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15th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment
- Conference date: November 17-19, 2021
- Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
- Published: 17 November 2021
1 - 20 of 107 results
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Chemical composition of water and ion runoff of the Western Bug, Narew and Vistula rivers (Baltic Sea Basin)
Authors V. K. Khilchevskyi, M. R. Zabokrytska and L. V. PlichkoSummaryThe purpose of this paper is characterize the chemical composition of water (by major ions and mineralization), as well as the ionic runoff of the Western Bug, Narew and Vistula rivers (the territory of Poland and Ukraine). In our work we used the results of our own research of the Western Bug (1971–2015) and the publication of Polish scientists about other rivers. Mineralization of river water is: Western Bug – 539 mg‧dm−3; Narew - 379 mg‧dm−3; Vistula - 449 mg‧dm−3. The total ion flow of three rivers was calculated, n‧103 tons per year: Western Bug - 2587; Narew - 4025; Vistula - 13827 (to the Baltic Sea). The ion runoff index (tons‧km−2 per year) was also calculated.
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Hydrographic characteristics of the Shatsk Lakes according to the EU Water Framework Directive
Authors V. K. Khilchevskyi, M. P. Pasichnyk, L. V. Ilyin, M. R. Zabokrytska and O. V. IlyinaSummaryShatsk lakes are located in the north-west of Ukraine in the interfluve of the Western Bug and Pripyat in the wetlands of the Upper Pripyat lowland. There are 28 lakes in the group. The borders of Poland and Belarus are nearby. The aim of the work was the typification of Shatsk lakes in accordance with the requirements of the Water Framework Directive of the European Union (EU WFD), taking into account the area of the water table, the height of the catchment area, the average depth and distribution of geological rocks. The results showed that very small in area (66%) and shallow in depth (87%) lakes prevail here. Although there are two large lakes in area and medium in depth (Svityaz and Pulemetske).
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Water conflicts and Ukraine: Donbas region
Authors V. K. Khilchevskyi and K. V. MezentsevSummaryWater (or water system) can be a trigger, weapon, or casualty of conflict. In Ukraine, water conflicts occur during the war in the Donbas. The purpose of the study is assess the impact of the war in the Donbas on the number of water conflicts, their types and how they affect the state of water supply to the population in the region during 2014–2020. Due to the fighting in the Donbass, 12 significant damages occurred on the water supply systems, when the water supply to 400 thousand people was suspended. Taking into account minor incidents, dozens of damages occur per year, for example, in 2018 there were 89. Water systems in the Donbass suffering from hostilities, according to the classification of water conflicts of the Pacific Institute, are of the “casualty” type. Unfortunately, the victims are water workers, 9 dead and 26 injured. During the shutdown of water pipelines due to incidents, the quality of the water that people has to use deteriorates (in terms of mineralization, water hardness, sulfates).
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Water resources of Ukraine: assessment based on the FAO AQUASTAT database
More LessSummaryThe purpose of the study is assess the water resources of Ukraine for the first time on the basis of the database of the international organization of the United Nations (FAO), which integrates information on water resources in all countries of the world. In this study, statistically processed materials of the global information system FAO AQUASTAT for the period 1988–2017 were used.
The following results were obtained for Ukraine: internal renewable water resources are - 55.1 km3; total renewable water resources - 175.3 km3. In terms of total renewable water resources per person (3964 m3/year/person), as of 2017, Ukraine ranked 27th among 50 European countries. In terms of internal renewable water resources per person (1246 m3/year/person), Ukraine ranked 37th in Europe.
Almost all figures for individual components of water resources in Ukraine, which are given in FAO AQUASTAT, differ to a certain extent from those in Ukrainian publications. This methodological problem should be paid special attention to by Ukrainian specialists.
