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XIV International Scientific Conference “Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment”
- Conference date: November 10-13, 2020
- Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
- Published: 10 November 2020
41 - 60 of 92 results
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Comparative analysis of methods for determination of poristicity coefficients of complex constructed collectors (on the example of Khidnovytsk deposit)
Authors O.N. Trubenko, D.D. Fedoryshyn, S.D. Fedoryshyn, Y.V. Bezanyuk and A.O. TrubenkoSummaryThe study of collector properties characteristics of reservoir rocks of Lower Sarmatian deposits in the Khidnovytsia gas field was carried out. The porosity coefficients of reservoirs were determined by different methods of well logging on the basis of petrophysical modeling.
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Research of the stressed state of saline rocks of Prykarpattia deposits under the influence of thermobaric conditions
Authors I.M. Kovbasiuk, O.B. Martsynkiv, Y.M. Femiak, I.I. Vytvytskyi and Y.D. ZhdanovSummaryThe analysis of industrial data on casing string collapse was carried out at Oriv-Ulychniansky oil field and in the fields of the Dolyna region. It was found that the occurrence of salt-bearing rock intervals in the well section as well not taking into account the effect of rock pressure have the greatest negative impact on the integrity of the casing strings when designing casing strings in such rocks. Based on experimental studies with core material from wells in the Prykarpattia fields, the effect of pressure and temperature conditions on the fluidity of salts has been researched, which make up the section of Vorotyshchenska suite. It is found that at temperatures above 70°C the coefficient of lateral expansion of these deposits is equal to one. For such conditions, it is recommended to calculate the casing strings for external excess pressure, taking into account the rock pressure.
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Ecological risks in the optics of sociological analysis
Authors V. Chepak and O. BezrukovaSummaryIn modern sociology, it is already recognized that any social analysis must include an ecological slice. Otherwise, the analysis will be incomplete. Sociologists are interested in the natural environment as a physical component of social interests, in particular the environmental safety of society. First of all, it is about the biophysical properties of the environment related to environmental hygiene, which means ecologically safe living conditions. In addition, attention is focused on environmental issues, which are “tied” to the immediate natural environment of social communities, and in the time continuum are characterized by presentism
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Results of a survey within gas seeps area on Brazilian offshore using frequency-resonance methods of satellite images and photo images processing
Authors M. Yakymchuk and I. KorchaginSummaryThe paper presents the results of survey within area of gas seeps location on Brazilian offshore. Experimental studies using direct-prospecting technology of satellite and photo images frequency-resonance processing were carried out to study the features of deep structure at site of seeps location. The results of instrumental measurements indicate that the survey area on offshore is located above a sedimentary rocks volcano, within which the synthesis of oil, condensate and gas is carried out at the border of 57 km. In the contours of such volcanoes, there are deep channels through which oil, condensate and gas migrate to upper horizons of cross-section and can replenish the already formed hydrocarbon deposits. In the absence of reliable seals over such channels, oil, condensate and gas migrate into water column, and gas further into atmosphere. During this migration, gas seeps are formed on the seabed and oil slicks on water surface. Additional evidence has been obtained in favor of oil, condensate and gas abiogenic genesis. Numerous facts of fixing signals from oil, condensate and gas at the boundary of their synthesis 57 km on Brazilian offshore and in other regions of world indicate of abiogenic methane migration into Earth’s atmosphere in colossal volumes!
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Modelling of Late Pleistocene climatic hazards in the estimation of risk for the future abrupt climatic deterioration
Authors N. Gerasimenko, O. Bonchkovskyi and I. KovalchukSummaryThe aim of the study is a quantitative estimation of the scale of changes in palaeoclimatic parameters that occurred at the interface between the short-lived cold and warm events during the Late Pleistocene, and, particularly, at the late phases of the last interglacial. The latter is regarded as an analogue of the modern interglacial, and, thus, the modelling of climatic parameters of short and abrupt events of the past is a useful tool for estimation of possible future climate change. Two independent methodologies for palaeoclimatic reconstructions were applied in the same deposits, corresponding to the thresholds in climatic regimes: the transition from the last interglacial to the early glacial, and the interfaces between warm interstadials and stadials of the last glacial. One methodology is based on pollen data (the climatogram approach) and another reveals climatic indices on the basis of analogy with the modern cryogenic structures distribution. The studied sites are located in N and NE Ukraine, and the results obtained show the existence of climatic hazards (the drop in MAAT, T7, and, particularly, in T1 and precipitation). The quantitative palaeoclimatic parameters demonstrate the necessity for elaboration of future climatic scenarios for assessment of risks and socioeconomic adaptations within societies in the modern temperate latitudes.
