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Monitoring 2019
- Conference date: November 12-15, 2019
- Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
- Published: 12 November 2019
81 - 100 of 110 results
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MORPHOSTRUCTURAL POSITION OF “MEZHYRITSKYI CAPE”: GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors S. Bortnyk, O. Kovtoniuk and N. PohorilchukSummaryThe article deals with the unique morphostructural position of “Mezhyritskyi Cape”, which in late Paleolithic was the location of the mammoth hunters’ site. The Cape forms the site of merger of the Ros and Rosava rivers between two neotectonically active regions of the dislocation of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary cover, which are expressed in the relief of the Kaniv Mountains and Moshnohirsk ridge. This is a complex morphostructural unit — a place of intersection of multi-order linear morphostructures and interference of morphostructures of the central type. It was formed as a result of a long and complex transformation of active tectonic factors that controlled the course of exogenous relief-forming processes on the earth’s surface. The latter, together with the climatic characteristics of the territory, controlled the landscape structure of the land, which primitive people used for their needs. The triangular shape of the cape and the rivers on both sides made it a convenient and optimal location both in terms of farming and security. The geodynamic activity of this small terrain, which was expressed in the formation of the morphostructural unit here, led to the localization of activities of the ancient man exactly in this place.
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AN ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT OF MECHANICAL STABILITY CONDITIONS FOR NATURAL SOILS USING CORE DATA FROM GUSAR-DIVICHI TECTONIC ZONE
Authors H. Guliyev and A. HasanovSummaryArticle describes detailed analytical review of influences different types of deformation processes, from elastic deformation to plastic fracture, which could cause secondary changes of primary inter granular porosity and fluids permeability of soils.
Was revealed that the mechanical stability of soils can be determined by calculating the gravitational forces existing in a specific volume of sediment, relative to the friction forces. In this case size of the rock-forming grains, values of inter granular friction, and the pore water content acquire decisive importance. The latter circumstance, respectively, is characterized by the natural porosity of the rocks, the packing density of the grains, and pore pressure.
It was revealed also, that the fine-grained soils sediments, such as clay, have a significant amount of inter granular friction and this often prevents clay deposits from sliding, even with low inter granular friction. However, if in clay the pore pressure approaches the weight of the overlying deposits, then the friction component of the slip approaches zero. Therefore, clay, silt and fine-grained sand are the most liquefied fractions and can generate “liquefied streams”.
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MAPPING OF THE SOIL MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY FOR THE EROSION PROCESSES MODELING
Authors O. Kruglov and O. MenshovSummaryThe crucial aim of the present study is to investigate the possibility of using soil magnetic susceptibility (MS) for the correction of the results of erosion modelling. The studies were performed on the example of the typical chernozems of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. We used the magnetic techniques, agrochemical, statistical, and mathematical modelling of the erosion processes. The example of the chernozem soil studies illustrated the possibility of using soil magnetic susceptibility data for the improving and correction of the results of mathematical modelling of the erosion processes. According to the obtained data we recommended to include the magnetic susceptibility measurement to the algorithm of the calculation of the soil coefficients. The soil erosion models are related to the distribution of MS values.
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PLISNESK ARCHEOLOGICAL COMPLEX. SOME RESULTS OF MAGNETOMETRY PROSPECTION
Authors R. Kuderavets, I. Chobotok, O. Menshov, V. Shelep and A. FylypchukSummaryThe results of the magnetic studying over two archaeological excavations at the territory of the “Ancient Plisnesk” historical and cultural reserve are presented. According to the magnetic data, the anomalous of the magnetic field were detected. The studying of soils, sediments, and archaeological materials were performed at the western wall of the excavation. The most magnetic horizon in the section of the excavation wall is at the interval of 40–65 cm, where black loams, burnt clay layers with orange colour were identified. Mineralogical composition of the top soil is more complicated according to the influence of the pedogenic magnetic material. The deep clays include big amount of the paramagnetic material. We proposed the search criteria for some archaeological objects based on the magnetic field indications. The high efficiency of magnetometry to identify and delineate historical monuments from different periods before the start of archaeological excavations on the territory of the Plisnesk archaeological complex was proved.
