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XIV International Scientific Conference “Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment”
- Conference date: November 10-13, 2020
- Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
- Published: 10 November 2020
1 - 50 of 92 results
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Global problems of water resources scarcity
Authors V.K. Khilchevskyi, Ya.B. Oliinyk and V.I. ZatserkovnyiSummaryThe problem of water scarcity on the planet due to geographical (mismatch between fresh water demand and availability) and socio-economic (growing world population, improving living standards, changing consumption patterns and increasing irrigated land areas) factors is investigated. Methods for assessing water scarcity are considered. The state of water resources in Ukraine was assessed using the water stress indicator. A comparison is made with other countries of the world that are in approximately the same conditions in terms of the amount of water resources per person (Germany, Belgium, Poland, Denmark, and the Republic of Korea). Attention is drawn to alternative sources of water (desalinated water, recovered wastewater, gray water, collected rainwater, etc.).
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Long-term fluctuations in the chemical composition of surface waters and climate change
Authors V.К. Khilchevskyi, S.М. Kurylo and M.R. ZabokrytskaSummaryThe aim of the study was to identify trends in long-term changes in the chemical composition of river waters using the example of river basins in Ukraine and their possible relationship with climate change. We used long-term observational data on the chemical composition of water (main ions and mineralization) of the Western Bug (1961–2018) and Southern Bug (1951–2018) rivers. Three characteristic periods are distinguished for these rivers: the first period is reference; the second period is transformational, characterized by a process of increasing water mineralization; the third period is modern, characterized by a process of certain stabilization of the hydrochemical regime of rivers. As a result of climate change, the share of underground river nutrition is increasing. It is known that groundwater has a higher mineralization, which leads to an increase in the mineralization of river water.
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Hydrographic monitoring of ponds in Ukraine and their classification by morphometric parameters
Authors V.K. Khilchevskyi and V.V. GrebinSummaryThe purpose of the research was hydrographie monitoring and analysis of territorial patterns of the distribution of ponds in Ukraine, as well as consideration of the territorial patterns of their distribution in the administrative regions and as in the river basin districts as the main hydrographie units of water management. The data were taken from the State Agency for Water Resources of Ukraine. The studies have shown that there were 50 793 ponds in Ukraine in 2019. This figure is 76% more than according to calculations performed in 2006. The classification presented shows that in Ukraine, in terms of the water surface, the vast majority of ponds are small and very small (85%), while medium constitute 12%, and large and very large – 2%. Distribution of the ponds by the volume is the following: small and very small (58%); medium – 29%; large and very large – 13%. The highest number of ponds is in the Vinnytsia region – 10.5% of the total number of ponds in the country. As to the river basin districts, the highest number of ponds is located in the Dnipro River Basin – 48.5% of the total number of ponds in the country. To summarize, Ukraine needs increased attention to comprehensive monitoring of ponds.
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Mapping of climate change on the teritory of Ukraine
Authors V.І. Ostroukh, T.M. Kurach and O.G. ReshetniakSummaryThe study of a climate change in Ukraine in the twentieth century by means of geographic information mapping aims to draw attention to the problem of the climate change, both scientists and the general public and decision-makers in the field of the climate policy. As a result of processing and presenting data from the scientific organization NCAR GIS Climate Change Scenarios, a retrospective series of analytical maps was created. In the ArcGIS program three series of maps (a total of 30 maps) of changes in the average annual climate indicators of Ukraine in the twentieth century in steps of 10 years were created. Based on the Keppen’s climate classification, a series of maps of climate zones of Ukraine, which reflect the change of climate types in the twentieth century in steps of 20 years, was built. The developed analytical and synthetic cartographic works fully characterize the climate changes that Ukraine has undergone during the twentieth century. For the territory of Ukraine according to the Keppen’s classification, by removing the critical types, the main types of climate are determined - B, C, D. After determining the general type of climate, subtypes are distinguished based on the amount and nature of precipitation. The third order of the classification concerns the features of the temperature regime. The research results indicate a change in Ukraine’s climate before warming, a gradual increase in aridity in the southern regions and a significant increase in the temperature of the coldest month. There is a high probability that the continentality of the climate will decrease. In the worst case, some southern regions of the country may be prone to desertification.
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Integrated monitoring of the springs of the north-eastern part of the Carpathians
Authors R.L. Kravchynskyi, V.K. Khilchevskyi, M.V. Korchemlyuk and M.R. ZabokrytskaSummaryThe purpose of the research was an inventory and monitoring of springs in the territory of the Carpathian National Natural Park (northeastern Carpathians, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine) and the identification of the main hydrological and hydrochemical regularities of their functioning. For the period 2011–2019 about 40 expeditions were carried out. The main stages of monitoring of springs, which is carried out in the Carpathian National Natural Park: 1) collection of available information about the springs; 2) field surveys of the first level (description of springs and mapping); 3) field surveys of the second level (measurement of flow rates and water sampling); 4) field surveys of the third level (monitoring). Monitoring studies covered about 300 springs. The springs have insignificant flow rates, cold in the temperature regime of water. Most springs in the Carpathian National Natural Park (about 98 %) have water mineralization in the range of “very fresh” and “normally fresh” (30–250 mg · dm−3).
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Use of 3-D seismic data for detection of hydrocarbon traps within the northern side of the Dnieper-Donetsk Depression
Authors S. Vyzhva, I. Solovyov, I. Mykhalevych, V. Kruhlyk and G. LisnySummaryThe modern approach to prospecting and exploration of gas and oil traps within the northern side of the Dnieper-Donetsk depression is considered. The results of volumetric seismic surveys performed in this region indicate a decrease in the efficiency of traditional technologies for predicting hydrocarbon traps, which are based on the analysis of structural and tectonic models. In some cases, the use of only the structural factor does not give positive results. This is due in part to the absence of major structural traps. Accordingly the development of such deposits may not achieve the desired profitability. The scheme of location of geological bodies and structures promising for the presence of hydrocarbons is given, from which the next results follow. A significant part of the structures that are conventionally considered promising are characterized by a low probability of hydrocarbons. The practice of drilling wells on such structures confirms this conclusion. It is concluded that the increase in the efficiency of prospecting, exploration and development of gas and oil deposits in this region is related to the use of direct indicators of hydrocarbons. The efficiency of application of different sets of seismic attributes is analyzed. The most appropriate way to interactively analyze the volume distributions of seismic attribute values has been defined. Examples of detection of hydrocarbon traps and determination of their physical properties, which are confirmed by drilling wells, are given. Keywords: seismic image, seismic inversion, multi-attribute classification, direct hydrocarbon indicators.
