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Progress’19
- Conference date: November 5-8, 2019
- Location: Sochi, Russia
- Published: 05 November 2019
86 results
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Cost and Feasibility Evaluation of Oil & Gas Greenfields: a Search For the Best Tool
Authors S. Chizhikov, E. Dubovitskaya and A. KirillovSummaryEach oil and gas company in Russia has its own requirements to estimate accuracy at pre-FEED stage. There are various approaches to references frame, including those suggested by AACE International. There are no independent bodies in Russia establishing cost engineering standards at early phases of projects, therefore companies rely on internal demands. Companies are forced to tighten demands to estimate accuracy and validity by current industry trends such as: reduction of large discoveries and move towards small deposits; involvement of undeveloped reservoirs and tight oil reserves; and increase in a number of mature fields demanding integrated reengineering solutions. Until recently aggregative per unit indicators were widely spread, but a demand for minimization of an error range is urging new solutions that could deliver comparability of data and a basis for a comprehensive analysis. The paper aims at determination of key criteria for setting up correct methodological and approaches to cost and feasibility evaluation of oil and gas assets on stages “Identify” (Class 5 as per AACE) and “Define” (Class 4 as per AACE). Results of such work helps to better understanding of necessary automatization that which can speed up the evaluation process and increase an accuracy level of the estimates.
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Strategic Innovation in Hydrocarbon Exploration
Authors E. Lavrenova, A. Gorbunov, V. Kerimov and V. KosyanovSummaryExploration supplies 70–80% of economic value (EV) in the petroleum industry by means of acquiring geological information (GI), which diminishes risks and gains value by improving benefits, different types of decision-making processes, direct savings in terms of avoided costs, etc. 2D and 3D seismic data being the main source of GI at the early exploration need to be processed and interpreted, that is to say, transformed and incorporated into a geological model - basis of the Project evaluation. Despite the GI, obtained at the early exploration reduces key risks, still, there is significant potential for EV increasing. Conventional technologies and workflows are unable to provide such an improvement due to their crucial limitations. This work aims to demonstrate the possibility of strategic innovations in seismic interpretation for solving the above problems and improving the GI economic value.
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Technological Development to Enhance the Value of a Exploration Business Case
Authors A. Minich, Y. Berezovski, D. Metelkin, A. Timirgalin, G. Volkov and I. MukminovSummaryFor the tasks of geological and economic assessment the benchmarking method is widely used, which implies the assessment of the development of a field using methods and technologies that are the most applicable and successful at equivalent fields at the time of the assessment. Taking into account the speed of technological development for hard-to-recover reserves, in fact, the deposits are more likely not to be developed by the technologies and approaches that are laid in the assessment. Thus, the potential of some options is underestimated. In this paper an alternative approach is proposed, which implies a geological and economic assessment of options, taking into account the effectiveness of new technologies that are being introduced, which will become basic by the time the development of the estimated option begins. The performed calculations showed that the use of new technologies can increase the investment attractiveness of the option and get a rating of J#x003E; 1. This means that if there is an interesting project from the point of view of the reserves, it is possible to act as the customer for the development and drilling technology, which will provide a profitable case.
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Technological Advantages of a Generalized Layered Model in Seismic Data Processing and Interpretation
Authors K. Ovchinnikov, R. Anisimov and O. SilaenkovSummarySince seismic exploration studies layered environment where parameters change dramatically from layer to layer, and the properties within each individual layer are relatively unchanged, seismic data processing in the layered model concept seems completely natural. This description of the environment is often considered to be insufficiently general. This means only that it is necessary to expand the model of a single layer, which leads to a generalized layered model of the environment. Building of an environment model in such parameterization of the input data with such a description of the wave field gives a number of advantages, the main of which is the ability to obtain a stable, meaningful (from a geological point of view) solution even in very difficult seismic & geological conditions.
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Generalized Geological Model and Estimation of Hydrocarbon Bearing Prospects in the Northern Barents Sea
Authors G. Kazanin, S. Pavlov, A. Stupakova and S.Shkarubo ShkaruboSummaryThis paper considers the results of summarized integrated geophysical investigations that were carried out from 2006 to 2012. The investigations included common depth point (CDP) seismic reflection survey, over water gravity survey, and differential hydromagnetic exploration with a total work scope of 30 000 linear kilometers. The deep structural tectonic plan, the structural and lithofacies features of the sedimentary cover section on the basic reflecting boundaries, and the features of the seismic sequences and seismic sections on a depth scale have been studied, and geological oil-and-gas zoning of the Northern Barents shelf has been made. Seventy-nine local anticlinal highs have been revealed, and the zones with potential nonstructural hydrocarbon traps have been determined. Due to the lack of huge anticlinal highs in the northern Barents Sea region, nonstructural traps are of interest in studying and replacing the mineral raw material base of Russia, as well as for arranging marine exploration.
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Innovative Approaches to the Interpretation of Gravimagnetic Anomalies in the Study of Complex Objects of the Pre-Jurassic Complex
Authors A. Volkova, V. Merkulov, G. Grigoryev, A. Olyunin, V. Demin and M. TarakanovskySummaryThe paper demonstrates an innovative approach to the interpretation of gravitational and magnetic anomalies for the study of pre-Jurassic deposits. The model example (a detailed synthetic geological model that takes into account the geological and geophysical features of the objects under study) shows the expediency of conducting detailed gravimetric and magnetometric surveys in conjunction with seismic exploration, which allows to clarify the location of perspective areas for exploration and further development of the field.
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Improving the Efficiency of Area Exploration Projects Through the Preliminary Modeling Stage
Authors V. Gulin, G. Grigoriev and M. SalishchevSummaryThe article shows innovative approach to optimizing the process preparation of exploration projects, which based on modeling. The stage of preliminary modeling of the interest objects provides maximum efficiency of the entire cycle of exploration.