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WIND POWER STATIONS CONSTRUCTION IN THE MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENT. PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF COMBINING SOIL MAGNETIC AND HYDROGEOLOGICAL METHODS FOR THE RISK ASSESSMENT IN UKRAINE
Authors O. Menshov, O. Shevchenko and R. KuderavetsSummaryWind power stations has been the subject of dramatically increasing interest in recent years. Wind power generation technology is now relatively mature, with annual generation amounting to 640 TWh, accounting for less than 3% of the world’s total energy consumption. Recently, we started the studies devoted to the environmental risk assessment of the wind power station constriction at the Borzhava in Carpathian Mountaions is Ukraine. The impact of wind power stations on the environment is not sufficiently studied yet. There is practically little experience in constructing and operating wind power stations at the high mountain valleys (1400–1700 m). The crucial aim of the present study is to consider the preliminary soil magnetic measurements and hydrological modelling based on the experience previously obtained at the Carpathian Mountain area in Ukraine.
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RISKS OF DEPLETION OF PHYTODIVERSITY OF HYDROPOWER INSTALLATION INFLUENCE ZONES, INTRODUCTION OF THEIR INTEGRATED ECO-MONITORING AND DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE MEASURES TO MINIMIZE THE NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE SURROUNDING PHYTOSYSTEMS
Authors V. Novosad, O. Scherbakova and K. NovosadSummaryOver the past decade the state has been focusing on renewable natural resources for electricity production, including hydropower. A number of large and small hydroelectric power plants are under construction or at the designing stage. Influence zones of their storage basins bear a number of risks to the surrounding natural landscapes and biodiversity. In particular, they are manifested in the flooding and inundation of natural vegetation communities, their halophytisation, the acceleration of abrasive and landslide processes of the bank line, the phytoinvasion intensification, as well as urban and recreational phenomena intensification. All of this leads to the risk of reduction in species and ectopic phytodiversity, particularly rare ones included into regional, national and international conservation programs. For each hydropower installation researchers develop a special program for scientific study of indigenous and adventive phytodiversity, ecotopological differentiation and synantropization, and implement a system for phytomonitoring of natural species, population and ectopic diversity. Based on the evidence found for the technogenic storage basin influence zones, they develop a system of effective measures for the conservation of rare phytodiversity, creation of a number of nature reserves and reduction of invasive species expansion. The purpose of the rare and invasive plant species population monitoring program is the following: the comprehensive population analysis of rare, vulnerable, endangered and expansive invasive species of vascular plants in the regional flora, and, on its basis, the development of effective conservation measures for rare species and an action plan to regulate the number and expansion of individual adventive plant species having a harmful effect on humans and causing biological pollution of natural phytosystems.
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INFLUENCE OF REDOX CONDITIONS ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES
Authors V. Ponomar, T. Antonenko, M. Bahmut, O. Vyshnevskyi and O. BrikSummaryMagnetite is a common mineral in soils that can be both pedogenic and lithogenic in origin. However, magnetite is unstable in environment and can undergo various changes in structure and magnetic properties, which in turn affects the magnetic properties of soils. These changes are quite diverse and depend on temperature, time, redox conditions, etc. In this work, the transformation of magnetite nanoparticles by heating under oxidizing and reducing conditions was experimentally investigated by thermomagnetic analysis and magnetometry. The results showed that the mass magnetization is stable when heated to 500°C. However, there is a marked increase in Curie temperature from 580 to 650°C, which can be explained by the formation of maghemite. When heated above 500°C, the magnetization begins to decrease and reaches its minimum value at 900°C, which indicates the formation of weakly magnetic hematite. In addition, an unknown phase with a Curie temperature of 420°C appears at 500–900°C. Under reducing conditions, magnetite’s magnetization moderately increases, suggesting the partial reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II), which results in improved stoichiometry. The results obtained provide new data on transformation pathways of magnetite/maghemite nanoparticles, which can occur in soils and crucially affect their magnetic properties.
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RECONSTRUCTION OF SURVIVAL CURVES IN THE STUDY OF SOFT-BODY ORGANISMS’ NATURE AND LIVING CONDITIONS FROM UPPER VENDIAN DEPOSITS IN THE MIDDLE DNIESTER AREA
By A. MienasovaSummaryTirasiana Palij’s imprints were investigated by statistical methods. These imprints belong to radially symmetric organisms and are found in Vendian deposits of Middle Dnister area, Ural and White Sea. “Survival curves” was created from a sample of 29 specimens. It was proved that they are similar to curves of fairly highly organized species, which are characterized by care for progeny and the save of experience during the adult stages of ontogenesis. This seems unlikely, since we consider that they are the oldest non-skeletal sedentary Metazoa. The main factor controlling the organism final size was the periodic flow of a large amount of terrigenous deposits into the basin, which buried the benthic settlements in the sublittoral zone. A longer life time was provided to those specimens who found themselves in well-protected (for example, some brow or bay bar) parts of the water area. Giant sizes of “medusoids” (up to 1 m), known at some locations, can indirectly confirm this assumption. The predominance of small imprints suggests that reproduction occurred synchronously and was confined, like all species, to the most favorable and safe period (probably the dry season).