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Baltic-Iranian Super Lineament – the global Trans-Eurasian belt of dislocations and planetary megafractures
Authors V.V. Pokalyuk, I.E. Lomakin and V.G. VerkhovtsevSummaryData on fault tectonics and the deep structure of the global Trans-Eurasian belt of dislocations and planetary megafracture (Baltic-Iranian Super Lineament – BISL) are generalized using the analysis of published data, geological, geophysical, cartographic, and cosmographie materials, that include the results of tectonic interpretation of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) images; the features of its distribution, segmentation and development history are clarified. The BISL is the Trans-Eurasian structure of a planetary rank – an integral part of the spatially regularly oriented ancient rhegmatic fault network of Eurasia, formed at the early stages of the formation of the rigid Earth crust under the influence of global stresses associated with the factor of rotation of the Earth. The geodynamic mode of formation and development of the belt as a whole structure cannot be described within the frameworks of any one of basic patterns – neither riftogenic nor collisional one. There is an interchanging domination of the regional as well as supra-regional divergence (rift zones) and convergence (collision zones) within the belt. That alternation characterizes the global nature of the belt, the unionizing of different geodynamic regimes in it as well as the wave character and hierarchy of tectonic processes.
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Criteria for optimising air quality monitoring in Ukrainian cities (by example of Kyiv)
Authors O. Havrylenko, P. Shyshchenko, V. Samoilenko and L. BilousSummaryThe purpose of the study is to analyse the current state of air quality monitoring in Ukrainian cities, particularly in Kyiv, identify the critical problems in the state monitoring system and substantiate the criteria for optimal air quality monitoring station (AQMS) arrangement to achieve strategic city development goals. Presently, monitoring stations, as usually, are located close to sources of harmful atmospheric emission. This is not helpful in improving the representativeness of the results obtained. Critical social and environmental criteria, which are generally accepted worldwide, are not accounted for. We analysed the demographics statistics, data on atmospheric pollution levels in different Kyiv districts, and regulatory documents. We compared population density indicators with locations of existing monitoring networks where contaminated air has the most adverse impact on public health. The comparison also included the greenness level in all locations and found that the spatial air quality monitoring networks distribution fails to meet modern criteria. With account of absence of a single methodology for determining spatial AQMS representativeness, its chosen key criteria were as follows: average annual concentrations of main air pollutants, population density and urban green spaces distribution within city boundaries. These criteria and the results obtained allowed substantiating the scheme for optimal AQMS arrangement.
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Geoinformation modeling of anthropization extent in the Zakhidnoukrainskyi physic-geographic region
Authors V. Samoilenko, L. Bilous, O. Havrylenko and I. DibrovaSummaryGeoinformation modeling of the anthropization extent in the Zakhidnoukrainskyi physic-geographic region with the use of modern spatial data bases, formed from remote sensing data, showed an essential anthropogenic impact on the regional landscapes. All physic-geographic sub-regions of the region are greatly anthropized. Most physic-geographic districts also fell under great anthropization, and in two districts very great anthropization was simulated. Cause-effect analysis of simulated high anthropogenic impact level in the region demonstrated the objectivity of the achieved results. Thus, only about 18% of the regional area is under environmental favorable land use and/or land cover (LULC) systems. However very geonegative LULC systems predominate, among which broad-leaved forest tilled, village built-up, recreational and geo-negative hydromelioration systems are the most widespread. The obtained results affirm the validity of the applied geoinformation-model approaches. They can be directly implemented, together with the created spatial data bases, in regional schemes and projects of environmental management for its optimization and realization of effective environmental protection measures.
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Implementation of passive seismic during the oil & gas exploration works in the Udmurt Republic, Russia
Authors G. Kashin, V. Mironychev and O. LikhachevaSummaryCurrently, the level of oil production in the Udmurt Republic is on a declining trend, due to the depletion of large and medium-sized oil fields that have been operated for a long time. Therefore, the main challenge in this region is to stabilize & increase the amount of oil extraction by exploring more perspective low-field deposits. However, some problems complicate the process. Firstly, geological prospecting and exploration works, as well as drilling exploration wells, entail financial implications, increasing the accumulated cost of these works. Secondly, there may be some errors that often contain during the hydrocarbon reserves’ calculation process for such deposits. Passive seismic is proposed to become a solution to these problems. Use of this technology could decrease the amount of time required for hydrocarbon exploration and enable to reduce the exploration and development costs.
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Use of fire flooding in the Elnikovsky field of the Udmurt Republic, Russia
Authors O. Likhacheva and G. KashinSummaryThe article considers the problem of increasing reservoir recovery in fields that are at the final stage of development. One of the ways to solve this problem can be the use of fire flooding. The effectiveness of this technology is proved by the case of Elnikovsky field.
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Peculiarities of spreading of degraded agricultural lands in the territory of Poltava region (Ukraine)
By S.P. LashkoSummaryAccording to the available statistical data, cartograms of the spreading of agricultural lands of Poltava region (Ukraine) that have undergone water erosion, wind erosion, acidification and salinization have been constructed and analyzed. Water erosion is most characteristic of the territories with the largest forest cover (Dykanka, Chornukhy, Lokhvytsia districts). Wind erosion mainly covers the north-western, northern and south-eastern regions of the region. Acidified soils can be associated with the Vorskla River basin (southeastern part of the region), and favorable soil acidity conditions – with the Khorol River basin (Myrhorod, Khorol, Velyka Bahachka, Hlobyne districts). According to the results of research within the Poltava region, two groups of areas of strong degradation of agricultural land have been identified: 1) Novi Sanzhary, Lokhvytsia, Hadiach, Zinkiv districts – excessive spreading; 2) Lubny, Kobeliaky, Myrhorod, Pyriatyn, Poltava, Mashivka districts – large spreading. Resources in the fight against soil erosion should be directed primarily to Lokhvytsia and Hadiach districts, resources in the fight against soil acidification – in Chornukhy, Pyriatyn, Kotelva, Poltava, Dykanka, Mashivka, Zinkiv, Chutove districts, and resources in the fight against soil salinization – in Kozelshchyna district.
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Design of adaptive measures in crop production based on remote monitoring of crops
Authors O.A. Furmanets, S.I. Veremeenko, V.Y. Bratsenyuk and P.I. TrofymenkoSummaryThe paper presents the results of studies of the possibility of using the data of operational remote monitoring as a basis for the design of adaptive measures in case of adverse weather phenomena on spring crops (sunflower, corn). Dji Phantom 4 drone and Sentinel 2a satellite information were used as test equipment,, the technology tested on the example of a field that suffered from spring flooding. Based on the obtained data maps of differentiated use of herbicides and nitrogen fertilizers were constructed. The study of the results of the application showed the significant economic efficiency of differentiated use of materials, and the economic advantage of the technology compared with the traditional solid system of introduction. It is established that UAV data can serve as a reliable information base for planning adaptive measures, and in general for the introduction of elements of precision agriculture in the Polissya region of Ukraine.