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The Study of the Deposits of the Tyumen Formation. Experience of Trial, Error and Achievement
Authors T. Kiryanova, O. Kirzeleva, M. Fedorova, R. Kopenkin, D. Klyazhnikov and A. KaluginSummaryTyumen series within the West Siberian Petroleum Province contain considerable oil resources (about 3 billion tons of the current recoverable reserves). Degree of their depletion is only 7%. Until recently, the reason for low interest in reservoir development was the frequent disconfirmation of geological models and drilling of numerous dry and marginal wells. Despite the considerable amount of accumulated information, including regional studies, and conclusions that in the vast territory the Tyumen series were formed in continental settings of alluvial plains and meandering channels, conceptual and three-dimensional digital models are still created with large assumptions/simplifications and do not reflect the complexity of pay zone structure. That is one of the reasons why the subsequent drilling does not confirm geological models. By the example of J2 reservoir, the work presents an experience of transition from simple to more complicated geological model as a result of reprocessing and integrated interpretation of geological and geophysical information.
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Optimization of Subsoil Licensing Programs
Authors M. Bagaeva and P. MelnikovSummaryBased on the analysis of the subsoil licensing program and its results in the North-West Federal District in the period from 2009 to 2018, ways were proposed to optimize the subsoil licensing programs by taking into account economic criteria at the stage of the formation of subsoil licensing programs and planning the timing of trading, taking into account the investment attractiveness of license areas.
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Polyzonal Adaptive of Processing Vibrogram as a Promising Way to Improve the Quality and Informativeness of Modern Seismic
Authors Y. Dolgikh, E. Kaygorodov and A. GlebovSummaryTo improve the quality and information content of the results of the use of high-performance vibro-seismic technologies, it is necessary to solve a number of problems related to the specifics of the use of high-performance technologies and the vibro-seismic method (increased noise, amplitude and frequency distortion, the presence of harmonics). Traditionally, these problems are solved by changing the parameters of the method of vibroseismic works in the direction of increasing the statistical effect of the interference excitation (reception) systems. An alternative way to improve the quality and informational content is the use of specialized techniques of processing vibrogram. Currently, due to the General level of scientific and technical development, the Preservation and processing of the original vibrogram is not a problem. At the same time, there is no integrative, complex technology of specialized vibrogram processing in order to improve the quality of the correlogram. Currently conducts research related to the development and testing of elements of said integrated technologies. In these studies, including the present report describes the first steps in the development of technology for special treatment of vibrogram.
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Effect of Tectonic Processes on the Oil and Gas Potential of Various Regions
Authors N. Nassonova and A. FischenkoSummaryA controversial issue is described related to the formation of shear fault zones which identified the most promising regions in the Aptian, Albian, Cenomanian, and other Upper Cretaceous sediments in West Siberia (WS). A hypothesis of piston-like filling of Samotlor Field with hydrocarbons is proposed. The cause of tilted oil-water contact in the area of Krasnoleninskoye Field is described.
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From Integration of Geosciences, Engineering and Economics towards Efficient Exploration Decisions
Authors M.K. Qureshi and D. SurovtsevSummaryIn this presentation we are looking at various components of efficient exploration decisions through the prism of integrated modelling. The starting point for our analysis is the exploration process triangle listing data and products that oil and gas explorers gather, create and evaluate to make an informed drilling decision. We argue that the term ‘integrated modelling in exploration’ all too often is understood in a rather narrow sense as “stratigraphic, structural and petroleum systems modeling”. Naturally such combined approach is a significant improvement versus a silo study as one may be surprised to find out how many companies equate exploration with seismic interpretation only. However, it only addresses about a half of the exploration process triangle components. The best practices in today’s industry drive to improve exploration efficiency call for a holistic risk, resource and value assessment of undiscovered petroleum resources, an integrated workflow that provides the necessary link between the outcomes of geomodelling work and the exploration portfolio management needs of corporate decision makers. The workflow relies on a proven suite of tools and methods that became de facto exploration industry standard. It enables to carry out 360-degree prospect ranking using modern Multiple-Criteria Decision Methods (MCDM).
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Scientific and Technical Development of Vertically Integrated Companies in the Transition to the Digital Economy and the 6th Technological Order
Authors V. Kuznetsov, S. Sanin and Y. DolgikhSummaryThe obvious development trend associated with the transition to the 6th technological mode is the digitalization of all spheres of activity, including economic. The introduction of digital technologies is characterized by rapid dynamics and causes a sharp acceleration of scientific and technological development. In the oil and gas industry, despite its traditional conservatism – digital technologies are very popular. Western oil and gas companies – the leaders who were able to recognize and “lead” this new technological and digital trend – are already fully enjoying the fruits of their competitive advantages. Therefore, domestic oil and gas companies interested in the rapid reduction of the backlog in scientific, technological and digital development, it is necessary in a short time to develop road maps of digitalization and introduction of new technologies in order to take over the best practices and secure a place in the leaders of the world’s digital oil and gas industries in the long term. Achieving such ambitious goals requires strategic forecasting and planning, as well as a systematic approach to managing scientific, technological and digital development. The report presents the basic principles of forecasting, planning and management based on the analysis and synthesis of information from open sources - in the context of scientific and technological development, digital transformation and the introduction of new technologies.
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New Petroleum Exploration Opportunities in the Pre-Ural Foredeep (the Republic of Bashkortostan)
Authors R. Bakirov, N. Amelchenko, V. Minkaev and I. YagfarovSummaryComprehensive analysis of a wide range of G&G data revealed most promising petroleum exploration opportunities within the Pre-Ural Foredeep of the Republic of Bashkortostan, best practices are recommended for generation of new drill-ready exploration prospects.
