is possible at use of the modern technology of electro-tomography, which essentially raises accuracy and speed of geophysical possibilities of monitoring of soil and ground water pollution both in horizontal and in vertical directions. If only classical vertical electrical sounding is possible (because of conditions of the working industrial enterprise) the author's algorithm of recalculation of the data for electro-tomography is offered
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Geoinformation support of effective water resources management of coal mining regions of south eastern Ukraine
Authors V. G. Andrieiev, L. B. Anisimova, A. O. Burlakova, O. K. Tiapkin and Yu. S. KravtsovSummaryOne of the main priorities of Ukrainian national ecological strategy is establishment of integrative water resources management in old industrial regions (and first of all in coal mining regions – 26 % territory of Ukraine, where the biggest consumers of water are located) for their preservation and reproduction. The problem has increased in South Eastern Ukraine since 2014, because of military operations in main territory of the Donbas and corresponding great increase in coal production in Western Donbas. The most pressing environmental problems in natural waters of Western Donbas are pollution of rivers with insufficiently purified industrial effluent (~14 millions m3 / per year of highly mineralized mine waters – up to 7 g/dm3) and, as a result, a decrease in the ability of aquatic ecosystems to self-purify and self-repair. Some options for the use and minimization of negative impact of mine waters on natural water bodies (incl. removal of the waters beyond the boundaries of Western Donbas to river Dnipro, saline lake Sivash, Black Sea and Azov Sea) were estimated with integrated databases. The advantages and disadvantages of these options are revealed. Only complex use of these schemes is necessary for effective integrative water resources management of south eastern Ukraine
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Optimization of method for gas-dynamic research of wells
Authors A.O. Trubenko and N.V. DubeiSummaryThe rational system of development gas fields and the operation of underground gas storage facilities are directly dependent on the amount of information received from each well, i. e. the degree of study productive formation. The most important sources of information about the gas layer and the wells of gas field are the gas-dynamic methods research of wells. The research results are processed by binary equation of gas flow to the well bottom. The coefficients of filtration resistance determined in the research process are used in the future to calculate the technological operating conditions of well and gas-dynamic calculations of options for development gas deposits or cyclic operation in UGS. Studies are conducted at four or six steady state modes. However, carrying out such complex of studies for operating gas fields and UGS with the number of wells 100–300 or more due to certain difficulties. First, they require a high cost of working time and a partial declin e in productivity of deposit or UGS; and secondly, the reliability of determination research parameters is often low due to incomplete stabilization of well operation mode. The article proposes an accelerated method of research for gas wells in steady-state regimes using the power formula of gas flow to the well bottom. The application of this method to gas deposits and underground gas storage facilities of Precarpathian has made it possible to significantly accelerate the research process in wells without substantial reducing the reliability of their results.
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Remote monitoring of winter crops' development using the satellite data
Authors P.I. Trofymenko, N.V. Trofimenko, S.I. Veremeenko and O.A. FurmanetsSummaryThe article presents the results of research of the using of satellite images of Sentinel 2A to monitor the development and assessment of the condition of winter wheat and winter rape on sod-podzolic soils under the conditions of Ukraine's Western Polissya. For these purposes, channels with a range of 0. 4 - 2. 5 μm were informative, on the basis of which the vegetative indices NDVI and RNDVI were calculated. It was shown, that the data obtained from the photos of the main stages of the organogenesis during the autumn-winter period of the studied cultures can determine: the area of damaged crops, habitats with different levels of mineral nutrition of plants, doses for nitrogen fertilization and the predicted levels of yield. It was established that the average value of the NDVI index (0.47–0.52), which corresponds to the average value of nitrogen fertilizers, is the starting value for the calculation of the nitrogen fertilizer dose for the winter whea t test fields.
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Evaluation of the Kalush mineral complex dangerous influence on the groundwater and the Dnister river basin pollution
Authors U.O. Dzoba, S.M. Bagriy and E.D. KuzmenkoSummaryThe paper examines underground and surface waters pollution problem at the Kalush Mining Complex in the Carpathian region territory. The aquifer salinity estimation using the geophysical methods is carried out. The regional direction components of the groundwater movement, the mineralization propagation and the hydrogeological connection of the aquifer with the river basin degree are established. Rivers Limnytsia and Dnister pollution risk estimation on the basis of the quantitative characteristics of the main sources of pollution (tailing ponds, accumulating reservoirs, saline removal and quarry) is given.
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The causes of the negative results of drilling wells in the cretaceous deposits of the outer zone of the Pre-Carpathian foredeep
Authors A. P. Boiko, I. R. Mykhailiv and M. O. KarpenkoSummaryDespite the fact that in the outer zone of the Pre-Carpathian foredeep, are drilled a significant number of wells in the Mesozoic sediments (including Cretaceous sediments), today there are revealed a small number of fields. In this article we describe the causes of lack of inflow of oil (negative results of drilling) in the Cretaceous sediments.
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The application of the PRMS-SPE standard to geo reserves of oil and gas in Ukraine
Authors I. R. Mykhailiv and M. O. KarpenkoSummaryThe PRMS-SPE is one of the leading international systems for the assessment of hydrocarbon reserves and resources, according to which their categories and classes are distinguished by the degree of study of deposits (reliability), the expected economic effect of their development and the state of existing wells. The calculation of hydrocarbon reserves of the gas field according to the PRMS-SPE criteria has been performed and a comparison of the results with the requirements of the Classification of Mineral Reserves and Resources of the State Subsoil Fund has been performed. It is established that the calculated volumes of hydrocarbons are to a certain extent comparable in size, but are redistributed among themselves by different groups and categories, and reserves/resource reporting for these two standards is fundamentally different, as determined by the differences in approaches to categorization and establishing the boundaries for which the inventory is calculate d.
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Morphology and peculiarities of formation of coal seams of the lower part of the coal formation of the Lviv-Volyn Basin
Authors M. M Matrofailo and M. D. KorolSummaryThe paper states the results of studies of the formation and morphological features, decomposition in particular, of the Visean υ03 and Serpukhovian υ6 coal seams of the deep horizons of the Lviv-Volyn Coal Basin. It was detected that accumulation of initial organic matter of the seam υ03 at the Kovel coal-bearing area was dependent on inherited tectonic valley-like lowering of latitudinal stretching. A new type of the peat accumulation characteristic of platform Carboniferous coal-bearing formations located directly on erosional surface of the Pre-Carboniferous formations of different age was established for the basin for the first time. It appears that the coal seam υ6 was formed within the limits of subaerial deltaic plain where the most favourable conditions for accumulation of peat bogs existed in the mouth parts of the delta located on the intermouth spaces among and under the influence of great paleohydrographical systems. The delta-type peat accumulatio n was determined for that seam for the first time.
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The regional thermobaric trap for mantle hydrocarbons in the crystalline crust of the Ukrainian NW Black Sea sector
Authors V. Korchin and O. RusakovSummaryThe deep seismic sounding studies on the northwestern Black Sea shelf have delineated 2 low-velocity zones (LVZs) in the crystalline crust at depths of 6–16 km. For the first time, a novel thermobaric mechanism is developed for their formation in this area. The LVZs are mainly associated with the thermal decompaction of rocks that is not compensated by geostatic pressure. The rocks of such zones are characterized by an increase in fracturing and porosity and decrease in density, elastic parameters and thermal conductivity. As the rocks are permeable and hygroscopic they are able to more freely pass, absorb and localize deep hydrocarbon-bearing fluids which, in turn, further destroy the integrity of the crystalline crust. The occurrence of hydrocarbons within the LVZs is corroborated by the occurrence of about 3000 active gas seeps and 8 gas and gas condensate fields in this area. The LVZs are first revealed to be spatially and genetically related to a mantle degass ing tube with which hydrocarbon fields are associated. They can be recommended as perspective target for the prospect and exploration of commercial hydrocarbon accumulations. This substantially allows us to expand the hydrocarbon budget of the NW shelf in using modern sophisticated drilling technology.