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Structure and inhabitants of the lakes and ponds on Uruguay Island (the Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctica)
Authors A. Chernov, D. Pishniak, V. Trokhymets and T. BilyiSummaryThis paper shows the results of seasonal investigations, which were done on Uruguay Island (the Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctica) during the period February–April 2020 on four sites. The topography of pounds’ and lake’s bottom was investigated with VIY3-300 GPR. Previously unknown lake under ice cap was found, its water surface was mapped and presence of water is proven by drilling. New findings of the biological organisms on the sites are described.
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Rates of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to agricultural and natural lands within the Lower Dniester catchment
Authors S. Medinets, A. Mileva, S. Kotogura, I. Gruzova, N. Kovalova, O. Konareva, E. Cherkez, T. Kozlova, V. Medinets, V. Derevencha and N. RozhenkoSummaryPurpose of the work was to quantify and compare the rates of atmospheric bulk nitrogen (N) deposition to the natural wetland and two managed areas within the Lower Dniester catchment in 2011–2019. Methodology. To collect atmospheric bulk (dry and wet) deposition we used custom-made accumulative samplers. We determined dissolved inorganic N (DIN) compounds in samples with ion chromatography and water soluble and total N (TN) with routine wet chemistry. Results and Conclusions. Croplands in the Lower Dniester basin have been recognized as a highly N polluted areas being both local sink and potential source of TN acting as a local threat for nearby natural and semi-natural ecosystems. Mean annual TN depositions have been quantified to be 20.1±0.3, 14.1±0.1 and 10.0±0.3 kgN/ha for cropland, garden and natural wetland sites respectively. We have found significant increase of NH4 + and decreased of NO3 − in DIN deposition with overall decrease and stabilization of DIN in 2018–2019. Substantial contribution of ‘previously unaccounted’ TON (66–72%) to TN was assumed to be region-specific. Besides, ca. 52–68% of water soluble TN had an organic origin and could be considered as additional easy available N source for both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems within the study region.
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Prediction and stabilization of landslides based on their classification
Authors A.M. Yagolnyk, S.V. Bida, I.I. Lartseva and M.O. VovkSummaryIntensive urban development leads to the loss of large areas of agricultural land. Therefore, in recent decades, the efforts of designers are aimed at the development of areas with unfavorable engineering and geological conditions – soils that have the properties of subsidence or swelling, bulk and alluvial massifs etc. If the steepness of the slopes exceeds 5°, they are landslide-prone and special attention needs to be paid to ensuring the stability of the slopes, taking into account the anthropogenic impact. Given that landslides are common in almost 50% of Ukraine, the relevance of studying the stability of slopes is beyond doubt. Existing landslides classifications are based on various specific features that are not related to each other, which does not allow to qualitatively and fully assess the state of the slope and choose the most effective measures to prevent landslides or to combat their development. Therefore, the aim of the research was to develop a general classification of landslide processes, which would allow to comprehensively characterize the landslide process, predict the possibility of landslide development and wort out effective anti-landslide measures. We can identify five main features that researchers considered the most important: the genesis and nature of the development of landslide, the characteristics of the landslide mass, the shape of the sliding surface and the activity of landslide processes. As a result of the conducted researches the classification which allows to consider the influence of all factors and features of conditions on a possibility of development of landslide processes was comprehensively developed. The use of such a classification in the future will greatly facilitate the work to prevent the emergence of new or stabilize the development of existing landslides, as well as the design of engineering solutions for the protection of landslides.