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MONITORING OF THE MICROBIOLOGICAL CONDITION OF VIRGIN CHERNOZEM UNDER DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT
Authors O. Tonkha, O. Pikovska, A. Balaev, G. Kovalyshyna, V. Zavgorodniy and V. KovalenkoSummaryThe monitoring of soil conditions in the present conditions is becoming increasingly important because of the increasing of anthropogenic impact on the soil, including intensive agricultural use. We investigated the chernozems typical of the “Mikhailivska Tsilyna” reservation and the chernozems ordinary of the “Khomutovsky Steppe” reservation, as well as their plowed analogues, soils under forest strips, etc. For this purpose, methods of laboratory analyses of soil samples were used to determine microbiological parameters (according to D.G. Zvyagintsev). After the ratio between the number of microorganisms that use mineral forms of nitrogen to those decomposing organic forms of nitrogen the coefficient of mineralization - immobilization was calculated. According to the coefficient of immobilization-mineralization, it is established that agricultural use of chernozems leads to intensive transformation of organic matter. This is a prerequisite for reducing the intensity of use of chernozem soils reducing the depth of their cultivation.
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ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT IN THE OLD-ARABLE SOILS OF THE UKRAINIAN POLISSIA FOREST ECOSYSTEMS
Authors S.P. Raspopina, V.V. Degtyarjov, P.I. Trofymenko, N.V. Trofimenko and V.I. ZatserkovnyiSummaryThe results of studies on the content of organic carbon in the block “phytodetrite - soil” of forest ecosystems in Zhytomyr and Chernihiv Polissia are presented in the paper. It is shown that under the conditions of water irrigation regime and predominance of coniferous vegetation the process of humus accumulation in old-arable sod-podzolic soils of automorphic type due to their sand granulometry (average particle content <0.01 mm - 6.8 %) is characterized by low intensity. The thickness of the profile humus portion is 18 ± 1.3 cm, the humus distribution is sharply falling with the depth - from 1.4% in He-horizon to 0.19 in Ph horizon. The carbon content in the automorphic soils is on average 0.74%, its stocks are 33.9 t / ha and in hydromorphic organogenic soils it increases to 18.1% and 168.9 t / ha, respectively. It is determined that the carbon content in the pine forest litter is quite stable and equals to 40 ± 1.4%, while its stocks range within 30–33 t / ha.
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LAND CONVERSION INFLUENCE MONITORING FOR CO2 EMISSIONS ESTIMATION IN UKRAINE
Authors P.I. Trofymenko, V.V. Lyashenko, O.A. Tymoshchuk and N.V. TrofimenkoSummaryThis paper shows the results of in-country estimation of CO2 emissions for the period 1990–2017 and investigates the level of land conversion influence on the intensity of carbon dioxide emission or assimilation. It is shown that the most significant impact on the emission-assimilation balance is cause by the transformation of settlements and other lands into forest land, grassland and cropland. The research findings indicate a significant impact of land use type and management practices on the amount of organic carbon emitted from and sequestered by the soil, depending on their affiliation to certain lands. Determined that the revealed changes in the land structure are aimed at their gradual transformation from land with high anthropogenic load, primarily cropland, to conditionally stable land: forest land, grassland, which includes shrubs and wetlands. It is determined that for the studied period the total balance of two mutually opposite processes (emission and assimilation) is formed in favor of atmospheric decarbonisation and amounts to 68712.17 kt (13.6 kg/ha/year−1). It is shown that the conversion of various lands into forest land has had a significant effect on carbon dioxide binding and atmospheric purification, respectively, 47851.18 kt (177 kg/ha/year−1).