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Actual condition and hypsometry of the south-western coast of the Kremenchuk reservoir
Authors S.P. Lashko and A.S. DrygaSummaryThe territory of the south-western coast of the Kremenchuk reservoir (100.1 km long) is under the administrative subordination of the Velykoandrusivska territorial community of the Svitlovodsk district of the Kirovohrad region (Ukraine). This part of the reservoir is characterized by a marine type of regime, with large waves and storms causing destructive effects on the coast. The research included field observations and analysis of interactive Google Earth Pro maps with GPS navigation support. It is established that the width of zone of the coastal wave surf varies from 0 m (steep shores) to 36 m. In places, bluffs with a slope of up to 90 degrees were formed. A hypsometric profile was laid along the coast of the reservoir with a length of 4.62 km – along the route of the upper edge of the coast, which limits the strip of degraded shores. With the available water level in the 77 m reservoir, the elevations of the upper edge of the coast vary from 79 m to 112 m. At the same time, the steepness of the relief along the route of the route in some places reaches 20–26% and even 35.8%. It is recommended to resume systematic monitoring of the banks of the Kremenchuk reservoir at the state and local levels, using remote sensing technologies and geographic information systems.
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Environmental problems of shale gas production
Authors V. Mykhailov and O. HrinchenkoSummaryThis paper discusses the main environmental problems arised at prospection, exploration and exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbons, in particular shale gas production in Ukraine. It is based both on reviewed world publications and authors’ data on sources of unconventional hydrocarbons in Ukraine. As a result, it was established that the main environmental threats that can arise at the prospection, exploration and exploitation of shale gas fields are associated with application of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) as well as drilling of a large number of exploration and operating boreholes. Among the main environmental impacts are ground water pollution by chemicals commonly used as components of hydraulic fluids and disruption of tectonic stability of rock massif at hydraulic break-down that can cause technogenic microearthquakes. However, the results of investigations carried out have shown that concerns of ecologists are exaggerated in many respects and shale gas can be produced without any environmental pollution, even if it will occur within densely populated areas of Ukraine. Certainly, all issues of prospection, exploration and production of unconventional hydrocarbons in Ukraine demand detailed studying by complex scientific researches that should cover all range of problems – geological, economic-geological, ecological and sociopolitical.
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Monitoring of the marine environment state of the northwestern part of the Black Sea
SummaryThe report contains the results of océanographie research on the Ukrainian shelf in the northwestern part of the Black Sea carried out by scientists and specialists of the State Institution “Scientific Hydrophysical Centre of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”. During the research it was accomplished the hydroacoustic survey of the seafloor with a total area of 70 sq. km. There were obtained a significant amount of hydrophysical data required for studying modern hazardous geological processes and redistribution of bottom sediments within the explored water area. These data are necessary for ensuring the possibility of monitoring of the marine environment state, in particular, in the interests of navigational and hydrographic support of navigation. As a result, a number of natural and artificial objects were identified. Also, the spatial distribution of micro- and mesoforms of the bottom relief and the structure of the upper part of bottom sediments were determined as well as their lithological classification was conducted. The obtained hydrophysical data were sorted and transferred to the Océanographie Data Bank of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
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Monitoring of agrochemical and agrophysical properties of dark gray soil with different ways of its use
Authors S.I. Veremeenko, V.M. Poliovyi, V.I. Zatserkovnyi, P.I. Trofymenko and N.V. TrofimenkoSummaryThe article presents the results of monitoring of the straw usage as an organic fertilizer on the complete mineral fertilizer, supplemented by additional nitrogen to narrow the C:N ratio in order to improve its decomposition into basic agrophysical and agrochemical indicators of dark-gray soil. It was found that during two rotations of crop the straw helped to reduce soil density, but there was a significant acidification of the soil. With a positive balance of organic matter in crop rotation, the use of straw fertilizer on the significant dominance of nitrogen in the composition of mineral fertilizers did not ensure the reproduction of humus reserves of the studied soils. During dump tillage, a significant decrease in the content of humic acid fraction was observed when using mineral fertilizers only. The usage of straw and additional nitrogen in the plowing led to a significant loss of total humus by reducing the proportion of fulvic acids. While the surface cultivation with this fertilizer, there is a tendency to increase the proportion of fulvic acids and reduce the amount of humus acids associated with calcium.
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Remote identification of winter wheat crops in monitoring tasks
Authors V.I. Zatserkovnyi, P.I. Trofymenko, Y.V. Bezhodkova, N.V. Trofimenko and V.P. TkachukSummaryIn this article, satellite images of Landsat-8 and terrestrial imagery were used as a source of information for the automated recognition of winter wheat sowing fields. The land of the Lichanka territorial community, Kyiv-Svyatoshinsky district of Kyiv region was selected as a research object. During the work, a correlation was established between the brightness values of terrestrial snapshots RGB of winter wheat, obtained from terrestrial field surveys, with the pixel brightness values of remote sensing images of different spectral channels and NDVI values. The most significant correlation coefficients of magnitude (RGB) with the values of brightness are as follows, r: channel 5 - 0.77, channel 6 - 0.69, channel 7 - 0.53, channel 10 - 0.74, channel 11-0, 59, NDVI - 0.91. Given the significant correlation between magnitudes (RGB) and NDVI, high informativeness of the 5th channel near infrared (0.845–0.885 μm), chosen to build the identification model should be considered natural. The use of the developed model of culture recognition allowed to territorially identifi winter wheat crops and distinguish them from other vegetation. The results of comparing the model’s identification ability and the NDVI’s vegetation index indicate its reliability and the feasibility of further improvement.
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Study of microelement composition of potable groundwater in Korostyshiv district of Zhytomyr region in hydrogeochemical monitoring system
Authors T.O. Koshliakova, I.V. Kuraieva and O.Ye. KoshliakovSummaryThe purpose of the research was to study microelement composition of potable groundwater in Korostyshiv district of Zhytomyr region in terms of potential threats to human health. The study was conducted as part of general monitoring studies set of groundwater quality in the region in July 2020. Microelement analysis of water samples was performed by use of modern highly sensitive method of mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS). Comparison of biologically significant concentrations (BSC) of the main groundwater trace elements with the content of microelements determined during the study, allowed to identify features: in the studied waters there is an excess of such elements as Sr and Ba. Cr is present in sufficient quantity. Instead, insufficient elements such as Li, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb were detected. The established features of groundwater microelement composition allowed to outline the range of probable negative consequences for public health. It was concluded that there are risks of some microelementosis deseases occurence in investigated area. The results obtained may be useful to justify the need to adjust the diet of local residents through the additional use of vitamin and mineral complexes.
