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15th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment
- Conference date: November 17-19, 2021
- Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
- Published: 17 November 2021
41 - 60 of 107 results
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Development of criteria of impact of the transportation facilities projected construction, exploitation, maintenance and reconstruction activities on the environment
Authors O. Trofymchuk, V. Khrutba, Y. Anpilova, V. Lukianova and O. BarabashSummaryThe aim of the work is to establish quantitative indicators of environmental impact assessment (EIA) of planned activities for construction, operation, repair and reconstruction of transport facilities.
The analysis has shown that there is no uniform system of EIA criteria in projects of construction and reconstruction of transport facilities, both in the system of environmental management and environmental safety, and in studies of design activities. These criteria depend on the specifics of the project, its environment and the problem the project aims to solve.
The environmental impact assessment at the motor roads construction and reconstruction (maintenance) method is used in the work based on the Leopold matrix, and the assessment of the project impact on the environment is carried out using the Harrington function on the example of the N-31 Dnipro - Tsarychanka - Kobelyaky – Reshetylivka.
Based on the Harrington function, conformity of the subjective assessment of an analyst and characteristics of the object (values of parameters) is set to determine the assessment of the impact of the motor road reconstruction (maintenance) processes. The general impact of the project on the environment is satisfying (lower-middle). The project is approved after a minor refinement.
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Risk management in the method of calculating the economic effect of a closed air purification system
Authors Y. V. Logvinov, O. E. Laktionova, A. A. Melikhov, V. Kolosok, M. Vereskun and N. G. MandraSummaryThe mechanism of operation of a closed filtration and ventilation system with devices for cleaning the air from pollutants in metallurgical production, including during the repair of worn-out metallurgical equipment by surfacing, is proposed. The system determines the concentration of the main pollutants (solid particles (dust / aerosol undifferentiated in composition), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide). The concentration of priority specific pollutants is measured: formaldehyde, ammonia, phenol, hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide. When choosing a priority list of specific substances, the emissions of each substance were taken into account. At the end of the hazard identification stage for each of the selected substances from the surfacing zone, the most harmful substances (manganese, silicon, carbon, nickel and oxide compounds of manganese, iron, silicon) were identified; potentially sensitive groups of welders. The influence of risk management in calculating the economic effect from the introduction of a closed air purification system has been investigated. The factors are presented in a form of formulas. New methods, that allow taking into account risk management when calculating the economic effect of the influence of harmful substances during surfacing, are proposed. A system of grading the severity of effects, used in establishing a class for assessing the impact of harmful substances, is proposed. The algorithm, that simulates the consideration of the risk management criterion in monitoring and in operational analysis when making management decisions in a closed air purification system, has been formed.
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A new approach to determination effective reservoir thickness in thin-layered anisotropic strata based on well surveys
Authors O. Karpenko, G. Bashkirov and M. MyrontsovSummaryDetermining the effective thicknesses of reservoirs in thin-layer anisotropic strata is a rather difficult task. Existing methods for determining the effective thicknesses in such strata are characterized by a subjective approach and ambiguity of the results. The proposed method is based on the determination of the effective thickness by the methods of gamma-ray logging (GR) and micro-logging (ML) with its subsequent correction. Adjustment of the determined effective thickness of sand layers is based on approximation of distribution of open porosity values by triangular distribution, and definition of a share of sand layers with size of open porosity coefficient, more than its limiting size. The proposed approach contributes to a more accurate (reliable) determination of the calculated parameters in the geological and economic assessment of hydrocarbon deposits.
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Analysis of the relationships between the epicenters of seismic events and electrical conductivity anomalies within the tectonic platform of the territory of Ukraine
More LessSummaryGeophysical investigations of recent decades shows the wide distribution the seismic and geoelectric inhomogeneities in the consolidated earth’s crust among continents. The main role in their formation belongs to fluids and deep fluid systems. The area of development of deformations in fluid-saturated zones of the consolidated crust is mainly their upper parts. The focus of crustal earthquakes are concentrated mostly above the upper part of the conductive layers.
Earthquake focuses, as well as anomalies of high electrical conductivity, mainly correlate with active deep tectonic faults and joint zones of different age geological structures. A striking example of such a situation is the manifestations of seismic activity in the Kirovograd anomalies of electrical conductivity.