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Gas pipeline surface subsidence dynamics within Kalush-Golyn salt deposit
Authors U. O. Dzoba, K. O. Burak, E. D. Kuzmenko, S. M. Bagriy, V. V. Kostiv and M. Y. HrynishakSummaryThe territory subsidence problem within the worked out mine field Khotin Kalush-Golyn potassium salt deposit is given in the paper. Methods of research -high-precision geodetic leveling and radar interferometry. According to the geodetic observations interpretation results a predicted subsidence trough was obtained. The presence of a subsidence fading stage of a spent mining mass within the Khotin mine, where the gas pipeline is located, has been confirmed. An estimation of longitudinal stresses from the main gas pipeline bending has been carried out by analyzing the spatial curvature radii.
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Method of seismic events hypocenters relocation for central Ukraine
More LessSummaryThe technique of seismic events hypocenters relocation for central Ukraine (particularly for the Middle Southern Bug subregion (so called Pobuzhzhya)) based on the calculated local seismological travel-time tables is presented. For this on the results of the analysis of lithosphere velocity structure of studied subregion, including on the regional DSS sections, a “balanced” averaged horizontally-layered velocity model of the upper lithosphere (the crust and upper mantle – depth 0–60 km) was built. On the basis of this model, a “family” of calculated local seismological travel-time tables (called by us Pobuzhskyy (Pb″)) of the first arrivals of seismic waves for different depths of foci was built. In this case, the “fastest” wave propagation rays for different depths of foci and epicentral distances of up to 500 km as well as corrections for the Earth's sphericity were determined and taken into account. The calculated travel-time tables are used for the refinemen of hypocenter of local seismic events (earthquakes, explosions in quarries and mines, etc.). The efficiency of the constructed travel-time tables is estimated in comparison with the Jeffreys “standard” averaged local travel-time tables used to date for this subregion.
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Metadata of the geophysical data sources in the Czech Republic: Case study in the IGN
Authors Z. Kaláb, D. Čápová, O. Moravcová and L. KondrováSummaryGeophysical data are used in many sectors of human activity but so far have only been discoverable and accessible in a limited way within the frame of international scientific networks. By approving the INSPIRE directive (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe), the EU member states have committed themselves to provide access to digital geoscientific spatial data with a unified metadata description (see http://inspire. ec. europa. eu/). Therefore, an individual topic has been set up within the CzechGeo/EPOS project to enable the provision of geophysical data in the Czech Republic.
In the first phase, an inventory of the geophysical data resources maintained by eight institutions of the CzechGeo consortium has been created. All types of data and information were taken into account: structured and unstructured digital data, paper documents, primary documentation. The relevant data resources were subsequently described by structured metadata (according to the INSPIRE requirements) which is accessible through the Czech National INSPIRE Geoportal (https://geoportal. gov. cz/) . Each metadata record contains basic information about the data as well as information about possible ways of accessing this data.
In this way, geophysical data are more visible, reusable across institutions and, at the same time, under control of their provider in terms of licensing and updates.
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Mapping of landscape roughness in Carpathian region
Authors A. E. Khil, Yu. I. Velikodsky, V. I. Zatserkovnyi and V. A. YaroshynskyiSummaryThe work is devoted to the quantitative calculation of surface roughness on the basis of SRTM digital elevation models (DEMs) using Python programming language. We used three methods for calculating the surface roughness: standard deviation of elevation, median differential slope and standard deviation of differential slope. We compare the effectiveness of the last two methods for baselines 2 and 8 pixels, the distance between the points 60 and 240 m, respectively. The results of the research are maps of roughness of the Earth's surface on different scales.
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Geometric deformation of the Earth's lithosphere figure and its dynamic interpretation
Authors O. M. Shylo, Ye. O. Shylo, A. L. Tserklevych and I. M. BubniakSUMMARYThe planetary dynamics of secular changes of the Earth's shape that is determined on the base of approximation of the lithosphere surface heights that are changing during geological epochs by biaxial and triaxial ellipsoids are investigate in the dissertation. The computer modeling of lithosphere surface heights (DEMs) for different geological epochs was made on the basis of two geopaleoreconstructions models. The performed investigations of the Earth's lithosphere figure reorientation as a result of dynamic mass redistribution allow revealing certain regularities of structure-forming processes.
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Black sea level change monitoring using altimetry data and geo-information technologies
Authors V. I. Zatserkovnny, Y. V. Babych, V. Yu. Belenok, G. A. Frolov and L. V. Hebryn-BaydiSUMMARYThe article examines the experience and possibilities of using Earth remote sensing and Geo-information Technologies (GIT) for the study of the change in the average level of the Black Sea in order to study the general tendencies of sea level elevation and the possibility of preventing the negative effects of the local increase in the level of the sea surface in the future. The methods of information processing used in the analysis of satellite altimetry data using GIT are formulated. Black Sea surface level anomalies is examined in merged all satellite altimetry missions data from 2008 to 2018.
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Porosity structure prediction from conventional sonic well logs on the base of synthetic samples computed by Prodaivoda-Maslov's method
More LessSUMMARYThe paper aims demonstration of the ML applicability to the problem of rock porosity structure studying by the combination of sonic and density well logs. The experimentally estimated efficiency of popular ML methods for the problem is discussed. In the test we used artificial samples of randomly generated structure with the well log parameters computed by Prodaivoda-Maslov's method of the direct problem solving.
Among the many known algorithms of ML, we selected for the study several ones which are popular and supported by standard Python libraries K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Logistic Regression (LRM), a feed forward artificial neural network Multilayer Perceptron (in both the classification form MLPC and the regression form MLPR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (ID3) and Random Forest (Forest).
We subdivided the problem by independent sub-problems of estimation the concentration of different aspect ratio inclusions a1 cracks (10-3: disks), a2 micro cracks (10-2: disks), a3 pores (100: spheres), a4 caverns (102: streaks). To reconstruct simultaneously 4 unknown parameters we applied multi-task learning. Here represents results only for a1.
The classification algorithms performed generally worse in respect of MAE. Yet the error of about 5% was expected here because the classes were defined by 10% concentration intervals (0–10%, 10–20%, and so on). More interesting is their inability to identify right class. It is expressed by the accuracy score. The best classification algorithm MLPC leaded in both MAE and classification accuracy competitions. But its classification accuracy score is only 72. 4%.
The tests have demonstrated the ability of machine learning algorithms to estimate concentration of a known subtype inclusions on the base of sonic logs and density. The best regression algorithm, Random Forest, with its Mean Absolute Error MAE = 1. 7% in concentration provides excellent quality. Two other good reg ression algorithms demonstrate acceptable MAE < 5%.
It would be interesting to apply the ML methods to real core data. We invite for collaboration those who have access to core collections and the ability to execute more detailed analysis of the core porosity than usually.
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Classification of soils by their magnetic properties
Authors A.V. Suhorada and O.V. KruglovSUMMARYOne of the methodological problems that prevent the full use of the potential of pedomagnetic research is the lack of effective classification of soils for their magnetic properties. In this study, a genetic classification of soils based on their magnetic properties, based on the nature of soil magnetics, is proposed. Two main taxa are allocated. Data on the magnetic properties of soils, caused by terrigenous magnetісs, is mainly a subject of geological studies. Such soils reflect the structure of the geological site as a whole. So capametry of the upper soil horizon of the first type is effective for solving a number of problems of geological mapping and exploration of many minerals. The magnetic properties of the soils of the second taxа are due to the course of pedogenesis. They are of great importance for indicating the soil-forming process, identifying the heterogeneity of the soil. Particular importance of data on the magnetic properties of soils have bee n shown in the indication of erosion processes. А significant number of soils will contain magnetism carriers belonging to both groups, that is, they are “hybrid”. This study is preliminary, it should be considered as a necessary step for the classification of soils for their magnetic properties.
