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15th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment
- Conference date: November 17-19, 2021
- Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
- Published: 17 November 2021
61 - 80 of 107 results
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Monitoring and mathematical modelling of the pit construction impact on the subway tunnels during reconstruction of the Postal Square
Authors I. Kaliukh, N. Kosheleva, I. Yakovenko, M. Dzhalalov, M. Kotlyar and G. BashkirovSummaryThe largest infrastructure projects in Kyiv during the recent years is the Postal Square reconstruction. The following problems were addressed: ensuring the reliable subway line operation; strength and reliability of structures under construction; preservation of the territory original hydrogeological regime; other issues. The site of the designed underground structure construction is adjacent to the subway tunnels location area. The distance from the pit enclosure wall axis is about 16–18 m to the nearest tunnel boundary and 28 m to a more remote tunnel. To determine the degree of influence of the pit enclosure arrangement for the new multifunctional facility on the subway tunnels structures, including the impact of soil excavation from the pit, two tasks are solved. The first task is to determine the pit enclosure structures deformations during excavation. The second problem envisages the determination of the nature of the deformations distribution in the soil mass outside the pit enclosure with an allowance for the subway tunnels inclusion in this mass. The problem is solved using a plane calculation model. In the plane design scheme, the displacements obtained in the result of the first problem solving are used as a load caused by the pit enclosure structures deformations influence on the soil mass.
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The results of the AMS study quartz-magnetite-pyroxene crystalline shales of the Pishchanska structure
Authors V. Svystov, I. Bezrodna and D. BezrodnyiSummaryThe paper presents the results of the study of the anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility of quartz-magnetite-pyroxene crystal shales of the Pishchansk iron ore structure. The authors measured the value of magnetic susceptibility in 3 petrographic groups (34 samples). The samples were taken at depths of 144–271 m, the magnetite content varies from 0 to 40%. The authors calculated a set of parameters that characterize the distribution of magnetic properties in the samples. The results showed high anisotropy of the magnetic properties of the samples. A significant variation in the shape of magnetic ellipsoids has been established. The correlation of the obtained data with previous studies of acoustic and elastic anisotropy was confirmed.
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Petrophysical properties of the Lower Permian limestones of the Glinsko-Solokhivsky gas-and oil-bearing region of the Dnieper-Donets depression
Authors S. Vyzhva, V. Onyshchuk, I. Onyshchuk, M. Reva and O. ShabaturaSummaryThe main objective of this article is to study petrophysical parameters of Lower Permian carbonate rocks of western part of the Glinsko-Solokhivsky gas and oil region of the Dnieper-Donets depression (DDD) in normal (atmospheric) and modeling (reservoir) conditions. Lower Permian carbonate rocks (that are promising in hydrocarbon content) are widespread within the western part of the Glinsko-Solokhivsky gas and oil region of the DDD. In the Research laboratory of theoretical and applied geophysics of the Institute of Geology comprehensive petrophysical study was carried out, which included determination of: density of rocks; their resistivity; apparent and effective porosity; structure of capillary space; velocity of elastic waves in atmospheric and reservoir conditions. Also, petrophysical research took place. The comprehensive analysis of petrophysical data has been resulted in a set of correlation ratios between reservoir, electric and elastic parameters of studied limestones in atmospheric and reservoir conditions.
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Water flow distribution changes for characteristic sections of Pripyat River basin (Ukraine)
Authors O. Obodovskyi, V. Korniienko and O. PochaievetsSummaryWater discharge is the main quantitative characteristic of river water runoff, which is directly measured at the hydrological stations, in contrast to other runoff characteristics that flow from it.
The study of the total potential of hydropower, which involves the allocation of characteristic sections of rivers by the subdivision method, includes one of the intermediate steps - determine the average water discharge for these sections using existing water runoff maps. Thus, the determined data allowed us to estimate changes in the water flow distribution of rivers downstream and to create a map based on the results of the study.
To assess the reliability of the created map, a comparative assessment was conducted between water discharge for characteristic sections of rivers: determined by the map and the actual values determined by long-term data of hydrological stations located within these sections.
As the studied basin is transboundary, so with the help of the obtained results, it is possible to estimate the water flow for the sections of rivers near the border, where there are no stationary observations at the hydrological stations.