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Magnetic susceptibility and heterogeneities of agronomic indicators of soil as a tool for water erosion assessment
Authors O. Kruglov, O. Menshov, S. Kovalenko, P. Nazarok and O. AndreevaSummaryThe crucial aim of the present studies is to show the significant role of the mathematical modeling of leaching and application of the magnetic methods for the identification of the heterogeneities of the agronomic indicators of soils. The studies were performed at the territory of the monitoring fields of NSC “Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O.N. Sokolovsky”. The area is the Forest-Steppe at the Kharkiv region. The predominant soils are typical chernozemz and podzolic chernozemz (in Sokolovskiy classification). The main parameter to find the correlation with soil physical parameters was magnetic susceptibility MS (χ). The section A is characterized by low values of potential soil losses. At the same time for the section B, the potential washout significantly exceeds the rate of the natural soil formation. The results showed no relationship between MS and macronutrient content (ρ = 0.05...0.27). The relationship between MS and Sorg content is much higher (ρ = 0.45... 0.57). The relation between Sorg and mineral nitrogen content is medium.
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Geoinformation maintenance of the territory of Chornobilskiy radio-ecological biosphere reserve for monitoring conduction
Authors N. Lazorenko-Hevel, B. Denysiuk, I. Halius and V. ZatserkovnyiSummaryThe state and prospects of application of geoinformation systems (GIS) to solve monitoring tasks of nature protected territories of Ukraine are investigated. The results of the first in Ukraine project of geoinformation support of the territory of the Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve (CBR) for monitoring conduction is introduced; it is based on a geospatial database (SDB) of the reserve, which was created using an feature-oriented approach based on national standards of Ukraine DSTU 8774:2018 “Geographical information. Rules for geospatial data modeling” and DSTU ISO 19110: 2017 “Geographic information - Methodology for feature cataloging”. An information and reference geoportal of the territory and facilities of the Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve has been created, which makes it possible to provide public access to the current monitoring information of the CBR based on the ArcGISOnline platform to a wide range of users. The use of the developed specialized algorithms of geoinformation analysis and modeling for monitoring of a radiation pollution condition of CBR is offered.
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Results of geoecological state investigations in settlements of the Dniprovsk region adjacent to the tailings dump Shcherbakivska beam
Authors G. Kalashnyk and A. KalashnykSummaryThe report presents the results of investigations of geoecological state of settlements of the Kryvyi Rih district of the Dniprovsk region adjacent to the tailings dump of the East GOK of the Shcherbakivska beam. In the report are rationalized the complex of geological and geophysical methods for assessing the geoecological state of technogenic-loaded areas near the radioactive waste tailings dump, taking into account the peculiarities of the tectonic structure of the territory and possible geodynamic changes in the state of the geological environment. In the article are presented recommendations on the complex geological and geophysical methods for the effective solution of ecological monitoring problems with the purpose of possible changes of the geological environment under the influence of natural and man-made processes around the tailings of radioactive waste of the Shcherbakivska beam.
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Domestic geological tourism - a source of income for local communities and one of the areas of development of geological education
Authors V.A. Nesterovskyi, V.V. Perekheida and O.L. ShevchenkoSummaryThe presence of attractive natural objects and geological monuments for tourism in local communities will provide additional jobs and may interest and inspire graduates of local schools to obtain geological education at the Institute of Geology of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. For the development of such a startup it is necessary to conduct an inventory of geological monuments available for mass and exclusive visits, as well as to categorize them according to a specially developed list of criteria and features. Geological tourism should be divided into mass, exclusive and scientific (as an element of scientific - practical conferences). The geological community of higher education institutions should play a key role in the scientific support of geological tourism, training and development of routes.
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Geomorphological research as basis for spatial integrated marine ecosystems monitoring
Authors V. Medinets, Ye. Gazyetov, E. Cherkez, S. Snihirov, S. Medinets, N. Kovalova, T. Kozlova and O. KonarevaSummaryStudy of geomorphological features of the areas of marine ecosystems monitoring in the coastal waters of Odesa Bay and the Zmiinyi Island in 2016–2017. Data and Methods. Echo-sounding has been performed with sonars «Lowrence LCX-15CT» and «SeaCharter 640cDF». Visual observations done by our divers have been additionally used to compile maps of bottom relief and substrate types. Results. The maps of bottom relief and substrates built based on the echo-sounding and visual observations have been presented and discussed. The results of study have shown that monitoring areas in Odesa Bay (MHBS) and near the Zmiinyi Island (ZMN) have very mosaic bottom relief and substrates spatial distribution. The presented results showed that in the MHBS area stony substrates (stones + shelly ground + silt) prevailed (55.6%). In the ZMN area soft substrates dominated: silt (30.4%), silt + sand (28.5%) and sand + shelly ground + silt (23.5%). Only 5.2% of the ZMN area was covered with stony substrate. Conclusions. The geomorphological studies performed have helped us optimise the network of macrozoobenthos, macrophytobenthos and fish sampling stations and are recommended as a mandatory initial stage of marine monitoring activities planning and programming in coastal zones.