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AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF THE APPLICATION OF MINERAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON DRIED POLISH TERRACE SOILS
Authors V.I. Zatserkovnyi, N.V. Tsuman, P.I. Trofymenko, O.I. Bondar and A.D. BalayevSummaryThe influence of application of mineral and organic fertilizers on the productivity of crops on organogenic dried soils under climatic conditions of the Polissia region of Ukraine is considered. During the millennia of biocenosis and soil, nature and life have been maintained in nature. All living organisms are directly or partially interconnected. On this basis, we can conclude that soil is a sustainable living ecosystem. After the emergence in 1840 of Liebig’s scientific work entitled “Chemistry for use in agriculture” the theory of mineral nutrient regime of the soil emerged. It belongs to inorganic chemistry. The followers of this theory have also proved that plant nutrition is due to the complete decomposition (mineralization) of organic matter. It is known that the nutrient regime of the soil is formed due to the decomposition of organic mass. Of great importance is the particle size distribution, agrochemical and physical and other soil characteristics. According to scientists, the main chemical elements in plant nutrition are: carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, calcium, chlorine, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron and others. Some types of plants absorb more: iodine, aluminum, manganese.
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USAGE OF GIS DURING THE MONITORING OF WASTES UTILIZATION AND SAVING
More LessSummaryThe problem of wastes utilization is one of the global problems of mankind. Environmental studies conducted during the recent decades in many countries around the world have shown that the growing destructive effects of anthropogenic factors on the environment have brought it to the brink of crisis. Continuous environmental pollution by solid, liquid and gaseous wastes from production and consumption, cause environmental degradation and has recently remained the most pressing environmental problem of social and economic priority. Effective monitoring of dynamically developing natural-technical systems requires reliable and up-to-date data about objects and processes in their territories, as well as advanced technologies of accumulation, processing and submission of information. Today the most objective and capacious source of spatial and semantic information about the state of the Earth’s surface and its objects are the Earth’s Remote Sensing materials. Effective monitoring of dynamically developing natural-technical systems requires reliable and up-to-date data about objects and processes in their territories, as well as advanced technologies of accumulation, processing and submission of information. Today the most objective and capacious source of spatial and semantic information about the state of the Earth’s surface and its objects are the Earth’s Remote Sensing materials.
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GROUND AND SPACE COMPLEX MONITORING OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC PHENOMENA AND DISASTERS
Authors O. Liashchuk, Yu. Andrushchenko, P. Topolnytskyi, A. Poikhalo and V. MamarievSummaryWars and local conflicts, nuclear weapons testing, the abuse of natural resources, greenhouse gases, forest fires, accidents at critical infrastructure facilities - all these are incomplete anthropogenic factors affecting the environment. An increase in population density and infrastructural complications make humanity increasingly sensitive to natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and hurricanes. All this leads to constant challenges and threats to the national interests of states in the field of security and defense. Ukraine is no exception. To make timely decisions to prevent negative environmental changes and comply with environmental safety requirements, environmental monitoring systems are being introduced. Integration of monitoring types allows increasing its efficiency, operativeness and reliability. The first steps to creating such a complex system are carried out at the National Center for Control and Testing of Space Facilities (NCCTSF), combining methods of remote sensing of the Earth with ground-based geophysical methods of special control. Information received and processed as soon as possible is provided to state bodies. However, complex processing has not yet become everyday practice, although its relevance is constantly increasing. Possibilities of using monitoring methods during military depots explosions are shown.
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GEOINFORMATION SYSTEM OF MONITORING AND DECISION MAKING SUPPORT IN THE CONDITIONS OF HYBRIDIZATION OF MODERN WARFARE
Authors V. Loza, M. Kubiavka, M. Nikiforov, V. Zlatnikov and O. PrylipkoSummaryThe development of the direction of modern civilization depends on the global transformation of information resources and the means of their use in all regions of the world. Recently, the information industry has become a new branch of the world economy, and has become an integral part of modern processes of globalization, which provides broad access to modern technologies, science and culture, and at the same time affects the transformation of mankind. In military science and practice, it is increasingly marked the tendency of the transition of the modern war to the strategies of indirect asymmetric actions, based on a combination of military efforts with political, economic and informational methods of influence on the enemy for solving problems previously solved mainly by direct military methods.
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ESTIMATION OF INFORMATIVE PARAMETERS OF SIGNALS OF MORTAR EXPLOSIONS
Authors A.A. Lukiyanchuk, P.A. Savkov, I.V. Pampukha, H.A. Pidnebesna and O.B. PopkovSummaryThe usage of new long-range, high-precision, all-weather means of destruction, the high mobility of troops, their mobile and decisive actions during combat have increased demands to intelligence. In fact, expanding the phase of active intelligence activities around the clock. Qualitative accomplishment of intelligence tasks is achieved by its early organization, directing efforts of all types of intelligence to accomplish the most important tasks, defining intelligence data by the set deadline, careful studying, making comparison and additional verification of them and if necessary conducting to intelligence. Permanent, stable and solid management of the intelligence units, high level of the intelligence personnel, as well as the usage of the most advanced methods and means of intelligence. A significant role in this task is given to the forces and means of intelligence, which provide the troops with the necessary information.