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Analysis of Opportunities for the Development of Independent Exploration Companies in Russia
By D. SazonenkoSummaryIn many countries of the world, small oil and gas companies are serious players in the exploration market, occupying a considerable share. In Russia, the role of independent exploration companies is rather small. The analysis of the factors that affect the ability of their success is performed in the paper. The main factors discussed are the legal status of the small exploration companies, government support, and exploration rights market maturity, funding, information and service availability.
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Considerations for Choosing the Parameters of the Technique and Quality Criteria of Seismograms in the Transition to High-Density High-Performance Surveys
Authors Y. Dolgikh and V. KuznetsovSummaryCurrently, in the practice of seismic studies there are trends leading to a revision of the existing system of quality control of the original seismograms:- implementation of high-performance full-azimuth 3D - systems of high density and multiplicity; - a radical increase in the number of receiving channels, the rejection of the grouping of receivers with a multiple decrease in the step between the receiving channels; - reduction of the absolute energy of a single impact with a compensatory increase in the number of impacts themselves; - relative reduction of the share of explosive seismic surveys in favor of surveys with vibration and pulse sources. The logic of the traditional approach is to select a signal against the background of noise (random, regular) with acceptable nonlinear distortions of the reflected wave spectrum. The logic of the new approach is to register the undistorted wave field of the signal and noise with the initial ratio of amplitudes, energy, spatial discreteness and multiplicity, providing the necessary quality of the useful signal in a wide frequency range at the processing stage. The substantiation of methodological parameters and criteria for assessing the quality of modern research is a non-trivial task, since it requires the preliminary identification of the most significant factors and the generalization of accumulated statistical data on the quality of the results obtained for specific conditions and traditional methodological schemes. The report presents some theoretical and empirical assumptions that allow using the idea of energy equivalence in the design of modern seismic studies
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A Fresh Look at 3D Seismic in a Brownfield Exploration Play
Authors H. Lauferts, I. Nizhegorodova and I. NovikovSummarySeismic inversion is a geophysical workflow that is routinely used by geoscientists in many basins around the world in Exploration & Production companies. The higher quality well logs (especially p- and s-wave sonic data) can be obtained for the inversion, the better the results. Oil and gas companies compile large rock property databases to aid inversion in exploration, when only few or no wells are available to support a new hydrocarbon play in an undrilled geological setting. The paper describes how seismic inversion was applied in brownfield exploration in the West Siberian Basin. Here, the operator tried to stop or better reverse the oil production decline.
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Initiation of New Projects and Partnerships for the Development of Russian Oil and Gas Resources
By D. MilyaevSummaryThe expansion of the mineral resource base of the company can occur both through the acquisition of new licenses, and by entering into existing projects through the creation of partnerships or the purchase of rights to use subsoil. This article discusses the investment opportunities of the oil and gas sector and the obstacles to their implementation, analyzes the reasons for the non-optimal behavior of companies during business development in Russia, and outlines the requirements for a systematic approach to the initiation of new projects.
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Reducing Exploration and Development Risk by Diffraction Imaging
By E. LandaSummaryWhile production from old and conventional fields on the decline, oil, and gas companies are looking into increasingly challenging areas—deep water, subsalt, and in unconventional carbonate reservoirs. Seismic images in these environments are often of reduced quality, and new innovative seismic technologies are needed to reduce risk in these settings. Fault and fracture identification is, probably the biggest challenge for the seismic in carbonate and unconventional reservoirs. A major challenge in carbonate environments is to map heterogeneities which have a strong impact on oil and gas production. In many carbonate reservoirs, matrix porosity contains the oil in place but the permeability is mainly provided by fracture corridors. In other reservoirs, the oil in place is found primarily in karstic caves. Even using the most advanced imaging and inversion techniques, it is extremely difficult to identify small faults and characterize the distribution of fractures. Well information can successfully locate faults and provide directional trends of fractures only near the wells. Unfortunately, the reliability of detection small and medium scale (less than the seismic wavelength) heterogeneities and possibility characterize their properties in conventional processing and imaging is generally low. Conventional imaging methods which are biased towards smooth continuous reflectors are intrinsically limited when confronting challenges in detection and delineation of these subsurface elements. Seismic migration treats reflection and diffraction differently (Khaidukov et al., 2004). While diffracted waves are focused to a diffraction point at depth, the wavefront of the extrapolated reflected wave is not focused but is tangent to the reflector. Focusing of the reflection would occur at the imaginary source point. In the migrated section, we see reflectors as an envelope of the secondary fictitious diffraction. As a consequence, interpretation of seismic images is of limited use for the characterization of subsurface singularities and discontinuities. In regular migration and inversion, scattered wavefronts from small scattering objects are usually masked by the stronger reflection energy and noise. Small-scale subsurface elements usually are not included in the estimated velocity model, and they may, therefore, be considered as defects or damaged regions of the velocity model. Information about structural discontinuities and small-scale subsurface elements is coded in diffracted waves, and they can be detected by diffraction imaging (Landa, 2012). Diffraction imaging aims to focus the diffraction energy into its origins, namely, into subsurface discontinuities and local heterogeneities which created the registered diffraction wavefield. The separation between reflective and diffractive components of the total wavefield is at the core of the diffraction imaging.
