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66th EAGE Conference & Exhibition
- Conference date: 07 Jun 2004 - 10 Jun 2004
- Location: Paris, France
- Published: 07 June 2004
1 - 100 of 562 results
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Time-Lapse Seismic Extends the Lifetime of the Gullfaks Field
Authors L.K. Strønen and P. DigranesA001 TIME-LAPSE SEISMIC EXTENDS THE LIFETIME OF THE GULLFAKS FIELD Summary 1 Three full field time-lapse datasets and two ocean bottom seismic (OBS) datasets have been acquired over the Gullfaks Field after the baseline survey in 1985. The time-lapse data have so far resulted in the successful drilling of nine infill targets and it is estimated that the 4D technology will add value exceeding 200 MUSD for the asset during the life-time of the field. Significant parts of the field cannot be covered by surface seismic due to the presence of three platforms and two loading buoys. However it has
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Weyburn Field – From Integrated 4D 9C Seismic Analysis to Flow Simulation
Authors M. Terrell, T. Galikeev, H. Yamamoto, T.L. Davis and R. BensonA003 WEYBURN FIELD: FROM INTEGRATED 4D 9C SEISMIC ANALYSIS TO FLOW SIMULATION Introduction Enhanced oil recovery through CO2 injection is a commercially proven technology and allows additional recovery of typically 10-15% of the OOIP. Multicomponent time-lapse seismic data provide a valuable insight on dynamics of a reservoir. The baseline data provide information static reservoir characterization including possible interconnected fracture zones. Analysis of seismic data acquired over the same area but at different periods in time helps to monitor fluid front movement assists in detecting changes in rock properties caused by CO2 injection allows optimization of the field production. Integrating the
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Practical Dynamic Updating of Reservoir Models Using Frequently Aquired 4D Seismic Data
Authors K.D. Stephen, J. Soldo, C. MacBeth and M. ChristieA005 PRACTICAL DYNAMIC UPDATING OF RESERVOIR MODELS USING FREQUENTLY AQUIRED 4D SEISMIC DATA Abstract 1 We have developed a quantitative approach where repeated (time lapse) seismic surveys can be integrated into reservoir modelling and simulation studies to provide a more accurate understanding of the reservoir uncertainty and the controlling parameters. Our seismic history matching method bypasses many of the data handling problems of current approaches by converting reservoir simulation properties to the seismic grid in a systematic manner. We have apply this method to a synthetic geological model and to a field study of a UKCS reservoir. We present the
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Characterization of Hydraulic Rock Properties Using Probability of Induced Microseismicity
Authors E. Rothert, S. Rentsch and S.A. ShapiroA006 CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDRAULIC ROCK PROPERTIES USING PROBABILITY OF INDUCED MICROSEISMICITY Abstract 1 In this paper we present a new approach for estimating the hydraulic parameters of rocks using an analysis of the spatial distribution of microseismic events induced by fluid injection. Such a monitoring of microseismicity can be used to characterize rocks in terms of hydraulic properties. Knowledge about these properties is important especially for an optimized developement of geothermal or hydrocarbon reservoirs. Our approach is based on the hypothesis that the propagation of triggering of injection-induced microseismic events can be described by a diffusive process of pore pressure
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Microseismic Monitoring of the Yibal Oilfield
Authors R.H. Jones, D. Raymer, G. Mueller, H. Rynja and K. MaronA007 MICROSEISMIC MONITORING OF THE YIBAL OILFIELD JONES RH 1 RAYMER D 1 MUELLER G 2 RYNJA H 2 MARON K 3 Introduction 1 In February 2002 ABB Offshore Systems (ABB) and Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) initiated a collaborative microseismic (passive seismic) monitoring trial in the Yibal field Oman. Technical support to the project was also supplied from Shell E&P Technology and Research (SepTAR). The overall project objective was to acquire a large data set of production induced microseismic activity and investigate how this data could be used to monitor the movement of fluids map changes in reservoir stresses due
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Reservoir Characterisation Based on Seismicity Induced after the End of Fluid Injections
Authors M. Parotidis, S.A. Shapiro and E. Rothert1 A008 RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION BASED ON SEISMICITY INDUCED AFTER THE END OF FLUID INJECTIONS M. PAROTIDIS 1 S.A. SHAPIRO 1 E. ROTHERT 1 1 Freie Universitaet Berlin Department of Geophysics Malteserstr. 74-100 12249 Berlin Germany Abstract. This study concentrates on events triggered by borehole fluid injections especially after the end of injection. It is assumed that pore-pressure diffusion is the main triggering mechanism. Based on the theory of poroelasticity we derive an equation that describes the distance from injection point where seismicity extinguishes at a given time after the end of fluid injection. We call this distance the back front
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Reservoir Characterization of an Ultra-Deepwater Giant Oil Field Offhsore Brazil
Authors C. Rodriguez-Suarez, J.A.B. de Souza, D.J. Sarzenski, M. Ida and V.L.G. EliasA009 RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ULTRA-DEEPWATER GIANT OIL FIELD OFFSHORE BRAZIL Abstract 1 Roncador field at Campos Basin is characterized by the presence of several compartments with distinct hydrocarbon API grades and fluid contacts. Geologic modeling involved the determination of spatial distribution of key reservoir petrophysical properties interpolated between wells by seismic data constrain. Modeling results suggest a dominant depositional control of petrophysical properties. Despite the encouraging results some questions related to blocks and reservoir connections and reservoir heterogeneities are yet to be answered. Roncador field: geological aspects Roncador field is located 130 Km offshore Brazilian southeastern coast and produces
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Integrated Geosciences Approach to Optimal Development of a Deep HP/HT Complex Field – Deep JUSEPIN Case, Venezuela
Authors E. Pitrat, A. Lara, S. Delahaye, F. Limongi and M. DurandeauA010 INTEGRATED GEOSCIENCES APPROACH TO OPTIMAL DEVELOPMENT OF A DEEP HP/HT COMPLEX FIELD: DEEP JUSEPIN CASE (VENEZUELA) E. PITRAT A. LARA S. DELAHAYE F. LIMONGI M. DURANDEAU TOTAL OIL & GAS VENEZUELA Summary Jusepin Field is located in the North Monagas State of Venezuela in the trend of the El Furrial. Deep Jusepin field proved a difficult reservoir to develop due to its characteristics: Deep HP/HT field presence of a complex reservoir fluid (highly under-saturated critical fluid with problematic behaviour of asphaltenes) complex structural setting partially blind seismic. The field was developed from 1997/1998 under natural depletion with a mix
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The Akshabulak Channel Model – An Interdisciplinary Approach to Handle Complex Reservoirs
Authors R. Klöckner, S. Baltrusch, L. Bellmann, E. Øyvann and R. ThränhardtA011 THE AKSHABULAK CHANNEL MODEL – AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO HANDLE COMPLEX RESERVOIRS SUMMARY AND INTRODUCTION S.BALTRUSCH 1 L.BELLMANN 1 R.KLÖCKNER 1 E.ØYVANN 2 R.THRÄNHARDT 1 1 EEG – Erdgas Erdöl GmbH Zimmerstaße 56 10117 Berlin Germany EAGE 66 th Conference & Exhibition – Paris France 7 – 10 June 2004 1 2 Schlumberger Aslakveien 14A 0753 Oslo Norway. This paper describes the modeling of the Upper Jurassic Yu 0/Yu I channel sandstones of the Akshabulak field. The Akshabulak oil field is located in the South Turgay Basin in Kazakhstan (fig. 1). The field was discovered in 1989 proving oil
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Seismic Facies Analysis for Fluvial Depositions Characterization, the Fergana Valley Example
Authors A. Rykov, T.L. Babadzhanov, R. Larijani, G. Shilov and A. AhverdievA012 SEISMIC FACIES ANALYSIS FOR FLUVIAL DEPOSITIONS CHARACTERIZATION THE FERGANA VALLEY EXAMPLE 1 Abstract Seismic facies analyses have become an important part of present day exploration and development of oil and gas plays. A large part of the value of seismic facies analysis depends however on whether or not local geological factors have been taken into account correctly. The importance of this is even more dominant when dealing with lithological or combined structural-lithological traps. To illustrate such seismic facies analysis this paper presents the results of a study of the deep oil and gas field in the Fergana Valley a
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3D Modelling of Stacked Turbidite Channels – Impact on Dynamic Reservoir Simulations
Authors R. Labourdette, J. Seguin, P. Biver, F. Temple and J.-A. HegreA013 3D MODELLING OF STACKED TURBIDITE CHANNELS - IMPACT ON DYNAMIC RESERVOIR SIMULATIONS Summary 1 AUTHOR(S) R. LABOURDETTE 1 J. SEGUIN 1 P. BIVER 1 F. TEMPLE 1 and J-A. HEGRE 2 Address 1 Total Geoscience Technologies Dept ISS CSTJF Avenue Larribau 64018 Pau Cedex France 2 Total E&P UK plc - Geoscience Research Centre Based on the production from fields consisting of turbidite deposits it is evident that fluid flow behaviour is more complex than anticipated. The cause is linked to the fine-scale sedimentary heterogeneities which complicate the reservoir characteristics especially in turbiditic channel complexes having a laterally offset
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Combined Reservoir Characterization and Modeling
Authors R. Morton, R.B. Simono, M.J. Mashayekhi, P. Crookall, B. Vos and P. van der MadeA014 COMBINED RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING Summary 1 Often the ultimate goal of G&G exploration efforts is final integration of all knowledge regarding a field into a dynamic reservoir model. Geophysical geological and engineering data are incorporated in a subsurface flow-properties model. The model is matched to production history and used for forecasting and economic evaluation. This model is traditionally constructed after the main reservoir characterization stage and little interaction is undertaken or even feasible between the property modeling and the geocellular modeling. This paper presents a combined reservoir characterization and modeling workflow for a producing field in the southern