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THE DEEP LEARNING APPROACH FOR PAN SHARPENING ASTER SWIR DATA
Authors R. Okhrimchuk, I. Tishaiev and V. ZatserkovnyiSummaryMultispectral satellite images are effective for solving a wide range of problems in the various application areas. In particular, ASTER spectroradiometer images recorded in the Short Wave Infra-Red (SWIR) and Thermal Infrared Ranges (TIR) ranges can provide the lithological mapping and mineralogical composition of rocks. The scale of the resulting maps is based on the spatial resolution of the recorded digital images corresponding to the sensor. The ASTER spectroradiometer corresponds to the thematic maps with 1: 100000 - 1: 500000 scales. The goal is to increase the spatial resolution (upsampling) ASTER images in the SWIR and TIR bands with saving their spectral characteristics. The problem is the inability to use most known Pan-Sharpening methods because of ASTER images specification. The stack of imagery does not have the appropriate high spatial resolution panchromatic reference image Using any image (from visible or near-infrared (VNIR) spectral ranges) as a reference is not a good idea because they contain the data captured in the narrow spectral range (only in green, or red, or infrared). Therefore, the applying of standard approaches causing significant distortion of the spectral characteristics of SWIR images after the Pan-Sharpening procedure. In this paper, the main idea is using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Deep Learning techniques for superresolution resampling Aster multispectral imagery. Accuracy assessment of proposed model shows better RMSE metric values (up to 50%) in the spectral characteristics of transformed images, as compared with standard pan-sharpening technics.
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DETECTION OF DEFORESTATION AREAS USING SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors V. Romaniuk, D. Kukhtar, L. Dorosh, Ye. Ripetskyi and S. SerediukSummaryUsing the example of a mountainous cultivated land environment, we have shown the use of Earth Remote Sensing Data (ERS) technology to control the change of forest land area due to logging. It has been proved that the histogram characteristics of the RGB Quick Bird satellite image contain information on changes in forest land structure from “forest land” to “deforestation”. We have found out that due to the different texture of the “forest land” and “deforestation” images, their histogram characteristics, the zones of pixel placement, differ in brightness. An analytical dependence between the dynamics of the areas AS changes at the boundary between “forest land” and “deforestation” and the number of pixels AN per the extremum, is obtained. Its considerably high sensitivity has been shown which allows solving the problems of recording the change of forest land areas in the land resource structure using the characteristics of satellite imagery.
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USE OF REMOTE FIELD MONITORING DATA TO PREDICT YIELDS AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT WHEN GROWING WINTER CROPS
Authors O.A. Furmanets, O.I. Bondar, S.I. Veremeenko, P.I. Trofymenko and D.P. TrofymenkoSummaryThis paper presents the results of studies of the use of Sentinel 2A satellite imagery to control winter wheat vegetation in difficult conditions of a particular field, to predict the true yield of the field in the uneven crop development, or their damage due to adverse meteorological factors. It is established that, based on satellite images of NDVI, it is possible to predict the yield of individual sections of the field and crops in general. It is shown that using generalized performance maps can significantly improve the efficiency of material resources (seeds, mineral fertilizers, fuel) and the overall economic efficiency of crop production. It was found that it is advisable to use a cartogram of average long-term field productivity as a basis for planning differentiated fertilizer application.
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APPLICATION OF DECOMPOSITION METHODS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF PROCESSING OF GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS’ INFORMATION
Authors V. Khilenko, I. Butko and V. TernavsjkaSummaryThe peculiarities of mathematical models of geospatial objects are considered and the choice of mathematical apparatus focused on the study of this class of models is substantiated. Numerical calculations were performed for a number of modelling tasks. The directions of further researches on adaptation of the chosen decomposition method - the method of decreasing order taking into account the specificity of the tasks of processing the information of remote sensing of the Earth are outlined. The model of a geoinformation object, which is in the form of a linearized SDE is proposed to decompose using numerical algorithms which based on Khilenko’s theorem.
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