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Study of the factors of formation of groundwater levels within the rural settlements of the Tatarbunary district
Authors O. Miedviedieva and O. DyniakSUMMARYThe issue of changing groundwater levels within the Tatarbunary district of the Odessa region, which are used for water supply of settlements, is considered. The state (groundwater levels, mimic composition) was studied, the areas of flooding were identified in 1982 and 2004, and the factors and factors of the occurrence of a dangerous ecological phenomenon within the region were determined.
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Development of the rocks fracturing model on the Carpathian region example
Authors I.V. Artym, S. S. Kurovets, T.V. Zderka, A.V. Yarema and I.M. KurovetsSUMMARYThe proposed model will allow evaluating the fracturing of the sandy seams, taking into account geodynamic processes. The model is based on the fact that the main factor in the formation of the original fracturing is stress-deformation state of the rocks during the period of active geodynamic processes. The mechanical properties of the Carpathian rocks are processed for such estimation. Samples of rocks were selected according to stratigraphy, lithology and depth. Sediments of Cretaceous system, Paleogene and Neogene take part in a geological structure of the territory. Age of rocks, lithology and depth are taken into account when sampling for further research, because these parameters can change the mechanical properties of rocks. The 2D finite element model is developed, that model will demonstrate the dependence of fracture strength on the geometric characteristics of a sandstone seam within the anticline. The results of these studies will make it possible to be tter predict the high permeability zones for the epigenetic reservoirs formation. This will allow conducting the secondary explorations of the oil and gas fields.
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The Oil and Gas Potential Objects of Krukenychi Depression (according to the data of geological and gravity modeling)
Authors N.P. Khovanets, S.S. Kurovets, S.H. Anikeev, T.V. Zderka and A.V. YaremaSUMMARYThe scientists of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas (IFNTUOG) have identified the number of local elevations with which the oil and gas prospects of the deeply buried horizons within Krukenychi subzone of Bilche-Volytsia zone of the Precarpathian Depression should be associated. These findings are based on the results of the data analysis performed by means of gravity measurements and seismic investigations. The recommendations regarding the prospecting drilling and further research of the selected objects are provided.
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Application of geophysical methods in the study of landslides
Authors S. Vyzhva, V. Onyshchuk, I. Onyshchuk, M. Reva and O. ShabaturaSUMMARYThe paper discusses the results of the study of landslide processes by geophysical methods. In examining of landslides it is important to find out the features of their structure but it should always remember that landslides, as a rule, have the various combination of contrasted boundaries sometimes with a high gradient of physical properties. Analysis of landslide blocks various types suggests that it is not always possible to obtain reliable and sufficient information using just one geophysical parameter. Therefore, to study landslides, it is expedient to use a set of geophysical methods and to determine complex indicators. The study of landslide processes is one of the most difficult tasks for engineering geophysics, because the researches must be performed on rather steep slopes with physical heterogeneous of slip area. Size of study area (commonly used a lateral lengths of landslide) is usually limited, which the standard geophysical methods had thereby been m ade more difficult. In this paper there is an example, we present some results of geophysical studies performed in the district of Vytachiv. Geophysical methods are proved to be efficient for studying landslides.
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Use remote sensing for estimation hydropower potential of the rivers of the Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors O. Obodovskyi, O. Pochaievets, O. Lukianets, V. Onyschuk and O. KryvetsSUMMARYThe possibilities of using the data of remote sensing of the Earth for the establishment of hydropower potential on the rivers of the Ukrainian Carpathians are considered. Describes the main stages of work. The first is the collection of initial spatial and attributive information on the natural conditions, the orography and morphometry of the catchment, characteristics of runoff of rivers and protected areas within catchment areas. It is important to note that all work was done using data that is open access for scientific purposes. The use of geospatial information to establish the hydropower potential of the Ukrainian Carpathian Rivers is primarily the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission and the ASTER GDEM with a resolution of 30m per pixel for creating a digital elevation model (CMV) and a set of raster and vector layers morphometric and stock information on river basins. Remote sensing data, namely satellite imagery, such as satellites such as Landsat and Sentinel , were used to specify the lengths of the rivers, their leaks and the mouth sections, to update the state of the channels, and to identify the places of influence of water management activities. The second stage is the systematization and processing of data, the choice of methods and tools for geoinformation analysis. The calculations and analysis were carried out using a comprehensive software product that is also openly accessible, namely QGIS, Saga and GRASS.
The third stage is the visualization of the results obtained in the form of multi-layered river network maps, rivers catchment limits, the network of in-situ monitoring of the drainage of water (hydrological stations), maps of the average multi-year drainage water flow in the rivers of the basins of the Ukrainian Carpathians and maps of hydropower potential.
The algorithm of using remote sensing tools and geoinformation analysis for the establishment of hydroelectric potential of Mountain Rivers is developed.
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Peculiarities of correlation of seismicity of basic seismogenic zones of Ukrainian Transcarpathians with the phases of cycles of solar activity
Authors L.Ye. Nazarevych and A.V. NazarevychSUMMARYThe correlation of earthquakes of the Ukrainian Transcarpathians with K≥7 for 1962–2017 with four phases (minimum, growth, maximum, falling) of 11-year cycles of solar activity (SA) was studied, separately for two zones with different geodynamic mode (extension and compression). It was found that the relatively large (with a factor J=1.93) number of earthquakes in zone of extension occurred in the falling phase of the SA, and in the compression zone this occurred in the phases of growth and maximum (with a factors J=1.14 and J=1.47 respectively). The correlation of stronger (tangible, with M≥2) earthquakes of the Ukrainian Transcarpathians with variations of solar activity was also studied. The analysis was carried out for the whole subregion using A. Gusev's method. It was found that the largest numbers of earthquakes fall on the maximum phases (this is typical for earthquakes of various magnitude ranges (with M=2–2.9 and M≥3)) and on the falling phases (for earthquakes with M=2–2.9) of 11-years SA cycles. The peculiarities of seismotectonics of the Ukrainian Transcarpathians as potential factors of the formation of such statistically appreciable correlations were analyzed.
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Solution of the inreverse problem of electrometry oil and gas wells (on the example of the BKZ + BK + IK complex)
More LessSUMMARYNew method of solving the inverse problem of electrometry of wells is proposed. The method is based on the ability to change the weight of each tool when comparing field logs and calculated logs. It is shown that the method allows solving the inverse problem for layers with a small penetration zone. The method has been tested on a large volume of model logs and well logs. Examples are given for real wells.
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Problem of equivalence in inverse electrometry problems of oil and gas wells
More LessSUMMARYThe method of researching and construction areas for correct solutions of inverse problems is described. The method uses the possibility of constructing a connection between the space of the solutions of the inverse problem and the space of the parameters of the model of the reservoir. Proposed method makes it possible to construct areas of equivalent solutions and to investigate the “blinds zones”. The method has been tested on a large volume of model logs and well logs. Examples are given for real wells.
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Influence of global warming on the groundwater resources of the Southern Bug River basin
Authors O. Shevchenko, V. Osadchiy, D.V. Charnyi, Y.A. Onanko and V.V. GrebinSUMMARYAt the catchment of the Southern Bug River in the mode of level and consumption of groundwater to the river clearly distinguish phases, which are explained by the influence of temperature on the infiltration of winter and summer precipitations. From 1980 to 2014 there was an increase of the groundwater flow. The most stable growth trend - from 1980 to 1998. At the same time, the influence of temperature was lower, but its growth causes an increase of groundwater infiltration provision (mainly due to winter thaw). Since 1999, the weight factor of the temperature influence on the drainage has increased significantly, but there has been a decrease in the trend of the average annual consumption of underground drainage. During the last 20 years the amplitude between the annual minima and the maximum peaks of groundwater flow to the river has significantly increased, and a rapid drop of its volumes in 2015–2016 has been observed. If the trends of the groundwater reserves expenses over time will be deepened, this will be reflected in the resources of potable pressurized groundwater of the region.