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Uncertainty Analysis of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Modeling in Exploration Context Based on Multivariate Computational Experiment
By A. DegterevSummaryThe same geological object can be modeled both in two-dimensional space and in three-dimensional one. Currently, both three-dimensional and two-dimensional modeling is carried out using specialized programs (often the same ones) and includes the same stages of import and raw data preparation, performing cross-well correlation, so the construction of a 2D model is just as laborious as a 3D one. In this situation, the issues of reliability of the models, how the model is similar to the studied object come to the fore. Two-dimensional geological modeling has a number of known limitations, not allowing taking into account the vertical heterogeneity of the simulated object, the vertical separation of reservoir layers and their communication in space, as well as data for wells located outside the saturation circuit. Three-dimensional modeling by introducing an additional dimension increases the complexity of the model and the number of uncertainty factors. Since the reliability of the created models significantly affects the rationality of investment decisions, the ratio of the contribution of uncertainty factors of two-dimensional and three-dimensional modeling requires careful study. This work offers one of the ways to solve this problem, based on the formulation of a series of multivariate computational experiments.
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Methodology of Stepwise Multi-Scale Stress Inversion for Predicting Fault Tectonics and Fracturing: Case Study for Pre-Jurassic Complex of Tomsk Region
Authors D. Konoshonkin, I. Churochkin, N. Konoshonkina, V. Belozerov and S. ZhigulskiySummaryAccording to the ideas about the formation and preservation of oil and gas reserves in the pre-Jurassic complex (PJC) of the Tomsk region, the exploration of oil and gas fields in the PJC requires an understanding of fault tectonics and the development of fracturing in rocks. Tectonics can be considered at different scales: regional scale – fault length of 100–1000 km; local scale – faults comparable to the size of the fields, and denoted by 3D seismic; point scale – fractures defined by borehole microimagers. All these categories of tectonics are examples of discontinuities of rocks caused by the reaction of rocks to the loads (stresses). In accordance with the theoretical and practical ideas of geomechanics, knowledge of the stress state at different stages of geological history allows one to describe the presence and nature of fault tectonics, i.e. anticipating the orientation of fractures and cracks, as well as assess their hydrodynamic activity (permeability) in different periods of geological time. The paper proposes an approach for prediction of tectonics at local (field) scale and point (well) scale based on the available data on regional faults, local faults (in a limited area) and fractures defined in several wells.
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Virtual Laboratory - the Interaction Tool for Geologists and Laboratory Staff
Authors K. Chirkunov and I. KarpovSummaryIn recent years we see how digital platforms have been creating and spreading in completely different sectors of the business: from the taxi services to the pharmaceuticals and the computing resources sharing. The platforms success is associated with an innovative form of an interaction between service providers and consumers that significantly reduces the overhead costs of transactions, speeds up the exchange of an information and as a result allows a consumer to get a proper quality service faster. In our work we discribe the creation of the Virtual Laboratory platform, a platform for customers and reseachers, who deal with core material and oil fluid researches. We show, despite the fact that the georesearch services market is complex in terms of task specs and pricing, the concept of Virtual Laboratory in the oil and gas industry has all chances to be ubiquitous. In the main part we describe the implemented functions of the product (the builder of complex proposals, the translation from the language of geologists to the language of laboratory staff) and how we have come to it. At the end the economic effect is described from the perspective of consumers and researchers.
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Uncertainty Management in A Fast-Paced Exploration to Production Environment
Authors V. Tveritina, I. Nizhegorodova and T. McCormick-CoxSummaryAfter a successful hydrocarbon discovery, the first and most commonly asked question refers to the size of the discovered prize: ‘how much is it?’ In as much as this is a straightforward question, it is also the most difficult to answer correctly, especially with the pressures to put the discovery on production as soon as possible. Furthermore, if dependent on the range of volumetric and connectivity outcomes, multiple development options need to be considered. These development options in turn will have an impact on the profitability of the project and may result in the difference between a commercially attractive project and a financial disaster.
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Accelerated Hydrocarbon Maturation: a Workflow
Authors A. Popov, I. Edelman, T. McCormic and H. LaufertsSummaryRapid subsurface analyses using seismic, core and well log data were used to produce calibrated seismic inversion products. Combined top quartile drilling of extended-reach and all-season wells enabled Salym Petroleum Development to dramatically increase its resource base in the last three years. While many prospects for further expansion were generated at a variety of stratigraphic levels, the expansion proved possible despite limited access to inorganic growth areas. At present, the hydrocarbon maturation funnel is filled at approximately 90 Mbbl/yr as a direct result of multi-disciplinary effort stretching from regional exploration geoscience to targeted and coordinated infrastructure construction.
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Joint Impedance and Facies Inversion as a Way to More Accurate Prediction of Reservoir Properties
Authors I. Yakovlev, F. Zeleznyak, A. Davydov and V. OgibeninSummaryWe discuss an alternative method of simultaneous deterministic inversion introduced a few years ago. Unlike conventional model-based inversion algorithms, it incorporates a separate background model for each facies type in the form of low frequency depth trends of elastic properties, and inverts directly for facies along with the usual set of P- and S-impedances and density. This allows to overcome some of the well-known limitations of the deterministic inversions which further leads to more accurate quantitative interpretation of reservoir properties between wells across the area.
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An Experience of Pore Pressure Prediction Based on Seismic Data
Authors E. Shubina, F. Zeleznyak, A. Davydov and V. OgibeninSummaryResearch of deep hydrocarbon potential is an actual purpose now, which is often connected with the overpressures. Nowadays many deep fields were opened in different regions: from Mexican bay to the North seas. On the other hand, there are a lot of dangerous situations during drilling every year. These situations vary by degree of consequences and can cost many financial and ecological expenses. However, overpressures are not only technical risks, they also have geological risks. This article represents how connection of pressure and seismic velocity can lead to mistakes in structural geological maps. So this distortion causes wrong estimation of layers depth, incorrect estimation of resources and objects selection. Nevertheless, pore pressure prediction can minimize all these indeterminacies and get a correct structural map with the correct resource estimation.