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Risk analysis for prevention emergencies in post-mining areas
Authors S. Shekhunova and T. KrilSummaryThe research presents the results of the methodology developed for assessing areas by risk analysis of hazardous geological and technogenic processes which was applied to the territory of Solotvyno township (Transcarpathia, Ukraine).The probability of hazards has been determined, the vulnerability of the risk elements has been assessed, possible consequences of dangerous geological processes have been assessed, and the quantification of possible consequences and risks has been performed. Methods of statistical data processing and probability theory have been used with reliance on the geoinformation approach. Possible losses from the occurrence of hazardous geological processes (karst, landslides, subsidence, flooding, floods) in Solotvino are shown on the map of integrated economic risks. This methodology could be applied to post-mining areas to substantiate the strategy towards reducing natural and man-induced hazards.
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Remote monitoring of moisture deficit as a basis for preventing environmental and economic risks
Authors O. A. Furmanets, S. I. Veremeenko, V. M. Poliovyi and V. A. Piddybn’akSummaryThe paper presents the results of research of the possibility of using Water Stress Index data for early detection of moisture deficiency in plants of spring and winter crops during their cultivation in the Western Polissya of Ukraine. The example of the growing season of 2021 shows the high efficiency of remote monitoring of crops with a comprehensive analysis based on NDVI and Water Stress Index. It is established, that timely detection of moisture deficit allows to better predict crop yields and, if possible, avoids unproductive loses of material resources when they are applied in the second half of the growing season. There is no negative impact on crop productivity.
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Modern approaches in estimation of optimal water use in agroecosystems: Workflow for a case study in Odesa region, Ukraine
Authors S. Medinets, Ye. Gazyetov, A. Buyanovskiy, O. Tsurkan, I. Tsakmakis, G. Sylaios, N. Kovalova, V. Medinets, E. Cherkez and T. KozlovaSummaryPurpose of the study was to develop a workflow for optimal water use estimation in croplands of Odesa region (Ukraine). The urgency of the climate-related problem is in focus of regional authorities after a prolonged drought followed by subsequent downpours in 2020 leading to loss up to 80% of sown cereals in the region. The suggested workflow consists of six steps: pre-selection of representative conditions, choosing the representative fields, collecting input data for model, simulation in AquaCrop model, model optimization with results extrapolation and recommendations development. We concluded that the application of a developed workflow for agricultural water balance assessment based on the combination of in-situ measurements, aerial observations, space-born data and model simulation will allow us to (i) estimate the current productivity/ water deficit at crop cultivation, (ii) extrapolate results to larger areas, (iii) develop recommendations for stakeholders on how to improve water use efficiency, avoid water stress in plants and increase yield productivity at field-to-regional scale. Also, those estimates might be of high demand by sectoral agencies and regional authorities in effective planning the limits of water supply for irrigation purposes to support appropriate yield productivity in Odesa region suffering from climate extrema over last years.
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Main features of neotectonics in the terrace levels of the Middle Dnipro Region determined based on maps of base surface differences
Authors L. Tustanovska, V. Shevchuk, O. Ivanik, К. Hadiatska and К. PoliakovskaSummaryStructural-morphometric works were carried out within the Middle Dnipro Region using remote sensing methods and geographic information systems. A wide complex of structural-morphometric analyses was applied and geological interpretation was carried out to determine the presence and nature of the identified morphometric indicators and how the latter are related to terrace levels, as well as the direction and intensity of recent and modern tectonic movements, deep erosion, denudation and accumulation of the studied region. The neotectonic conditions of development and formation of the Right Bank were reconstructed, taking into account the advantage of some factors over others at each stage. Peculiarities of the development of terrace levels in the Neogene and Quaternary times have been established. Attention was paid to development of dangerous processes caused by many factors of development of the region. The obtained data may serve as a basis to analyze the impact of tectonic movements on the intensification of dangerous geological processes within the Middle Dnipro Region and to forecast their development in the future.