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Geological-and-structural 3-D modelling of Serhiivka complex Au-Mo deposit (Ukrainian Shield)
Authors V. V. Sukach, O. V. Hrinchenko, O. V. Voloshyn and D. S. VasiukhinaSUMMARYSerhiivka gold-molybdenum deposit is located in the southern part of the Solone ore field situated within Sura greenstone structure (greenstone belt) of Middle Dnipro Archean craton of Ukrainian Shield. The deposit consists of Mezoarchean (3,0-2,9 Ga) tholeiitic basalts and gabbro-dolerites metamorphosed at green-shiest facies, which are intruded by submeriodional Serhiivka subvolcanic body with associated dikes of dacites and rhyodacites. Gold-rich ore bodies, as well as molybdenum mineralization are predominantly found in metabasalts and metagabbro-dolerites, and locally, in felsic rocks that are treated to be the sources of ore-bearing fluids. 3-D modelling carried out has revealed some features of geological structure and distribution patterns of gold mineralization that are typical of the central part of the Serhiivka deposit. These features can be used while interpreting the geological structure of the deposit, as a whole, as well as distribution pattern of gold and molybdenum mineralization. It can result in rising of evaluation accuracy of ore reserves and will increase investment appeal of the complex gold-molybdenum Serhiivka deposit.
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About statistical simulation algorithm of dataset in 3-D area with spherical соrrelation function on Rivne NPP example
Authors Z. Vyzhva, V. Demidov and A. VyzhvaSUMMARYThe article is devoted to using methods of random fields in 3-D area statistical simulation (Monte Carlo methods) in environmental geophysical monitoring problems. A new effective algorithm has been devised to simulate random field in 3D area with spherical соrrelation function, based on spectral decomposition, for investigation of chalk layer density on Rivne NPP industrial area territory. It has been considered the problem of statistical simulation of “noise” for chalk layer density realizations as random fields in 3D space. It has been constructed the statistical model for the gauss random fields in three-dimensional space, with spherical соrrelation function. It has been received of random fields in 3-D area realization with spherical соrrelation function by using those models, formulating the algorithm and building programs.
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On Numerical Solution of Forward Gravity Problem for Ellipsoidal Models
Authors P. Martyshko, I. Ladovskii, D. Byzov and A. ChernoskutovSummaryWe propose an algorithm for solving the direct gravity problem for density models of tesseroidal shape. The algorithm is based on the approximation of such models by a set of polyhedra each with its own constant density and the calculation of the field for them. The formula of the gravitational field of an arbitrary polyhedron with a constant density is presented in a compact vector form, which makes it invariant with respect to the choice of a rectangular coordinate system. That fact favorably distinguishes the paper from the works of other authors. High-resolution field of the spherical density model (acquired by the authors in the previous works) of the Urals and adjacent territories has been calculated with the proposed method. The calculations were performed using multi-GPU parallel software implementation of the method.
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Application of modern geoinformation systems on the evaluation of military-political situation
Authors I. Tolok, I. Pampukha, P. Savkov, V. Zatserkovnyi, A. Lykianchuk and I. ShatkovskaSummaryIn order to increase the effectiveness of the monitoring and evaluation system of the state's military and political situation for the realization of national interests in the face of various types of threats, it is necessary to improve the models of the information-monitoring system of national security. In the absence of relevant scientific developments in Ukraine, the issue of constructing a model for monitoring and evaluating the information space remains relevant. Therefore, in the course of research, the use of the cluster spatiotemporal model is justified, which makes it possible to formalize masses of geospatial and attributive information. The use of the results of theoretical research will allow us to approach the development of a model for monitoring the information space of the security and defense sector. The necessity of model development, estimation and forecasting of the military-political situation and the development of models and methods for its assessment and forecasting in the interests of carrying out strategic operations by the state apparatus and the Armed Forces of Ukraine are determined. The article deals with the essence, content and problem issues of the use of modern geographic information systems for assessing the military-political situation.
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Results of Stationary Thermal Fields modeling for Urals region
Authors P. Martyshko, I. Ladovskii, D. Byzov and A. TsidaevSummaryAuthors present results of stationary thermal fields modeling. Thermal production and thermal conductivity models are constructed. To calculate thermal production recalculation of density model using known correlation between density and thermal production was used. 3D thermal production model was constructed for the Urals region. For the thermal conductivity there is no such a correlation and no visible relation between density and thermal conductivity exists. Authors took piecewise constant function, which is obtained by rock examples, and used it for layerwise construction of 3D model of crustal distribution of thermal conductivity. On the last stage mantle component of heat flux is calculated and comparison to a map of tectonic structures is performed. Agreement of recalculated thermal anomalies with mantle boundary is more informative than with the map of tectonic zoning. This is understandable since different factors of physical nature are involved into formi ng of thermal and gravity fields of Earth's crust. All elements that are required for evaluation of mantle heat flux are taken into account by authors in the process of 3D velocity and density models construction. Inner consistency of the results obtained by gravity and thermal fields doesn't disagree with DSS data, which means that author's method is effective.
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Open source GIS platform for water resource modelling: FREEWAT approach in the Bakumivka river irrigation-drainage network catchment, Ukraine
Authors D. Svidzinska and M. GrodzynskyiSummaryFree and Open Source Software Tools for Water Resource Management (FREEWAT) is a free and open source GIS-platform for planning and management of water resources, with specific attention to groundwater component. The platform capabilities were tested on the Bakumivka river irrigation-drainage network catchment, Ukraine. The main objective of the case study was to find out the optimal spatial distribution of the water supply to the farms located within the Bakumivka River's basin area by modifying of its landcover pattern. The FREEWAT approach has played an integrative role in the development and implementation of the model Bakumivka River's catchment case study. Modelling-obtained heads and water budgets were analyzed in order to understand and quantify the relations of the kind of landcover applied over the area and provide recommendations on land and water management. Future applications of the case study results are related to the further aggregation of spatio-t emporal data, and development of the more advanced scenarios.
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Using laser scanning and digital photogrammetry for creation of virtual geological outcrops: case studies from the west of Ukraine
Authors I. M. Bubniak, A. M. Bubniak, O. D. Gavrilenko, V. I. Nikulishyn and I. I. GolubinkaSummaryThe last two decades are characterized by the emergence of both new approaches and ideas and the development of new devices and software for the collection, processing and presentation of spatial information in the Earth sciences. By applying laser scanning and photogrammetry, we have the ability to create digital models of natural objects, including digital models of outcrops. The process of creating digital models involves collecting field data, processing and presenting data. The results obtained are used for further processing with the use of specialized software. Laser scanning and photogrammetry have both advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of laser scanning is its high performance and independence from weather. But it is an expensive method of research. The photogrammetric approach is much cheaper, its significant disadvantage is dependence on weather conditions. The created digital models of geological objects for the west of Ukraine (9 objects) and 3 for Eastern Kazakhstan have demonstrated their possibility for further use in order to obtain geological and structural information. With these models, it is possible to get information from previously unavailable places. Also, information is more complete than traditional field research methods.
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Modified Gardner equation for evaluation of rock density basing on velocity data for Dnipro-Donets depression
Authors O. Petrovskyy, T. Petrovska, A. Borozdina, M. Firman, I. Gafych and I. SolodkyySummaryBeing an important parameter for geophysical data interpretation, density is often poorly studied for many basins, both by core and log data. This is the case for Dnieper-Donets basin. Multiple projects on joint gravity and seismic inversion allowed authors to investigate interrelationship between P-wave velocity and density using Gardner equation, thus allowing to use sonic logs and VSP velocities to calculate formation density. Studies showed that Gardner coefficients differ much from the average values published in classic paper by Gardner et al. (1974 ). The paper presents modified Gardner equation, refined for productive Carboniferous and Devonian formations of Dnieper-Donets basin.