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Hydrocarbon Potential of the Balkan Thrust Systems
Authors I. Dulich, G. Bogicevic and V. GajicSummaryIn the Central and Eastern Europe, huge quantities of oil and gas, generated from Mesozoic and Paleogene formations, are found under the Alps and Carpathian systems. On the South, very successful exploration results in the thrust system of Hellenides belt of Albania, indicate that the deposits of oil and gas also occur at Balkan Peninsula thrust system. In the last few years, after positive exploration results on the Shpiragu structure in Albania, NIS Gazpromneft has changed petroleum exploration focus to the area of Eastern Herzegovina, in southern part of Bosnia & Herzegovina. Based on seismic-geological interpretation of 2D seismic sections, three regional composite geological sections were constructed, structurally reconstructed and finally modeled from petroleum system point of view. Thrusting model proves (based on 2D petroleum system models) that, even in low heat flow areas, we can expect mature source rocks in the exploration area, where oil window is located at depth below 6000 m.
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Spiral Model of Asset Development on the Example of Green Field Idjosh, Pannonian Basin, Serbia
Authors M. Pilipenko, E. Milei and M. KuznetsovSummaryDue to the long history of exploration and development of the Pannonian basin, the exploration area is reduced to small deposits and satellite fields. Initial geological uncertainties are high and entail financial risks. In this case, the traditionally applicable cascade model organization of the deposit studying process is ineffective. A spiral model of asset exploration and development has been applied to the new Serbian field, similar to the Barry Boehm model for creating software. A distinctive feature of this approach is special attention to the risks affecting decision making and the iterative process of project development. This methodology allowed us to solve the important problem - to put the field into operation simultaneously with its additional study, adequate understanding of risks and a plan to reduce them. The essence of the approach is that when obtaining actual data after drilling, geologists, petrophysicists and reservoir engineers work with the field in 4 main areas - identifying risks, modeling and assessing reserves, planning activities and implementing them. The structure of each subsequent phase, repeats the previous one, while taking into account the experience and developments of the previous stages, which allows us to develop the concept, modify the model and remove uncertainties.
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Finding Optimal Survey System for 3D Seismic Aimed to Study Prespectives of Pre-Jurassic Sequence Potential in Tomsk Region
Authors E. Voronovicheva, D. Litvichenko, D. Medvedev, Y. Pavlovsky, M. Tarakanovskii and A. ShevchenkoSummaryPaper summarises application of direct seismic modeling based om real geological models decsribing whole depth interval. Project is aimed to optimise planned seismic surways focused on perspective pre jurastic deposits of Tomsk region.
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Weak and Large Collector (Based on the Examples of the Eastern Siberia Carbonate Reservoirs)
Authors V. Kolesov and S. Ter-SaakovSummaryAccording to the materials that have been publishing recently the main prospecting indicators of the improved filtration-volumetric characteristics zones of Irkutsk region carbonate reservoirs are crystal base ledges. In the paper there is considered the example of reservoir presence without crystal base ledges, which arrouses business interest while the horizontal boreholes drilling.
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Machine Learning and Learning from Machines
Authors A. Kozhenkov, E.Z. Naeini and K. PrindleSummaryDeep learning has demonstrated tremendous success in a variety of application domains in the past few years, and with some new modalities of applications it continues to open new opportunities. We see applications of machine learning in our daily lives, stretching from familiar applications such as spam filters dating back to the 1990s to more advanced cases such as self-driving cars and the automation of medical imaging and diagnoses. It is not the intention of the authors to explain all these algorithms in detail here. Instead, the focus is on demonstrating an application of machine learning and the possibility of learning from machines in typical geoscience applications. In this example, we will demonstrate learnings from use cases such as facies classification, petrophysical log prediction, and fault interpretation. These applications are essential parts of various geoscience workflows, and although not too complex in theory, the machine learning approaches can certainly save time (and therefore money). While there is a lot of enthusiasm in implementing machine learning for various geoscience applications, there is also skepticism of “black box” applications and how to quality control (QC) the outcomes. There are various QC measures in data science that are implemented routinely. One robust approach is cross validation, which is mostly known by geoscientists as blind well QC for well-based applications. It is discussed here that such approaches can lead to the concept of “machine learning and learning from machines.” This concept is shown in the use cases mentioned earlier. The examples shown are selected so that the concept behind this paper can be demonstrated.
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Field Expedition Trips for Solving Tasks of Oil and Gas Exploration in XXI Century
Authors S. Astakhov and A. KhardikovSummaryIn the XIX-XX centuries, it was impossible to imagine the oil and gas exploration in the pre-war period without field geological expeditions. In the second half of the XX century, the hammer as an instrument of obtaining new geological data was replaced by geophysical equipment. However, over the past 10 years there has been a tendency to renew the field study of target formations in outcrops. In this regard, the upstream companies organize long geological expeditions in the areas of exploration, both in the onshore and offshore projects (on adjacent land outcrops) for a period of 2 weeks to 2 months with the participation of their own and invited specialists. This is due to: A) The development and implementation of new laboratory methods of rock testing. Application of these methods requires the collection of new samples; B) The periodical appearance of new surface oil and gas seepages in regions with active seismicity and tectonic movements; C) The need to use the data of the structure and stratigraphy of target formations in outcrops with seismostratigraphic models to simplify seismic interpretation.
