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16th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment
- Conference date: November 15-18, 2022
- Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
- Published: 15 November 2022
1 - 20 of 226 results
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The Centralized Water Supply of Kyiv Is 150 Years Old (1872–2022) - the Importance of the Dnipro and Desna Rivers
Authors V. K. Khilchevskyi, L. V. Plichko and M. R. ZabokrytskaSummaryThe publication reflects the role of the Dnipro and Desna rivers in the water supply of Kyiv. In 2022, the Kyiv water supply system, built in 1872 with water intake from the Dnipro River, will be 150 years old. During this time, the role of the Dnipro changed - the share of groundwater in the water supply of the city grew, and subsequently the Desna River. In 1939, the Dnipro waterworks was built, which is still in operation today (design capacity 600 thousand m3/day). In 1961 the Desnianska waterworks was built (1080 thousand m3/day). The design capacity of the artesian water pipeline is 420 thousand m3/day.
In recent years, the average daily water supply in Kyiv is 700–720 thousand m3/day. The share of city water supply sources is as follows: Desna River - 66%; the Dnipro River - 25%; artesian waters - 9%. The highest specific indicator of the use of drinking water in Kyiv per capita was in 1991 - 588 l/day/person. Calculations show that in 2020 it decreased by 2.7 times. (219 l/day/person). An important role was played by the increase in tariffs for water supply.
The centralized water supply of the city also implies a centralized sewage disposal system. The Bortnitska aeration station, which built in 1965, receives 100% of the city’s wastewater with the discharge of treated wastewater in the Dnipro River below Kyiv. The Dnipro and Desna rivers play an extraordinary role in the water supply of the capital. The Dnipro remains the hydrographic axis of Kyiv.
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Regularities of Changes in the Recreation Ecosystems’ Quality Parameters in Space
Authors L. Arkhypova, M. Korchemluk, L. Horoshkova, Ie. Khlobystov and Yu. StakhmychSummaryOur study of the Danube hydro-ecosystems of the Carpathian region using of the integrated natural water quality assessment resulted in obtaining the functional dependencies between quality indicator and altitude. For the first time, the regularities of changes in the ecosystems’ quality parameters in space were established by means of developing functional dependences among the ecological standard values of the composite quality indicators of natural waters and the river length and terrain altitude, and performing the statistical processing of the database containing the results of the quality monitoring observations of the upper reaches of the Danube ecosystems in the Ukrainian Carpathians for the period from begin 21 st. The obtained dependencie and map can be used for the Carpathian region as the territorial background standard values of the ecological state indicators of basin ecosystems, which will help to scientifically substantiate the ecologically safe values of the anthropogenic pressure.
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Optimization of Geoecological Monitoring in the Post-War Period
Authors V. Samoilenko, L. Bilous, O. Havrylenko and I. DibrovaSummaryAn optimized architecture of geoecological monitoring (GEM) was developed for the postwar period, based on the studied regularities of the stochastic structure inherent in various natural geosystems and the analyzed methods of observing their state. Geoecological monitoring is generally considered as a multi-purpose model geoinformation system with a corresponding physical network for observing, evaluating and forecasting the state of natural geosystems with the creation and maintenance of spatial data bases with factographic geoecological information. The purpose of GEM functioning is identification of sources causing geo-negative, in particular war-induced, impact on geosystems and supporting the adoption of post-war geo-rehabilitation and environmental decisions. The content of functional, taxon and different-level structural subsystems of geoecological monitoring is outlined. Peculiarities of taxon and functional categories of geomonitoring, as well as its types and modes, are given. A specific detail of the geomonitoring architecture is the presence of a criterion sub-unit, which contains classification features for choosing the composition and priority of any subsystems of such monitoring in the post-war period. These features include the rank and type of natural geosystems, dominant sources of anthropogenic, in particular, military impact on geosystems, and other functional-operational features. Criteria for the geoecological monitoring effectiveness are formulated.
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Characteristics of Monitoring and Mitigation of Water Resources Clay Particles Pollution by ζ-Potential Research
Authors A. P. Onanko, O. P. Dmytrenko, T. M. Pinchuk-Rugal, Y. A. Onanko, D. V. Charnyi and A. A. KuzmychSummaryHostilities leads to damage or destruction of hydrotechnical structures, as well as riverbeds are disturbance. This leads to turbidity of clay particles contained in surface waters. As a result, the load on sewage treatment plants increases, which can also be damaged as a result of hostilities. This leads to a deterioration in the level of providing the civilian population with clean water. A mathematical model of clay particles monitoring and retention by polystyrene foam from an aqueous suspension due to the phenomenon of electrostatic adsorption has been developed. Its adequacy was checked using experimental studies of the ζ-potential of the adsorbent and adsorbate. The factors affecting intensity of the process of water purification from clay particles at different year seasons by filtration through granular media have been studied and analyzed. The effectiveness of polystyrene foam at different stages of the process of filtering an aqueous suspension containing clay particles was investigated. The dependence of the intensity of retention of colloids of mineral origin by polystyrene foam filter media granules on the value of their ζ-potential was determined.