In summary, we can say that the characteristic of earthquake focuses of the platform part of Ukraine is their confinement to the boundary boundaries of the crust of low-impedance conductivity anomalies. The mechanism of electrical conductivity is explained by the filling of the pore-crack space with fluids, which are a source of reduced resistance inside the earth’s crust and contribute to the release of accumulated seismic energy.
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Improving management of environmental risk from urbanized areas highways' air pollution (on an example of Kyiv city)
Authors V. Trysnyuk, R. Sipacov, O. Lebid, T. Trysnyuk, V. Prystupa and L. HoroshkovaSummaryIn the work according to the proposed scenario, the concentrations of secondary formaldehyde pollution from road transport near the main overpasses were calculated at the maximum monthly concentrations and the environmental risks to public health for the conditions of Kyiv were calculated. The results of calculations for the most polluted interchanges in Kyiv are visually presented.
An online system (web portal) of environmental analysis, created on the basis and using ArcGIS solutions (Environmental Analysis) for assessing and understanding the potential ecological risk impact on the environment and public health, taking into account the predicted indicators of formaldehyde concentrations from vehicles at the time of designing the development of city infrastructure (automobile highway), allows you to optimize the environmental impact assessment and reduce the time that needed for required to review the project by government agencies and environmental organizations.
The model creates a real-time forecast (synchronization of data on the calculation of formaldehyde concentrations) for each point (highways) of the earth, which allows you to predict future risk trends, allowing you to move from response strategy to warning strategy and make more informed decisions.
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Mathematical prediction of the scale of migration of heavy metals in the soil profile
Authors V. Sabadash and S. OmelianovaSummaryDuring the field development, metal mining and ore-dressing treatment, as a rule, waste are generated that pollutes the environment, in particular, soils and groundwater.
The article presents the results of the study of the mechanism of diffusion of minerals in the soil environment, as well as the determination of the diffusion coefficient of the component in the dispersed solid-liquid system in the steady state. The results of the study of the migration of copper ions, which are contained in the wastewater of galvanic industries, etc. are presented. To mathematically describe the distribution of contamination in the soil, a mathematical model for the diffusion of the component in a semi-confined space was used. Model of physical and mathematical description of the movement of pollution from phosphogypsum dumps, which allows to improve the ecological situation around the dumps and takes into account the parameters of the density of the substance and the parameters of convective-diffusion transfer of pollution. According to experimental data and a mathematical model of the process, the diffusion coefficient in the soil environment under the conditions of a stationary process and at a constant concentration of pollutants on the soil surface was calculated. The distribution of the pollutant concentration on the soil profile from time to time according to experimental and data is given. As a result, according to the established dependence, according to experimental data, the concentration distribution in the area of action of phosphogypsum heaps along the soil profile was constructed.
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Monitoring of the condition of agricultural crops based on the use of clustering methods
Authors H. Hnatiienko, V. Domrachev and V. SaikoSummaryThe rapid change of weather, change of climate and activity of wreckers, today negatively influence on the modern state of agricultural production. Efficiency of application of classic methods of monitoring is lost. In this connection for the increase of efficiency of production the newest technologies and instruments are used (for example, innovative decisions on the basis of the satellites systems and drones).
Machine learning is actual modern instrument which used at the decision-making from the process control of vegetation. Importance of application of machine vegetation is conditioned by complication of task of analysis of the fields and prognostication of possible harvest, so as a lot of factors influence on a general results. For the analysis of the information got at monitoring of the state of environment, expert technologies are also successfully used.
It is conditioned to those, that modern satellites pictures with distributive distance 3 meters do not give sufficient information for the high-quality control after the harvest of corn, that is why it follows to attract additional information. Therefore holds the search of new methods of receipt of additional specifying information, in particular with the use of technological decisions on the basis of drones.