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Riphean Capacity that Was Lost for Decades (Based on the Examples of the Eastern Siberia Carbonate Reservoirs)
Authors V. Kolesov, V. Tcheverda and D. PetrovSummaryUpon examining the wells core material of the involved section except for the fractures in the Riphean geological section there were also found cavernous intervals and dissolved cavities. We have succeeded in describing the analysis of the core X-ray tomogram data as a statistical model.There has been performed the mathematical modelling of the seismic wave field behaviour for the cavernous layer. There has been also discovered the theoretical possibility of the such layers extraction in the seismic data. The theoretical calculations have been approbated on the real data. There has been showed the potential of the seismic data usage for the thin and high-capacity cavernous interbeds extraction.
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Seismic Facies Classification, from Basin to Prospects, from Visualization to Value
Authors S. Mann, J. Ostrikoff and A. KayesSummarySeismic facies classification can be achieved from a variety of seismic attributes. These can be applied to the whole petroleum evaluation workflow, from basin understanding to play evaluation and from lead identification to prospect definition. Attributes may be derived from 2D, 3D or multi-dimensional data depending on the input dataset. Initially, the interpretation will be qualitative, but with well calibration and benchmarking the interpretation becomes more quantitative.
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Basin Modelling, Essential Exploration and Life Cycle Tool
Authors H. Bosscher, Q. Clevis, R. Nourse and A. MayfieldSummaryShell has been developing and using basin modeling software since the 1980’s. Initially very much as an exploration tool. Over the years simple 1D burial history analysis has evolved to 4D basin evolution simulations. Not only to help exploration in predicting hydrocarbon occurrences but also to help evaluate subsurface pressure and seismic velocities, pressure and temperature for well planning, predict reservoirs properties for development geologists and underpin assessments of risking for contaminants like H2S.
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Best Practices in Petroleum Exploration – Assessment of Yet-to-Find (YTF) Petroleum Resources
Authors B. Wygrala and C.D. NormanSummaryAssessments of Yet-to-Find (YTF) or undiscovered oil and gas resources are usually performed by Government Agencies such as Regulatory Authorities and National Oil Companies. A structured approach that follows industry standard best practices is an essential requirement. Basins are subdivided into plays and then into Assessment Units (AUs) and the key geologic risks are then assessed in each AU. YTF resource assessments are not only essential for Government Agencies, but for every E&P company engaged in exploration. The reason is that the assessments are based on in-depth geological knowledge and risk analyses not only of the prospects but also of the plays and basins in which they are located. As prospect risks are always a combination of regional (play) and local (prospect) risks, these factors are an essential requirement for prospect risking and ranking and therefore also for effective exploration portfolio management. In this paper, the authors provide a general introduction to the YTF methodology based on industry standard best practices, and use an example of a national YTF resource assessment project of an entire country to illustrate the practical application of the process as well as its results and benefits.
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Perspective Areas for Growth of the Oil Resources on the Territory of the Leno-Tunguska Petroleum Province
Authors M. Maslennikov, P. Sobolev, A. Vymyatnin and D. LezhninSummaryLeno-Tunguska petroleum province is located in Eastern Siberia. The province is characterized by high prospects for the growth of the oil resources and the search for new oil fields on-shore of Russian Federation. The area size of perspective land is more than 3 million square kilometer. Today only 20% of these territories refer to distributed subsoil fund. Therefore the area size of the unallocated fund is over 2,6 million square kilometers. This paper research the most promising areas to increase the resource base and search for new deposits in the territory unallocated subsoil fund of Leno-Tunguska petroleum province.
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AI-Aided Core Analysis: Faster and Cheaper SCAL Studies
Authors A. Erofeev, D. Orlov and D. KoroteevSummaryThe main aim of this work is to study the applicability of Machine Learning (ML) techniques for prediction of rock properties, which are commonly defined via special core analysis (SCAL). The mechanism of SCAL prediction on the basis of routine core analysis (RCA) was developed and validated. The possibility of application of ML methods for estimation of some rock characteristics was demonstrated. The comparative analysis of different ML techniques was provided to choose the most stable and accurate forecast methods. It was shown that Gradient Boosting algorithm and Artificial Neural Network allow to create the most robust and accurate models for considered rock properties.
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Use of Full-Waveform Modeling for Detection of the Pre-Jurassic Objects by Seismic Methods
SummaryWe present a methodology of full-waveform numerical modeling of wide-azimuth seismic data to detect pre-Jurassic objects. Simulated data was investigated using number of the QC procedure, including attributes construction, correlation of the model with the time stacks. According to the QC analysis the simulated data is of a high quality and can be used for processing and geological interpretation for detection of the pre-Jurassic objects.
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Machine Vision Methods in the Application for Core Image Segmentation
Authors E. Baraboshkin, L. Ismailova, D. Orlov and D. KoroteevSummaryThe computational power of the reservoir modelling is growing nowadays enabling the use of more precise core descriptions. The industry needs high accuracy models for precise reserves estimation. As a way to improve that, different authors proposed semiautomatic image segmentation algorithms based on color spaces approaches. The segmentation algorithms are common in machine vision as most images consist of semantically different parts. This paper focuses on the review and application of different machine vision algorithms for semi-supervised segmentation of full core images based on superpixel approach. Such an approach takes into account pixel groups with their semantic (texture, intensities, etc.) meaning. The reviewed algorithms can contribute to the precise description of rocks at different scales. The automatic way to segment lithotypes and other characteristics of rock introduced. U-Net like convolutional neural network fine-tuned on a small dataset may produce meaningful results.
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Ultra High Trace Density Seismic Acquisition for Petroleum Exploration in Artic Regions
Authors P.A. Munoz, J. Uribe, N. Sanabria and G. OcampoSummarySeismic acquisition for Petroleum Exploration in Artic regions is usually restricted to the winter season. Conventional seismic methods require that the survey area and acquisition parameters are constrained to match the narrow time frame. The quality of seismic image and reliability of predicted amplitude anomalies of shallow targets is restricted by the smaller trace contribution at shorter times in the seismic gathers. Exploration of shallow targets requires very densely sampled surveys by reducing line spacings and point intervals. Our recent experience in Kuukpik 3D Alaska (USA) demonstrates that ultra-high source density supported by unconstrained simultaneous sources overcomes the limitations of conventional seismic acquisition in Artic regions.
