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XIV International Scientific Conference “Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment”
- Conference date: November 10-13, 2020
- Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
- Published: 10 November 2020
21 - 40 of 92 results
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Using of Caesium-137 for Bottom Sediments’ Accumulation Rates Assessment in the Kuyalnyk Estuary
Authors V.I. Medinets, E.A. Cherkez, S.V. Medinets, T.V. Kozlova, I.E. Soltys, V.G. Soloviev and L.P. FetisovSummaryAssessment of bottom sediments accumulation rate for two areas of the Kuyalnyk Estuary using radionuclide method. Methodology. Standard methods of sediment core sampling and gamma-spectrometric analysis of radionuclides concentration. Results. Based on the results of the studies of 2016, layer-by-layer concentrations of Caesium-137 and other natural radionuclides were determined. Analysis of vertical profiles of Caesium-137 concentrations enabled us to assess, for the first time, the intensity of sediments accumulation in two areas of the Kuyalnyk Estuary for the periods 1962–1986–2016, which later can be used for indicative dating of anomalies in the profiles of natural radionuclides concentrations. Conclusions. It has been shown that in the lower and middle parts of the Kuyalnyk Estuary average rates of sediments accumulation in 1986 – 2016 made 0.8±0.1 mm/year and 1.8±0.2 mm/year respectively. In 1962–1986 average sediments accumulation rate was practically the same in both parts of the estuary and made 1.9±0. mm/year. Average values for the period 1962–2016 made 1.6±0.1 mm/year and 1.8±0.2 mm/year for the lower and middle parts of the estuary respectively. It has been proposed to perform additional mineralogical studies for more precise dating of the sediment layers accumulated before 1962.
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Сase-study. Monitoring deformation of new pipes in soils containing Neogene clay
Authors V. Boiko, V. Boiko, A. Han, T. Khlevniuk and O. ChalaSummaryThe pipelaying in Chernivtsi city, Ukraine, was carried out with a trenchless method at a depth of approximately 5 m in Neogene clay. After completion of the works (in a day) a teleinspection of the pipeline was carried out and it was determined: in the first section the geometry of the pipe was not broken; on the second section - broken: gradual deformation in the vertical plane; on the third section the geometry of the tube is bro-ken: gradual deformation in the horizontal plane; on the fourth section the geometry of the tube is broken: gradual deformation in the horizontal plane. After some time, the second teleinspection was carried out: two branches of the new sewer pipes were deformed practically throughout the whole length of the plots. The ap-proximate value of the residual pressure was at least 0.33 MPa at a depth of 5 m, which was the cause of the deformation of the tubes. High values of pressures, especially horizontal ones, which were registered in many exploring and mine openings in Chernivtsi region of Ukraine, were sometimes ten times higher than those of the vertical pressures. High values of subsidence as a result of shrinkage may be of significant hazard to buildings and structures because the value of average subsidence for brick buildings with reinforced belts should not exceed 15 cm.
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Use of Landsat Space Images to Assess Wildfire Areas in the Dniester Delta in 2010-2020
Authors V. Medinets, T. Pavlik, Ye. Gazyetov, S. Medinets, N. Kovalova, E. Cherkez and T. KozlovaSummaryAssessment of wildfire traces’ area using LANDS AT multispectral satellite images in the Dniester Delta as in general and on the territory of the Lower Dniester NNP in 2010 – 2020. Data and Methods. LandSat 7 and LandSat 8 multispectral satellite images of for 2010–2020 processed with ARCGIS software package have been used to assess the fire traces’ area. Results. Information on the areas of the wildfires observed in the entire Dniester Delta and on the territory of the Lower Dniester NNP annually from 2010 to 2020 has been presented, analyzed and discussed. Conclusions. It has been shown that maximal wildfire areas were observed in the Dniester Delta in 2019–2020 and 2015–2016, at that the burnt areas made 13010.6 hectares and 11092.8 hectares respectively, which made about 28% of the total Lower Dniester NNP territory. Minimal burnt down areas were registered in 2014–2015 – 326.2 hectares. Maximal wildfire areas were registered on the Lower Dniester NNP territory in 2015–2016 - 6049.2 hectares (28.4% of the NNP area). No wildfires were registered in the NNP in 2014–2015. The methodology of wildfires mapping using space images to establish the boundaries and areas of wildfire traces has been recommended, which in combination with field data facilitates objective assessment of environmental and economic damage from the wildfires on the territory of the nature reserve fund.