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Geophysical online monitoring of ores delivered to processing plants of Kazakhmys Corporation LLC, targeting silver
Authors A.N. Kan, R.V. Yun, S.A. Yefimenko, A.V. Erushkin and V.I. OnyshchukSummaryThis study discusses the results of methodological, hardware and experimental research targeting the objective of providing efficient online geophysical monitoring of grades for main (Cu, Pb, Zn) and by-product (Ag, Cd, Mo) elements in copper-containing ores from deposits developed by mining operations of Kazakhmys Corporation LLC in order to ensure enhanced operational control of copper and silver production; prorated and highly unbiased redistribution of overflow metal among sources of ore. Key issues: low silver grades (from 1+ ppm) in ores from most of deposits; complex chemical composition of produced ores, large pieces of ore (−300 mm), ore in dirt and dust. Method used: x-ray fluorescence. Hardware equipment used in the study: energy dispersive x-ray fluorescent (EDXRF) ore controlling stations (OCS) RLP-21. Target elements: copper, lead, zinc, silver, cadmium (molybdenum) and iron. OCS RLP-21 were implemented at processing plants located in Zhezkazgan, Balkhash and Karagaily as well as on the main conveyor at Nurkazgan Underground Mine (the total number of OCS deployed is 8 units). The studies have demonstrated that the objective of ensuring con-trolled mine production process on such ores has been achieved successfully: silver can be determined efficiently starting at the grade level of 1+ppm.
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Using of Caesium-137 for Bottom Sediments’ Accumulation Rates Assessment in the Kuyalnyk Estuary
Authors V.I. Medinets, E.A. Cherkez, S.V. Medinets, T.V. Kozlova, I.E. Soltys, V.G. Soloviev and L.P. FetisovSummaryAssessment of bottom sediments accumulation rate for two areas of the Kuyalnyk Estuary using radionuclide method. Methodology. Standard methods of sediment core sampling and gamma-spectrometric analysis of radionuclides concentration. Results. Based on the results of the studies of 2016, layer-by-layer concentrations of Caesium-137 and other natural radionuclides were determined. Analysis of vertical profiles of Caesium-137 concentrations enabled us to assess, for the first time, the intensity of sediments accumulation in two areas of the Kuyalnyk Estuary for the periods 1962–1986–2016, which later can be used for indicative dating of anomalies in the profiles of natural radionuclides concentrations. Conclusions. It has been shown that in the lower and middle parts of the Kuyalnyk Estuary average rates of sediments accumulation in 1986 – 2016 made 0.8±0.1 mm/year and 1.8±0.2 mm/year respectively. In 1962–1986 average sediments accumulation rate was practically the same in both parts of the estuary and made 1.9±0. mm/year. Average values for the period 1962–2016 made 1.6±0.1 mm/year and 1.8±0.2 mm/year for the lower and middle parts of the estuary respectively. It has been proposed to perform additional mineralogical studies for more precise dating of the sediment layers accumulated before 1962.
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Сase-study. Monitoring deformation of new pipes in soils containing Neogene clay
Authors V. Boiko, V. Boiko, A. Han, T. Khlevniuk and O. ChalaSummaryThe pipelaying in Chernivtsi city, Ukraine, was carried out with a trenchless method at a depth of approximately 5 m in Neogene clay. After completion of the works (in a day) a teleinspection of the pipeline was carried out and it was determined: in the first section the geometry of the pipe was not broken; on the second section - broken: gradual deformation in the vertical plane; on the third section the geometry of the tube is bro-ken: gradual deformation in the horizontal plane; on the fourth section the geometry of the tube is broken: gradual deformation in the horizontal plane. After some time, the second teleinspection was carried out: two branches of the new sewer pipes were deformed practically throughout the whole length of the plots. The ap-proximate value of the residual pressure was at least 0.33 MPa at a depth of 5 m, which was the cause of the deformation of the tubes. High values of pressures, especially horizontal ones, which were registered in many exploring and mine openings in Chernivtsi region of Ukraine, were sometimes ten times higher than those of the vertical pressures. High values of subsidence as a result of shrinkage may be of significant hazard to buildings and structures because the value of average subsidence for brick buildings with reinforced belts should not exceed 15 cm.
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Use of Landsat Space Images to Assess Wildfire Areas in the Dniester Delta in 2010-2020
Authors V. Medinets, T. Pavlik, Ye. Gazyetov, S. Medinets, N. Kovalova, E. Cherkez and T. KozlovaSummaryAssessment of wildfire traces’ area using LANDS AT multispectral satellite images in the Dniester Delta as in general and on the territory of the Lower Dniester NNP in 2010 – 2020. Data and Methods. LandSat 7 and LandSat 8 multispectral satellite images of for 2010–2020 processed with ARCGIS software package have been used to assess the fire traces’ area. Results. Information on the areas of the wildfires observed in the entire Dniester Delta and on the territory of the Lower Dniester NNP annually from 2010 to 2020 has been presented, analyzed and discussed. Conclusions. It has been shown that maximal wildfire areas were observed in the Dniester Delta in 2019–2020 and 2015–2016, at that the burnt areas made 13010.6 hectares and 11092.8 hectares respectively, which made about 28% of the total Lower Dniester NNP territory. Minimal burnt down areas were registered in 2014–2015 – 326.2 hectares. Maximal wildfire areas were registered on the Lower Dniester NNP territory in 2015–2016 - 6049.2 hectares (28.4% of the NNP area). No wildfires were registered in the NNP in 2014–2015. The methodology of wildfires mapping using space images to establish the boundaries and areas of wildfire traces has been recommended, which in combination with field data facilitates objective assessment of environmental and economic damage from the wildfires on the territory of the nature reserve fund.
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Water balance of lake lebedyne in modern climatic conditions
Authors O. Lukianets and V. GrebinSummaryThe purpose of the study is to clarify the reasons for the shallowing of the once picturesque, rather deep Lake Lebedyne, which is located near the city of Lebedin, Sumy region. For this, the water-balance method was applied. The water balance of the lake is the main characteristic of their hydrological regime and water exchange. For an objective assessment and with aim to identify long-term changes that have already occurred in the water exchange of the lake, the components of the water balance for modern (1991–2019) period was compared to a climatic norm (1961–1990). Based on calculations, it was found that, on average, the total volume of water inflow into the lake in the modern period has decreased compared to the period of the climatic norm by almost 16%. The volume of evaporation from the water surface of the lake increased by an average of almost 8,5%. If during the period of the climatic norm there was a certain accumulation of water in the lake, then in the modern period there is a natural depletion of the volume of water in the lake. The volume of water in the lake decreased by 40–45% approximately.