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The features of spessartine from Nani Hill (Loliondo, Tanzania)
Authors I. V. Kvasnytsia, O. V. Andreev, Yu. S. Skrylnikova and I. V. NaumenkoSummaryThe results of the crystallomorphological and chemical features study of the spessartine crystals from Nani Hill, Loliondo, Tanzania are presented.
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Research of pore space structure features for productive low-resistance carboniferous reservoir at Dniprovsko-Donetska depression
More LessSummaryThe problem of constructing petrophysical dependences for reservoir rocks of complex structure with abnormal electrical properties is considered. The results of studying porous space structure and filtration-capacitive parameters at rock-collectors with complex structure by the method of mercury porosimetry in oil and gas deposits DDD are given. According to the results of research petrophysical interconnections have been obtained using the GWL data for pure granular quartz collectors and sandstones with abnormal electrical properties.
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Methodological fundamentals of remote sensing integration and expert data for displaying the state of mining territories
Authors A.V. Khyzhniak and V. RailkoSummaryThe work outlined the methodological basis for the integration of Sentinel-2 images and ground-based expert data to display the state of mining areas in four load levels: light, medium, moderate and heavy. To assess the state of the mining areas, an algorithm was developed based on the landscape-system approach and automated interpretation of satellite images using the statistical criterion method. The proposed algorithm was tested on the territory of the Nikopol mining region using a multispectral atmospheric and radiometrically corrected Sentinel-2A image and ground-based statistical data. As a result, a map of the technogenic load of the study area was obtained. Evaluation of the accuracy of the results shows that the integration of remote sensing and ground-based expert data using the proposed algorithm is very promising for assessing the state of mining areas. The proposed algorithm for using data will provide objective, reliable and operative information for all interested parties, including those responsible for the ecological state and mining areas.
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Improving the algorithm of satellite images landscape interpretation
Authors V. Trysnyuk, V. Okhariev, T. Trysnyuk, O. Zorina, A. Kurylo and C. RadlowskaSummaryThe possibilities of automated landscape interpretation of space images of investigated Territeria are investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of automated image processing and problems that arise in the process of landscape contouring in pictures are considered.
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Problems of waste management system formation in Ukraine
Authors S.Y. Bortnyk, T.M. Lavruk and L.M. TymuliakSummaryThe article analyzes legislative base in the field of waste management and the structure of waste generation by types of economic activity in Ukraine and underlines the importance of forming a waste management system for monitoring and preventing modern unfavorable natural and man-made processes at all levels of land use, from local to national. The focus is on the need for joint participation of specialists from different sectors - scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs, lawyers, educators, local authorities and citizens in the establishment of a waste management system. In this regard, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv initiated an eco-project “Geographical aspects of waste management system formation in Ukraine” which aimed at identifying sources and waste streams, assessing the impact of existing classes of waste on natural landscapes and processes, determining the optimal spatial infrastructure for waste management and ways of revitalization of industrial zones, as well ascreating a geoinformation system for waste monitoring and management in Ukraine.
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Geoinformation analysis and modelling groundwater conditions within the Ivano-Frankivsk region (Ukraine)
Authors L. Davybida and B. KarpinskyiSummaryThe purpose of the research is to develop a methodology for the regional analysis, modelling and assessment of the conditions of groundwater resources formation using GIS. The studied area is the Ukrainian Precarpathians (Ivano-Frankivsk region). In order to achieve the purpose, the materials on the conditions of the groundwater formation in the Ivano-Frankivsk region were analyzed, the structure of the appropriate geodatabase was developed and its filling was made in the GIS MapInfo environment, the geoinformation analysis of the hydrogeological parameters was carried out and the assessment of their interdependence was made. Analysis of the landslide localizations in relation to the structural units of the hydrogeological zoning allowed to establish certain patterns in the spatial intensity of the landslides associated with the spread of the certain types of mountain and plain landscape-hydrogeological complexes.
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Formational basis of the theory for information support of geological activity
SummaryThe elaboration of a theory for information support of R&D, connected with geological medium management (ISRDGMM) in necessary in relation to global trend of digital, technological and social-economic transformation of the world community functioning. The purpose of investigation is to present theories principles of information supervision (support) for investigations and works on geological medium management.
The methodology is based upon the introducing a formation analysis into all phases of ISRDGMM. The introducing of this methodology resulted in development of predictive-reconstructive geological information complex for modeling of geological medium management. This complex comprises three cognitive–functional levels: general methodological basis, target oriented methodological-methodic elaboration and methodic ISRDGMM complex. The novelty of this scientific approach consists in presenting a new approach for ISRDGMM basing upon specific theoretic schemes considering formational algorithms. Authors consider this scheme as universal one, controlling all the areas of mankind geological activity.
The realization of theoretic principles has been demonstrated by a number of specific examples of author's projects, aimed at main directions of geological medium use and protection (useful minerals use, underground and nearsurface repositories construction and exploitation, mining and polluted territories management, etc. The prospects of ISRDGMM theory further development are marked in.
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Calculation of fluorescence flux from individual microcrystals of minerals of simple form
Authors E.V. Meshcheryakova, A.V. Andreyev, A.L. Bunkevich and S.E. ShnyukovSummaryThe derivation of formulas for the calculation of fluorescence fluxes of chemical elements in microcrystals of minerals of simple form (parallelepiped) is given. Such calculations are necessary for the development of a technique for quantitative XRF determination of the content of trace elements in accessory minerals using the internal standard method. The example of fluorescence flux calculation for Ce and Th in monazite is given.
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Deep Geoelectrical Researches of the Tarasivskiy and Troyankivskiy Metabasite Massives of Golovanivsk Suture Zone
Authors A. M. Kushnir, T. K. Burakhovych, B. I. Shyrkov and V. A. IlyenkoSummaryThe results of the three-dimensional modeling of the Tarasivskiy and Troyankivskiy Metabasite Massives of the Yatran’ block of the Golovanivsk Suture Zone (GSZ) showed that these structures in the geological boundaries do not manifested in the anomalous conductivity (σ). But the fault zones, that outlines and crosses them, are complex anomalous objects both in ground plan and depth. In geoelectrical terms, the current structures of two massives are significantly different. So Tarasivskiy massive is sublatitudinally crossed by high conductivity zones with different resistivity (ρ), allocated at three depth levels: 0 – 100 m from 10–250 Ohm•m; 2–7 and 7–10 km with ρ = 10–250 Ohm•m. While anomalous objects of the Troyankivskiy massive extend from north-west to south-east with a change of direction to sublatitudinal in the eastern part of the area. The conductivity structures of the Troyankivskiy massive are allocated at four depth levels: 0 - 100 and 150 - 20 0 m with ρ = 5–100 Ohm•m; 2–4 and 4–10 km with ρ = 50, 250 Ohm•m. The unifying feature of the two structures is the manifestation of low values of ρ from 5 to 100 Ohm•m precisely in their geological boundaries. The high electrical conductivity can be explained by the special composition of the earth's crust (graphitization, sulfidization, etc.) or fluidization of various origins. Increasingly, according to the latest data, the nature of the anomalies is considered as the result of the joint influence of the electron and ion types of electrical conductivity.
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Software tool for calculating the content of Rb and Sr in selected potassium mica crystals by the internal standard method
Authors A.V. Andreyev, O.A. Lisova, I.V. Virshylo and S.E. ShnyukovSummaryAn algorithm and a program for calculating the content of rubidium and strontium in individual crystals of potassium micas are described, based on the measured X-ray fluorescence fluxes of potassium, iron, rubidium and strontium and the known content of potassium and iron.
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About Scientific Computing within Python and Jupyter Notebook
Authors A.I. Yakimchik and S.O. ShabaturaSummaryJupyter Notebook is a web-based application that allows you to write and comment on Python code interactively. This is a valuable mean to experiment, to do research, and to share your results with others. Increasingly, many researchers use this computing environment in their researches.