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A Case Study of Integrated Reservoir Characterization and Fine-Scale Simulation
Authors B.Z. Shang, H. Yang, J.G. Hamman, D.H. Caldwell and J. MillikenA015 A CASE STUDY OF INTEGRATED RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION AND FINE-SCALE SIMULATION 1 B. Z. SHANG H. YANG J. G. HAMMAN D. H. CALDWELL J. MILLIKEN Marathon Oil Company 5555 San Felipe St. Houston TX 77056 Abstract This paper presents an integrated reservoir characterization and simulation study which applies a combination of deterministic and stochastic approaches depending on the amount of data and degree of understanding. The workflow incorporates all available data types like 3D seismic data well logs geologic data core analysis well tests and PVT analysis. Seismic data is first inverted into acoustic impedance which is again inverted into
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Production Assessment of Reservoir Models Constructed with the Use of 3D Seismic Data
Authors C. Torres-Verdín and M. GambusA016 PRODUCTION ASSESSMENT OF RESERVOIR MODELS CONSTRUCTED WITH THE USE OF 3D SEISMIC DATA Abstract 1 This paper describes a study undertaken to appraise spatially complex hydrocarbon reservoir models constructed with the use of 3D post-stack seismic data and well logs. Developments are centered about the interpretation of data acquired in an active gas field in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. The availability of time records of fluid production provides an independent way to quantify the accuracy and reliability of several methods commonly employed to construct reservoir models. We make use of geostatistical inversion to construct spatial distributions of porosity
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Sand Injectites in Deep-Water Clastic Plays – Migration Paths, Intrusive Traps and Reservoir Characterisation
Authors A. Hurst, D. Duranti, M. Huuse and J. CartwrightA025 SAND INJECTITES IN DEEP-WATER CLASTIC PLAYS: MIGRATION PATHS INTRUSIVE TRAPS AND RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION Abstract 1 A. HURST *1 D. DURANTI 1 M. HUUSE 2 AND J. CARTWRIGHT 2 1 Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology University of Aberdeen Aberdeen AB24 3UE UK ([email protected] [email protected]) 2 3DLab Department of Earth Ocean and Planetary Sciences Cardiff University Wales UK ([email protected] [email protected]) Sand injectites are increasingly commonly identified in association with deep-water clastic reservoirs. They modify the internal and external geometry of reservoir sandstones and sometime form commercially significant traps which may be classed as intrusive or extrusive traps. Sand injectites form
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Experimental Investigation on Submarine Channels Inception
Authors P. Lancien, E. Lajeunesse and F. MétivierExperimental investigation on submarine channels inception LANCIEN Pierre LAJEUNESSE Eric MÉTIVIER François IPGP CACAS Marie-Christine IFP Submarine mega fans and their associated canyons have long attracted the attention of a large community in the Earth sciences because they record the history of past erosional processes. As such their morphology and sedimentary infill may be of invaluable use to unravel past climatic and tectonic evolutions. Yet despite an important corpus of research on their structural characteristics [1-10] we lack a well accepted quantitative description for the dynamics of the formation and growth of these sedimentary systems. One of the main reasons
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Static and Seismic Modeling of a Turbidite Channel Complex (Pab Fm, Pakistan)
Authors T. Euzen, S. Rohais, P. Bourgeois, P. Nivlet, O. Lerat, R. Deschamps and R. EschardSTATIC AND SEISMIC MODELLING OF A TURBIDITE CHANNEL COMPLEX (PAB FORMATION PAKISTAN) AUTHORS T. EUZEN S. ROHAIS A. BOURGEOIS P. NIVLET O. LERAT R. DESCHAMPS E. ALBOUY and R. ESCHARD Adress Institut Français du Pétrole 1 et 4 Avenue de Bois-Préau 92852 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex France Introduction: Deep offshore prospects and the improvement of oil recovery are currently topics of major importance of the petroleum industry. Reservoir characterisation using seismic imaging and interpretation tools is often used to improve the understanding of deepwater reservoirs. However the 3D lithoseismic analysis and interpretation of turbidite complexes requires good a priori knowledge of both
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Basin 4 of the Brazos-Trinity Lowstand Systems Tract - Ultra-High Resolution 3-D Investigation of a Pleistocene Intra-Slope Basin, W. Gulf of Mexico
Authors R.T. Beaubouef and V. AbreuA028 BASIN 4 OF THE BRAZOS-TRINITY SLOPE SYSTEM Introduction 1 We have executed an ultra-high resolution 3-D investigation of the stratigraphy and basin fill history of a 200 km 2 Pleistocene intra-slope basin in the western Gulf of Mexico. This basin represents the southernmost portion of the Brazos-Trinity Slope System; a system of four basins linked by submarine channels (Basin 4; Winker 1998; Beaubouef and Friedman 2000; Badalini et al. 2000; Beaubouef et al. 2003a b c and references therein). This system is located down-dip of the ancestral Brazos and Trinity rivers and their associated deltas (Fig. 1a). These shelf
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The Connection between Channel and Lobes in Modern Fans from High-Resolution Imagery - A Review
Authors B. Savoye, N. Babonneau and C. BonnelA029 The Connection between Channel and Lobes in Modern Fans from High-Resolution Imagery - A Review AUTHORS 1 3 1 2 3 B. SAVOYE A. GERVAIS C. BONNEL N. BABONNEAU AND M. CREMER Address 1 Ifremer Marine Geosciences Department BP 70 29280 Plouzané France 2 Bordeaux 1 University 3 Brest University Submarine channels are the main conduits for sediment transfer to the deep-sea by turbidity currents and debris flows flowing downslope. Overflow processes can build adjacent huge elongated levees. Beyond the channels lie depositional lobes which we refer to as distal lobes or channel-mouth lobe in order to avoid ambiguities
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Application of Laser-Scanned Outcrop Data to Build Models of Deepwater Reservoirs - Insights from the Solitary Channel, Tabernas Basin of Southern Spain
Authors D.C. Jennette, F. Bonnaffe, R. Bouroullec and C. KilincA030 APPLICATION OF LASERS TO BUILD MODELS OF DEEPWATER RESERVOIRS: INSIGHTS FROM THE SOLITARY CHANNEL TABERNAS BASIN SOUTHERN SPAIN Introduction 1 Lidar (light detection and ranging) applications are improving the accuracy and speed of outcrop analysis. The technology provides the ability to visualize spatially correct digital outcrop data in real time and to interrogate the outcrop by positioning ourselves in an infinite number of “virtual” vantage points. We can correlate bounding surfaces and interpret faults on actual outcrop data similar to 3-D seismic data volumes. In addition laser-generated data are easily prepared for rapid emplacement in 3- D modeling software
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Integrated Stratigraphic, Structural, and Petroleum Systems Analyses in Intraslope Basins with Allochthonous Salt Systems - Examples from the Thunder Horse and Mensa Minibasins, Northern Deep Gulf of Mexico
Authors P. Weimer, V. Matt, R. Bourollec, A. van den Berg and T. LapinskiA031 3-D INTERPRETATION AND PETROLEUM SYSTEMS MODELING OF THE THUNDER HORSE AND MENSA GIANT OIL AND GAS FIELDS NORTHERN DEEP GULF OF MEXICO 1 Paul Weimer Veit Matt Todd Lapinski Aaron van den Berg Renaud Bourorllec and John Roesink Department of Geological Sciences University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309-0399 The Thunder Horse and Mensa fields are two of the largest oil and gas fields respectively in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The evolution of the two minibains and fields reflects the complex interaction of salt tectonics basement structures and major and minor faults. A detailed analysis of the area was
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Stratigraphic and Reservoir Architecture of Tectonically-Confined Turbidite Ramps – The Example of the Grès d'Annot System (Eocene - Oligocene, French Alps)
Authors P. Joseph, E. Du Fornel, T. Euzen, F. Guillocheau and C. RobinA032 Stratigraphic and reservoir architecture of tectonically-confined turbidite ramps : the example of the Grès d’Annot system (Eocene - Oligocene French Alps) 1 P. JOSEPH 1 E. DU FORNEL 1-2 T. EUZEN 1 F. GUILLOCHEAU 2 and C. ROBIN 2 ¹ Institut Français du Pétrole 1 et 4 avenue de Bois Préau 92852 Rueil Malmaison cedex France. ² Géosciences Rennes Université de Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France. Summary For a long time the Grès d’Annot system of South East France has been considered as a classic example of a canyon-fed submarine fan settled during a period of
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4D Monitoring at 4 km Depth? A Case Study from Smørbukk Sør in the Åsgard Field
Authors L. Klefstad, O. Eiken and B. OsdalA034 4D MONITORING AT 4 KM DEPTH? A CASE STUDY FROM SMØRBUKK SØR IN THE ÅSGARD FIELD Abstract The Middle Jurassic Garn reservoir sandstones in the Smørbukk Sør field were considered to be too deeply buried in order to respond seismically on production effects. A 4D-feasibility study concluded however that time–lapse signals can be detectable from pore pressure reduction in the reservoir if good repeatability is achieved using new seismic acquisition technology. In 2003 time lapse-data were acquired and processed. We show in this paper some results from this data. Introduction LARS KLEFSTAD 1 OLA EIKEN 2 BÅRD OSDAL 3
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Pressure and Saturation Inversion from 4D Seismic Constrained by Production Data