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Modeling background nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations (case study – the Desna river basin)
Authors V. Osypov and N. OsadchaSummaryModeling enables to count diffuse source nutrient pollution as well as investigate pathways of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions. This study aims to estimate background concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) compounds in the Desna river basin and separate the impact of diffuse and point sources. We used the process-based SWAT model to simulate natural conditions of the Desna river basin, which means zero fertilization, tillage, and point emissions. The modeling shows that diffuse and point source emissions are split as 76% and 24%, respectively, both for TN and TP. The highest diffuse pollution comes from agriculture, the highest point source – from municipal waste-water plants. Nitrogen loads from agricultural lands equal 53% in the Desna basin (involve 22% background and 78% anthropogenic parts) and phosphorus – 75% (background – 7% and anthropogenic – 93%). For the tributaries, TN and TP background concentrations average 1.3 mgN dm−3 and 0.1 mgP dm−3, respectively. For the Desna river, background concentrations equal 0.16 mgN dm−3 and 0.01 mgP dm−3 for TN and TP, respectively. To reduce nutrient enrichment, erosion-protective measures and smart-fertilization farming should be applied in agriculture along with proper treatment at municipal waste-water plants.
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Implementation of aerospace monitoring to identify ecologically hazardous areas of methane leak from the sea bed
Authors S. Goshovskyi and O. ZurianSummaryOffshore hydrocarbon prospecting and exploration require substantial investment. It is impossible to solve this problem qualitatively using traditional seismic methods with insufficient financial resources.. The aim of work is to develop new methodological approaches in the use of Earth remote sensing technologies to identify ecologically hazardous areas for methane gas to the sea surface.
This direction has a technical focus, which requires a solution a many number of tasks, in particular, the identification small volumes of hydrocarbons emissions on the sea surface by subtracting regular interference.
The authors applied the Copernicus system to solve the problem of detecting gas emissions from the seabed. The main features of the system are: automated archiving process, preview viewing images via the Internet, etc.
On the basis of the studies, a high level of hydrodynamic activity has been established, which prevents the detection of anomalies associated with methane emissions. It is found that satellite imageries are more informative from August to October. It has also proven that to establish the validity of the detected seeps, it is important to use the recurrence of associated anomalies in the imagery of other satellites.
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Geoinformation support of forest management for sustainable development of the Carpathian region
Authors D. Liashenko, O. Boiko, Y. Nikitchenko, N. Koper and U. BashutskaSummaryThe global trend of forest overcutting is an important object of research in connection with climate change and the need to ensure the sustainable development of territories. An important issue is the adaptation of sustainable development goals for particular forest areas. The territory of the Tyachiv district of the Zakarpattia region in Ukraine was chosen as a key region. A list of stakeholders interested in conflict-free and inexhaustible forest use has been identified. The paper analyzes the existing approaches to sustainable forest use, proposes a conceptual model of forest management (major stakeholders and their interests), identifies features of the methodology of geoinformation support for management and control of forest use and forest protection.
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FAI definition in the water area of Svityaz based on satellite images as a preliminary study of the possible eutrophication of the lake
Authors L. V. Plichko, V. I. Zatserkovnyi and V. K. KhilchevskyiSummaryThe aim of the investigation was to use the spectral index Floating Algae Index (FAI) identify the spatial distribution of algal biomass in Lake Svityaz (Shatsk Lakes group, Volyn region of Ukraine). This is achieved through the ratio of spectral bands that highlight areas covered with algae on the surface of the water in satellite imagery. Investigation of the surface condition of the water area of Lake Svityaz using the FAI for 1993–2021. Showed the presence of algae biomass in space images in the summer over these years (from 1.88% to 11.75% of the total area of the lake). The largest amount of algal biomass for the period under study falls on the years: 1997, 2003, 2007, 2009, 2011. The probable cause could be an increase in the water temperature in the lake during these years, as a result of which the algal biomass increased. And this contributes to the deterioration of the water quality in the lake. Such processes can be indicators of the beginning of the eutrophication of the lake. The study of the surface of the water area of lakes in summer using the FAI can be recommended as a method for preliminary assessment of the ecological state of aquatic ecosystems.