In a brief second form highlights the key reasons for the growing popularity of the Python programming language and project Jupyter. According to the company TIOBE, which collects monthly statistics of search queries and, based on the data obtained, compiles its own visualized ratings of programming language, the Python ranks 3rd grade in popularity among programming languages. He was chosen as the language of the year in 2007, 2010 and 2018.
Considered aspects of installing programs, libraries and packages in the Windows operating system. It is recommended to download and install libraries from the whl-file repository on the webpage by Christoph Gohlke Laboratory for Fluor escence Dynamics University of California. Demonstrated simplicity and efficiency of scientific computing in Jupyter Notebook. In particular, it is shown that the code for calculating the matrix size 5000x5000 takes only a few lines.
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The main features of the lithosphere structure along the PANCAKE profile in the context of geodynamics of the Carpathian-Pannonian region
Authors A. Murovskaya, T. Amashukeli, T. Yegorova, R. Bezuhlyi, A. Verpakhovska and M. NakapelukhSummaryThe Carpathian-Pannonian region is traditionally interpreted as accretionary prism - back-arc basin system, although alternative models exist. This study presents balanced geological cross-section, crust tectonic model on base of seismic images obtained by migration method combined of the depth of asthenosphere along PANCAKE profile to understand geodynamics of study region. The geological cross-section shows thrust tectonics with significant horizontal NE displacements. A basal detachment of Carpathian allochthon locates at 12–15 km depths. Tectonic model by migration method shows pre-Alpine Carpathian basement at ~ 15 km in agreement with geological and balanced cross-sections. New seismic boundary within uppermost mantle dipping at low angle under the East European Craton (EEC) was obtained. It is associated with collision and thrusting of marginal part of ALCAPA lithosphere under EEC. The surface dipping in opposite direction could be associated with SW subdu ction was not found. The geometry of asthenosphere and gravity field allows localizing TESZ. Within TESZ maximum thickness of lithosphere beneath the Carpathians is observed, indicating a significant role of this lithospheric boundary in development of SW-margin of EEC and Ukrainian Carpathians. Lithosphere thinning under Pannonian Basin larger than crust thinning emphasizes the main role of mantle upwelling in evolution of Carpathian-Pannonian region.
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Alpha and beta-activities of sedimentary rocks of the Runovshchyna area as an indicator of the conditions of their origin
Authors S. Vyzhva, O. Shabatura, V. Onyshchuk and I. OnyshchukSummaryUnder petrophysical modeling, data of experimental determination of specific α- and β-activity and chemical composition of samples of Runovschyna area were used. Alpha-radiometry can be used to discriminate rocks of different lithology, and β-radiometry is more effective for age differentiation of formations. For reconstruction of the formation conditions should be applies such types: (1) Aα=1000–1500 (Bq/kg), Aβ=1800–2000 - type of rocks that undergone severe and deep weathering; (2) Aα=100–700, Aβ=200–1800 - type of mature sedimentary rocks, with a separate subtype with Aα=300–500, Aβ=600–800 that represented by sorted quartz sandstones; (3) Aα=300–1100, Aβ=600–1400 - type of argillite strata. Types 1 and 3 can be connected to the maternal layer of the kerogen, and type 2 is as a medium of migration and their accumulation.
Overlapping the ranges of radiometric characteristics of different types of rock requires further analysis and improvement.
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An Approach to Detect and Visualize the Anomalies based on GPR Data
Authors M. Ozkan Okay and R. SametSummaryGround Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a geophysical technique which is widely used to collect the data from near-surface part of underground. The use of GPR in the research and applications has been increasing recently. GPR data allow users to detect, analyze, visualize and interpret the underground structures easily and accurately. GPR is used for solving many problems related to the ground surveys, tunnels, archaeological excavations, geophysical applications, mining research, etc. The collected GPR data are made appropriate for interpretation of the underground structures by using different data processing techniques. The aim of this study is to propose the methodology to detect and visualize the anomalies based on GPR data. The proposed methodology was implemented on real GPR data. The obtained results showed that the proposed methodology allows users to detect and visualize underground anomalies with high accuracy.
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Geophysical online monitoring of copper ores for silver's detection at Kazakhmys Corporation LLC
Authors A. Nigmatullin, A.N. Kan, S. A. Yefimenko, V. Onyshchuk and O. ShabaturaSummaryThe paper discusses the results of methodological, instrumental and experimental investigations on solving the problem of effective geophysical online monitoring of copper-containing ore deposits. These deposits consist of the main (Cu, Pb, Zn) and related (Ag, Cd, Mo) ore's components so mining enterprises of Corporation Kazakhmys LLC developed an analysis and information system to provide controlled management of silver mining. The main problems are: low (from 1+ ppm) silver content in the ores of most deposits; complex elemental composition of ores; high (up to 7 m) faces' thick, which need to be tested with vertical sections (for example, deposits Zhezkazgan and Zhaman-Aybat). The basic research method is X-ray fluorescence method with such tools as the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers: portable RPT-12Т (34 elements) and laboratory RPP-21Т (31 elements). The majority of the measurements were performed using RPP-12T on samples: exploratio n well, reference hand pieces, coarsely ground car probes at the Zhezkazgan processing plant, powder geological samples and state standard reference samples of ores. The research results are tabulated with mandatory comparison of the data of the RPP-12T and RPP-21T spectrometers with the data of chemical analyzes. Studies have shown that the task of ensuring a controlled silver mining process in ores has been successfully solved: silver is effectively determined, starting with the contents of 1+ ppm.
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The technology of formal interpretation of deep geoelectrical parameters of the northern part of the Scythian Plate
By N. BriashkoSummaryMT/MV methods serve as a source of direct information on the presence of anomalies of electrical conductivity and geoelectrical parameters of the crust and upper mantle. Deep point MTS village Ridne locates in the northern part of the Scythian Plate. The qualitative characteristic of the experimental data suggests to possible presence of a conductor with S = 3000 – 4000S. Results of 1D- inversion indicate the existence of an anomalous zone with ρ = 100 Ohm∙m. The total longitudinal conductivity of the sedimentary strata along the ascending branches ρп reaches over 400 S. An analysis of the magnetic-variation responses shows a complex three-dimensional situation in the deep part of the Sivas through, that correspond to surface and deep electrical conductivity anomalies. This question needs to solve by three-dimensional modeling.
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Regional geostatistical analysis of the atmogeochemical field of the central part of Northern Ukraine with the briochemical indication
Authors Yu. Tyutyunnik, J. Daunis-i-Estadella, O. Shabatura, O. Blum, A. Onyschenko and A. BuninaSummaryThe biogeochemical indication of atmospheric pollution in the central part of northern Ukraine is based on the use of moss P. schreberi species. The sampling system provided an empirical reference the moss sample data to a particular physical and geographical zone. Data on the content of chemical elements were analysed with centered ternary charts. Results made it possible to form a mutual hyperspace of geochemical factors and signs for its subsequent interpretation. The leading factor of the briogeochemical indication is air pollution by a large dust of natural terrigenous and man-caused origin. Second factor connected with a finely dispersed man-caused-condensation aerosols impact; the third factor is identified by the behavior of titanium and vanadium as the effect of heat and power (TPP, boiler room) on atmospheric emissions. Regional differences of briogeochemical markers connected with the factors of dust-lifting, heat emission and transport.
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The Use of Geoinformatics for Geoarchaeological Studies: A comparison between Prambanan Temple and Bojongmenje Temple
Authors B.M. Hartono, A. Najili and A.H.P. KesumajanaSummaryThis paper focuses on investigating the geomorphological conditions around Hindu and Buddha Temple, especially Bojongmenje Temple, using geoinformatics studies. this investigation was conducted to investigate the temples location geomorphological characteristic, specifically in Java, by satellite imagery, DEM data, and field and hand specimen observation. From these characteristics, the relation of the peoples that live in that era with its geological and geomorphological conditions, and the location pattern for the temples construction can be inferred. Geoinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops and uses information science and science infrastructure to address the problems of geosciences. One of the fields that use geoinformatics study is geoarchaeology. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are powerful tools because it can be used for gather, transform, manipulate, analyse, and produce information related to the surface of the earth. This study sh ows that the geoinformatics studies support us to understand the history of the past. It helps us to understand the pattern of the temple location and also the relation of the people on that era with its geological conditions.