Authors P. Inderwiesen, N. He and P. CondonA036 PRESSURE AND SATURATION INVERSION FROM 4D SEISMIC CONSTRAINED BY PRODUCTION DATA Abstract We have developed an inversion technology to estimate reservoir pressure and fluid saturation distribution from time-lapse seismic and production data. Bayesian technology is used to construct the objective function; Gauss- Newton method is applied to minimize the objective function in the inversion process. 4D seismic is converted to impedance to minimize the wavelet effect and simplify the inversion scheme. Rock physics links the reservoir properties both static (porosity facies) and dynamic (pressure and saturation) with seismic P & S impedance. The sensitivity of impedance with respect to
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Quantitative Assessment of Connectivity across a Fault Using 4D Seismic
Authors Y. Almaskeri and C. MacBethA037 QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF CONNECTIVITY ACROSS A FAULT USING 4D SEISMIC Summary 1 YAHYA ALMASKERI AND COLIN MACBETH Heriot-Watt Institute of Petroleum Engineering Edinburgh UK EH14 4AS A 3D geological model is built within which two producing horizontal wells and a normal vertical fault are placed. This scenario is then used as a test-bed to investigate how the 4D seismic might be related to different degrees of fault seal. A reservoir simulation is run and the 4D seismic response computed. The full and limited-offset stack amplitudes at the top reservoir respond similarly to the pressure differences and oil saturation changes
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Integrating 4D Seismic and Geomechanics – A Case Study
More LessA038 Integrating 4D seismic and geomechanics: a case study Abstract 1 Time-lapse (4D) seismic effects have been studied in a depleting gas field. Feasibility studies based on velocitystress relationships derived from core data suggest that large changes in seismic traveltimes may be expected. However our observations from the actual 4D seismic indicate that these effects are significantly smaller than modeled. At the same time timeshifts outside the reservoir zone are observed. These are considered due to geomechanical effects. Geomechanical models of depleting reservoirs predict that as a result of reservoir compaction due to pressure depletion changes in the long-wavelength stress
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Updating Vertical Gas Flow Models in Laminated Reservoirs
Authors V. Kretz, B. Valles and L. SonnelandA039 UPDATING VERTICAL GAS FLOW MODELS IN LAMINATED RESERVOIRS Summary 1 One of the most challenging fields in reservoir engineering is efficient integration of all available data for reservoir characterization and to keep the resulting model updated as new data becomes available. Usually 4D seismic data are quantitatively integrated in the reservoir characterization through history matching. We propose an efficient updating technique that requires no flow simulation. This new technique will be demonstrated for monitoring gas flows using 4D seismic to update the reservoir model. An automatic procedure called “seismic super-resolution” is used to map the gas displacements with a
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Aquifer Gas Storage Monitoring Using 4D Seismic and Integrated Reservoir Simulation
Authors A. Seeliger, R. Hauer and M. KlafkiA040 Aquifer Gas Storage Monitoring Using 4D Seismic and Integrated Reservoir Simulation Abstract Summary 1 A. SEELIGER R. HAUER AND M. KLAFKI ESK GmbH Halsbrücker Str. 34 D-09599 Freiberg Germany The Kalle aquifer gas storage (Figure 1 2) is an example where modern methods of reservoir monitoring have been combined successfully with the update of the geological and the reservoir simulation models. Gas migration from the single storage layer at Kalle the Volpriehausen sandstone to the Detfurth sandstone is known to have started between 1992 and 1995. 4D-seismic regular TDT and RST gas saturation measurements and continuous pressure monitoring in
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Uncertainties in the 4D Seismic Signature due to Seawater Velocity Variations
Authors A. Bertrand, C. Ribeiro and C. MacBethA041 Uncertainties in the 4D seismic signature due to seawater velocity variations Abstract 1 Seawater velocity variations are known to influence the quality of seismic especially in deepwater areas. Here this topic is extended to evaluate the effect on reservoir monitoring. A 3D data set from the Gulf of Mexico has been corrected for seawater velocity variations and the corresponding time and amplitude perturbations are measured. From this a 4D synthetic data set is modelled for realistic reservoir production scenarios. The 4D modelled seismic is perturbed using similar errors to those measured on the real data in order to mimic
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A Petroelastic-Based Approach to Pressure and Saturation Estimation Using 4D Seismic
Authors C. Ribeiro and C. MacBethA042 A petroelastic-based approach to pressure and saturation estimation using 4D seismic Abstract 1 A methodology is developed to invert for time-lapse variations of reservoir pressure and saturation from repeated P-wave seismic data. Based on a simplified petroelastic correlation two independent elastic parameters are obtained; one of which depends on pressure and the other on saturation. Forms for reflectivity and elastic impedance explicitly dependent on production effects are derived and tested on a reservoir model-based study. Following the inversion of multi-angle near mid and far elastic impedance stacks from the baseline and repeat seismic dataset reliable dynamic estimates of pore
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Why We Need Professional Leaders in an Asset Organization
Authors P. Raingeard and J. PionB010 Why we need Professional Leaders in an Asset Organization Abstract Strengths and weaknesses of the asset organization 1 In the last twenty years the asset organization has generalized in a large number of petroleum companies in all parts of the words. A major benefit of this organization is that it places Geosciences at the heart of the projects with a close and focused integration of disciplines (Geophysics Geology and Reservoir). However at the same time it may tend to isolate the Geoscientists from the mainstream of their disciplines and limit their scope to the boundaries of the asset. How
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Managing Subsurface Uncertainty from a Geoscience Perspective – Work Processes in an Asset Team
More LessB011 Abstract 1 Managing subsurface uncertainty from a geoscience perspective - work processes in an asset team ARVE NAESS AND ANDREW MCCANN The Heidrun Field is an oil and gas giant located in the Haltenbank area offshore Mid- Norway. The field's total reserves (2004) are 175 MSm 3 (1 100 M bbl) oil and 40 GSm 3 gas. The field is developed with one Tension Leg Platform (TLP) processing oil and gas produced from one 56-slot platform template and 5 associated sub-sea templates (3 water injection templates and 2 oil production templates each with 4 available well slots). The current
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Achieving Excellence in Exploration – Integrating Skills, Processes and Technology
By M.A. NaylorB012 Achieving Excellence in Exploration: Integrating Skills Processes and Technology 1 Within Shell’s new operating model for Exploration & Production exploration is organized as a global business with unambiguous single point accountability for performance portfolio and resources. This model has been adopted in preference to executing exploration from a series of autonomous asset-based operating units. The latter structure though good at facilitating multi-disciplinary integration does not always optimize resource allocation nor necessarily provide clarity of direction and consistency of process. A dedicated exploration business can take a truly global approach to exploration strategy portfolio and decisionmaking directly linked to the
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Attracting, Developing and Retaining Top Technical People
Authors P.M. Lloyd, J. Kaldi and B. RonaldsB013 Attracting Developing and Retaining Top Technical People Extended Abstract 1 Our industry is graying. The mentors in many of the major companies are gone the in-house training programs in many major companies are gone and the research centers in many major companies are gone. Comparing the E&P landscape just 10 years ago many of the major companies themselves are gone and have been replaced with very different looking organizations. Indeed in 10 years most of the people attending this EAGE conference will be gone. The industry is starting to think hard about the “big crew change”. And as it
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Integration – A New Perspective to Reservoir Studies
By L. CosentinoB014 Integration: A New Perspective to Reservoir Studies Integration in Reservoir Studies 1 In Webster’s definition integration is a combination and coordination of separate and diverse elements or units into a more complete or harmonious whole. Therefore integration is a process whereby extra-value is produced and for this reason it is considered a benefit something to actively seek in multidisciplinary contexts. Actually integration is one of those magic words that always have a positive meaning. Integrated is always better than disintegrated no matter the context. Within the framework of petroleum reservoir studies integration is primarily concerned with the interaction of
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The Integrated and Multidisciplinary Industry Society of 2020
By K.H. BakerB015 The Integrated and Multidisciplinary Professional Society of 2020 Abstract Setting the Stage 1 First we start with definitions of integrated multi-disciplinary and the professional. The U.S. House Committee on Agriculture defines integration as “The combination (under the management of one firm) of two or more identical (horizontal) or successive (vertical) stages in the production or marketing process of a particular product. Generally the stages are capable of being operated as separate businesses. The firm that has management responsibility is called the integrator. The poultry industry for example is vertically integrated from production through processing and distribution. Diversification on the
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Should Future Shared Earth Model Be Knowledge-Driven Rather than Data-Driven?