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Contribution of Individual Organic Mass Components in Carbonization and Metamorphic Transformations of Coals
Authors V. Tarasov, M. Antoshchenko, Y. Rudniev, T. Khalyavka and O. ZakharovaSummaryRanking the main components of organic mass by them fraction participation in carbonization allowed to determine narrower ranges of carbon change, where distinguishing features of seven stages of metamorphic transformations were established. The relationship between the direct change in the content of organic mass components and the fraction of their influence on the metamorphic transformations of coals was established, which will increase the level of predicting the dangerous properties of mine layers. The distinguishing features of metamorphic transformations in selected ranges of carbon content increase according to coal ranking by content of component of organic mass elemental composition were established. The relationships of organic mass components, which are one of the main criteria for dangerous characterization of mine layers during mining were noted. It was showed, that the choice of parameters that determine the produce of mine layers dangerous properties should be based on principles that differ from the regilations of the modern classification by genetic and technological parameters.
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Developing the Ukrainian Hydrological Terminology as a Component of Water-Related Activity and its Integration with the International Professional Community
Authors V. O. Manukalo and V. V. GrebinSummaryThe important factor that determines a level of professional training of specialists in various fields of activity is a mastery of scientific terminology. The formation of the Ukrainian scientific language took place under unfavorable conditions of statelessness, which for a long time made a formation of a national scientific terminology impossible. Since the period of the Ukrainian Independence significant works have been carried out in the country on the development of scientific terminology in the field of activities related to a study, use and protection of surface waters. However, providing scientists and practitioners with scientific and reference literature, which expand using boundaries of the Ukrainian language and contribute to an inclusion of international established terms in the national terminology system, lags behind today’s requirements. The article briefly describes the history of formation and work on developing the Ukrainian scientific terminology in hydrology and hydrochemistry, which has been carried out at the Department of Hydrology and Hydroecology of the Faculty of Geography of the Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University and at the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, in particular, the publication of the Hydrological Dictionary (2022) and the Hydrochemical Dictionary (2022) and work on a new edition of the State Standard of Ukraine “Hydrology of the Land. Basic terms and definitions”.
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Influence of the Rock Anisotropy Index on the Regime and Technological Parameters of Drilling
Authors Ya. M. Femiak, Ya. M. Kochkodan, A. I. Vasko, L. R. Yurych and Kh. A. VaskoSummaryOn the basis of the conducted analytical studies, a dependence for determining the drilling anisotropy index when drilling in inclined formations was obtained. The drilling index of anisotropy was analytically determined based on industrial data for different deposits and areas. Based on the results of experimental studies of the strength characteristics of rock samples, the drilling index of anisotropy was determined. Analyzing the results of laboratory studies, it was found that the values of the drilling anisotropy index, determined experimentally, practically coincide with those calculated analytically. With a known drilling anisotropy index, bottomhole assembly, well geometry, and formation inclination, the WOB can be determined.
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Environmental Sustainability: Economical and Organizational Aspects of WEF Nexus
Authors L. Kuzmych and A. YakymchukSummaryThe relationship between the main components of the life chain - water-energy-consumption according to the concept of environmental sustainability was investigated. According to the analysis, the balance between production and consumption is disturbed in the world, which is caused by wars, economic recession, poverty, and in some countries, famine. The Russian war aggression in Ukraine had a devastating effect on the supply of grain and other crops to countries that are still developing. All this indicates the need for new ways of obtaining food, new technologies for water purification and economy of consumption in the world. Humanity needs solutions to such vital problems as drinking water and food. After all, their lack affects the state of health of the population, increasing the level of morbidity and epidemics, including during the spread of a pandemic. The economic costs of improving water and energy supply are steadily increasing, both in poor and developed countries. Therefore, cooperation of all states and their governments in forming the water-energy- food balance is important today.