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Development of GIS subsystems for gravity monitoring data analysis of the subsoil conditions for oil and gas fields
Authors A. Nazirova, F. Abdoldina, Y. Dubovenko and G. UmirovaSummaryPurpose. Various negative processes occur due to the long-term development of hydrocarbon deposits on an oil and gas fields. For the Republic of Kazakhstan the task of forecasting such processes is important for further assessment of the negative consequences. The automated systems has been widely used as a tool for solving geophysical problems in an oil and gas fields. Among them the special place took the geographic information systems (GIS). This paper describes the subsystems implementation for a new GeoM geographic information system, which is created on the basis of gravity data monitoring within the one of the selected oil and gas fields.
Design/Methodology/Approach. Before that study, the preliminary stages of development for the created GIS of GeoM are conditionally defined. Tese are the preparatory, the computational, the optimizing and the integration ones. Currently, the system has developed and tested a subsystem for processing the primary data of gravity data monitoring and the graphing of its results and also a subsystem for solving of the gravity direct problem by the fitting procedure. The GIS system database is implemented using an open PostgreSQL relational database. The raw geodata are stored in a PostGis environment. The applied interfaces for the system operation are clearly demonstrated.
Findings. One of the newly developed GIS subsystem is the framework for the solution of the gravity direct problem with the help of the simulating annealing techniques. The main advantages of using of the simulated annealing method are summarized, as they are the fast data processing, applicability for use in the modern systems of parallel computing, and also the processing of large amounts of measured data. A schematic diagram of the common numerical algorithm of the simulating annealing technique is presented in the work. The applicability of this technique is qualitatively justified for the searching of the gravity o ptimal solutions in the created GIS.
Practical value/implications. The development of GIS subsystems made it possible to improve significantly the quality and speed of the gravity data processing. The calculation subsystem allow to solve the garvity direct problem by fitting with the help of the unique procedure of simulating annealing.
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Korosten Pluton (Ukrainian Shield): initial data bank oriented on geochemical modelling
Authors I. Lazareva, S. Shnyukov, A. Andrieiev, A. Aleksieienko and E. KhlonSummaryReliability of diverse practical and fundamental geological results depends on validation of initial data background, research techniques used, methodology and means of sampling, which differ by design according to the aim of research. Accumulated i16n various databases and databanks information on geological objects that was acquired from different sources using different analytical techniques often turns out to be haphazard or even contradictory, which greatly limits its utilization possibilities. This research aims to develop specialized database targeted on geochemical modelling for magmatic system of Precambrian Korosten Pluton (Ukrainian Shield). This publication focuses on results of implementation of databank development basic principles and following analytical quality control of final results: (1) sampling points for main rock types are provided with sufficient geological background; (2) representativeness of samples is granted by their sufficient weight an d multistage filtration by various research techniques (petrographic, mineralogical, XRF etc.); (3) analytical data were obtained simultaneously in single laboratory by single precision analytical technique; (4) high level of analytical quality control grants reliability of geological information.
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Korosten Pluton (Ukrainian Shield): new major and trace element analytical data and its validation
Authors I. Lazareva, S. Shnyukov, O. Andrieiev, A. Aleksieienko and V. ZagorodniiSummaryNew data was acquired for Korosten Pluton (Ukrainian Shield) in order to develop specialized databank, which would meet following requirements: (1) sufficient geological background of sampling points selection, their representativeness and high level of sampled rocks petrographic study; (2) wide range chemical analysis including major and a set of litho- and chalcophile trace elements with different values of effective ionic radius and mineral/melt distribution coefficient using single technique in a single laboratory, if possible – simultaneously; (3) analytical survey conduction by means of modern, precision and most sensitive techniques; (4) high level of analysis validation, which grants reliability of initial geological information. This publication presents results of analytical data quality control: (1) values of systematic errors are minimal and don’t exceed relative standard deviation; (2) values of relative standard deviation don’t exceed 10% at lev el of 5 LOD for most of the elements; (3) trace elements concentrations usually exceed LOD value by significant margin; (4) relative standard deviation values of all major elements in the vast majority of determinations don’t exceed 10% limit. As 2–4 requirements for special databanks are met, analytical data obtained on Korosten Pluton can be successfully utilized in development of databanks, which are targeted at geochemical modelling.
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Denudation as unique Earth Crust sampling procedure: additive effect of sedimentary differentiation and homogenization
Authors S. Shnyukov, E. Tegkaev, I. Lazareva, O. Andrieiev and A. AleksieienkoSummaryLarge geochemical data set, obtained for Precambrian Ukrainian Shield (USh) rock associations, modern sediments and Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks from basins of USh periphery (accumulation reservoirs of eroded upper crustal material) yielded following results: (1) SiO2, Zr and LREE in rocks associations of USh are characterized by complex distribution, which contradicts modern evaluations of lower, middle and upper continental crust. (2) Distribution of SiO2, Zr and LREE in modern sediments and Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks is caused by two factors - sedimentary differentiation and sedimentary homogenization. Second factor erects a set of contrast maximums, which reflect composition of upper continental crust. Results obtained point out that research of zircon and monazite large detrital populations from river sands and sedimentary rocks require consideration of homogenization and differentiation effects. In order to take them into account, it is vital to develop specialized criteria, which can be based on a principle maximum conformity of Zr and LREE concentrations in the sampled sediments and sedimentary rocks to evaluated concentrations in upper continental crust. Implementation of such criteria would significantly enhance reliability of further constraints of the continental crust evolution based on age determinations and trace element geochemical data for zircon and monazite large detrital populations.
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Geoinformation analysis of satellite images of the Vrancea seismic active zone
Authors B.S. Busygin, S.L. Nikulin and K.L. SergieievaSummaryThe Vrancea seismic zone (Romania) is analyzed in order to find spatial interconnections between the localization of earthquake epicenters and objects identified on satellite images – lineaments, brightness boundaries, and circular structures. It was found that the Vrancea seismic zone differs from many other seismically active areas since its earthquakes are controlled, mainly, not by linear, but by circular structures.
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Trace elements in fenites and their accessory minerals within the Ukrainian Shield: a basis for model estimation of crust/mantle source rocks composition
Authors V. Osypenko, S. Shnyukov and O. AndreevSummaryThe results of geochemical modeling of Proskurov (Dnister-Bug Region) and Chernigovka carbonatite (Pre-Azov Region) massifs fenitization process on the rock and mineral level are presented. To calculate the model composition of fenitization fluid is possible using experimental data of distribution coefficients apatite/fluid for some trace elements (at least, Sr and REE).
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Travel-times behavior of reflected P-waves in horizontal thick-layered media with strong anisotropy
Authors G. Prodayvoda, P. Kuzmenko, A. Vyzhva and A. TyshchenkoSummaryThis article discusses an effect of strong anisotropy influence on a form of P-waves travel-times. The character of non-hyperboloid NMO-corrections also is determined by elastic symmetry of rock strata in thick horizontal reflection surface with strong (triclinic) anisotropy. The algorithm for calculations of surface travel-times in layered shale medium with triclinic symmetry is presented. During investigation was found that symmetry of travel-times isochrones map of horizontally layered medium is strictly consistent with the elastic symmetry of shale layer. It is proved that isochrones map of non-hyperboloid correction has the same symmetry as the elastic constants. In the article is shown that azimuthal character of non-hyperboloid NMO-corrections also is strictly depends on elastic symmetry of rocks strata.