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Water balance of lake lebedyne in modern climatic conditions
Authors O. Lukianets and V. GrebinSummaryThe purpose of the study is to clarify the reasons for the shallowing of the once picturesque, rather deep Lake Lebedyne, which is located near the city of Lebedin, Sumy region. For this, the water-balance method was applied. The water balance of the lake is the main characteristic of their hydrological regime and water exchange. For an objective assessment and with aim to identify long-term changes that have already occurred in the water exchange of the lake, the components of the water balance for modern (1991–2019) period was compared to a climatic norm (1961–1990). Based on calculations, it was found that, on average, the total volume of water inflow into the lake in the modern period has decreased compared to the period of the climatic norm by almost 16%. The volume of evaporation from the water surface of the lake increased by an average of almost 8,5%. If during the period of the climatic norm there was a certain accumulation of water in the lake, then in the modern period there is a natural depletion of the volume of water in the lake. The volume of water in the lake decreased by 40–45% approximately.
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Magnetic methods application for the physical and chemical properties assessment of Ukraine soil
Authors O. Tonkha, O. Menshov, O. Bykova, O. Pikovska and I. FedosiySummaryThe special attention require the soil studies in Ukraine according to the introduction of the agricultural land market in Ukraine. That is why our aim was to study the content of silicon compounds of different mobility in soils and its correlation with indicators of soil physicochemical properties. Magnetic methods demonstrated high efficiency and low cost when applying to detect soil erosion, indicate the physicochemical properties, and perform fast soil mapping. Soils of the Mokiyivtsi area have an average pH of 4.9–5.4, the acidity of these soils decreases with increasing content of physical clay, the investigated soils of the Khmelnytsky region have mainly low-deficient silicon balance, both of readily-available and hard-soluble forms. However, individual samples of the Mokiyivtsi area have an average deficiency of silicon, in particular if the evaluation is carried out on the content of readily available (actual) silicon compounds in the arable layer of the studied soils. The results of the magnetic studies confirmed the high degree of relationship between MS and salt extract pH (p = −0.80) for the area Hotkivka.
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Ecological regulation integrated approach through conflicts evaluation: studying, experience and opportunities for landscape regional planning implementation
More LessSummaryEcological regulation integrated approach is depictured as conflicts evaluation at the local level. This landscape ecological method is highly recommended in case of studying and elaboration of sustainable land use management projects, and regional landscape planning implementation. Last one as an integrated approach based on the landscape structure and land use assessment with related land cover changes evaluation, and is aimed to define key aspects of land use management which can regulate social development. Conflicts evaluation by this method was conducted in three main phases: 1) the landscape structure determining; 2) conflicts field and anthropogenic transformational influences detachment; 3) the level of distance from the quasinatural state of landscape distinguishing. There are three types of conflicts that were distinguished and depictured according to its spatial characteristics: dotty and focal, linear and netting, areal. This study results were visualized on maps of the specificity of spatial distribution of landscape ecological conflicts, their different types at local level. Experience of landscape ecological conflicts evaluation in Ukraine at the local level (within the mixed forest tested research area in Sumy region) is a result of considerable effort that has been devoted to the implementation of regional landscape planning.