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Input data sources for environmental models (case study - Ukrainian transboundary watersheds)
Authors A. Bonchkovskyi, O. Kostetskyi, V. Osypov and N. OsadchaSummaryRiver basin management should consider an entire basin due to the continuity of the water cycle. In Ukraine, eight of nine large river basins are transboundary with influential upstream parts in Belarus, Russian Federation, and Moldova. This paper aims to evaluate local (country-scale) and global geospatial and climate data for environmental modeling within the Ukrainian basins, including the Dnipro, Don, and Dniester upstream parts. Input data list is based on SWAT and MONERIS models and included: topography, river network, land cover, soils, meteorological parameters, water discharges, hydrochemical observations, and atmospheric disposition. Based on literature review and our expertise, we recommend datasets for meso-and large-scale modeling: SRTM or ALOS DEMs, river network from the State cadastre merged with OpenStreetMap waterways, Esri land cover, local soil maps, and local weather observational archives. Measured precipitation should be corrected on wind-induced undercatch. Climate reanalysis ERA5 and ERA5-Land could be used as alternatives to meteorological data. Despite the most relevant input data being proposed, the problems with data completeness still exist for soils, groundwater aquifers, and meteorological and hydrochemical observations.
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Spatial analysis and modeling of tritium content in groundwater of Senoman-Callovian aquatic complex on the territory of Kyiv for the purpose of assessing changes in its ecological condition in time
Authors O. Dyniak, T. Koshliakova, I. Koshliakova and O. KoshliakovSummaryThe paper considers the problem of drinking water supply of the population of Kyiv due to natural groundwater. Urbanized areas are characterized by a slowdown in the replenishment of groundwater reserves, in addition, anthropogenic activities lead to pollution of the territories and as a consequence of the inflow of pollutants into drinking aquifers. The conditions of formation of the composition of deep drinking aquifers and establishing the cause of changes in groundwater status were studied by the authors. The quality and stability of Cenomanian-Callovian aquifer water resources were assessed. The use of isotopes of natural origin as indicators allowed to find out the ways of groundwater replenishment, their origin, direction of filtration, degree of protection. The obtained data on the tritium content in the groundwater of the Cenomanian-Callovian aquifer complex, clearly presented in the form of hydrogeological maps, allow to make informed decisions on sustainable resource management.
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Study of forest cover dynamics under the impact of anthropogenic factor using Google Earth Engine Sentinel-1 satellites and Random Forest techniques in Ukraine
Authors Y. Anpilova, O. Hordiienko, V. Horbulin and Y. YakovlievSummaryThe paper concerns the problems of detecting changes in forest dynamics using satellite imagery. Sentnel-1 satellite images were acquired using the Google Earth Engine open database, and they were classified using the Google Earth Engine’s built-in Random Forest machine learning library. With active satellite imagery, their advantage over passive sensors becomes apparent. Important is their complete independence from weather conditions. The forest cover classification model is based on the binary classification principle, trained on nine classes, and performs well in other areas regardless of the geographical proximity of the classified objects. The built model allows to estimate the forest dynamics and to compare it with any other obtained satellite image.
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Changing the dynamics of relief development within the Kaniv natural park under the influence of anthropogenic factors
Authors A. Mienasova and M. KrochakSummaryThe morphology of the ravines has changed a lot over the past twenty-five years. The paper presents observational data on the dynamics of these processes. There is a tendency to weaken erosion activity, change the transverse profiles of ravines; the slope becomes smaller, they are overgrown. Our data are supplemented by a review of the literature that describes the area in the recent past. Comparison of the data allowed us to conclude that the weakening of erosion is the result of anthropogenic intervention. A positive consequence of these processes can be considered the slowing down of “aggressive eating” the “Kaniv’s mountains” by intensive ravine’s erosion. This led to the natural settlement of these areas by various complexes of plants and animals and as a result - the formation of rare biocenoses.