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Influence of geological structure and geomorphological features on landslides in the Pokut Carpathians
Authors Z. Hostiuk, O. Pohribnyi, O. Burianyk, M. Karabiniuk and Ya. MarkanychSummaryThe article presents the results of field expeditionary research, which identified and analyzed landslides in the Pokut Carpathians. Sixteen large landslides located in both the lowland and middle midland parts of the Pokut Carpathians have been recorded. Their size, shape and time of occurrence are investigated in detail and characterized. The causes of their occcurance are identified, the main of which are geological and geomorphological features and the nature, as well as the intensity of precipitation and groundwater. It is determined that landslides are usually confined to the structural and tectonic zones of the Pokut Carpathians and Pre-Carpathians and the boundaries of natural territorial complexes of different taxonomic ranks (localities, systems, tracts). Landslide-prone areas are mainly steep slopes with the spread of clay deposits of the Carpathian flysch, mainly steep and very steep ridge slopes, steep riverbed slopes of river valleys and water catchments. The most common are landslides, where large volumes of rocks, soil and plants slide down the slope. After analyzing the results of field expeditionary research and literary and cartographic materials, the areas of localization of existing landslides and the places of occurrence of probable landslide-prone areas were determined.
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Analysis of long-term annual water runoff variability of the Desna River
Authors H. Bolbot, O. Lukianets, V. Grebin and A. KosteckyiSummaryThe paper presents the results of the analysis of the long-term annual water runoff variability of the Desna River. To conduct the study were used average annual water discharge (Chernihiv stream gauge) for the period 1895–2020, that is the duration of the series was 126 values. The long-term changes in river water runoff are due to the multifactorial process of its formation and are a random process that is constantly changing over time. Verification the series for homogeneity by parametric criteria showed that they are homogeneous. Calculations of statistical for the entire initial time series and for segments of the studied sequence - for individual 30-year periods (consecutive and 15 years overlap) showed that the most stable are the norm and coefficient of variation. The difference integral curve of annual water discharge testified to the presence of water runoff cycles. The application of autocorrelation and spectral analysis allowed to identify the duration of cycles in the long-term variability of the average annual runoff of the Desna River. The autocorrelogram is traced multiple repetition of 25-year and 36-year cycles, the spectrogram - 11–14 and 19–24 years. Their joint analysis allowed us to identify a mutually confirmed cycle of 24–25 years.
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Monitoring of monuments of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra in the conditions of flooding processes development
Authors V. M. Hudak, V. I. Zatserkovnyi, I. A. Cherevko, A. Ilchenko and L. IlyinSummaryOne of the main processes that leads to the deformation of the architectural monuments of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra is their flooding by both groundwater and surface water, a significant impact on the technical condition of buildings and structures is caused by the flooding of groundwater. Therefore, the study of hydrogeological conditions (groundwater regime and the nature of the distribution of aquifers) is one of the main in the system of integrated monitoring of historic areas. Research in this paper is aimed at assessing the current hydrogeological conditions of the building No 47 - Church of the Living Source, the study of general patterns of formation, distribution and movement of groundwater, as well as forecasting changes in hydrogeological conditions of the site and adjacent area in connection with drainage.
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The satellite radar monitoring of post-mining area (Solotvyno, Ukraine)
More LessSummaryRadar research is an area of remote sensing of the Earth, which has been successfully used recently, including monitoring the earth’s surface in mining and post-mining areas. The territory of Solotvyno, the emergence and development of which is associated with salt extraction, differs in the development of natural and man-made hazardous geological processes, which in recent decades have become uncontrolled. Analysis of satellite images interpretation results was carried out in order to establish the basic patterns of surface deformations (earth’s surface vertical displacements frequency and scale), assess the intensity of hazardous geological processes manifestations and their impact on critical infrastructure objects, areas of enhanced vulnerability and/or uncertainty of risks. Using the results of satellite radar monitoring, the assessment of natural-technogenic hazardous geological processes of Solotvyno area in 2016–2020 was done. The assessment of the control objects vertical displacements was performed using interferometric processing of satellite radar monitoring data with the ENVI software SARScape module by applying multi-pass radar interferometry technologies (SBAS and PS approaches). As the result of monitoring, the new data were obtained on the parameters of hazardous natural-technogenic processes manifestations in Solotvyno, their impact on critical infrastructure objects was assessed, zonation and risk scheme were improved.
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Geoinformation monitoring of regenerative successions at the territory of Khortytsia National Reserve
Authors D. Liashenko, S. Kozodavov, N. Koper, Y. Nikitchenko and S. OkhrimenkoSummaryIn this research, the case study of ex-arable lands in a period from 2013 to 2020 at the National Reserve “Khortytsia” has been conducted. The regenerative successions that cause grasslands and woody-shrub vegetation at the Khortytsia were the main objects of the research. The succession factors (the proximity of natural complexes as sources of seeds, the presence of adventitious species, fires, rats, human activities) have been analyzed. It has proposed the vegetation changes detection and mapping technique on the abandoned lands. The study of vegetation changes has been performed by visual and semi-automatic interpretation of Landsat 7, 8 satellite images. In addition map series of the NDVI changes have worked out. The vegetation changes have been studied by a linear trend of NDVI average median values analysis. Research has shown the effectiveness of geoinformation technologies application for regenerative successions monitoring at the territory of Khortytsia National Reserve.