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Hypsometry of Google Earth as an instrument of monitoring agricultural activity on the coast of Kremenchuk reservoir
By S. P. LashkoSummaryOn the Kremenchuk reservoir there is a constant destruction of the coasts, with the movement of the coastline to land. In connection with, it is necessary to correct the position of the coastal protective zone, which is installed on the shores of reservoirs, and to monitor agricultural activities on the coast of the reservoir. An effective monitoring instrument is the interactive Google Earth Pro maps, provided with GPS navigation, scale and the function of building hypsometry on paved routes. The study reveals methodical approaches for determining the steepness of the reservoir coast and the boundaries of the coastal protective zone based on Google Earth images. In particular, specific monitoring data were established for an agricultural plot on the northern outskirts of the village Stetsivka Chyhyryn territorial community of Cherkasy district. The application of the doubled width of the coastal protective zone in this part of the reservoir is substantiated. The average slope of the coast on the route of the study is: within the coastal protective zone in width 100 m – 10.7% or 6.11 degrees; within the coastal protective zone in width 200 m – 8.7% or 4.97 degrees. The limited regime of economic activity is subject to a strip of problematic agricultural plot in a width of 52 m.
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Lithological and facies models of productive strata of the Lower Kura sag and channels joining the hydrocarbon generation source with deposits
Authors N. P. Yusubov, T. N. Shikhmammadova and A. K. MammadovaSummaryDespite the more than 80-year period of oil and gas fields operation in the Lower Kura depression, all the details of their geological structure, fluid and dynamic processes, which took place in the formation of oil and gas deposits here, are still unknown. Therefore, studies that aimed at clarifying the sedimentation models of structures, discovered in the Lower Kura depression, and the processes involved in the formation of multi-layer hydrocarbon deposits confined to them, are urgent. The work is carried out by using an integrated interpretation of geophysical well logging data (GWL) and three-dimensional seismic survey accumulated in the most representative area where the Garabagly field is located.
The purpose of the work was to build a volumetric model representing the field like a multidimensional object, contained the geological structure of the area at the most, and made it possible to study the processes of sedimentation and formation of deposits in the Lower Kura depression.
The lithological cube is generated by taking into consideration the structural features of the paleo channels, the extension of the distribution of sedimentary bodies, the connectivity of individual layers and their distribution in the vertical and lateral directions. As a result, the nature of the processes specified the spread of channel sediments in the studied area, the role of mud volcanism in the maturation of deposits, and the spatial position of faults supplying multilayer deposits due to the generated fluids at Maikop series, were determined. Generated three-dimensional geological model made possible to conclude the reduction of oil and gas resources in the deposits, to choose the most reasonable scenario for the development of fields in the Lower Kura depression. Based on the obtained results, it was possible to clarify the details of the geological structure of multilayer deposits founded in the Lower Kura depression, and the features of their distribution at three-dimensional space.
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National Hydrometeorological Service in Ukraine - 100 Years of System Monitoring (1921–2021)
Authors V. I. Osadchyi, V. K. Khilchevskyi and V. O. ManukaloSummaryNovember 19, 2021, marks the 100th anniversary of the National Hydrometeorological Service of Ukraine. This article presents results of studies devoted to the history of formation and development of multifaceted activities of the Hydrometeorological Service, its importance in ensuring the sustainable socio-economic development of the country. The main attention is focused on consideration of the period that began from 1991 - the year of the proclamation of the state independence of Ukraine and the beginning of formation of the National Hydrometeorological Service. In 1999, the Law of Ukraine “On Hydrometeorological Activity” was adopted, in which the term “National Hydrometeorological Service” appeared firstly. A number of legal acts in the field of hydrometeorological activities were adopted by the Ukrainian Government, modern methods and technologies for conducting meteorological and hydrological observations and forecasting were introduced. In the difficult economic conditions, the Hydrometeorological Service managed to ensure the development in many areas of activities, to maintain, and in some areas, to expand observation networks, to introduce new types of hydrometeorological products and services for end - users. All these measures allowed the Hydrometeorological Service to gain the respect of others hydrometeorological services of Europe and the World Meteorological Organization.