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Assessment of riverine loads of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Dniester Estuary and the Black Sea over 2010–2019
Authors S. Medinets, N. Kovalova, V. Medinets, A. Mileva, I. Gruzova, I. Soltys, Ev. Cherkez, T. Kozlova, V. Morozov, I. Trombitsky and V. KolvenkoSummaryPurpose of the work was to quantify riverine nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loads to the Dniester Estuary and estimate their contributions to the Black Sea over 2010–2019. Methodology. The data on monthly water discharge and monthly N and P compounds concentrations in surface water monitored in-situ were used. Results and Discussion. Mean annual riverine water discharge to the estuary was 7.9±0.2 km3 (range: 5.6–14.2 km3). Higher variation of water discharges was found in the Turunchuk River (variation coefficient of 38%), 1.7 times higher than in the Dniester River before confluence. Annual TN loads to the estuary varied from 10.8 GgN (2016) to 74.6 GgN (2010), the mean was 25.7±5.8 GgN/year. Mean annual TP load was of 1.16±0.08 GgP/year (range: 0.95–1.66 GgP/year). On average, the shares of organic N and P were 48% and 43% respectively. Nitrates dominated in DIN contributing 84±2%. Conclusions. Dniester water discharge and thus water supply for its deltaic area are strongly dependent on climatic and anthropogenic factors, both affected by climate change. We have found that 25.7±5.8 GgN/year and 1.16±0.08 GgP/year are entering the Dniester Estuary annually. Mean riverine total N and total P loads to the Black Sea made 23.1±5.2 GgN/year and 1.04±0.07 GgP/year.
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Assessment of changes in the main climatic parameters over the territory of Ukraine during the XXI century according to scenarios based on representative concentration pathways (RCP)
Authors S. Snizhko, O. Shevchenko, Iu. Didovets, A. Krukivska and I. KostyrkoSummaryThe assessment of climate change was made for 5 socio-economical and geographical regions of Ukraine till 2100 on the base of climate scenarios from the FP7-funded IMPRESSIONS project. The climate projections constitute a set of seven GCM-RCMs coupled climate simulations with 0.5° resolution under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 forcing by 2100. These GCM/RCM projections were selected to cover the range of projected temperature’s increases in Europe and in Ukraine, which vary according to the RCP forcing as well as to model. The climate simulations were obtained from the CORDEX database (for territory of Ukraine used bias-corrected climatic data from 400 grid points with resolution 50×50 km). These seven climate projections were combined into three sets of low, intermediate, and high-end scenarios. Low-end and high-end scenario show sufficient increasing of air temperature for all regions of Ukraine for the next periods of simulation: middle future (2041–2070) and far future (2071–2100). Increasing of the temperature is expected for both periods after low-end scenario on 1,8 –1,9°C, after intermediate scenario on 2,3–3,4°C and after high-end scenario on 2,8–4,9°C. Changes in the average annual precipitation during XXI century estimate as not sufficient (increasing on 0,5–6%).
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Regional analysis of Ukraine’s prospects for geological disposal of radioactive waste
Authors I. Shybetskyi, V. Shestopalov, I. Koliabina, V. Pochtarenko and L. ShymkivSummaryThe purpose of this paper is to describe the preliminary results of regional analysis of Ukraine aimed at identification the most promising region for geological disposal of radioactive waste. The regional analysis methodology consists in sequential use of the procedures: exclusion, disqualification and estimation. For each procedure was used separate group of criteria, based on the requirements of national regulations and best international practice. Existing geological data and maps were used as initial data for analysis. It was preliminary concluded that Chornobyl Exclusion Zone with adjacent territories is the most promising region for geological disposal of radioactive waste.
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Detection conditions of gas-saturated layers by the result of complex interpretation of non-electrical well logging data
Authors O. Karpenko, M. Myrontsov, I. Karpenko and V. SobolSummaryPossibilities of using non-electrical methods of well logging to detect gas-saturated objects are considered. Determination of the gas saturation coefficient is proposed using two different approaches - traditional according to electro-logging and additional - when estimating the component composition of rocks according to the methods of acoustic and radioactive logging. Significant values of gas saturation, which are recorded according to non-electrical methods, are possible only in the absence of an invaded zone. Leaks of gas-saturated objects in the well sections can lead not only to the loss of part of the gas production reserves, but also to unforeseen accidents during drilling and operation of wells.