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The Study of Group of Shatsk Lakes (BNDVI index) During the Season of Minimum Recreational Load - 2022
Authors V. K. Khilchevskyi, L. V. Plichko, M. R. Zabokrytska and M. P. PasichnykSummaryThis study is devoted to the study of the state of the surface of the Svityaz and Pisochne lakes in the summer of 2022, when due to the military aggression of Russia against Ukraine (began on February 24, 2022) and the threat of attack from Belarus, the smallest influx of tourists to the Shatsk Lakes was observed in recent decades. The purpose of the study is study the distribution of phytoplankton biomass in the Svityaz and Pisochne lakes in the summer period of 2022 and compare it with the long-term period (1993–2021) using the Blue Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (BNDVI). This is achieved through the ratio of spectral bands highlighting areas covered with algae on the surface of the water in satellite images. The study of the state of the surface of the water area of the Svityaz and Pisochne lakes using BNDVI for 1993–2022 showed the presence of phytoplankton biomass on satellite images of the summer period. In 2022, with a significant decrease in the number of tourists, the state of the surface of the water area improved. On Svityaz, there was a decrease in the area occupied by algae by 55% comparing to the average annual, and on Pisochne - by 31%. The study of the surface of the water area of lakes in summer using the BNDVI can be recommended as a method for preliminary assessment of the ecological state of aquatic ecosystems.
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Geoecological Monitoring of Urban Wetlands for the Purpose of their Protection (by the Case of Sovski Ponds in Kyiv)
Authors O. Havrylenko, Ye. Tsyhanok, P. Shyshchenko, V. Samoilenko and L. BilousSummaryThe purpose of this study is to identify the causes of degradation and the main stress factors of urban impact on the wetlands of the Sovky tract in the city Kyiv and to justify the need of creating a protected area there. In order to achieve the goal, we investigated the geoecological state of the tract for ten years, analysed 100 water samples from Sovski ponds, identified the main sources of contamination of reservoirs and adjacent territory and proposed the urgent measures to restore and preserve valuable urban wetlands. During the research, we revealed a steady trend of increasing concentrations of nitrites (NO2-N), nitrates (NO3-N) and phosphates (PO4) in Sovski ponds. It was established that the main sources of contamination of reservoirs by biogenic substances are the untreated storm sewer drains and motor-car washings located along nearly the entire perimeter of the Sovky tract. During the studied period, the stress factors of the urban impact on wetland ecosystems were strengthening systematically, that stipulated the increase of chemical and noise contamination, clogging with household and construction waste, disturbance of the soil cover and destruction of natural habitats of plants and animals. In order to stop the degradation and to preserve the unique urban wetlands, we have offered to include them in the complement of the Nature Reserve Fund of Kyiv, in particular, to create a Regional Landscape Park within the studied territory. We drew up a functional zoning scheme of the proposed protected area in the Sovky tract based on the geoecological monitoring results, that will provide its protection from the potential building, clogging and further degradation.
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Environmental Management of Local Communities Based on Energy Modernization in the Field of Housing and Communal Services
Authors M. Bieloborodova, A. Bessonova, S. Bessonova and L. YurchishinaSummaryThe issue of outdoor lighting improvement to reduce the environmental burden in industrial cities and is explored. It is proposed to substantiate the expediency of outdoor lighting networks energy modernization (on the example of Kamianske, Dnipro region) in order to provide city residents with quality outdoor lighting services, increase public safety by effectively illuminating urban space, reducing environmental impact (i.e., reducing light pollution and CO2 emissions into the atmosphere) by optimizing the consumption of energy resources. The previous socio-economic conditions and the volume of energy consumption of the city during 2012–2020 were studied. In order to substantiate the economic efficiency of the project, electrical measurements were used in outdoor lighting control units, measurements of the illumination level of the representative streets were held. Energy modernization with the transfer of outdoor lighting to renewable energy sources (solar panels) with the installation of remotely controlled LED lamps will reduce the actual energy consumption of the city network by 6–7 times, while reducing the estimated emissions of CO2 by 6,215 tons per year. It has been determined that the implementation of the project will save up to 1.8 GW of electricity in street lighting systems compared to the expected total consumption.