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Greening and development monitoring to create a comfortable urban environment
Authors O. Havrylenko, P. Shyshchenko, V. Samoilenko, L. Bilous and D. YesypchukSummaryThe purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to perform monitoring the urban green space (UGS) and built-up areas ratio within the limits of Kyiv as a future compact and green city. This means that monitoring should be done for the timely detection of undesirable changes of the UGS-to-built-up area ratio rather than for the traditional fixation of decreasing or increasing UGS areas in a particular district of the city. To achieve the goal, we drew up a map of the spatial distribution of UGS and the built-up area and found that in some Kyiv districts this ratio is highly violated in favour of high-density development. We also determined the extent to which Kyiv infrastructure meets the key criteria of environmental comfort of compact and green cities. The basic indicators were chosen as follows: average population density, building coverage ratio, green coverage ratio, atmosphere emissions from stationary pollution sources. Using estimation scales, we ranked Kyiv districts by their living comfort characteristics. Three districts located in the city centre have the lowest living comfort rating. They are characterized by the biggest population and development density, high atmospheric air pollution and the lowest share of UGS as compared to other Kyiv districts. Planning activities aimed at smoothing the differences between the UGS-to-built-up area ratio to improve the level of urban living comfort, among other things, have to be built on the results of integrated monitoring. Such monitoring foresees the identification of problematic locations, use of GIS technologies, space and aerial photography with unmanned aerial vehicles jointly with other conventional ground-based observation methods.
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Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve as an indicator for ecological tourism active development in Ukraine
Authors M. Bieloborodova, V. Voloshin, N. Belopolsky, S. Bessonova and L. BondarenkoSummaryThe research is devoted to the proving of the existence of prerequisites for the active development of ecological tourism in the Ukrainian regions. The Environmental Kuznets Curve was constructed through the ratio of air emissions and gross regional product per capita during 2005–2018. It was concluded that all studied territories, including Dnipro, Kharkiv, Lviv, Kyiv and Zaporizhzhia regions passed the return point of the curve at the beginning of the second seven-year study period (2012–2018). Furthermore, only Odessa region is characterized by the most stable trends in the greening of tourism in connection with the turning point of EKC in the first seven-year explored period (2005–2011). The existence of social and market preconditions for the active development of ecological tourism in Ukraine and its largest tourist regions has been proved. Further research in this direction are to expand the list of emissions of harmful substances for greater specification of EKC, as well as to specify the directions of regional environmental policy in the field of promotion and dissemination of ecological tourism.
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Monitoring of graphite production in Ukraine
Authors V. A. Mykhailov, V. M. Zagnitko and N. M. LyzhachenkoSummaryThe demand for many resources in world is increasing significantly due to their growing importance for indus-trial and technological development. Graphite, especially, high quality graphite can be used in many industrial applications including refractory, batteries, fuel cells, metallurgy ect. Innovation techniques will cause an increas-ing of graphite demand and the global market value of graphite is expected to growth. Ukraine has one of the larg-est reserves of natural graphite in the world. Main graphite deposits of Ukraine are related to Precambrian meta-morphic rocks of the Ukrainian Shield. According to the State balance of Ukraine, there are six graphite deposits one of them currently under development by Ltd. Zavallia graphite. The mining profitability is ensured by graphite quality, location, lithological and mineralogical characteristics of deposits. The graphite mining, ore processing, geological situation and total resources of the most important deposits as well as general analysis of Ukrainian graphite province and global market overview are given in the paper.
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Podilian Tovtry: the uniqueness of their nature, anthropogenization and the necessity to preserve
Authors Hr. I. Denysyk, V. S. Kanskyi and V. V. KanskaSummaryThe article considers the problem of unique natural objects’ anthropogenization, their current state, possible measures for rational use and preservation. Model unique natural object – Podilian Tovtry. It is noted that the uniqueness of the Podilian Tovtry is due to the process of their formation in the coastal zone of the Miocene seas and their further development as a continental coral structure. At the beginning of the XXI century, there are no such natural objects as Podilian Tovtry in Europe. Everything is unique here: the geological structure and the surface forms with the existing karst formations, the microclimate and the water masses, the soils and the partially preserved flora and fauna. It is shown that the natural uniqueness did not restrain the active economic, mainly mining, development of the Podilian Tovtry. It can lead to the loss of not only the geological but also the natural uniqueness of this object. The measures to restore the Podilian Tovtry and their gradual transformation into the status of the «Tovtry Barrier Reef Geopark» have been proposed. As an example, Podilian Tovtry is considered as an original natural object with the significant reserves of limestone, long-term irrational use of which can lead to the gradual destruction of this unique object of world importance.