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The projections of air temperature in the Northern region of Ukraine following the intermediate scenario (RCP 4.5) and the high-end scenario (RCP 8.5)
Authors S. Snizhko, O. Shevchenko, B. Buznytskyi, A. Krukivska and M. MatviienkoSummaryThe current climate of Ukraine is characterized by asymmetric warming (more significant in the north than in the south), pronounced in the winter and summer months. There is a dangerous tendency to increase the recurrence of arid conditions in the northern region of Ukraine. There is an arid climate rising every year during the vegetation period in this region. The northern region of Ukraine is the most vulnerable to climate change. The trends in surface air temperature change in the region in the 21st century have been studied using modern RCP-scenarios and the global climate model GFDL-ESM2M. The results of the international project ISIMIP in the form of projections of climatic indicators (daily values) for modern trajectories of greenhouse gas concentrations (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5), obtained for 171 nodes of the regular climate network with a step 0.5° for the studied and adjacent territories have been used for research. It is established that warming in the region will be formed due to the growth of mean monthly temperatures in winter from 2.6°C in the south to 3.2°C in the north during the period from 2041 to 2070, and from 4.2°C in the south of the region to 5.0°C in the north and 5.2°C in the east of Sumy region at the end of the 21st century. The smallest changes in surface air temperature are expected in the summer. The largest territorial range of temperature changes will be observed in the spring. Autumn will be characterized by the uniformity of the spatial temperature distribution on the territory.
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Cartographic support of the results of geoinformation monitoring of the environment
Authors E. Bondarenko and M. KyryliukSummaryThe author’s approach to the formation of a system of maps to ensure the results of GIS monitoring of the environment is considered. These are the different types of thematic maps of geo-ecological content. They are selected according to the classification of geographical maps by content. They reflect the state, structure, existing problems, as well as the forecast of the development of relevant phenomena or processes of mapping in space and time within the territories of different spatial levels, etc. in accordance with types of maps by their functionality. It is pointed out that a number of conditions for the construction of GIS environmental monitoring on the basis of GIS software are indicated. The implementation of these conditions generally allows the creation of cartographic works based on the formulated basic principles of mapping. They determine their place and role in GIS monitoring of the environment, as well as are a kind of methodological provisions that outline the content and scope of GIS. The main types of maps that form the system and will provide the results of environmental monitoring are defined inventory, assessment, recommendation and forecast maps in this sequence of their creation by GIS and use for monitoring tasks.
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Thermodynamic modeling and safety assessment of radioactive waste repositories: state of the art in Ukraine
Authors I. Koliabina, I. Shybetskyi and K. YaroshenkoSummaryThis article is devoted to the analysis of experience in using thermodynamic modeling to solve problems related to safe disposal of radioactive waste in Ukraine. It is shown that a number of approaches and models have been developed in Ukraine (models of solid solutions for clay and cement, sorption models, chamber model, etc.), which can be used both to assess the efficiency of EBS components and to assess the geochemical evolution of the geological environment. The possibility of thermodynamic modeling using to take into account physical and chemical interactions in the safety analysis of RAW repositories is also illustrated and the place of this approach in the justification of safety of RW disposal shown is.