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MT/MV investigation of faulty tectonic zones of the western part of the Ukrainian shield
Authors V.A. Ilyenko, T.К. Burakhovich, A.M. Kushnir and Yu.I. NikolaevSummaryExperimental synchronous magnetotelluric and magnetovariational investigations were carried out by modern long-period digital stations with ferromagnetic magnetometers LEMI-417. Measurements of the low-frequency natural electromagnetic field of the Earth of ionospheric-magnetospheric origin were carried out along four profiles: Radomyshl-Fastov, Ruzhin-Skvira, Belilivka-Antonov and Shirmivka-Logvin. By qualitative interpretation of complex tiper and curves of MTZ along the profile of Radomyshl-Fastiv, one can distinguish anomalies of conductivity, shallow occurrence. The part of the Zvizdal-Zaliskaya fault zone separating the Podolsky and Rosinsky megablock of the Ukrainian Shield was manifested in superficial electrical conductivity anomalies as revealed by the data of the MT of studies conducted along three profiles: Ruzhin-Skvira, Belilivka-Antonov and Shirmivka-Logvin. From the interpretation of magnetotelluric and magnetovariational studies on periods larger than 700–1000 s, one can assume a deep anomaly of electrical conductivity of a complex isometric shape with , which coincides geographically with the Brusilivsky interblocked suture zone. Thus, the presence of anomalies of high electrical conductivity 1) both regional and local, 2) along extended fault zones, 3) confined to zones of metallogenic ore and non-metallic fields – are geoelectric criteria for the search for ore deposits of minerals.
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The structure of GIS database of geoarchaeological sites of Ukraine for palaeoecological studies
SummaryThe structure of GIS database of geoarchaeological sites of Ukraine is proposed in the framework of the research project “Reconstruction of the natural environments of ancient Man habitats in the area of Ukraine during the prehistorical and historical times”, which is elaborated by the paper authors. The analysis of geoarchaeological studies fulfilled in Ukraine during the last decades demonstrate the great advances in these investigations. The information, accumulated on the subject, needs to be systematized and easily accessible for exchange in the obtained data and their comparison, for modelling and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. The GIS database is the most relevant tool for these purposes, including construction of interactive palaeoenvironmetal maps for time periods of coeval existence of different cultures. The proposed database includes these thematical blocks for each geoarchaeological site: І. Spatial location and modern natural setting; II. Morphometric characteristics and landforms; III. Stratigraphy, lithology, palaeopedology and genetic types of deposits; IV. Palaeontology. V. Geochronology. VI. Archaeochronology. VII. References.
Photo images of a site (if available) and a scheme of its geological section will be provided in separate files within the database.
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Evaluation of success geological-exploration works within Boryslavsko-Pokutska zone at Precarpathian foredeep
Authors O. Yakovyna, V. Khomyn, M. Maniuk, O. Maniuk, I. Piatkovska and M. MedvidSummaryThe analysis of dynamics success in geological-exploration works within Boryslavsko-Pokutska zone at Precarpathian foredeep was carried out and the fund of detected and prepared oil and gas prospecting objects during the period of sharp decline in the efficiency of search and exploration works was evaluated.
The reasons for slowdown refresh rate of prepared objects within foredeep are established, the expediency of further spending funds for its creation has been proved. It is believed that the main reason for low efficiency of geological-exploration works is the application of existing classical techniques during the forecasting of oil and gas content in structures, the imperfection of which necessitates the development of approach to forecasting oil and gas content in subsoil on a new theoretical and methodological basis
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Automated system of treatment of mechanical properties anisotropy SiO2, porous polystyrene
Authors A. P. Onanko, D. V. Charny, Y. A. Onanko and R. V. HomenkoSummaryProgrammatic algorithmic facilities of the automated system of numerical analysis and visualization of ultrasound measuring data of anisotropy parameters of elastic waves velocities V, which provide the account of influence of heterogeneity of composition and textures structure and their efficiency are examined. The automated system is offered of numerical analysis and visualization of ultrasound measuring of anisotropy parameters data of velocities V of elastic longitudinal V║, “rapid” V┴1 and “slow” V┴2 transversal waves. The algorithm principle of calculation of anisotropy parameters is presented.
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Inelastic, elastic characteristics of SiO2, porous polystyrene and automated system
Authors A. P. Onanko, D. V. Charny, Y. A. Onanko, M. P. Kulish, O. P. Dmutrenko and S. A. PopovSummaryThe automated system will be realized on the personal computer by setting of the special shell program. The isolines stereoprojections of phase velocities azimuth dependence of quasilongitudinal wave V║ and differences between „fast” V┴1 and „slow” V┴2 quasitransversal velocities ΔV┴= V┴1 − V┴2; the elastic anisotropy differential coefficient Ad; the polarization corner – the rejection of elastic displacements vector from the direction of wave normal and the diagrams of distributing of polarization vectors of quasilongitudinal, “fast” and “slow” quasitransversal velocities waves are built in the automatic regime.
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Calculated accelerograms for the direct dynamic method of determining seismic loads
Authors A. Kendzera and Yu. SemenovaSummaryTo calculate the seismic stability of objects by the direct dynamic method of seismic loads, computed accelerograms are required. The article shows that the use of accelerograms, which do not take into account the soils amplification properties of the particular study site, can lead to incorrect engineering calculations of the seismic resistance of buildings. The article considers the question of how different the maximum acceleration at the same input motion (in the form of an accelerogram) at different sites located close to each other. The results of modeling the amplification of one and the same input motion by the soil strata of two different sites are presented. The sites have a similar geological structure. The bedrock is at the same depth. Geographically, the sites are located at a distance of 10 km from each other in Kiev on the right bank of the Dnieper. Under such conditions, when designing seismic resistant objects, design engineers for emergency load combination calculations usually use the same set of design accelerograms. The modelling results presented in this article showed that the soil amplifications of the same input motion, even on closely spaced and, at first glance, sites with similar geological structure, may differ significantly.
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A character of cosmic bodies influence on earthquakes in Earth crust and below it
Authors A. M. Kazantsaev and L. V. KazantsevaSummaryOften, the detection of the cosmic bodies influence on earthquakes is carried out by finding correlation links between the lunar phases, the distance to the Moon, the time of the day, and so on. At the same time, the real physical impact of the Sun and the Moon on earthquakes can only be the gravitational. That is, such influence should realize through the tidal forces of these bodies in some zones in the Earth's body.
Based on an analysis of about 500,000 seismic events of the Northern California Earthquake Data Base of the USA, a statistically significant dependence of the number of earthquakes at depths up to 40 km on the phase of the moon was found. This dependence can be explained by the specifics of the changes in the tidal forces from the Moon and the Sun in different seasons. For depths of hypocenters over 40 km there is no such dependence.
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Isometry of body size traits in Tirasiana Palij 1976 from the upper Vendian of the Podolian Dniester area
Authors A. Sh. Mienasova, L. V. Тustanovska, L. V. Popova and I. I. DzeverinSummaryThe nature of the Vendian soft-bodied organisms still is being disputed, despite the long history of the study. In particular, circular forms are considered to be colonies of the protozoa, sponges, cyanobionts and coelenterata. We proceeded from the assumption that the allometric relation between the total body diameter and diameter of the gastral cavity must be characteristic for coelenteratas. In order to check whether is likely that the Vendian sessile circular forms were close to coelenteratas, we studied the ratio between dimensional characters in Tirasiana Palij 1976. Imprints (positive hyporelief) of Тіrasiana consist of two superimposed discs, internal and external. Respectively, two characters (internal diameter and external diameter) have been studied. Computations were performed using the program R v. 3. 4. 2 (RCoreTeam, 2017) and the package gvlma v. 1. 0. 0. 3 ( Pena and Slate, 2019 ).
It has been shown that the relationship between internal and external diameters of the body of Tirasiana is linear. The model of linear regression for the inner diameter has been calculated on the basis of the log-transformed data. The results do not prove the hypothesis of the allometric ratio between dimensional parameters in Tirasiana; on the contrary, a strict linearity and isometry of these parameters has been shown.
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