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Virtual otcrop of Eocene rocks of the Sokilskyi ridge (Outer Ukrainian Carpathians, Ivano-Frankivsk Region)
Authors I. Bubniak, A. Bubniak, E. Shylo, M. Oliinyk and M. BihunSummaryIn this work we present the results of complex surveys of outcrop of Eocene rock of the Sokilskyi ridge (Outer Ukrainian Carpathians, Ivano-Frankivsk Region). It was used two techniques - Digital Photogrammetry and Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) for creating 3D Digital Outcrop Model (DOM). During the workflow working schemes for both approaches are offered. The choice of a method depends on the challenges facing researchers. It is enough to use a photogrammetric approach to visualize objects. An assessment of the accuracy of the survey was performed. The practical significance of our research is to create a model which is useful in laboratory. Based on this, it is possible to collect the geological information similar to that usually is gathered by a geologist in the field.In addition to structural geology and sedimentology, the model will be used to predict the loss of rock blocks from the outcrop.This is relevant because the outcrop is above a busy route. The result of research will also be used for geotourism and educational purposes.
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Use Ukrainian nuclear power plants local seismological networks as elements of the national seismological monitoring system
Authors Yu. Andrushchenko, O. Liashchuk and Yu. GordienkoSummaryIn accordance with the requirements for seismic design and seismic safety assessment of nuclear power units, the operating organization organizes a special local network of permanent highly sensitive seismic monitoring stations in the area of the NPP location. In the process of implementing the “Seismic Hazard Assessment and Seismic Resistance Action Plan” of existing NPPs, seismic monitoring networks were deployed at Ukrainian NPPs. Operational processing and analysis of seismic signals registered on the elements of local seismological networks of NPPs is carried out by the Main Center for Special Control of the State Space Agency of Ukraine. To date, the MCSC receives data from the local seismological networks of Rivne, Khmelnytsky and Zaporizhzhya NPPs in a continuous mode. The processing of geophysical information coming from the NPP to the MCSC is carried out by the operational next shift of the center with the help of FSC hardware and software, and provides reliable data on the parameters of seismic sources registered by stations, their location and energy characteristics. In total, in the period from 2017 to 2021, 36 local earthquakes on the territory of Ukraine were registered by NPP seismological network stations. The epicenters of the vast majority of them are located within the Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil and Lviv regions. The experience of conducting instrumental observations at NPP seismic stations testifies to their high efficiency and possibility of use as full-fledged elements of seismological monitoring of the territory of Ukraine.
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Distribution of mechanical stress and its relationship to the natural pulsing electromagnetic field in complex rock masses
Authors E. Kuzmenko, S. Bagriy, V. Artym, I. Artym, U. Dzoba and I. KamaevaSummaryThe solution of the problem of mechanical stress distribution in a complexly built environment of rocks disturbed by the presence of mining chambers in the formations of potassium salt is demonstrated on the example of the Kalush-Holin deposit in Pre-Carpathians. The reliability of the calculations is confirmed by comparing the results with laboratory data for salt and saline rocks in uniaxial compression and tension. By the example of comparing the results of model experiments in relation to stress calculations and practical investigations by the method of the Natural Pulsing Electromagnetic Field of the Earth (NPEMFE), the connection and identity of the anomalies are proved. This makes it possible to use the results to create a theoretical basis for quantitative interpretation of the NPEMFE method.
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Prospects of application of Elodea canadensis Michx in the complex assessment of the state of small rivers in the zone of influence of technogenic objects of the Kalush mining and industrial district (Kalush district, Ivano-Frankivsk region, Ukraine)
Authors N. Riznychuk, M. Mylenka, Z. Drohomyretska, O. Ivanova and S. IlnytskaSummaryThe breach of natural balance arose as a result of anthropogenic transformation of rocks during the operation of Kalush-Holynsk deposit of potassium salts, due to irrational location of tailings, dumps, accumulating tanks and long functioning of objects of chemical industry (landfill of toxic waste of Oriana-Halev Limited company in particular). The most pronounced are the changes in the river ecosystems of the region, due to the violation of hydrogeological conditions and the introduction of a wide range of pollutants into the environment. The rivers of the region belong to the Carpathian part of the Dniester river and take part in the formation of its runoff, so their anthropogenic transformation can lead to the breach of the entire Dniester river ecosystem. Systematic control over changes in river water quality indicators is an urgent task of ecological and applied research and a prerequisite for effective management of the ecological condition of the entire Dniester river basin.