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Monitoring of anthropogenic impact in the Left Bank Dnipro and the Eastern Ukrainian regions
Authors V. Samoilenko, L. Bilous, O. Havrylenko and I. DibrovaSummaryMonitoring of anthropogenic impact was implemented for the Left Bank Dnipro and the Eastern Ukrainian physic-geographic regions. Monitoring used modern spatial data bases and progressive model scheme for cumulative distribution of land use and/or land cover (LULC) systems in physic-geographic taxons. The scheme operates with 10 types of this distribution and the relevant 10 categories of anthropogenic impact intensity from weak to excessively strong. The monitoring results show that a concave distribution is prevalent in the Left Bank Dnipro region, concerning 76% of its districts and marking the low-categorical strong anthropogenic impact on them. This is caused by the fact that only 9% of the regional area belongs to geo-positive LULC systems, such as broad‐leaved and coniferous forest, wetland and nature-protection systems. And more than 90% of the regional area are covered with geo-negative and very geo-negative systems, primary non-forest and broad‐leaved forest tilled, village built-up, recreational and geo-negative hydromelioration systems. In 90% of Eastern Ukrainian region districts the low-categorical strong anthropogenic impact is monitored. This is due to the presence of LULC systems similar to the first region. The applied procedure and the obtained results can be used in regional schemes and projects to optimize the environmental management and to ensure environment sustainable development.
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Lithologic subdivision of the geological cross section of the Rusko-Komarivske field by the gamma spectrometry method
Authors O. N. Trubenko, D. D. Fedoryshyn, V. V. Humeniuk, S. D. Fedoryshyn and M. V. HumeniukSummaryA detailed analysis of the lithologo-petrographic and mineralogical characteristics of reservoir rocks of the Rusko-Komarivske field has been conducted. The coefficients of porosity and gas saturation of productive Neogene sediments have been determined by various methods of borehole geophysical surveys (BGS) with the use of petrophysical modelling.
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Methodical aspects and results of the assessment of the ecological risk of pollution of soils of the Ukrainian Danube region
Authors M. Serbov, O. Hryb, L. Ivanova, Ya. Yarov and K. HrybSummaryThe paper deals with assessment of the ecological risks of pollution of soil of the Ukrainian Danube region. The results are presented on the basis of the conducted field and laboratory studies. It was concluded that the condition of land resources of the Danube region of Ukraine is “unsatisfactory”. The risk of the soil ecosystem instability in the majority of the region areas is assessed as “high”. The monitoring data pertaining to the sites where useless plant protection chemicals are stored indicate that the maximum permissible concentrations of certain pollutants surpass the standards by 5–32 times. The ecological condition of soils is assessed as “medium” – “bad” while the risks are on the level varying between “considerable” to “high”. For the first time ever for the Ukrainian Danube region a comprehensive assessment of the ecological risk of soil pollution, which included assessment of the risk of instability of the soil ecosystem resulting from storage of useless plant protection chemicals, was performed. Analysis of the existing methodologies for assessment of the ecological risk of soil pollution enabled to develop and apply recommendations how to use indicator values describing the ecological condition with due account of the physical degradation and pollution criteria.