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Magnetic methods application for the physical and chemical properties assessment of Ukraine soil
Authors O. Tonkha, O. Menshov, O. Bykova, O. Pikovska and I. FedosiySummaryThe special attention require the soil studies in Ukraine according to the introduction of the agricultural land market in Ukraine. That is why our aim was to study the content of silicon compounds of different mobility in soils and its correlation with indicators of soil physicochemical properties. Magnetic methods demonstrated high efficiency and low cost when applying to detect soil erosion, indicate the physicochemical properties, and perform fast soil mapping. Soils of the Mokiyivtsi area have an average pH of 4.9–5.4, the acidity of these soils decreases with increasing content of physical clay, the investigated soils of the Khmelnytsky region have mainly low-deficient silicon balance, both of readily-available and hard-soluble forms. However, individual samples of the Mokiyivtsi area have an average deficiency of silicon, in particular if the evaluation is carried out on the content of readily available (actual) silicon compounds in the arable layer of the studied soils. The results of the magnetic studies confirmed the high degree of relationship between MS and salt extract pH (p = −0.80) for the area Hotkivka.
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Ecological regulation integrated approach through conflicts evaluation: studying, experience and opportunities for landscape regional planning implementation
More LessSummaryEcological regulation integrated approach is depictured as conflicts evaluation at the local level. This landscape ecological method is highly recommended in case of studying and elaboration of sustainable land use management projects, and regional landscape planning implementation. Last one as an integrated approach based on the landscape structure and land use assessment with related land cover changes evaluation, and is aimed to define key aspects of land use management which can regulate social development. Conflicts evaluation by this method was conducted in three main phases: 1) the landscape structure determining; 2) conflicts field and anthropogenic transformational influences detachment; 3) the level of distance from the quasinatural state of landscape distinguishing. There are three types of conflicts that were distinguished and depictured according to its spatial characteristics: dotty and focal, linear and netting, areal. This study results were visualized on maps of the specificity of spatial distribution of landscape ecological conflicts, their different types at local level. Experience of landscape ecological conflicts evaluation in Ukraine at the local level (within the mixed forest tested research area in Sumy region) is a result of considerable effort that has been devoted to the implementation of regional landscape planning.
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Assessment of riverine loads of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Dniester Estuary and the Black Sea over 2010–2019
Authors S. Medinets, N. Kovalova, V. Medinets, A. Mileva, I. Gruzova, I. Soltys, Ev. Cherkez, T. Kozlova, V. Morozov, I. Trombitsky and V. KolvenkoSummaryPurpose of the work was to quantify riverine nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loads to the Dniester Estuary and estimate their contributions to the Black Sea over 2010–2019. Methodology. The data on monthly water discharge and monthly N and P compounds concentrations in surface water monitored in-situ were used. Results and Discussion. Mean annual riverine water discharge to the estuary was 7.9±0.2 km3 (range: 5.6–14.2 km3). Higher variation of water discharges was found in the Turunchuk River (variation coefficient of 38%), 1.7 times higher than in the Dniester River before confluence. Annual TN loads to the estuary varied from 10.8 GgN (2016) to 74.6 GgN (2010), the mean was 25.7±5.8 GgN/year. Mean annual TP load was of 1.16±0.08 GgP/year (range: 0.95–1.66 GgP/year). On average, the shares of organic N and P were 48% and 43% respectively. Nitrates dominated in DIN contributing 84±2%. Conclusions. Dniester water discharge and thus water supply for its deltaic area are strongly dependent on climatic and anthropogenic factors, both affected by climate change. We have found that 25.7±5.8 GgN/year and 1.16±0.08 GgP/year are entering the Dniester Estuary annually. Mean riverine total N and total P loads to the Black Sea made 23.1±5.2 GgN/year and 1.04±0.07 GgP/year.
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Assessment of changes in the main climatic parameters over the territory of Ukraine during the XXI century according to scenarios based on representative concentration pathways (RCP)
Authors S. Snizhko, O. Shevchenko, Iu. Didovets, A. Krukivska and I. KostyrkoSummaryThe assessment of climate change was made for 5 socio-economical and geographical regions of Ukraine till 2100 on the base of climate scenarios from the FP7-funded IMPRESSIONS project. The climate projections constitute a set of seven GCM-RCMs coupled climate simulations with 0.5° resolution under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 forcing by 2100. These GCM/RCM projections were selected to cover the range of projected temperature’s increases in Europe and in Ukraine, which vary according to the RCP forcing as well as to model. The climate simulations were obtained from the CORDEX database (for territory of Ukraine used bias-corrected climatic data from 400 grid points with resolution 50×50 km). These seven climate projections were combined into three sets of low, intermediate, and high-end scenarios. Low-end and high-end scenario show sufficient increasing of air temperature for all regions of Ukraine for the next periods of simulation: middle future (2041–2070) and far future (2071–2100). Increasing of the temperature is expected for both periods after low-end scenario on 1,8 –1,9°C, after intermediate scenario on 2,3–3,4°C and after high-end scenario on 2,8–4,9°C. Changes in the average annual precipitation during XXI century estimate as not sufficient (increasing on 0,5–6%).
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Regional analysis of Ukraine’s prospects for geological disposal of radioactive waste
Authors I. Shybetskyi, V. Shestopalov, I. Koliabina, V. Pochtarenko and L. ShymkivSummaryThe purpose of this paper is to describe the preliminary results of regional analysis of Ukraine aimed at identification the most promising region for geological disposal of radioactive waste. The regional analysis methodology consists in sequential use of the procedures: exclusion, disqualification and estimation. For each procedure was used separate group of criteria, based on the requirements of national regulations and best international practice. Existing geological data and maps were used as initial data for analysis. It was preliminary concluded that Chornobyl Exclusion Zone with adjacent territories is the most promising region for geological disposal of radioactive waste.
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Detection conditions of gas-saturated layers by the result of complex interpretation of non-electrical well logging data
Authors O. Karpenko, M. Myrontsov, I. Karpenko and V. SobolSummaryPossibilities of using non-electrical methods of well logging to detect gas-saturated objects are considered. Determination of the gas saturation coefficient is proposed using two different approaches - traditional according to electro-logging and additional - when estimating the component composition of rocks according to the methods of acoustic and radioactive logging. Significant values of gas saturation, which are recorded according to non-electrical methods, are possible only in the absence of an invaded zone. Leaks of gas-saturated objects in the well sections can lead not only to the loss of part of the gas production reserves, but also to unforeseen accidents during drilling and operation of wells.
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The projections of air temperature in the Northern region of Ukraine following the intermediate scenario (RCP 4.5) and the high-end scenario (RCP 8.5)
Authors S. Snizhko, O. Shevchenko, B. Buznytskyi, A. Krukivska and M. MatviienkoSummaryThe current climate of Ukraine is characterized by asymmetric warming (more significant in the north than in the south), pronounced in the winter and summer months. There is a dangerous tendency to increase the recurrence of arid conditions in the northern region of Ukraine. There is an arid climate rising every year during the vegetation period in this region. The northern region of Ukraine is the most vulnerable to climate change. The trends in surface air temperature change in the region in the 21st century have been studied using modern RCP-scenarios and the global climate model GFDL-ESM2M. The results of the international project ISIMIP in the form of projections of climatic indicators (daily values) for modern trajectories of greenhouse gas concentrations (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5), obtained for 171 nodes of the regular climate network with a step 0.5° for the studied and adjacent territories have been used for research. It is established that warming in the region will be formed due to the growth of mean monthly temperatures in winter from 2.6°C in the south to 3.2°C in the north during the period from 2041 to 2070, and from 4.2°C in the south of the region to 5.0°C in the north and 5.2°C in the east of Sumy region at the end of the 21st century. The smallest changes in surface air temperature are expected in the summer. The largest territorial range of temperature changes will be observed in the spring. Autumn will be characterized by the uniformity of the spatial temperature distribution on the territory.