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Organic Pollutants Removal from Wastewater in Rubizhne City, Ukraine
Authors I. A. Farbun, I. A. Kovalchuk, T. A. Khalyavka, M. M. Tsyba and S. V. CamyshanSummaryA significant excess of the permissible concentrations limit of nitro- and amino products, phenols, mineral salts at the surface and underground waters near the Rubizhne city was determined. It is related with the tailings of the aniline enterprise «Rubizhansky Krasitel». The sorption method was proposed for the removal organic dyes from «Rubizhansky» waste collector wastewater. For this purpose the low-cost materials – clay minerals of the Cherkasy deposit of Ukraine montmorillonite (MMT) and palygorskite (PG) were used. MMT and PG were modified by quaternary ammonium cation hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA). It was found by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption that the clays modification leads to the decrease of the specific surface area. At the same time, the micropores are almost completely filled and the structure of the samples is meso- and macroporous. It was found that natural MMT and PG are not suitable for the removal of organic pollutants from wasterwater, the treatment efficiency is 4.8% and 5.9%, respectively. Modification of MMT and PG by HDTMA leads to significant (16–19 times) increase of sorption capacity, the purification efficiency is 91.6% and 96.5%. Thus, the modified HDTMA clay minerals montmorillonite and palygorskite are promising adsorbents for successful wasterwater purification from organic pollutants.
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Assessment of Seasonal and Long-term Dynamics of the State of Water Bodies Using the NDTI
Authors L. Plichko, V. Zatserkovnyi, I. Tsiupa, N. Tarasova and A. MienasovaSummaryThe paper considers studies of the Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI) used to assess the state of water bodies in the Chernihiv region. As a result of assessing the seasonal and long-term dynamics of the state of Starukha Lake and the Blyznytsay Pond using the NDTI was found that during 2015–2021 natural eutrophication processes occurred due to an increase in temperature in the summer months, silting of both water bodies, shallowing and overgrowing of the bog vegetation. The use of remote methods for studying the dynamics of the state of water bodies is a good alternative to field measurements, since they can record both spatial and temporal changes in the levels of turbidity in water bodies.
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River Basins Districts of Ukraine – Comparison with the Map of Russia’s Armed Aggression (Summer 2022)
Authors V. K. Khilchevskyi, V. V. Grebin and H. V. BolbotSummaryPresident of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyi noted that as of June 2, 2022, the Russian troops controlled about 20% of the territory of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to assess - which Ukrainian river basin districts or their parts had been falling into the territory controlled by the Russian troops in summer 2022? A hydrographic zoning of the territory of Ukraine and an interactive map of the Institute for the Study of War (USA) were used for the research. As of August 1, 2022, out of the 9 river basin districts in Ukraine some territories were occupied. The River Basin District of the Crimea (since 2014) and the River Basin District of the Sea of Azov coast (since March 2022) entirely remained in the territory controlled by the Russian troops. It was determined that about 69% of the Don River Basin District, 22% of the River Basin District of the Black Sea coast and 6% of the Dnieper River Basin District were occupied as of the beginning of August.
Of the large rivers in the territory controlled by the Russian troops in summer 2022, a significant part of the Siverskyi Donets River Basin (Donbas region) was revealed. From among the canals, there were fully occupied the North Crimean and the Kakhovka Main Canals and a part of the Siverskyi Donets-Donbas Canal. Among the large reservoirs, there was invaded the lower part of the Kakhovka Reservoir (with the HPP).
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Cold Waves in Ukraine in Cold Season 2011–2020
Authors D. B. Pinchuk and V. I. ZatulaSummaryCold waves are dangerous natural phenomena affecting human activity. The purpose of work is the analysis of the characteristics of the current cold waves in Ukraine. The main research method is a climatological analysis of a significant decrease in air temperature during the cold season of 2011–2020. The main results were obtained on the basis of an analysis of the deviation of average daily air temperatures from the climatological normal of 1981–2010. The quantitative characteristics of cold waves are presented in a context of 10 cities of Ukraine.
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Methods of Applying the Theoretical-Empirical Predictive Technique for Increase the Efficiency of Hydrocarbon Exploration and Extraction
Authors L. V. Skakalska, A. V. Nazarevych and V. I. KosarchynSummaryThe general characteristics of the theoretical-empirical technique for predicting rocks’ oil-and-gas bearing in wells’ sections developed by us and the methods of its application for increase the efficiency of hydrocarbon exploration and extraction are presented. The technique is built as a system of theoretical and empirical relationships with the involvement of acoustic logging and core research data. Variants of predictive technique have been developed using gamma logging, electric logging and offset data. The program-algorithmic complex for a computer realization of the developed technique is created in the Fortran, C# and Excel software environments. Testing of the technique was carried out on the data of sections of a number of wells for the Lishchyns’ka, Buchachs’ka, Ludyns’ka, Zaluzhans’ka, Zarichnyans’ka, Nyklovyts’ka structures of the Western oil and gas region (WOGR) of Ukraine and reliable predicting results were obtained. Among the directions of the further development of the technique, methods of its application are presented for the assessment of fracturing and the determination of rock types in the layers of wells’ sections, which are important for predicting the oil and gas capacity and for further effective extraction of hydrocarbons. The results of the application of the technique are illustrated on the examples of data for 3- Buchats’ka, 28- Nyklovyts’ka wells and data from the parametric database for rock-collectors of the Western Ukraine.