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The dynamics of flooding of the territory during spring floods in the Desna River basin (Chernihiv region)
Authors L.V. Plichko, V.I. Zatсerkovnyi, V.K. Khilchevskyi, V.O. Zabaluyev and T.M. MalikSummaryThe article considers of example of studying the dynamics of flooding of area during spring floods in the Desna River basin using modern remote sensing methods. The use of the spectral index of the normalized difference in refractive indices of water (NDWI) made it possible to find out the dynamics of changes in the area of surface water bodies in the Desna River basin in different years. It has been established that the flooded areas and the intensity of the process are constantly changing. Also, the long-term dynamics of flood development in the Desna River basin were investigated using satellite images for different years. It has been determined the process of flooding is activated in high-water years in those areas where natural (climatic) factors are dominant. On the basis of the study, maps of the long-term dynamics of the development of floods in the Desna River basin of the Chernigov region were constructed.
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Rotational dynamics and deformation processes in the mass of rocks according to geodetic monitoring data (on the example of Odesa territory)
Authors T. Kozlova, E. Cherkez, S. Shatalin, V. Medinets, I. Soltys and S. MedinetsSummaryTo reveal interrelations of local deformation fields within the territory of Odesa and variations of inter-annual rate of the Earth rotation. Methodology. The results of monthly geodetic monitoring have been studied: a) landslide slope and the near-shore part of the plateau within the territory of Primorskiy Boulevard in Odesa (mid-1960s - end of the 1990s), b) the territory of Novo-Arcadiiskiy residential area in Odesa (2004–2007). Analysis was carried out using the methods of general statistical analysis, frequency-harmonic Fourier analysis, seasonal analysis. Results. Close relationship has been revealed between the local deformation fields of two observation sites spaced apart within the city with intra-annual variations in the Earth’s rotation rate. Conclusions. Geodetic monitoring of the territory of Primorskiy Boulevard and the Novo-Arkadiiskiy residential area provides direct evidence of quasi-periodic relative vertical displacements of benchmarks in these areas correlating with variations in the Earth’s rotation rate (LOD) in the intra-annual cycle. An important practical consequence of the results received is that the most high-frequency disjunctive network is constantly in the regime of different-frequency activation caused by rotational dynamics, which shall be taken into account even on the scale of local engineering and geological surveys for construction of individual buildings and structures.
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Use of multispectral satellite imagery to monitor erosion on the Volyn Upland
Authors M. Fedoniuk, I. Kovalchuk, B. Zhdaniuk, V. Fedoniuk and T. PavlovskaSummaryThe paper presents an overview of how dynamics changes of erosive landforms of the Volyn Upland (North-Western Ukraine) can be evaluated. For this, the satellite imagery by Google Earth, EOS Landviewer, and Sentinel-2 is used. The research provides examples of how ravines are represented on images with different spectral ranges. There are significant differences in remote identification of erosion forms for forested areas, cultivated and uncultivated lands. For each of these types, the images from different spectral channels during both growing and non-growing periods are analyzed. The results are presented in a table: it shows informative and practical value of different channels and indexes to detect and evaluate the dynamics of erosion landforms. Visible and near-infrared channels are found to be the most informative. Combining vegetation index, moisture index, and thermal infrared channel proved to be less informative. It is possible to extract some additional information through them though. The paper also provides suggestions on the use of remote sensing for erosion monitoring.
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Soil magnetism application for pollution assessment in Lviv (Ukraine)
Authors O. Menshov, R. Kuderavets, O. Kruglov, O. Andreeva and I. ChobotokSummaryThe urbanization and anthropogenic impact are the main factors of the environmental pollution at big cities. In this study, we concentrated on the application of magnetic measurements to identify hot spots of the pollution of soils of Lviv (Ukraine). Lviv is among 11 Ukraine agglomerations with the highest level of the air pollution. The main pollutants are formaldehyde, phenol, hydrogen fluoride, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, suspended solids, and carbon monoxide. The magnetic measurements have proven to be a rapid, low cost, nondestructive and efficient technique for soil monitoring and air quality assessment. The magnetic susceptibility MS (χ) maximums were observed at the road near “Jewish Park”, railway bridge, hotel “Lviv”, and Zamkova str. (χ= 100–200×10−8 m3/kg). The soil of the “Visokiy Zamok Castle” was accepted as the natural and the values of MS as the background. At the hill χ=24 × 10−8 m3/kg, at the slope χ=18 × 10−8 m3/kg, and at the bottom χ=12 × 10−8 m3/kg.