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Geological research during 25-th Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition, February – April 2020: Kiev Peninsula of the Graham Coast
Authors O. Mytrokhyn and V. BakhmutovSummaryFrom February to April 2020 the authors carried out geological survey on the Graham Coast of the West Antarctica. The survey was a part of the seasonal researches of 25-th Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition supported by National Antarctic Scientific Center. Studied area was the mainland of the Kiev Peninsula from the Girard Bay to the Collins Bay and nearby islands. It was found out that outcrops of varied intrusive rocks are widely distributed in the inner part of the Kiev Peninsula of the Graham Coast. They are represented by plutonic and hypabyssal facies. Granitoids prevail among other petrographic representative of the intrusive rocks. Granites and granodiorites intrude in the Jurassic volcanites and Early-Cretaceous gabbroids in the Waddington Bay to Bussey Glacier aria. Studied granitoids can belong to the different intrusive complexes. To find out their relative ages it is necessary to complete additional routes on the west slopes of the Mount Mill and Guys Cliff. The parts of the large gabbroic intrusion are exposed in the inner part of the Girard Bay and are intruded by granitoids. Their geological position, age and petrography also need more researches. Erratic boulders additionally confirm the abundance of the granitoids in the inner part of the Kiev Peninsula. Among them red coarse granite deserve special attention as in relation to finding their bedrock and also to the reconstructions of the ancient glaciation namely its extent, thickness and travel routes.
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Results of application of frequency-resonance methods of satellite images processing at the site of an ancient burial location
Authors M. Yakymchuk and I. KorchaginSummaryThe results of application of direct-prospecting methods of satellite images frequency-resonance processing at site of ancient burial location are analyzed. During a satellite image processing of site with burial, responses were recorded from surface at resonant frequencies of phosphorus, carbon, silver, and gold. At the surface of 50 m from upper part of cross-section, responses from gold, silver, carbon, phosphorus, copper, and diamonds were also recorded. By scanning the cross-section from surface, step of 10 cm, responses from silver were recorded in depth interval 18–39 m. The responses at the gold frequencies were recorded from two intervals 20–25.60 m and 32.50–35.80 m when scanning from 18 m with step 1 cm. On the surface of 25.20 m, signals from diamonds, gold, silver, carbon, and phosphorus were obtained from the upper part of cross-section. The experiments carried out showed that during research of an archaeological nature, it is advisable to carry out measurements at survey sites in areal version. The results of experimental work indicate that mobile methods of satellite images frequency-resonance processing can be used to search for combustible and ore minerals, aquifers, as well as when performing archaeological research in areas of ancient settlements for detecting local objects that are promising for further excavations carrying out.
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Approbation of mobile frequency-resonance methods of satellite images and photo images processing at the site of the Hranice Abyss cave complex in Czech Republic
Authors M. Yakymchuk and I. KorchaginSummaryThe results of additional approbation of low-cost direct-prospecting technology of frequency-resonance processing of satellite and photo images on the territory of Hranice Abyss caves location (Czech Republic) are presented. Reconnaissance studies were carried out in order to study the deep structure of the site of caves location, to determine the depth of its distribution. Studies show that caves are located within a volcano of ultramafic rocks with root at depth of 723 km. This volcano is covered from above by the thick layers of marls and siliceous rocks. At depth of 57 km in the volcano there are conditions for the synthesis of oil, condensate, gas, phosphorus. However, a thick stratum of siliceous rocks and marls does not allow hydrocarbons to migrate to the upper parts of cross-section. The recorded interval of 7.70–1016.0 m of responses at water frequencies show that depth of the caves is 1016.0 m and the filling cave water is surface, not deep. The Hranice Abyss caves were formed by epigenetic processes. The results of the direct-prospecting methods testing in various regions of the world testify to their efficiency and practical applicability in the search and exploration of aquifers, as well as ore and combustible minerals.