The research was conducted in 2020–2021. The ecotoxicological condition of the Sivka, Sapohiv, Limnytsia rivers was assessed on the sections of their flow through the Kalush mining and industrial area and on the relevant background areas.
He presented experiment was preceded by chemical-analytical studies to determine the cationic-anionic composition, background hydrological indices and organochlorine compounds. The results allowed us to state that the studied rivers can be referred to three quality classes: the Sivka river - to the 7th class (extremely polluted waters); the Sapohiv river – to the 3rd class (moderately polluted waters); the Limnytsia river – to the 2nd class (clean water). At the same time, chlorides are a priority factor of the pollution of the Sivka river, and traces of hexachlorobenzene are present in the water of the the Sapohiv river.
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Infrasound and seismic monitoring of cryospheric events at the Vernadsky station region (West Antarctica)
Authors O. Liashchuk, Yu. Andrushchenko, V. Zhukovskyi, Yu. Otruba and S. DovbyshSummaryThe cryosphere collectively describes all forms of frozen water at the Earth’s surface - sea ice, ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, snow cover, permafrost, seasonally frozen ground and solid precipitation. In terms of the ice mass and its heat capacity, the cryosphere is the second largest component of the climate system (after the ocean) It is an important component in the context of climate change as it affects and is affected by changes in temperature. Antarctica represents one of the most serious potential threats from rapid cryosphere warming at the global level.
In the Antarctic Peninsula region, researchers focused their observations of the cryosphere mainly on the ice caps of the archipelago and the glaciers of the Kyiv Peninsula. Continuous long-term monitoring of the glacier is not an easy task. For the Woozle Hill ice cap near the Vernadsky Station, the task was solved by periodic ice sampling, GNSS, photometry, and the use of GPR in the summer season. For glaciers outside the island, measurements are much more difficult and erratic.
For monitoring the local ice cap and glaciers of the Antarctic Peninsula near the research station, we proposed to use an original set of seismic and infrasound equipment.
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Geological mapping of the Ukrainian Antarctic Station area (Wilhelm Archipelago and Kyiv Peninsula, Graham Coast)
Authors O. Mytrokhyn and V. BakhmutovSummaryUkrainian Antarctic Station “Akademik Vernadsky” is located on the Argentine Islands of Wilhelm Archipelago near the Graham Coast of Antarctic Peninsula. The Graham Coast forms here a noticeable prominence of the mainland which recently was named as Kyiv Peninsula. Geological knowledge on the Ukrainian Antarctic station area is still unsufficient for understanding its geological structure, geological history and mineral resource potential. The main reason for this is incompleteness of geological survey. Since 2017 authors started the geological surveying and geological mapping of the Ukrainian Antarctic Station area. Some results are presented in the thesis.
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An integrated approach to landslide hazards assessment in rural area of the Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors O. Ivanik, D. Kravchenko, K. Hadiatska, R. Khomenko, K. Bondar, O. Borovskiy and N. MaslunSummaryLandslides are life-threatening events that can have a great impact on population and infrastructure especially in the mountain areas. The Carpathian region is characterized by active development and special conditions for the formation of landslide processes. The analysis of spatio-temporal patterns of mass movement processes within the Carpathian region confirms the multifactorial nature of their formation, but the priority of each factor depends on the certain circumstances with different combinations of lithological and stratigraphic conditions. tectonic processes, geomorphological structure, and hydrogeological situation. This work presents the results of an integrated approach of landslide hazards assessment in the rural area in the Ukrainian Carpathians. An efficient technique including geological, geomorphological geophysical surveying for the monitoring of landslide processes and their local predicting for model sites in the Ukrainian Carpathians has been proposed. Socio-cultural effects on the perception of risk have been investigated to develop more efficient and robust mitigation systems. It was studied the awareness level and expectations of the public about the state programs of landslide prevention and mitigation.
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