Authors J.-F. Rainaud, M. Perrin, B. Zhu and S. SchneiderB017 SHOULD FUTURE SHARED EARTH MODELS BE KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN RATHER THAN DATA-DRIVEN? 1 Abstract : The paper presents an alternative approach for Shared Earth Models whose ambitions is to share throughout the workflow the geological interpretation related to this model and not only geometrical and property representations of the objects included in a definite model. This approach could enable any user to take advantage of previous works done by others by producing updated extended or revised models possibly showing even drastic topological differences with the original ones. This new approach relies on a Geo-Ontology that captures the structural geologists’ expert knowledge
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From 3D Seismic Facies to Reservoir Simulation
Authors B. Vallès, A. Carrillat and L. SonnelandB018 FROM 3D SEISMIC FACIES TO RESERVOIR SIMULATION Introduction 1 B. VALLÈS A. CARRILLAT L. SONNELAND Nowadays the reservoir model building workflow is mainly divided into four steps: definition of the reservoir boundaries by interpreting the top and base horizons building a geologically structural model (layering faults etc) population of properties (porosity permeabilities…) by kriging or co-kriging for instance and then upscaling the model in order to get a reservoir model. This workflow requires a lot of manual efforts in particular the building of a structural model (Figure 1). The method described herein proposes a new approach that automates part
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Getting Rid of Stratigraphic Grids
Authors J.-L. Mallet, R. Moyen, T. Frank, L. Castanie, B. Leflon and J.-J. RoyerB019 GETTING RID OF STRATIGRAPHIC GRIDS Abstract 1 The implementation of any geostatistical method requires the use of a parametric coordinate system (u v t) such that (u v) corresponds to “horizontal” curvilinear coordinates tangent to the horizons while (t) corresponds to the “vertical” curvilinear axis approximately orthogonal to the horizons. So far common practice consists in covering the geological domain with a “structured stratigraphic grid” and then to use the (i j k) indexes as a sampling of the (u v t) coordinates. In this article we propose a completely different approach based on the recently introduced “GeoChron” model
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Effects of Geostatistical Heterogeneity on Lateral Flow Behavior
Authors E. Serpen, E. Laine and C.A. Ehlig-EconomidesB020 EFFECTS OF GEOSTATISTICAL HETEROGENEITY ON LATERAL FLOW BEHAVIOR E. SERPEN 1 * E. LAINE 2 AND C.A. EHLIG-ECONOMIDES 1 SUMMARY 1 Most oil reservoirs begin secondary production after primary production. In contract πproduction starts with waterflood. The π-production strategy accelerates oil recovery by quickly bringing the reservoir to peak production and by keeping the oil production rate constant until oil recovery reaches at least 50% of the initial oil in place. If water breaks through before 50% recovery then the water-injection rate is increased enough to maintain the constant oil rate. This study investigates the effect of geostatistically-simulated heterogeneous
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Modelling of the Capillary End Effects in Hydraulically Fractured Tight Gas Reservoirs
Authors G. Pusch, V. Reitenbach and G.F. IonescuB021 MODELLING OF THE CAPILLARY END EF- FECTS IN HYDRAULICALLY FRACTURED TIGHT GAS RESERVOIRS Abstract 1 The hydraulic frac stimulation is a common way to enhance the productivity of the tight gas reservoirs. However significantly reduced post-frac gas production rates were often reported as a result of less successful frac treatments. Damage to the tight gas reservoir caused by the invasion of the fracturing fluid filtrate can be a reason for this productivity reduction. The analytical estimations and numerical simulation of the invasion process presented in this paper show that the extended invasion zone and the appearance of the elevated
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Reservoir Scale Geomechanical Modelling
Authors L. Grande, F. Cuisiat, N.K. Loe and O. HavmøllerB022 RESERVOIR SCALE GEOMECHANICAL MODELLING Summary 1 A new approach is presented to predict potential geomechanical problems associated with production from oil and gas reservoirs. The approach is based on the development of dedicated modules within a commercial geological modeling software (RMS) to address specific geomechanical problems for the whole field. The approach is illustrated for a gas reservoir in Mid-Norway. By using a common platform for geological modelling and geomechanical evaluations a streamline workflow is available to assess directly the impact of geological uncertainties on reservoir simulation (through the choice of compressibility values) as well as sand screening /
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Application Interoperability and Storage of Interpretation Results – The SEM Approach in ENI E&P
Authors E. Aliverti, M. Botta, D. Gerbasio, G. Cernuzzi, P. Gossenberg, A. Ceresa and M. PiantanidaB023 APPLICATION INTEROPERABILITY AND STORAGE OF INTERPRETATION RESULTS: THE SEM APPROACH IN ENI E&P Abstract 1 When dealing with the construction of an Earth Model many specialists from different disciplines provide their own contribution. Often such specialists use their own applications and tools which are highly optimized for the achievement of their part of the work; on the other hand the interpretation results from each of these tools are often difficult to integrate with one another. The SEM (Shared Earth Model) project within ENI E&P was aimed at providing G&G specialists with a framework where the interoperability of applications is
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An Internet Database for Analysing Hydrocarbon Production Sensitivity
Authors A.A. Tchistiakov, M. Nepveu, T. Manzocchi, J.N. Carter and A. SkorstadB024 AN INTERNET DATABASE FOR ANALYSING HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION SENSITIVITY Introduction 1 This paper describes an internet database containing results from over 32 500 parametrically distinct full-field flow simulation models of shallow marine reservoirs generated in the multipartner EU-supported SAIGUP project (www.fault-analysis-group.ucd.ie). The objectives of the project were 1) quantification of the relative and absolute influences of sedimentology structure and up-scaling on reserves estimation and production forecasting from reservoirs with different sedimentological and structural properties and 2) definition of geologically relevant dynamic and static heterogeneity measures and dimensionless groups for improved production forecasting in faulted clastic reservoirs. The SAIGUP database is
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Listening to the Waves
Authors M.T. Taner and S. TreitelB025 LISTENING TO THE WAVES Abstract 1 Joint time frequency analysis (JTFA) as developed by Gabor and subsequently refined by Morlet can be used in conjunction with both supervised as well as unsupervised artificial neural networks to produce seismic lithology maps. In a manner similar to our current understanding of the human hearing system it is possible to develop a procedure in which instantaneous amplitude spectral information obtained from seismic sub-band analyses are used as input to Kohonen Self Organizing Map (SOM) artificial neural networks. One can thereby produce both uncalibrated as well as calibrated cluster analyses from which in
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Seismic Anisotropy as a Lithological Indicator
By J. ArnaudB026 SEISMIC ANISOTROPY AS A LITHOLOGICAL INDICATOR Abstract 1 Polar (VTI) anisotropy is now commonly used for large angle time and depth correction of gathers and for physical and consistent depth calibration. As basically an increase of anisotropy is linked to an increase of the shale content in the formation the variations of seismic anisotropy can be an indicator of variations in sand/shale ratio. After calculation of the effective anisotropy values from a 3 term high density time velocity picking the next step is to derive from them interval parameters which can be used for lithological predictions of the shaly
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IOI – A Method for Fine-Scale, Quantitative Description of Reservoir Properties from Seismic
Authors D.H. Caldwell and J.G. HammanB027 IOI – A METHOD FOR FINE-SCALE QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF RESERVOIR PROPERTIES FROM SEISMIC 1 Abstract Inversion of inversion IOI is a method for predicting fine scale reservoir properties relevant to flow through the integration of seismic petrophysical and geological models. The technique uses constrained deterministic physical relationships of rock and fluid compressibility to predict porosity and fluid saturation. When aggregated and forward modeled these reservoir properties will reproduce the original experimental observations found in the well logs and seismic surveys. The reservoir scale layers are adjusted and combined in a defined depositional stacking sequence to produce an effective medium
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Joint Estimation of Porosity and Saturation Using Stochastic Rock Physics Modeling
Authors R. Bachrach and N. DuttaB028 JOINT ESTIMATION OF POROSITY AND SATURATION USING STOCHASTIC ROCK PHYSICS MODELING Abstract 1 Porosity and saturation are fundamental sedimentary properties that affect both seismic wave propagation and the appraisal development and production of an oil field. Traditionally these parameters have been estimated from seismic impedances and velocities using Biot-Gassman theory and/or porosity-velocity relation. However when using theory to relate surface seismic attributes to reservoir saturation the porosity estimation problem and its affect on the unsaturated sedimentary properties should be addressed. Similarly the problem of porosity estimation is also affected by the hydrocarbon saturation at the target. Because bulk modulus
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Identifying Productive Fractures in the Narraway Gas Field Using the Envelope of Seismic Anisotropy
Authors D. Todorovic-Marinic, G. Larson, D. Gray, G. Soule and J. PelletierB029 IDENTIFYING PRODUCTIVE FRACTURES IN THE NARRAWAY GAS FIELD USING THE ENVELOPE OF SEISMIC ANISOTROPY Summary 1 This paper summarizes recent progress towards the goal of identifying productive vertically aligned fractures cracks or micro-cracks in gas reservoirs using surface seismic data. Our results demonstrate that identification and interpretation of fracture trends can be more accurate by exploiting a new seismic attribute the envelope of the anisotropic gradient in an integrated interpretation approach. The method was applied to the Narraway gas field located on the leading edge of the Foothills Disturbed Belt in Northwest Alberta where intersecting the fracture trends with
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Fracture Detection and Analysis from a 3-D VSP Survey in Ekofisk Field
Authors B.J. Evans, M. Luo, N. Arihara and X.-Q. Ma1 B030 Fracture detection and analysis from a 3-D VSP survey in Ekofisk field MU LUO ∗ NORIO ARIHARA * BRIAN J. EVANS + AND XIN-QUAN MA # * Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan + Curtin University of Technology PO Box U1987 Perth Australia 6845 # Baker Hughes CGG Joint Venture R&D London U.K. Introduction Ekofisk field in the Norwegian North Sea was discovered in 1969. However as pointed out by Sulak (1990) even after decades of production much remains to be understood. One of the major challenges in an attempt to gain a more detailed understanding
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Improved AVO Analysis by Common Reflection Surface (CRS) Technology