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Biomonitoring of soil quality within the limits of the oil refining enterprise
Authors O. Krainiukov, A. Nekos, E. Kochanov, Yu. Buts and I. MiroshnychenkoSummaryThe article considers the problem of hydrocarbon pollution of soils, formed as a result of production activities of the Shebelinka branch for processing of gas condensate and oil. The territory under the influence of the Shebelinka GCOPB production activity was chosen as the object of research. To assess the level of ecological danger from oil pollution and its negative impact on the vital functions of terrestrial ecosystems, a biotesting system was used. Oat seeds were used to determine the phytotoxicity of soils. Soil samples were taken in the spring and summer of 2020. A total of 15 soil samples were taken from 5 observation points. Toxic properties of soils were found at points 1 and 2 (Andriyivka station, 150 m to the southeast and 180 m to the south of Shebelinka GCOPB, forest belt) during the whole research period. The level of soil contamination in points 1 and 2, according to the classification, corresponded to class IV and V toxicity (soils are dirty and very dirty). The main reason for this state of soils at these points is the “man-made deposit” of liquid hydrocarbons, formed as a result of production activities of the Shebelinka GCOPB. We propose a set of biotechnological measures to eliminate the consequences of pollution: to remove contaminated soil layer; to apply mineral and organic fertilizers and treat the bacterial contamination center. As a result of the research it has been established that the problem of hydrocarbon pollution of groundwater and soils within the settlement of Andriyivka remains relevant today.
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Using of radiometric method in studying of the Zmiinyi Island structural and tectonic features
SummaryTo identify zonal-block structure of the Zmiinyi Island territory using radiometric survey method. Methodology. Radiometric surveys of rocks natural gamma radiation during the period of research surveys on the Zmiinyi Island in 2009 – 2015 in the network of geophysical profiles using geological scintillation dosimeter-radiometer SRP - 68-01. Selective measurements of gamma radiation of layers in vertical extent have been performed in the outcrops of rocks of the coastal slopes. Results. Distribution of gamma radiation power has been compared with absolute gradients of the island’s surface relief. The results of measuring have been divided into two groups: cemented conglomerate-breccias and quartzites (on average 7.5 μR/h); interlayers of sandstones, siltstones and clays (on average 13.5 μR/h). Using the “gamma minimum” criterion fracture-weakened zones have been identified and a map of zonal-block structure of the island’s rock mass has been compiled and analysed. Conclusions. The spatial distribution of gamma radiation the power and gradients of the island’s surface relief caused by both peculiarities of rocks geological structure, lithological composition, manifestations of processes of suffusion underwashing and dispersed material accumulation. The results received allowed to identify the tectonic disturbance zones and build schemes of the Zmiinyi Island territory zonal-block structure.
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Landslide Dynamics and Deterministic modelling of landslide hazards at the large scale
Authors O.M. Ivanik, V.V. Shevchuk, D.V. Kravchenko, L.V. Tustanovska, K.P. Hadiatska and N. RomanchukSummaryDeterministic modelling of landslide hazards at the large scale are performed according to various methods and approaches based on quantitative assessment methods and taking into account geological, geomorphological and meteorological factors of the landslide process. One of the important criteria for assessing the slope stability is the stress-strain state of the rock mass. Calculations of the stress-strain state of a slope with variable parameters are carried out. To investigate and understand the behavior and dynamics of landslide processes, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been used. The development of a three-dimensional model of the landslide in the Krasnyk village, Ukrainian Carpathians allowed to trace the dynamics of the landslide process and to determine the elements and morphometric parameters of the landslide body. These parameters were used to perform a detailed geomorphological and geological analysis aimed at identifying the main geomorphological features and geological causes associated to instabilities and as base for the design of the mitigation works to stabilize the slopes of this site.
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