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Cartographic support of the results of geoinformation monitoring of the environment
Authors E. Bondarenko and M. KyryliukSummaryThe author’s approach to the formation of a system of maps to ensure the results of GIS monitoring of the environment is considered. These are the different types of thematic maps of geo-ecological content. They are selected according to the classification of geographical maps by content. They reflect the state, structure, existing problems, as well as the forecast of the development of relevant phenomena or processes of mapping in space and time within the territories of different spatial levels, etc. in accordance with types of maps by their functionality. It is pointed out that a number of conditions for the construction of GIS environmental monitoring on the basis of GIS software are indicated. The implementation of these conditions generally allows the creation of cartographic works based on the formulated basic principles of mapping. They determine their place and role in GIS monitoring of the environment, as well as are a kind of methodological provisions that outline the content and scope of GIS. The main types of maps that form the system and will provide the results of environmental monitoring are defined inventory, assessment, recommendation and forecast maps in this sequence of their creation by GIS and use for monitoring tasks.
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Thermodynamic modeling and safety assessment of radioactive waste repositories: state of the art in Ukraine
Authors I. Koliabina, I. Shybetskyi and K. YaroshenkoSummaryThis article is devoted to the analysis of experience in using thermodynamic modeling to solve problems related to safe disposal of radioactive waste in Ukraine. It is shown that a number of approaches and models have been developed in Ukraine (models of solid solutions for clay and cement, sorption models, chamber model, etc.), which can be used both to assess the efficiency of EBS components and to assess the geochemical evolution of the geological environment. The possibility of thermodynamic modeling using to take into account physical and chemical interactions in the safety analysis of RAW repositories is also illustrated and the place of this approach in the justification of safety of RW disposal shown is.
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Geological research during 25-th Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition, February – April 2020: Kiev Peninsula of the Graham Coast
Authors O. Mytrokhyn and V. BakhmutovSummaryFrom February to April 2020 the authors carried out geological survey on the Graham Coast of the West Antarctica. The survey was a part of the seasonal researches of 25-th Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition supported by National Antarctic Scientific Center. Studied area was the mainland of the Kiev Peninsula from the Girard Bay to the Collins Bay and nearby islands. It was found out that outcrops of varied intrusive rocks are widely distributed in the inner part of the Kiev Peninsula of the Graham Coast. They are represented by plutonic and hypabyssal facies. Granitoids prevail among other petrographic representative of the intrusive rocks. Granites and granodiorites intrude in the Jurassic volcanites and Early-Cretaceous gabbroids in the Waddington Bay to Bussey Glacier aria. Studied granitoids can belong to the different intrusive complexes. To find out their relative ages it is necessary to complete additional routes on the west slopes of the Mount Mill and Guys Cliff. The parts of the large gabbroic intrusion are exposed in the inner part of the Girard Bay and are intruded by granitoids. Their geological position, age and petrography also need more researches. Erratic boulders additionally confirm the abundance of the granitoids in the inner part of the Kiev Peninsula. Among them red coarse granite deserve special attention as in relation to finding their bedrock and also to the reconstructions of the ancient glaciation namely its extent, thickness and travel routes.
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Results of application of frequency-resonance methods of satellite images processing at the site of an ancient burial location
Authors M. Yakymchuk and I. KorchaginSummaryThe results of application of direct-prospecting methods of satellite images frequency-resonance processing at site of ancient burial location are analyzed. During a satellite image processing of site with burial, responses were recorded from surface at resonant frequencies of phosphorus, carbon, silver, and gold. At the surface of 50 m from upper part of cross-section, responses from gold, silver, carbon, phosphorus, copper, and diamonds were also recorded. By scanning the cross-section from surface, step of 10 cm, responses from silver were recorded in depth interval 18–39 m. The responses at the gold frequencies were recorded from two intervals 20–25.60 m and 32.50–35.80 m when scanning from 18 m with step 1 cm. On the surface of 25.20 m, signals from diamonds, gold, silver, carbon, and phosphorus were obtained from the upper part of cross-section. The experiments carried out showed that during research of an archaeological nature, it is advisable to carry out measurements at survey sites in areal version. The results of experimental work indicate that mobile methods of satellite images frequency-resonance processing can be used to search for combustible and ore minerals, aquifers, as well as when performing archaeological research in areas of ancient settlements for detecting local objects that are promising for further excavations carrying out.
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Approbation of mobile frequency-resonance methods of satellite images and photo images processing at the site of the Hranice Abyss cave complex in Czech Republic
Authors M. Yakymchuk and I. KorchaginSummaryThe results of additional approbation of low-cost direct-prospecting technology of frequency-resonance processing of satellite and photo images on the territory of Hranice Abyss caves location (Czech Republic) are presented. Reconnaissance studies were carried out in order to study the deep structure of the site of caves location, to determine the depth of its distribution. Studies show that caves are located within a volcano of ultramafic rocks with root at depth of 723 km. This volcano is covered from above by the thick layers of marls and siliceous rocks. At depth of 57 km in the volcano there are conditions for the synthesis of oil, condensate, gas, phosphorus. However, a thick stratum of siliceous rocks and marls does not allow hydrocarbons to migrate to the upper parts of cross-section. The recorded interval of 7.70–1016.0 m of responses at water frequencies show that depth of the caves is 1016.0 m and the filling cave water is surface, not deep. The Hranice Abyss caves were formed by epigenetic processes. The results of the direct-prospecting methods testing in various regions of the world testify to their efficiency and practical applicability in the search and exploration of aquifers, as well as ore and combustible minerals.
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Electrical exploration studies of spatio-temporal technogenic changes in the underground hydrosphere of Southern Kryvbas
Authors V. Svystun, P. Pihulevskyi, O. Tiapkin, A. Tolkunov and S. SlobodianiukSummaryThe effectiveness of repeated (monitoring) electrical exploration for the spatio-temporal research of the pollution of underground hydrosphere with liquid mining waste is shown on the example of Southern Kryvbas. Here electrical exploration by the method of vertical electrical sounding (VES) was started in 2008 near the storage pond of highly mineralized mine and open pit waters (of all mining enterprises of Central and South Kryvbas) in Svistunovo gorge. To identify subvertical tectonic faults in sedimentary cover as one of the main ways of vertical and horizontal migration of saline waters from this storage pond, the uniaxial dipole sounding (DOS) was added to the complex of electrical exploration studies in 2016. The results of integration of geoelectric methods VES and DOS made it possible to identify and vertically research the flooded areas with varying degrees of water salinity and the paths of vertical and horizontal migration of highly mineralized mine and open pit waters.