Authors H. Trappe, R. Coman, H. Endres and J. PruessmannB031 IMPROVED AVO ANALYSIS BY COMMON REFLECTION SURFACE (CRS) TECHNOLOGY Summary 1 The Common-Reflection-Surface (CRS) method which was developed in recent years has increasingly been used for the high resolution imaging of complex subsurface structures. Assuming subsurface reflector elements with dip and curvature the CRS method renders an increased signal-tonoise ratio and additional subsurface information in comparison to conventional NMO/DMO time domain imaging. These advantages of the CRS method however may as well be used for an improved Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) analysis. A case study shows that the more realistic subsurface assumptions and the increased fold of the CRS
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Optimised Data Preconditioning for Improved 3D Stratigraphic Inversion of the Gudrun Field
Authors Y.P. Freudenreich, C. Reiser, H.I. Sognnes and E. BjerkebaekB032 OPTIMISED DATA PRECONDITIONING FOR IMPROVED 3D STRATIGRAPHIC INVERSION OF THE GUDRUN FIELD Abstract 1 Elastic Impedance inversion of 3-D seismic data has the potential to provide better understanding of the reservoir properties and fluid distribution in a prospect. However real case studies have recently indicated the importance of optimal data processing prior to the inversion if reliable reservoir attributes are to be obtained. Here we present a processing workflow that can produce successful inversion results. We demonstrate how the use of effective residual moveout correction and frequency enhancement prior to the inversion are particularly important for obtaining detailed reservoir
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Oligocene-Pliocene Deepwater Basins – A Review of Geology, Reserves and Economics
By J. RoelofsenB033 OLIGOCENE-PLIOCENE DEEPWATER BASINS: A REVIEW OF GEOLOGY RESERVES AND ECONOMICS Abstract Introduction. Important discoveries have been made in deep marine settings during the last ten years. Although spectacular giant fields were found deepwater reserves with a total of some 77 billion barrels of oil equivalent (Bboe) only represent 8% of all offshore reserves. Deepwater is defined as water depths beyond 500 meters in this paper. 1 A large part of the deepwater reserves are located in reservoirs of Oligocene to Pliocene age. To better predict future potential in deep marine reservoirs a study was undertaken to analyse basins worldwide
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Brazil – The Opening of the Oil and Gas Sector and the Exploration Process
Authors J.M.A. Forman, M.R. Franke and D.C. PedrosoB034 BRAZIL: THE OPENING OF THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR AND THE EXPLORATION PROCESS Abstract The opening of the oil and gas sector in Brazil (1997) and the exploration process 1 Brazilian oil and gas industry is today one of the ten largest in the world. Being an importing country many challenges lie in the E&P sector of the industry. Twenty nine basins offer exploration potential for new discoveries and oil and gas production is increasing at an average rate of 8.7% and 9.6% per year respectively over the last ten years (Figure 1). 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600
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Carbonate Deep-Sea Turbiditic Systems – The Example of the Toarcian-Oxfordian of the Tethyan Paleomargin of Oman
Authors F. Guillocheau, P. Razin, C. Robin, R. Blanke, E. Lasseur, F. Bechennec and S. GoricanB035 CARBONATE DEEP-SEA TURBIDITIC SYSTEMS: THE EXAMPLE OF THE TOARCIAN- OXFORDIAN OF THE TETHYAN PALEOMARGIN OF OMAN 1 Numerous studies have been carried out on the deep-sea siliciclastic deposits mainly on present-day deep-sea fans. Few studies relate to the deep-sea carbonate systems. They concern or “shallow” (less than few hundreds of meters) gravity deposits or present-day real deep-sea settings (mainly peri-Bahamas systems). The aim of this contribution is to reconstruct both facies and geometries of a real past deep-sea turbiditic system along the exceptionally preserved deposits of the Tethyan passive paleomargin of Oman. This margin has been obducted by the
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Deformation and Sediment Transfer along the West African Margin – II. Origin of Vertical Motions
Authors O. Dauteuil, M. Leroy, M. Guiraud, D. Rouby and N. EllouzB036 DEFORMATION AND SEDIMENT TRANSFER ALONG THE WEST AFRICAN MARGIN: II. ORIGIN OF VERTICAL MOTIONS. 1 O. DAUTEUIL 1 M. LEROY 1 M. GUIRAUD 2 D. ROUBY 1 AND N. ELLOUZ 3 1 UMR-CNRS 6118 Géosciences Rennes université de Rennes 1 35042 Rennes CEDEX 2 CNRS UMR 5561 Biogeosciences-Dijon Université de Bourgogne 6 bd Gabriel F21000 Dijon (France). 3 IFP 1-4 av Bois Préau 92852 RUEIL MALMAISON CEDEX Introduction The behaviour of sedimentary systems over geological times remains a very important question in the understanding of the geometry of sedimentary basins and the associated reservoirs because they ensure the erosion
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Fault Systems Analysis Using Automatic Fault Displacement Estimates – A Case Study
Authors A. Carrillat, H.G. Borgos, T. Randen, L. Sonneland, L. Kvamme and K. HanschB037 FAULT SYSTEMS ANALYSIS USING AUTOMATIC FAULT DISPLACEMENT ESTIMATES – A CASE STUDY Summary 1 A procedure for complex fault system analysis is presented where automated fault mapping technology [1]has been coupled with an automated fault displacement estimate algorithm [2]. This new technology is based on classification of seismic extrema identified on either side of the fault plane and allows generating a continuous measurement of the fault displacement along the fault plane and analyzing its variability in space. The driving concept is to enable a system level interpretation where the interpreter or structural geologist focuses his attention and expertise on
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Modeling the Effect of Decollement Levels on Style of Folded Structures, Application to the Zagros Folds
Authors S. Sherkati and J. LetouzeyB038 MODELING THE EFFECT OF DECOLLEMENT LEVELS ON STYLE OF FOLDED STRUCTURES APPLICATION TO THE ZAGROS FOLDS 1 SHAHRAM SHERKATI 1 & JEAN LETOUZEY 2 1 National Iranian Oil Company Yaghma allay Jomhuri Ave. Tehran-Iran The geometry of the folds vary significantly in horizontal and vertical directions in Zagros orogenic belt despite having been subjected to a similar compressional regime. Structural style change from simple isopachly folded large anticlines to chevron type folds which cored by complex compressional structures and to small folds overlie widely spaced anticlines cut by major thrust faults. They show close relationship with different mechanical behavior
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Structure of a Portion of the Offshore Kutch Basin, Northwest India
Authors W.W. Leslie, S.P. Ross, N. Sinha and R. BastiaB039 STRUCTURE OF A PORTION OF THE OFFSHORE KUTCH BASIN NORTHWEST INDIA 1 W. W. LESLIE 1 S. P. ROSS 1 N. SINHA 2 and R. BASTIA 2 1 RamTech Holdings Inc 5240 Tennyson Parkway Suite 209 Plano Texas 75070 USA The Kutch Basin is an east-west trending craton-margin rifted basin in northwestern India. The basin covers approximately 48 000 sq. km. and extends from onshore Gujarat state westward across the offshore continental shelf (Figure 1). Rifting of the basin initiated during the late Triassic breakup of eastern Gondwanaland. Early rifting occurred along an older preexisting basement fault trend known
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Geological Structure of Western Black Sea Region
By G. GeorgievB040 GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF WESTERN BLACK SEA REGION 1 G. GEORGIEV Sofia University Dept. of Geology 15 Tzar Osvoboditel Bd. 1504 Sofia Bulgaria:e-mail: [email protected] Introduction The studied Western Black Sea region comprises entirely the offshore zones of Bulgaria and Romania the most southwestern portion of Ukrainian offshore (Odessa gulf) the most western portion of Turkish offshore and the adjacent onshore zones. A common detailed tectonic map for this region based on deep borehole and seismic data has not been composed for the entire region although a lot of deep geological data have been obtained during the last 20-25 years from
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Reserve Growth in Natural Gas Fields of the Southern North Sea Gas Basin
Authors T.R. Klett and D.L. GautierB041 RESERVE GROWTH IN NATURAL GAS FIELDS OF THE SOUTHERN NORTH SEA GAS BASIN 1 T. R. KLETT 1 AND DONALD L. GAUTIER 2 1 United States Geological Survey Box 25046 Denver Federal Center MS-939 Denver Colorado 80225 U.S.A. Introduction Estimates of recoverable natural gas volumes (cumulative production plus estimated remaining reserves expressed as field size) increased between 1986 and 2001 in gas fields discovered before 1986 of the Southern North Sea Gas Basin. About 8% of the estimated recoverable natural gas reported in 2001 (more than 19x10 12 cubic feet (ft 3 ) out of 229x10 12 ft 3
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Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Systems – Paleozoic Examples from Southern Tunisia
Authors H. El Euchi, A. Ouahchi, J. Ben Yaagoub and D. KebaierB042 TECTONICS AND HYDROCARBON SYSTEMS: PALEOZOIC EXAMPLES FROM SOUTHERN TUNISIA Introduction 1 H.El Euchi* A.Ouahchi* J.Ben Yaagoub** & D Kebaier* ETAP Tunisia ENI Tunisia The actual structural configuration of Tunisia resulted in a complex tectonic framework obviously marked by three major events: - The Palaeozoic events which could be resumed in the Caledonian and Hercynian orogenies separated by sag periods. - The Mesozoic movements starting at the Middle-Late Triassic and interpreted as intracraton rifting followed by active margin development of the Tethys through the Jurassic- Cretaceous time interval. However latest Aptian- Early Albian period is characterized overall Tunisia by an
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Tiaka Field, Sulawesi – The Only One Known Example of Thrusted Anticline Play Type in Indonesia
Authors A. Baasir, S. Sukmono, R. Abimanyu and N. PudyoB043 TIAKA FIELD: A RECOGNIZED POTENTIAL THRUSTED ANTICLINE PLAY TYPE IN SULAWESI - INDONESIA Abstract 1 S. SUKMONO 1 A. BAASIR 2 R. ABIMANYU 2 AND NUGRAHANI PUDYO 3 Summary Tiaka Field is a potential thrusted anticline play type field in Sulawesi Indonesia which developed due to collisional tectonics. The hydrocarbon reservoir in the Tiaka Field is mainly carbonate of Tomori Formation which is overlain by the Matindok and Minahaki Formations. Seismic complex attributes and seismic inversion analysis are integrated to characterize the reservoir in this field. Cosine of phase and instantaneous phase attributes are utilized for interpreting structural and
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Pondok Tengah Discovery, Indonesia – A New Big Fish in Mature Explored Basin
Authors E. Purnomo, R. Ryacudu, A. Ascaria and T. KuntoB044 PONDOK TENGAH DISCOVERY INDONESIA: A NEW BIG FISH IN MATURE EXPLORED BASIN Summary 1 The Pondok Tengah (PDT)-1 well has been drilled in the mature explored basin. However a significant amount of oil was successfully discovered. The discovery is made possible through utilization of all available information especially for detailed carbonate facies interpretation which then incorporated with structural closure. Introduction Pondok Tengah (PDT)-1 well is situated about 40 kilometres east of Jakarta. Geologically the Pondok Tengah structure is located in the Tertiary North West Java Basin which is known as one of the prolific hydrocarbon provinces in Indonesia. The
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Chasing Permian Dune Sandstones in Central Saudi Arabia
By P.M. RuttyB045 CHASING PERMIAN DUNE SANDSTONES IN CENTRAL SAUDI ARABIA Summary 1 Interpretation of a large 3D seismic volume from central Saudi Arabia has shed new light on the local structure and depositional history of the Permian Unayzah A Reservoir. A remarkably linear Unayzah valley well-imaged in the 3D volume was found to be oriented perpendicular to most other depositional trends of the Unayzah A. Additional integration of the seismic with well logs core descriptions and test analyses has further underscored the complexity of what was previously thought to be a somewhat simpler unit. Geology Prolific hydrocarbon producers in Saudi Arabia
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The Post-Salt Oil Fields and Prospects of the PreCaspian Basin (Kazakhstan) – Remaining Potential?