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Assessment of the Possible Impact of Wind Generator Fire on the Environment
Authors Y. V. Ballo, A. V. Mykhailova, D.V. Sereda, I. G. Stylyk and O. O. SizikovSummaryA study of the assessment of the potential impact of a fire on the environment from a wind power generator in the event of an emergency situation, accompanied by its destruction with oil leakage, is presented. The initial data for the implementation of the scenario of a natural fire study were substantiated and the criteria for dangerous effects on the ecosystem were determined. On the basis of the real project and design parameters of the wind power generator, FDS simulation of the thermal impact on the environment in the event of the destruction of its support with subsequent spillage and burning of lubricant was carried out. The verification of the obtained theoretical temperature distributions in the soil and the obtained data based on the results of the field experiment was carried out, on the basis of which general conclusions were drawn. The verification of the obtained theoretical temperature distributions in the soil and the obtained data based on the results of the field experiment was carried out, on the basis of which general conclusions were drawn.
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The Results of Complex Geophysical Research Aimed at Increasing the Potential and Capacity of the Znamyansky Water Intake in the Kirovohrad Region
Authors G. Kalashnyk and A. KalashnykSummaryThe results of complex geophysical research on the site of works aimed at increasing the potential and capacity of the Znamyansky water intake are presented. A rational complex of geophysical research methods for searching for underground water is substantiated. Based on the results of the interpretation of geophysical data, recommendations were developed regarding the location of the optimal drilling points for additional exploratory and operational hydrogeological wells on the site of the works.
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Satellite and Hybrid Systems for Monitoring, Risk Minimization and Prevention
Authors O. Pidchosa and A. HundaSummaryThis paper discusses a concept of a sophisticated hybrid monitoring system, its core application and technological solutions. The operating model of the proposed system comprises such processes as collecting, transmitting, combining and processing data; transferring the aggregated data to consumers for further use.
A modular design principle enables optimization of production and operating costs of a data collection system; involvement of multiple channels of information transmission depending on the purposes and nature of the task to be performed. Modern drones and robots with a range of advanced characteristics (e.g., special optics, night vision systems, different sensors, etc.) installed for customized purposes, as well as orbital constellations of nanosatellites, can contribute to the improvement of operations, the quality and accuracy of data and the productivity of the entire hybrid system.
In the context of data transmission capabilities via a satellite channel, the Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is discussed. The principle of decentralization implies the establishment of a network of stations and drones interacting with each other without connecting to WiFi or a cellular network. A collaborative calculation feature of the proposed hybrid system enables the detection of dangerous phenomena and improvement of forecast accuracy, which is crucial for preventive measures and disaster management. Based on a cost-benefit analysis and economic, social and environmental implications, the authors consider a public-private partnership within the development of the proposed hybrid system an economically feasible solution.
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Application of GIS Methods and LANDSAT Satellite Data in Studies of Recreational Urban Space of Kyiv
Authors T. Kupach and S. DemianenkoSummaryThe landscape approach in the organization of urban spaces takes into account the principle of eco-friendliness. The ecological context of the organization of urban space refers to overcoming stressful climatic anomalies, which determines the preservation of areas with green plants, which become islands of freshness and comfort for citizens. The comfort of the urban environment is invested in understanding the improvement of health and recreation centers. In fact, all available areas with green plants (with the exception of those set aside for the protection zones of industrial and strategically important objects) become recreational areas of Kyiv: parks, forest and meadows parks, public squares and home grounds, strips of green plants along transport arteries such as boulevards and rest islands on the roads. Simple methods and procedures of GIS, satellite data of remote sensing of the earth’s surface allow monitoring of the urban environment for the purpose of its improvement and safety. The object of this research is the territory of the city of Kyiv for the purpose of GIS analysis of urban environmental characteristics of the city environment. Visualization of NDVI and LST indicates significant spatial differences in temperature distribution: Kyiv’s thermal contrasts are caused by the variegation of the earth’s surface. Land cover types correlate with the functions of city spaces. The highest temperature indicators are characterized by zones connected by continuous construction, industrial use, transport junctions, which is related to their emission properties than types of vegetation covers. At the same time, areas with vegetation, especially natural forests and water bodies, have reduced temperature indicators, which generally improves the urban microclimate.
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