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Exploring the potential of citizen sensing for urban air quality monitoring on the example of Kyiv, Ukraine
More LessSummaryThe system of urban air pollution monitoring is an important tool to observe, model, and manage air quality. The existing system of air pollution monitoring in Kyiv requires modification; at the same time, a citizen network of urban air quality monitoring has been evolving recently. As this alternative system is becoming an important source of data on air pollution, the aim of this study is to perform exploratory data-driven analysis of the citizen air quality monitoring network. The citizen system of urban air quality monitoring in Kyiv includes 133 sensors from 7 citizen science projects collecting data on 18 parameters with a high temporal frequency of 1–10 minutes 24/7. The data allows for the exploration of pollution patterns at high temporal and spatial detail. Inconsistencies in temporal dimensions, data gaps due to sensors inactivity, and absence of data quality flags require the application of advanced techniques of (geo)statistical data preprocessing and analysis. Future applied developments may rely on ground data fusion with remote observations for the purposes of remote datasets verification and downscaling.
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Analysis of the complex vegetation index considering greenness and shortwave infrared to determine anomalies in the vegetation spectral characteristics caused by hydrocarbon deposits
Authors S.I. Golubov, A.I. Vorobyov, O.V. Sedlerova, M.S. Lubskyi and I.O. PiestovaSummaryIn this study, the authors analyzed the possibilities of using the standard Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the finer Vegetation Index considering Greenness and Shortwave infrared (VIGS). Above hydrocarbon deposits, the vegetation state is affected by metal oxides and dioxides formed during the oxidation of soil trace elements. This fact allowed the authors to suggest the possibility of using the VIGS-to determine the anomalies of the vegetation spectral characteristics caused by hydrocarbon deposits. In the course of the work, the Landsat ETM + satellite data were sequentially processed in order to statistically calculate the probability of detecting anomalies in the vegetation spectral characteristics. Anomalies were identified based on the calculation of the values of the vegetation spectral indices (NDVI and VIGS) for 26 pairs of polygons built within the known deposits and beyond them for areas with homogeneous vegetation. The probability of recognizing anomalies for the NDVI is 66%, for the VIGS - 75%. There is a significant (85%) correlation between the NDVI and VIGS values for gas and oil and gas and 90% for oil fields. This approach can be used as a means of additional exploration of hydrocarbon deposits in areas with known explored deposits and as an auxiliary one when performing geological prospecting works in order to identify new deposits.
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Geological and economic aspect of brine processing as a tool for normalization of the Pre-Carpathian Depression’s natural balance in the context of general monitoring of the region’s ecological state
By S. KosharnaSummaryBrines are one of the reasons of a number of environmental and economic problems in the Pre-Carpathian Depression. The permanent ecosystem’s imbalance, in particular of the water one, as well as the need for regular budget allocations to prevent environmental disasters, including situations within protected areas, demonstrates the imperfection of existing methods and tools aimed to ensure the planned development of the region. Based on the analysis of monitoring data for the recent years and the main characteristics of global brine processing technologies, the theory of brine accumulation sites integration into region’s healthy ecosystem by optimizing the industry’s technological base in terms of economic and environmental benefits was proposed. The success indicators of the proposed approach and its direct impact on the stabilization of the level of ecological safety and level of material welfare increase are determined.
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Comparative analysis of methods for determination of poristicity coefficients of complex constructed collectors (on the example of Khidnovytsk deposit)
Authors O.N. Trubenko, D.D. Fedoryshyn, S.D. Fedoryshyn, Y.V. Bezanyuk and A.O. TrubenkoSummaryThe study of collector properties characteristics of reservoir rocks of Lower Sarmatian deposits in the Khidnovytsia gas field was carried out. The porosity coefficients of reservoirs were determined by different methods of well logging on the basis of petrophysical modeling.
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Research of the stressed state of saline rocks of Prykarpattia deposits under the influence of thermobaric conditions
Authors I.M. Kovbasiuk, O.B. Martsynkiv, Y.M. Femiak, I.I. Vytvytskyi and Y.D. ZhdanovSummaryThe analysis of industrial data on casing string collapse was carried out at Oriv-Ulychniansky oil field and in the fields of the Dolyna region. It was found that the occurrence of salt-bearing rock intervals in the well section as well not taking into account the effect of rock pressure have the greatest negative impact on the integrity of the casing strings when designing casing strings in such rocks. Based on experimental studies with core material from wells in the Prykarpattia fields, the effect of pressure and temperature conditions on the fluidity of salts has been researched, which make up the section of Vorotyshchenska suite. It is found that at temperatures above 70°C the coefficient of lateral expansion of these deposits is equal to one. For such conditions, it is recommended to calculate the casing strings for external excess pressure, taking into account the rock pressure.
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Ecological risks in the optics of sociological analysis
Authors V. Chepak and O. BezrukovaSummaryIn modern sociology, it is already recognized that any social analysis must include an ecological slice. Otherwise, the analysis will be incomplete. Sociologists are interested in the natural environment as a physical component of social interests, in particular the environmental safety of society. First of all, it is about the biophysical properties of the environment related to environmental hygiene, which means ecologically safe living conditions. In addition, attention is focused on environmental issues, which are “tied” to the immediate natural environment of social communities, and in the time continuum are characterized by presentism
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Results of a survey within gas seeps area on Brazilian offshore using frequency-resonance methods of satellite images and photo images processing
Authors M. Yakymchuk and I. KorchaginSummaryThe paper presents the results of survey within area of gas seeps location on Brazilian offshore. Experimental studies using direct-prospecting technology of satellite and photo images frequency-resonance processing were carried out to study the features of deep structure at site of seeps location. The results of instrumental measurements indicate that the survey area on offshore is located above a sedimentary rocks volcano, within which the synthesis of oil, condensate and gas is carried out at the border of 57 km. In the contours of such volcanoes, there are deep channels through which oil, condensate and gas migrate to upper horizons of cross-section and can replenish the already formed hydrocarbon deposits. In the absence of reliable seals over such channels, oil, condensate and gas migrate into water column, and gas further into atmosphere. During this migration, gas seeps are formed on the seabed and oil slicks on water surface. Additional evidence has been obtained in favor of oil, condensate and gas abiogenic genesis. Numerous facts of fixing signals from oil, condensate and gas at the boundary of their synthesis 57 km on Brazilian offshore and in other regions of world indicate of abiogenic methane migration into Earth’s atmosphere in colossal volumes!