Authors J.M. González-Muñoz and J.R. Carballo-GarcíaB046 THE POST-SALT OIL FIELDS AND PROSPECTS OF THE PRECASPIAN BASIN (KAZAKHSTAN): REMAINING POTENTIAL? Abstract 1 The PreCaspian Basin (Kazakhstan) has many giant oil and gas fields and is one of the most important salt basins in the world due to the occurrence of an evaporitic unit (Kungurian-Lower Permian) separating two mega complexes. This paper analyzes the Post-Salt discovered Oil&Gas Fields and the potential of these prospects. The Post-Salt identified hydrocarbon reserves are 3 billion barrels of oil and around 10 TCF only 11.5% and 1.2% respectively of the Basin reserves. Since the 18th century the presence of oil and
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3D VSP in the Deep Water Gulf of Mexico Fills in Sub-Salt ‘Shadow Zone’
Authors B. Hornby, J. Sharp, J. Farrelly, S. Hall and H. SugiantoC001 3D VSP in the deep water Gulf of Mexico fills in sub-salt ‘shadow zone’ Summary 1 In BP’s Mad Dog field in the deep water Gulf of Mexico we acquired two large 3D VSP surveys for the purpose of filling in blind spots in the surface seismic volume. The surveys were large requiring a greater than 9 km radius spiral for the surface shot geometry and more than 8 days survey time. A major innovation that kept costs down substantially was a completely rig-less or off-line acquisition in the target well while the rig drilled a new well through
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3D Multicomponent VSP Processing Flow for Imaging beneath Salt
Authors E. Shoshitaishvili, S. Sugianto, R. Clarke, B. Nolte, J. Dellinger and B. HornbyC002 3D MULTICOMPONENT VSP PROCESSING FLOW FOR IMAGING BENEATH SALT 1 E. SHOSHITAISHVILI S. SUGIANTO R. CLARKE B. NOLTE J. DELLINGER AND B. HORNBY BP 501 Westlake Park Blvd Houston TX 77079 USA Abstract The most common problems in sub-salt imaging are “no-data” areas and low resolution. Since the costs of drilling wells are very high better imaging and understanding of complex geology is desirable. One way to fill in data holes and improve the resolution of sub-salt seismic imaging is to record a long-offset multicomponent 3D VSP (vertical seismic profile) above the target area with receivers strategically positioned underneath
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Depth Imaging in a Carbonate and Salt Environment Using Grid-Based Tomography
Authors M. O‘Briain, U. Albertin, M.J. Woodward and S.J. KapoorC003 Depth imaging in a carbonate and salt environment using grid-based tomography Abstract 1 MICHAEL O’BRIAIN UWE ALBERTIN MARTA WOODWARD AND S. JERRY KAPOOR Western Geco 10001 Richmond Avenue Houston TX 77042 We present an optimized depth-imaging processing flow for the recovery of thin-layer carbonate velocities in the Alaminos Canyon area GOM. Geology in this area consists of highly folded sediment and carbonate layering in close proximity to salt. The processing flow consists of multiple iterations of Kirchhoff depth migration as well as horizon-constrained and unconstrained grid tomography. Examples are given that illustrate how this flow resulted in a convergent
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Seismic Reservoir Mapping Using Rock Physics Templates – Example from a North Sea Turbidite System
Authors A.-J. van Wijngaarden, S. Lund Jensen, E. Ødegaard and P. AvsethC004 Seismic Reservoir Mapping Using Rock Physics Templates: Example from a North Sea Turbidite System Abstract 1 Rock physics templates (RPTs) are locally calibrated rock physics models that can be used for interpretation of well log and seismic data. Ødegaard and Avseth (2003) showed how to construct the templates and presented examples of how to apply RPTs for well log and seismic data analysis. In this case study we present an example of the full workflow of RPT analysis starting with the selection of the most appropriate RPT using well log cross-plot analysis followed by rock physics interpretation of elastic
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Velocity Estimation in Complex Chalk
Authors M.J. Sugrue, I.F. Jones, E.J. Evans, S. Fairhead and G. MarsdenC005 VELOCITY ESTIMATION IN COMPLEX CHALK Abstract 1 Mick Sugrue 1 Ian F. Jones 1 Emma Evans 1 Stuart Fairhead 2 Gary Marsden 3 1: GX Technology180 High Street Egham Surrey TW20 9DN UK 2: Amerada Hess Corporation USA 3: Amerada Hess A/S Denmark Here we consider a North Sea study where our initial approach was to build the subsurface model using interpreted horizons as a guide to the velocity update. This is common practice in the North Sea where the geology ‘lends itself’ to a layer-based model representation. In other words we encourage preconceived bias as we consider it
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Acquisition and Processing of Sparse 3D Data in Colombian Foothills – Tangara 3D Survey
Authors J.M. Mougenot, R. Petton and A. CorreaC006 ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING OF SPARSE 3D DATA IN COLOMBIAN FOOTHILLS: TANGARA 3D SURVEY Abstract 1 A 3D survey was acquired in 2002-2003 over the Tangara structure in the Llanos basin of Colombia. The sparse 3D design already used by several operators in the foothills of Argentina and Bolivia has also been implemented to acquire this survey. This sparse design is characterised by large shot line and receiver line intervals adapted to the target depth. The lines are also slalomed to avoid the obstacles of this difficult mountainous environment. The processing was performed independently by three processing centres. The Tangara
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Sensitivity Analysis of Depth Seismic Images for Structural Interpretation in Foothills
Authors A. Jardin, E. Desaulniers, D. Kirkwood, S. Rodriguez and F. RoureC007 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF DEPTH SEISMIC IMAGES FOR STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION IN FOOTHILLS Abstract 1 Getting a geologically realistic seismic image still remains a big challenge in foothills exploration as geology displays high structural complexity accounting for strong lateral velocity contrasts whereas seismic data show low signal to noise ratio. Ranges of seismic imaging tools including pre-stack time migration re-datuming and depth migration have been developed to deal with this. When the velocity variations are strong across the lines depth migration is definitely required and directly provides seismic images in depth. It requires however the construction of detailed depth models describing
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Thrust-Belt Velocity-Model Interpretation for 3D Anisotropic Depth Migration
Authors R. Vestrum, D. Mackie and A. SchoeppC008 Thrust-belt velocity-model interpretation for 3D anisotropic depth migration R. VESTRUM 1 D. MACKIE 2 and A. SCHOEPP 1 Abstract 1 In complex-structure land environments like in the foothills of a major thrust belt velocity-model building is highly interpretive and relies on structural-geology constraints. With steeply dipping anisotropic clastics outcropping at surface an accurate description of the bedding dip and dip azimuth in the subsurface is required if the depth migration is to accurately correct for imaging and position problems on structures below these anisotropic strata. The case history presented here follows the process of interpreting a 3D anisotropic velocity
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Analysis from 3D Fault Displacement Extracted from Seismic Data