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Thin Section Photos Processing with Neural Networks
Authors S. Polushkin, Y. Volokitin, I. Edelman, E. Sadikhov, Y. Murzaev, O. Lokhanova and S. BudennyySummaryNeural network designed for cardiovascular diagnostics was trained to identify grains on thin section photos. About 150 thin section photos were processed. The result contains grains size and shape, mineralogical composition and pores size. This information is critical at all stages of field development from rock properties and petrophysical modelling to proper selection of drilling mud and well kill fluids.
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Value of Information Assessment Methods Evolution as a Response to Technological and Organizational Challenges
Authors V. Demo, R. Kim, A. Sizykh, E. Bogdanovich and G. GrigorevSummaryThe definition of value of information has been used since 60th. By this time there has been developed some new methods, that influenced on the way of uncertainty reduction. The main idea has not changed. Value of information is a difference between expected monetary value with and without information. Challenges in exploration, that took place last decades, make an important part in methods development. For example, it is new approaches in uncertainties evaluation by application of technologies improvement.
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Technological Limit of Exploration Well as a Tool to Improve the Efficiency of Exploration Processes
By O. KalininSummaryThe introduction of the principle of technological limit in the construction process of an exploration well reduces the duration to 60% and the cost to 20% through the introduction of technological, organizational and digital initiatives.
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Unmanned Vehicles in the Exploration Proccess
Authors G. Grigorev, I. Karpov and N. SivoySummaryToday, breakthrough solutions are formed at the intersection of two or more scientific and/or engineering areas, this project is a good confirmation of this. Today, the integration of unmanned aerial vehicle technologies with the methods of area geophysical surveys is a breakthrough solution aimed at the development of a functional family of non-seismic search methods. The tests made it possible to confirm a set of hypotheses, to clarify a set of methodological subtleties and to form a further vector of development of the project
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Advantages of the Use of Drones in a Complex Onshore Seismic Project in Greece
Authors A. Islamov, I. Garcia, G. Ocampo and D. LaraSummaryThe use of drones in a challenging onshore 2D seismic campaign in Greece has been proved to be a valuable tool to solve multiple problems both during the planning and execution stages of the project. The applicability of drones include the aerial inspection with generation of digital elevation models, detection of obstacles in the field even before commencement of operations, seismic planning in UXO (Unexploded Ordnance) sensitive areas that requires special attention, the search of access roads for efficient logistics, the receiver points and shot holes planning and the calculation of compensation to landowners and estimation of reforestation, among others.
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Development and Implementation of New Exploration Tehnologies of PJSC «Gazprom Neft»
Authors A. Vashkevich and A. BochkovSummaryOne of the most important parts of a successful O&G exploration process is the application of new and improvement of existing technologies aimed at fast, high-quality and cost-effective obtaining of geological and geophysical information. In this regard, Gazprom Neft updated the exploration technological strategy until 2022. Work in accordance with strategy and focus on the development of technologies in O&G exploration has made it possible in recent years to achieve significant success in Company’s exploration effectiveness.
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Innovations and Technologies - the Drivers for Economical Efficiency of Exploration
By D. BolotnikSummaryOil companies do invest into exploration not to discover new fields as such but to find economically efficient resources which would extend profitable life of existing or even create new profitable production units. In this context exploration becomes part of investment process where value from potential development project stands behind seismic and drilling costs. The talk discusses some of the technological developments which can boost efficiency of Exploration in this context by:• Helping companies to concentrate on most valuable projects using multi realization modeling and decision trees.• Getting more information from exploration and appraisal wells due to integration of all available data and use of advanced interpretation technologies. •
Reducing time and cost of operations • Transferring information from exploration/appraisal stages to the development stage in aim to
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Data Driven Exploration Planning as Multi-Objective Problem Solving Based on Geological and Geophysical Information
Authors P. Mostovoy, V. Fagereva, N. Taratin and I. SafarovSummaryIn the article the process of integration all the available geological and geophysical data in a decision making of exploration and assessment well drilling is considered as a multi-objective problem solving.
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Cognitive Technologies for Geology Exploration
Authors Z. Filippova, A. Bochkov and R. Abreu de PaulaSummaryAnalysis and interpretation of geological data for decision making at the exploration stage is one of the most difficult and important tasks for the O&G industry. At this stage, experts aim at maximizing the understanding of the value of an asset, while dealing with high levels of uncertainty. IT solutions based on classical mathematical algorithms are not able to support such complex operations, for they require well-defined and structured data-process models. The new generation of technological systems capable of continuous analysis and cognition of the surrounding world are better fit to cope with such tasks. A Joint research project between Gazprom-Neft and IBM Research has shown evidence that cognitive technologies have the potential for application in geology exploration. The global goal is to support all professionals involved in the process of geological data analysis so that they can make more efficient and informed decisions by automating the routine tasks and reducing the number of unnecessary cycles, iterations. The results at the current stage corroborate the value of introducing cognitive technologies not only for solving linear problems of processing and interpreting geological data, but they will form the basis for the transformation of standard approaches throughout the geological exploration cycle.