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Experimental studies of nitrogen fertilizers emissions from the catchment area
Authors Yu. Luzovitska, N. Osadcha and O. UkhanSummaryThe intensification of agriculture is closely related to the use of fertilizers, which has led to a significant increase in the pollution of waters. Globally, the share of diffuse water pollution has exceeded the role of point sources. Experimental studies on small plots were conducted to assess the impact of fertilizers on the nitrogen leaching from the catchment area during snowmelt event. Ammonium nitrate in dose of 300 kg per ha was applied to one of the plots. 18.6% of nitrogen compounds were additionally leached from the fertilized plot compare to the control one. In the undisturbed conditions the nitrogen emission is equally provided by surface flow and a subsurface flow, whereas upon applying fertilizers it is almost completely determined by a subsurface flow -97%. Obtained data showed that 96% of N water emission within agricultural area are provided by fertilizers. Due to good solubility the nitrate leaching from catchment was significantly higher in comparison with the ammonium form. The part of NO3- compounds in a surface flow was 42% in natural conditions and 2% on the fertilized plot. It was 58% and 98% correspondingly in a subsurface flow. Fertilizer application did not increase ammonium outcome from the catchment.
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The effectiveness of ground-penetrating radar surveys on the territory of Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra
Authors K. Bondar and S. TaranenkoSummaryBased on the analysis of previous archaeological excavations, GPR data obtained in past years and recent measurements in Metropolitan Garden, relevant applications for the method of ground-penetrating radar in Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra were outlined.
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Concepts of modern field 3d model creation
By O. NoskovSummaryPaper describes modern approaches to create a 3D model of a hydrocarbon field, briefly describes required qualifications of the modelers team and their roles in 3D model creation. Using Schlumberger software as infrastructure for modeling process, one can create all-round model for exploitation and exploration purposes.
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3D model of Komyshnianske field. Challengies and way forward
By O. NoskovSummaryThe paper shows results of 3D model creation of Komyshnyanske field, its data incorporation and results of classical approach to 3D modeling. Lists uncertainties caused by lack of sedimentation analysis and poor correlativity of productive horizons to seismic field in terms of resolution, elevates necessity of sequence stratigraphic analysis as a possible solution to overcome them.
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Geospatial modelling and monitoring the basin landscape territorial structure for land use conflicts assessment
More LessSummaryThe results of geospatial modelling of the basin landscape territorial structure (BLTS) are depicted as a basis for land use conflicts assessment at the local level. The BLTS modelling and monitoring as an integrated approach was elaborated on the example of the mixed forest research area. This structure is imagined as a complicated, hierarchically ordered, set of subsystems, the section of the earth’s surface with the same type of positional conditions and genetic-morphological landscape features, a certain totality of physical-geographic processes that caused typical materially-energy exchange, the material moving, moisture exchange and migration of chemical elements, types of natural resource management systems. Its modelling was conducted in four main phases that help us to identify the location, size, etc. of the water body, the hydromorphological changes and ecological alteration(s); the stream order and watershed basin order; the basin positional-morphological landscape territorial system and subsystem; how interests of sectors presented in the landscapes of the area. Also, it represents a specific attempt to discover ecological conflicts of human interests on relationships with the BLTS environment. This landscapeological method is highly recommended in the case of studying and elaboration of sustainable land use management projects and landscape planning implementation.
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Statistical estimation of the ergodicity of the series of the average monthly runoff of the Desna River and its correlation characteristics
Authors S. Moskalenko and L. MalytskaSummaryThe work’s aim is to study the average monthly water discharge of the Desna River as an ergodic periodically correlated random process. Due that, the methods of the theory of random functions are applied. The assessment of the statistical characteristics (periodic functions of mathematical expectation, dispersion and correlation functions) was carried out according to the data of hydrological observations on the Desna River (Chernigov) for 1920–2015. The formed time series with a discreteness step of one month consists of 1152 indicators of average monthly water flow rates. According to estimates of mathematical expectation and dispersion with a correlation period of twelve months, we obtained a model of ergodic random process. According to the correlation matrix of the average monthly water discharge, the ordinates of the function for each month of the year are obtained. It is concluded that in the water regime of the Desna River the highest runoff occurs in April-May - the passage of spring floods. For all other months - low water. Water flow variability is highest in March-May. In addition, for April and May, unlike the low-flow months, there is no relationship between the water runoff of these months and the other months of the year.
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