Authors M. Øygaren, T. Skov, H.G. Borgos, M. Nickel and L. SønnelandC009 ANALYSIS FROM 3D FAULT DISPLACEMENT EXTRACTED FROM SEISMIC DATA Introduction 1 A new method for fault displacement analysis is proposed. The method is a two-step process where automatic fault extraction from seismic represents the first step [1] and a fault system analysis represent the second step [2]. In the second step the interpreter then uses a top-down approach meaning that all faults surfaces are already created and can be directly analysed on a system level. Beside the orientation the displacement values (Figure 1) will here be the most important system property. By use of these properties a fault system
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Fault Sealing Evaluation Using Seismic Data in a Deep Offshore Turbidites Field
Authors E. Brechet, F. Pivot, J.M. Janiseck, S. Guillon and J. DemichelisC010 FAULT SEALING EVALUATION USING SEISMIC DATA IN A DEEP OFFSHORE TURBIDITES FIELD E.BRECHET 1 F. PIVOT 1 JM. JANISECK 1 S.GUILLON 1 J.DEMICHELIS 2 Abstract 1 The determination of the sealing capacity of a fault is a key issue in field development. The following paper suggests an innovative way of using 3D seismic and litho-seismic data for this purpose. Two main aspects have to be adressed: the fault geometry and the reservoir sands juxtaposition along the fault segments. The detection of fault relays and flexures has been performed using seismic attributes which enhanced the fault trends. The sand juxtaposition
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Validating Seismic Correlations by Unfaulting and Multi-Horizon Flattening
By K.W. RuttenC011 VALIDATING SEISMIC CORRELATIONS BY UNFAULTING AND MULTI-HORIZON FLATTENING 1 SUMMARY A simple and practical technology to validate seismic character correlations in faulted areas is presented. The technology is targeted at mainstream seismic interpreters. Special structural-geological knowledge or data is not required. INTRODUCTION In seismic interpretation fault throws are generally interpreted by correlating seismic character across faults along dip lines (and by following seismic horizons from off-structure to on-structure on strike lines which is not discussed here). Correlating seismic character across faults is laborious and results are difficult to validate (i.e. prove to be valid). Horizon flattening is currently the
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Improving Seismic Structural Information Using Trigonometric Interpolation
Authors E. Labrunye and J.-L. MalletC012 IMPROVING SEISMIC STRUCTURAL INFORMATION USING TRIGONOMETRIC INTERPOLATION Abstract 1 Seismic interpretation is often complicated by a high level of noise in the seismic data and significant geological features may be missed or misunderstood. We present a very simple and fast method to improve the quality of the structural information of a seismic cube based on correlation of a trigonometric interpolation of the seismic data. Each point of the seismic cube is stacked with its similar neighbours along the dip of the seismic reflectors. By applying the filter iteratively we improve the continuity of the seismic horizons without smoothing the
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Seismic Modeling of Sulphate Dissolution and Karst Collapse Related Deformation
Authors S.L. Jensen, D. Hunt and S.A. PetersenC013 SEISMIC MODELING OF SULPHATE DISSOLUTION AND KARST COLLAPSE RELATED DEFORMATION S.L. JENSEN 1 D. HUNT 1 AND S.A. PETERSEN 1 Summary 1 Seismic modeling has been used to model subtle dissolution structures and to describe the complexity in the overlying producing carbonate reservoir and its overburden caused by karst collapse deformation. It is shown that the non-dissolved sulphate must be at least 20-30 m thick to show the same high amplitude response as in the surface seismic. The complexity of the carbonates can be explained by collapse related faults as small as 5-15 m. The seismic modeling software developed
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3D Seismic-Stratigraphic Integrated Approach for Prospect Generation
Authors L. Lipparini, R. Lotti, C. Nini, V. Nolli and G. ValentiC014 3D SEISMIC-STRATIGRAPHIC INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR PROSPECT GENERATION Abstract 1 LORENZO LIPPARINI ROBERTO LOTTI CLAUDIO NINI VILIA NOLLI GIUSEPPE VALENTI In the last ten years the quality and extension of 3D Seismic Data have improved in an impressive way and at the same time Oil & Gas Companies had to plan and design new approach to an effective use of these new high quality 3D data. In particular in new venture areas as in the deep and ultra deep water blocks around the world the capacity to manipulate and interpret 3D seismics has became an key point of success for
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Automated Geometry Extraction from 3D Seismic Data by Lateral Waveform Recognition
Authors L. Sonneland, H.G. Borgos, T. Skov, A. Carrillat and T. RandenC015 AUTOMATED GEOMETRY EXTRACTION FROM 3D SEISMIC DATA BY LATERAL WAVEFORM RECOGNITION Summary 1 A novel method for extracting geometry primitives from seismic data is presented. All events in the 3D seismic cube is detected and combined into geometric primitives based on similarities in the local waveform. No assumptions of continuity in the geometric primitives are required which can therefore represent faulted reflectors. This facilitates quantification of the fault displacement. The accuracy with which the local waveform is represented is selectable implying that subtle lateral changes in the reflectivity can be detected and exploited. This characteristic enables analysis of stratigraphic
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Unsupervised Seismic Facies Classification Using Matching Pursuit and Self Organizing Maps
Authors M.C. Matos, P.L.M. Osório and P.R.S. Johann1 C016 Unsupervised Seismic Facies Classification Using Matching Pursuit and Self Organizing Maps MARCÍLIO C. MATOS 1 3 PAULO L.M. OSÓRIO 1 AND PAULO R.S. JOHANN 2 Abstract A new alternative to build seismic facies maps is presented. We propose to use matching pursuit with timefrequency dictionaries in each geological oriented segment of the temporal seismic trace associated with the Self Organizing Maps (SOM) as a clustering tool. Jointly they could be used as a seismic facies estimator. The technique was applied to a real data from a deep-water field in the Campos Basin Brazil. Introduction 1 Pontifícia Universidade Católica
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Making Dense Velocity Fields the Norm
Authors C.J.S. McKenzie, H. Hoeber, D. Tam and D.N. WhitcombeC017 MAKING DENSE VELOCITY FIELDS THE NORM Abstract 1 Since 2000 we have been working to deliver routine high-density velocity analysis for production processing. This involves initially manually picking a 500 metre grid velocity field followed by autopicking on a 50 metre grid. The velocities are carefully edited filtered and QC’d with several new methods. We now perform dense automated velocity picking routinely for all marine surveys in the time-domain and we are increasingly using the approach for depth-imaging projects. Further improvements to the velocities will be delivered by the use of bi-spectral picking as well as geostatistical filtering techniques.
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Automatic Imaging – Velocity Veracity
More LessC018 AUTOMATIC IMAGING: VELOCITY VERACITY Abstract 1 A system for automatic high density migration velocity estimation and imaging has been developed. Imaging velocities are calculated at every CMP and time location and are iteratively updated to achieve optimal image quality. The Auto Imager approach is demonstrated with 3D real and synthetic examples and the veracity of the estimated velocity is investigated in comparison to independently estimated interval velocities and depth migration results for two real 3D data sets. Introduction K.STINSON 1 M.RESHEF 2 WAI-KIN CHAN 1 E.CRASE 1 M.ROTH 2 S.LEVY 1 1 Data Modeling Inc.1120 521-3 rd Ave. S.W.