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Seismicity of the Ukrainian Carpathians and their connection with anomalous electrical conductivity
Authors A. Kushnir, V. Ilienko and B. ShyrkovSummaryOne of the unique phenomena of the Ukrainian Carpathians is the magnetovariational anomaly. Experimental observations of MT and MV fields carried out in 2015 and 2020 in the western part of the Ukrainian Carpathians using the method of synchronous observations allowed to identify the chain of conductivity anomalies that is consistent with the fault tectonics of the region. As a rule, the manifestations of modern geodynamics, namely earthquakes are realized beyond or above the margins of electrical conductivity anomalies. In general, the seismicity of the Ukrainian Carpathians confirms this idea. If we count the number of seismic events for the period 2000–2021 on the same areas over 4000 km2 within the Carpathian anomaly and southwest of it, we get values that differ four times. In the northeast, this value will be less than twice. On the example of one core-mantle area, consider the ratio of earthquake foci and the deep electrical conductivity distribution. As noted above, this zone is divided into northern - less condacted and southern - more condacted. Different in ρ current structures can be connected with vertical contacts of heterogeneities, which can be considered as the source for stress-strain environment creation.
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Cartographic monitoring of atmospheric air quality on the territory of Poltava region (monthly trend)
Authors E. Bondarenko, M. Kyryliuk and O. YatsenkoSummaryThe author’s approach to conducting regional cartographic monitoring to identify the territorial distribution of the air quality indicator of the territory of the Poltava region during the month period on the basis of an animated map is developed in the article.
The research is aimed to optimizing the interval of fixation and cartographic representation of the air quality index by isolines; consideration of transboundary air pollutants within the model territory with adjustment of its quality index as an indicator of mapping; identification of natural and anthropogenic factors influencing the mapping index.
The work uses general and special methods of scientific research, in particular: analysis and synthesis, scientific classification, comparative, informational, cybernetic, geoinformation mapping.
As a result of the performance of work, some cyclicity in the spatial development of the phenomenon in time which is consistent with its change for days is revealed. The growth of air pollution is recorded daily from approximately 12 to 24 hours.
It is experimentally proved that the most negative impact on the air quality of the model area is anthropogenic factors, in particular, emissions from stationary and mobile sources.
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Web mapping of Boguslav forestry as an example of visualization of forest cadastre data
Authors O. Parkhomenko, O. Yatsenko, I. Pidlisetska, T. Kurach and V. OstroukhSummaryTwo types of forest management (economic and operational), that are carried out in Ukraine, require forest inventory, protection, combating unauthorized deforestation, environmental violations, and require up-to-date and objective information. It is important for all forestries to transfer paper materials into electronic format for further accounting and updating according to standards and rules. A web application has been created for Boguslav Forestry within the QGIS program. The first stage of the work consisted of finding and preparing the source materials: the plan of the territory of Boguslav forestry, plans of afforestations of the All-Ukrainian Association Ukrderzhlisproekt, statistics on forests and individual areas, georeferences of the raster image in the coordinate system WGS 1984 projection Pseudo Mercator. The second stage involved vectorizing objects and filling the database with attribute information. The thematic layer “Forests” is filled with the following attribute information: quarter number, allocation number, tree type, age characteristics of trees, area, category and subcategory of forests. The third stage consisted of creating a web application, customizing images, captions, etc. The ArcGIS Online platform was chosen to create the web application. The finished web map is published on the Internet as a web application using built-in electronic map display templates.
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Application of GIS, remote sensing and GPS technologies for forest fire monitoring tasks
Authors V. Semeniaka, V. Zatserkovny, A. Ilchenko, P. Trofymenko and O. NikolaienkoSummaryBased on remote sensing data, the area of Turkey where a large-scale fire occurred in the summer of 2021 was studied, as well as the area of Australia, where fires are also a big problem.
Satellite observations are very important in assessing the spread of forest fires, identifying their sources, analyzing the development of smoke from fires, fires, identifying the risk of fires, assessing losses and more.
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On the origin of sloping soils
Authors R. Khomenko, O. Kruglov, V. Solovey and A. SukhoradaSummaryAgricultural use of sloping lands is characterized by a number of restrictions concerning both the set of crops and the peculiarities of tillage, fertilizers and crop care measures. Such restrictions are designed to minimize possible degradation processes, as these soils are considered unstable, especially in the erosion aspect. The paper shows new methodological approaches that will diagnose the manifestations of soil erosion and accumulation of soil matter on sloping lands. They consist in the application of multiplicative indicators showing the profile distribution of organic carbon, the complexation of mathematical modeling of erosion and magnetic methods. Accumulation areas, due to the accumulation of high-humus material, can be localized by magnetometry.
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