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Modelling of Late Pleistocene climatic hazards in the estimation of risk for the future abrupt climatic deterioration
Authors N. Gerasimenko, O. Bonchkovskyi and I. KovalchukSummaryThe aim of the study is a quantitative estimation of the scale of changes in palaeoclimatic parameters that occurred at the interface between the short-lived cold and warm events during the Late Pleistocene, and, particularly, at the late phases of the last interglacial. The latter is regarded as an analogue of the modern interglacial, and, thus, the modelling of climatic parameters of short and abrupt events of the past is a useful tool for estimation of possible future climate change. Two independent methodologies for palaeoclimatic reconstructions were applied in the same deposits, corresponding to the thresholds in climatic regimes: the transition from the last interglacial to the early glacial, and the interfaces between warm interstadials and stadials of the last glacial. One methodology is based on pollen data (the climatogram approach) and another reveals climatic indices on the basis of analogy with the modern cryogenic structures distribution. The studied sites are located in N and NE Ukraine, and the results obtained show the existence of climatic hazards (the drop in MAAT, T7, and, particularly, in T1 and precipitation). The quantitative palaeoclimatic parameters demonstrate the necessity for elaboration of future climatic scenarios for assessment of risks and socioeconomic adaptations within societies in the modern temperate latitudes.
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Structure and inhabitants of the lakes and ponds on Uruguay Island (the Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctica)
Authors A. Chernov, D. Pishniak, V. Trokhymets and T. BilyiSummaryThis paper shows the results of seasonal investigations, which were done on Uruguay Island (the Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctica) during the period February–April 2020 on four sites. The topography of pounds’ and lake’s bottom was investigated with VIY3-300 GPR. Previously unknown lake under ice cap was found, its water surface was mapped and presence of water is proven by drilling. New findings of the biological organisms on the sites are described.
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Rates of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to agricultural and natural lands within the Lower Dniester catchment
Authors S. Medinets, A. Mileva, S. Kotogura, I. Gruzova, N. Kovalova, O. Konareva, E. Cherkez, T. Kozlova, V. Medinets, V. Derevencha and N. RozhenkoSummaryPurpose of the work was to quantify and compare the rates of atmospheric bulk nitrogen (N) deposition to the natural wetland and two managed areas within the Lower Dniester catchment in 2011–2019. Methodology. To collect atmospheric bulk (dry and wet) deposition we used custom-made accumulative samplers. We determined dissolved inorganic N (DIN) compounds in samples with ion chromatography and water soluble and total N (TN) with routine wet chemistry. Results and Conclusions. Croplands in the Lower Dniester basin have been recognized as a highly N polluted areas being both local sink and potential source of TN acting as a local threat for nearby natural and semi-natural ecosystems. Mean annual TN depositions have been quantified to be 20.1±0.3, 14.1±0.1 and 10.0±0.3 kgN/ha for cropland, garden and natural wetland sites respectively. We have found significant increase of NH4 + and decreased of NO3 − in DIN deposition with overall decrease and stabilization of DIN in 2018–2019. Substantial contribution of ‘previously unaccounted’ TON (66–72%) to TN was assumed to be region-specific. Besides, ca. 52–68% of water soluble TN had an organic origin and could be considered as additional easy available N source for both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems within the study region.
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Prediction and stabilization of landslides based on their classification
Authors A.M. Yagolnyk, S.V. Bida, I.I. Lartseva and M.O. VovkSummaryIntensive urban development leads to the loss of large areas of agricultural land. Therefore, in recent decades, the efforts of designers are aimed at the development of areas with unfavorable engineering and geological conditions – soils that have the properties of subsidence or swelling, bulk and alluvial massifs etc. If the steepness of the slopes exceeds 5°, they are landslide-prone and special attention needs to be paid to ensuring the stability of the slopes, taking into account the anthropogenic impact. Given that landslides are common in almost 50% of Ukraine, the relevance of studying the stability of slopes is beyond doubt. Existing landslides classifications are based on various specific features that are not related to each other, which does not allow to qualitatively and fully assess the state of the slope and choose the most effective measures to prevent landslides or to combat their development. Therefore, the aim of the research was to develop a general classification of landslide processes, which would allow to comprehensively characterize the landslide process, predict the possibility of landslide development and wort out effective anti-landslide measures. We can identify five main features that researchers considered the most important: the genesis and nature of the development of landslide, the characteristics of the landslide mass, the shape of the sliding surface and the activity of landslide processes. As a result of the conducted researches the classification which allows to consider the influence of all factors and features of conditions on a possibility of development of landslide processes was comprehensively developed. The use of such a classification in the future will greatly facilitate the work to prevent the emergence of new or stabilize the development of existing landslides, as well as the design of engineering solutions for the protection of landslides.
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Magnetic susceptibility and heterogeneities of agronomic indicators of soil as a tool for water erosion assessment
Authors O. Kruglov, O. Menshov, S. Kovalenko, P. Nazarok and O. AndreevaSummaryThe crucial aim of the present studies is to show the significant role of the mathematical modeling of leaching and application of the magnetic methods for the identification of the heterogeneities of the agronomic indicators of soils. The studies were performed at the territory of the monitoring fields of NSC “Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O.N. Sokolovsky”. The area is the Forest-Steppe at the Kharkiv region. The predominant soils are typical chernozemz and podzolic chernozemz (in Sokolovskiy classification). The main parameter to find the correlation with soil physical parameters was magnetic susceptibility MS (χ). The section A is characterized by low values of potential soil losses. At the same time for the section B, the potential washout significantly exceeds the rate of the natural soil formation. The results showed no relationship between MS and macronutrient content (ρ = 0.05...0.27). The relationship between MS and Sorg content is much higher (ρ = 0.45... 0.57). The relation between Sorg and mineral nitrogen content is medium.
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Geoinformation maintenance of the territory of Chornobilskiy radio-ecological biosphere reserve for monitoring conduction
Authors N. Lazorenko-Hevel, B. Denysiuk, I. Halius and V. ZatserkovnyiSummaryThe state and prospects of application of geoinformation systems (GIS) to solve monitoring tasks of nature protected territories of Ukraine are investigated. The results of the first in Ukraine project of geoinformation support of the territory of the Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve (CBR) for monitoring conduction is introduced; it is based on a geospatial database (SDB) of the reserve, which was created using an feature-oriented approach based on national standards of Ukraine DSTU 8774:2018 “Geographical information. Rules for geospatial data modeling” and DSTU ISO 19110: 2017 “Geographic information - Methodology for feature cataloging”. An information and reference geoportal of the territory and facilities of the Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve has been created, which makes it possible to provide public access to the current monitoring information of the CBR based on the ArcGISOnline platform to a wide range of users. The use of the developed specialized algorithms of geoinformation analysis and modeling for monitoring of a radiation pollution condition of CBR is offered.
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