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High Resolution Tomographic MVA with Automation
By P. HardyC019 HIGH RESOLUTION TOMOGRAPHIC MVA WITH AUTOMATION Summary 1 Prestack reflection tomography is gradually being promoted from a method secondary to the vertical velocity updating scheme to become the main model building tool used routinely on the majority of imaging projects. Key to this transition is the recent development of efficient automatic picking algorithms which provide high accuracy high resolution and high volume velocity information with minimum user intervention. Following this trend tomographic algorithms have evolved from expert-only tools to mainstream industrial applications . Today we routinely auto-pick several hundreds of square Km of data and invert those picks into
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Fast Cycle PreSDM Model Building Using Dense RMO Analysis and 3D Finite Offset Tomography – A Timor Sea Case Study
Authors V. Dirks, P. Plasterie, L. Vincent and P. GuillaumeC020 Fast cycle PreSDM model building using dense RMO analysis and 3D finite offset tomography – A Timor Sea Case Study Abstract 1 We have replaced the classical migration scan methodology by a combination of dense residual moveout (RMO) picking and 3D finite-offset tomography in areas of moderate structural complexity. The objective was a significant reduction in turnaround time for the PreSDM model building with an equal or better final image quality. On a Timor Sea marine streamer dataset re-processing project we found that a reduction of the project duration by a factor greater than two is achievable whilst improving
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Stereotomographic Picking in Practice
Authors G. Lambaré, M. Alerini and P. PodvinC021 Stereotomographic picking in practice Abstract 1 GILLES LAMBARÉ* MATHIAS ALERINI 1 PASCAL PODVIN* *École des Mines de Paris France 1 Sintef Petroleum Research Trondheim Norway Stereotomography allows estimating velocity macro models from seismic reflection data. Compared to travel time tomography the specificity of the method is that it considers locally coherent events. As a result Stereotomographic picking is easier and leads to a much denser coverage of the model. Several applications have demonstrated the efficiency but also the principal difficulties of the approach : regularization and picking. For picking in order to retain the efficiency of the method we
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Poststack Stereotomography – A Robust Strategy for Velocity Model Estimation
More LessC022 POSTSTACK STEREOTOMOGRAPHY: A ROBUST STRATEGY FOR VELOCITY MODEL ESTIMATION Abstract 1 Stereotomography which is based on the concept of locally coherent events appears to be a fast and powerful method for velocity macro-model estimation for depth imaging. However in presence of low signal-to-noise ratio and coherent noise automatic event picking on prestack data does not guarantee reliable information and may lead to wrong velocity models. In this paper we present a new implementation of Stereotomography where the picking is performed in poststack time domain. It allows a robust and reliable picking procedure. We will show results obtained using “poststack
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3D Velocity Model Determination with Kinematic Wavefield Attributes
Authors T. Klüver and E. DuveneckC023 3D VELOCITY MODEL DETERMINATION WITH KINEMATIC WAVEFIELD ATTRIBUTES E. DUVENECK AND T. KLÜVER Geophysical Institute University of Karlsruhe Hertzstr. 16 76187 Karlsruhe Germany Summary A tomographic inversion method is presented which uses traveltime information in the form of kinematic wavefield attributes (first and second spatial traveltime derivatives) to determine smooth laterally inhomogeneous 3D subsurface velocity models for depth imaging. The kinematic wavefield attributes can be extracted from the seismic prestack data by means of the common-reflection-surface (CRS) stack. The required input for the tomography can be picked in the resulting stacked zero-offset volume. Only very few picks are required
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Sub-Salt Velocity Model Update Using Wave-Equation Migration Perturbation Scans
More LessC024 Sub-salt Velocity Model Update using Wave- Equation Migration Perturbation Scans Abstract 1 We have developed a new practical sub-salt velocity model update procedure using wave equation based perturbation scans which aims to improve sub-salt depth imaging results. In our approach we have borrowed ideas from traditional time processing for picking velocity perturbation in the migrated stack domain which have been used for years in areas of poor signal to noise where image gather analysis is impossible or unreliable. In contrast to the time domain processing we perform our picking in a pseudo depth domain with the benefit of lateral
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Application of Stochastic Analysis & Modeling through Integrated Reservoir Characterization in GONBADLIGas Reservoir – A Common Field between Iran & Turkmanestan
Authors B. Mostaghel, A. Bashari, A. Kkakzad and A. AminC025 APPLICATION OF STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS & MODELINGTHROUGH INTEGRATED RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION IN GONBADLIGAS RESERVOIR ( A COMMON FIELD BETWEEN IRAN & TURKAMANESTAN) B. MOSTAGHEL* A. BASHARI** A.KKAKZAD* AND A.AMIN SOBHANI Islamic Azad University Science & Research Campus Ponak Tehran* Iranian Offshore Oil Company** Abstract : This paper presents an applied workflow results of an integrated from Petrophysical Geophysical and Reservoir Engineering aspects. The input data were provided for a high resolution Geo-statistical inversion with porosity co-simulation studies of gas saturated Lower Cretaceous Sandstones of the Kopet-Dagh Basin on Gonbadli field in North Eastern of Iran.This study covered part of a project
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Stochastic Inversion of OBC PZ Data at the Eldfisk Field
More LessC026 STOCHASTIC INVERSION OF OBC PZ DATA AT THE ELDFISK FIELD Abstract 1 The Eldfisk Field is a chalk reservoir located in the southern North Sea at about 3 km depth. Here chalk porosity is highly correlated to seismic acoustic impedance (AI). Given the reservoir lithology AI and likewise “seismic porosity” can be used to constrain the reservoir model away from well control. AI is also a layer property and is more closely linked to geology and geo-bodies than seismic reflection data which assist the interpretation process. Stochastic inversion subsequent to deterministic inversion was used among other reasons to preserve
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Probabilistic Gas Prediction at Hamaca Field, Venezuela
Authors M. Bee, E. Rietsch, B. Cerney and M. WaiteC027 PROBABILISTIC GAS PREDICTION AT HAMACA FIELD VENEZUELA 1 M. BEE 1 E. RIETSCH 1 B. CERNEY 1 AND M. WAITE 2 1 ChevronTexaco EPTC 4800 Fournace Place Bellaire TX 77401 USA The Hamaca Field currently has about 100 wells available for production. Production rate has been curtailed in about 5% of the wells due to high GORs and/or mechanical problems due to gas. Over the life of the project more than 1000 wells are planned to be drilled and thus a strong business driver is to enhance the prediction of gas zones from seismic in order to minimize their
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Improving 4D Seismic Repeatability Using 3D Factorial Kriging
Authors F. Jugla, M. Rapin, S. Legeron, C. Magneron and L. LivingstoneC028 IMPROVING 4D SEISMIC REPEATABILITY USING 3D FACTORIAL KRIGING Summary Geostatistical filtering (factorial kriging) was applied to the 1981-1996 time lapse seismic data of the TOTAL UK Alwyn field . The goal was to suppress the noises and acquisition artifacts in both datasets in order to improve the 4D repeatability. After filtering the measured coherency (both vertically and spatially) between the two equalized cubes was largely improved. Consequently the 4D events seen in the interval of production appeared to be better focused which permitted to perform a timelapse interpretation with a much higher level of confidence. Introduction 1 The 1981
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Stochastic Pore Fluid Modulus Inversion from Seismic and Rock Physics Data, a Case Study
Authors I. Varela, J. Castagna and W. LambC029 STOCHASTIC PORE FLUID MODULUS INVERSION FROM SEISMIC AND ROCK PHYSICS DATA A CASE STUDY Summary 1 This study involves a stochastic inversion from seismic data and well control to the fluid modulus and its probability within target layers of a hydrocarbon bearing field. The probabilistic inversion method based on Gassmann’s equation as described by White and Castagna (2002) is applied. The method deduces information about the type of fluid encountered in a particular rock by comparing its seismic response to that obtained when the rock is saturated with a fluid of known modulus. To perform this operation a synthetic
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Prestack Seismic Inversion for Sw Modeling
Authors B. Bankhead and A. SenaC030 PRESTACK SEISMIC INVERSION FOR SW MODELING Abstract 1 A workflow was developed as part of a field development project with the objective of building seismically constrained reservoir models of porosity and Sw while retaining the vertical resolution of the well log data and the spatial resolution of the seismic data. The inversion workflow starts with significant pre-conditioning of the CDP gathers and calibration to well data. AVO attributes were calculated for ∆ρ/ρ and deterministically and stochastically inverted for ρ. Once the seismically derived ρ volume was completed it was utilized as soft data for a Sequential Gaussian Simulation for
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Ray-Based Stochastic Inversion
Authors D.W. van der Burg, A.R. Verdel and C.P.A. Wapenaarhas to be extended wavelet� to the analytical ��� +�� � ��� with� the Hilbert transform � of� (if caustics are � absent:� =0). The phase function or � eikonal� is real-valued. � =� ��� � � wavelet)� The synthetic data tests have been performed using the simple model presented in Fig. 3: a 2.5D isotropic-elastic subsurface with constant��=2500 m/s ��/� � =1.7 (resulting in straight rays) and Gaussian reflectors and layer-density variations. The¨ ¤ -component of the single P-wave reflection response of the� -th contrast can be calculated analytically for this model (thereby neglecting the minor amplitude loss for
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Quantifying Uncertainty in Statistical Regression Techniques for Reservoir Mapping
Authors P.M. Wong and S.T. BoernerC032 QUANTIFYING UNCERTAINTY IN STATISTICAL REGRESSION TECHNIQUES FOR RESERVOIR MAPPING Abstract 1 Reservoir characterization requires a good understanding of the spatial distribution of reservoir properties. Statistical regression techniques such as multiple regression and neural networks have been used extensively for this purpose. This paper presents a novel technique to understand the limitations of the reservoir data and to quantify the uncertainty of the subsequent mapping results. We use the Pinedale Anticline dataset in Wyoming to illustrate the workflow and the usefulness of the technique. A set of structural and seismic attributes is to map the cumulative gas production a proxy
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Fractured Reservoirs Management – Recent Progress and Promising Perspectives
Authors B. Bourbiaux, R. Basquet, L.Y. Hu, S. Jenni and A. LangeC033 Fractured reservoirs management: recent progress and promising perspectives B. Bourbiaux R. Basquet L.Y. Hu S. Jenni and A. Lange Institut Français du Pétrole. Summary In the recent years the petroleum industry has become more and more aware of the determining role played by fractures and faults on field production. The reasons invoked include an improved fracture detection from efficient logging tools and advanced interpretation of high-quality seismic responses and the increasing number of mature fields where unexpected production difficulties such as breakthroughs raise suspicions about the presence of fractures. At the same time modelling methodologies and software have been
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Fractures in Carbonates – Aligned or Not Aligned? A Case Study
Authors E. Kozlov, N. Baransky, A. Antonenko, E. Koshchuk and I. Garagash1 C034 FRACTURING IN CARBONATES – ALIGNED OR NOT ALIGNED? (A CASE STUDY) N. BARANSKY 1 E. KOZLOV 1 A. ANTONENKO 2 E. KOSHCHUK 2 and I. GARAGASH* 3 SUMMARY Development of an oil field in East Siberia is hampered by sharp lateral variation of productivity details of which remain obscure. The productivity is related to zones of increased fracturing in a tight carbonate reservoir. Fracturing is assumed to be azimuthally aligned but no definite information on the degree of alignment is available. To lower the uncertainty of the fractured zone detection a set of diverse attributes assumingly related to
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