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Electrical exploration studies of spatio-temporal technogenic changes in the underground hydrosphere of Southern Kryvbas
Authors V. Svystun, P. Pihulevskyi, O. Tiapkin, A. Tolkunov and S. SlobodianiukSummaryThe effectiveness of repeated (monitoring) electrical exploration for the spatio-temporal research of the pollution of underground hydrosphere with liquid mining waste is shown on the example of Southern Kryvbas. Here electrical exploration by the method of vertical electrical sounding (VES) was started in 2008 near the storage pond of highly mineralized mine and open pit waters (of all mining enterprises of Central and South Kryvbas) in Svistunovo gorge. To identify subvertical tectonic faults in sedimentary cover as one of the main ways of vertical and horizontal migration of saline waters from this storage pond, the uniaxial dipole sounding (DOS) was added to the complex of electrical exploration studies in 2016. The results of integration of geoelectric methods VES and DOS made it possible to identify and vertically research the flooded areas with varying degrees of water salinity and the paths of vertical and horizontal migration of highly mineralized mine and open pit waters.
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Exploring the potential of citizen sensing for urban air quality monitoring on the example of Kyiv, Ukraine
More LessSummaryThe system of urban air pollution monitoring is an important tool to observe, model, and manage air quality. The existing system of air pollution monitoring in Kyiv requires modification; at the same time, a citizen network of urban air quality monitoring has been evolving recently. As this alternative system is becoming an important source of data on air pollution, the aim of this study is to perform exploratory data-driven analysis of the citizen air quality monitoring network. The citizen system of urban air quality monitoring in Kyiv includes 133 sensors from 7 citizen science projects collecting data on 18 parameters with a high temporal frequency of 1–10 minutes 24/7. The data allows for the exploration of pollution patterns at high temporal and spatial detail. Inconsistencies in temporal dimensions, data gaps due to sensors inactivity, and absence of data quality flags require the application of advanced techniques of (geo)statistical data preprocessing and analysis. Future applied developments may rely on ground data fusion with remote observations for the purposes of remote datasets verification and downscaling.
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Analysis of the complex vegetation index considering greenness and shortwave infrared to determine anomalies in the vegetation spectral characteristics caused by hydrocarbon deposits
Authors S.I. Golubov, A.I. Vorobyov, O.V. Sedlerova, M.S. Lubskyi and I.O. PiestovaSummaryIn this study, the authors analyzed the possibilities of using the standard Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the finer Vegetation Index considering Greenness and Shortwave infrared (VIGS). Above hydrocarbon deposits, the vegetation state is affected by metal oxides and dioxides formed during the oxidation of soil trace elements. This fact allowed the authors to suggest the possibility of using the VIGS-to determine the anomalies of the vegetation spectral characteristics caused by hydrocarbon deposits. In the course of the work, the Landsat ETM + satellite data were sequentially processed in order to statistically calculate the probability of detecting anomalies in the vegetation spectral characteristics. Anomalies were identified based on the calculation of the values of the vegetation spectral indices (NDVI and VIGS) for 26 pairs of polygons built within the known deposits and beyond them for areas with homogeneous vegetation. The probability of recognizing anomalies for the NDVI is 66%, for the VIGS - 75%. There is a significant (85%) correlation between the NDVI and VIGS values for gas and oil and gas and 90% for oil fields. This approach can be used as a means of additional exploration of hydrocarbon deposits in areas with known explored deposits and as an auxiliary one when performing geological prospecting works in order to identify new deposits.
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Geological and economic aspect of brine processing as a tool for normalization of the Pre-Carpathian Depression’s natural balance in the context of general monitoring of the region’s ecological state
By S. KosharnaSummaryBrines are one of the reasons of a number of environmental and economic problems in the Pre-Carpathian Depression. The permanent ecosystem’s imbalance, in particular of the water one, as well as the need for regular budget allocations to prevent environmental disasters, including situations within protected areas, demonstrates the imperfection of existing methods and tools aimed to ensure the planned development of the region. Based on the analysis of monitoring data for the recent years and the main characteristics of global brine processing technologies, the theory of brine accumulation sites integration into region’s healthy ecosystem by optimizing the industry’s technological base in terms of economic and environmental benefits was proposed. The success indicators of the proposed approach and its direct impact on the stabilization of the level of ecological safety and level of material welfare increase are determined.
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