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Investigation of the Hard-to-Recover Green Field as a Key to Development Optimization
Authors Y. Golovatskiy, I. Ishimov, T. Kryuchkova, D. Sleptsov, N. Parshin and N. MezhnovaSummaryA case study of investigation of the hard-to-recover tight green field in West Siberia is presented in the paper. The objective of the test was direct measurement of stresses in the target oil-bearing formation as well as in layers above and below, subsequently, obtained data were used to revise the model of hydraulic fracturing for multi-stage horizontal fracturing applications. The motivation to check the model was driven by high water cuts in new horizontal wells drilled at a lower depth. According to the revised geomechanical model, the stress profile in the field is not common for West Siberia, having very low stress contrast between the producing layer and shale layers above. Fractures exhibited excess height growth that could not be identified by common methods of analysis. Therefore, a primary source of water production was identified to be the layer above the producing formation (50–70 m above). The pilot horizontal wells with multi-stage fracturing according to the revised fracture technology application were positive: water cut remained below 15%. This results helps to optimize the development strategy of the field and to improve economic viability.
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Complex Risking
By O. KlarnerSummaryComplex risking can be conducted on project and on company level. On project level, the risk matrix, containing classifying parameters like NPV, IRR, exportability, specific costs, geological risks, and hydrocarbon volumes, combines different aspects of a project. Each parameter is being quantified and the assessment of the overall strategic and/or financial value of this project can be determined and compared with others. On company level, a similar matrix can be applied, but several projects are being valued in line with company related factors like deal structure, operatorship, commercial and political competitiveness. Materiality, values and risks of each project also play their role. On this level, the assessment of the overall strategic fit of a project is being looked at more from a management point of view, rather than from a technical one. As a result, strengths and weaknesses of each assessed project are clearly demonstrated, which provides a solid basis for decision making and budget allocation.
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Matrix of Individual Approach to the Geological and Technical Exploration while Wildcats Drilling
Authors A. Kushnikov, M. Podberezhnyy and I. SafarovSummaryThe approach (Mudlogging / LWD matrix) is proposed, that allows you to select an effective complex of services to solve a specific exploration drilling problem taking into account the geological features, the geomechanical properties of rocks, the types of drilling fluids and the technological aspects of well construction
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Express Analysis of Oil and Gas Assets
By O. KlarnerSummaryInvestors often must make fast decisions on investments. There is no time and money for comprehensive in-depth studies of an oil or gas field. We present an approach of evaluating assets from geology to economics within 4 to 6 weeks which enables quick decision making. It also provides a competitive advantage in a challenging environment. We will demonstrate our workflow and elaborate on the respective stages in order to accomplish such a complex task. The validation of presented reserves of a field is in important item, but aspects like license status, ownership, history of the block are not less of importance. The analysis of non-technical parameters contributes to a holistic reflection of the asset and puts the investor into a comfortable position by understanding the complete value chain. The workflow can be applied for exploration and production assets regardless of their geography or deal structure.
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The Influence of the Geophysical Methods and Well-Logs Ambiguity on the Geological Model of Oil and Gas Uncertainty
Authors I. Buddo, I. Shelokhov, A. Smirnov, V. Emelyanov, N. Misyurkeeva and I.Gorlov GorlovSummaryEstimation of the structural model uncertainty, capacitive parameters and the position of fluid contact of oil and gas fields at the reconnaissance and exploration stage is one of the priority problems. The problem is especially acute in the block structure of the field, as well as in the absence or lack of drilling materials and well-logs. In this instance, the joint interpretation of the ground geophysical studies - seismic and electrical exploration -allows to predict the position of fluid contact, minimize the “white spots” of capacitive characteristics and optimize exploration and well drilling. At the same time, each data set contains errors; therefore, it is extremely important to estimate uncertainties and possible errors of geological models. The task of the study is a probabilistic assessment of reserves of the target reservoir horizon of one of the Eastern Siberia fields based on the results of stochastic modeling, taking into account the uncertainties of the key elements of the model.
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Modern Approaches to Geological and Geophysical Data Integration to Optimize Expenses at the Exploration and Development Stages of Hydrocarbon Fields
Authors A. Smirnov, I. Buddo, I. Shelokhov, Y. Agafonov, A. Vakhromeev, N. Misyurkeeva and I. GorlovSummaryAt the exploration stage of oil and gas fields it is extremely important to correctly choose the geological and geophysical materials integration approach. Each data set contains errors; therefore, it is necessary to estimate uncertainties and possible errors of geological models. The use of an effective geological exploration complex -seismic and 3D electromagnetic prospecting, shallow electromagnetic prospecting sTEM - allows to create the most reliable and consistent model of the section in the depth range from the first meters to the basement surface. The use of an optimal set of exploration methods allows reducing costs at the stages of exploration and development of hydrocarbon deposits by minimizing the percentage of dry drilling, solving water supply issues (reservoir pressure maintenance systems), etc.
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Successful Applications of Joint Seismic and EM Exploration in Eastern and Western Siberia
Authors O. Tokareva, Y. Agafonov, I. Buddo and A. IlyinSummaryPresently there is a rich experience in the 3D seismic and EM exploration application in geological settings of Eastern and Western Siberia. The problems of the upper part of the section structure mapping, the aquifers investigation, the capacitive properties and the type of saturation of productive layers prediction are solved. Additionally, the technology of electromagnetic exploration has been tested and introduced into production for the geological settings of drilling prediction and water front movement appraisal. Examples of geological problems solving with the TEM electromagnetic soundings application are given. Depending on the studied depth intervals, the solved geological problems are divided into 3 groups – the upper part to 500 m, the middle part of the section 500–2000 m, the depth interval to which the main productive horizons are confined – 2000–4000 m.
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Regional Model as an Instrument for Exploration and Analysis of Prospective HC Traps in West Siberian Achimov Formation
Authors N. Parfenov, A.A. Timirgalin, M.G. Butorina, N.O. Novikov, G.V. Volkov and I.R. MukmimovSummaryVarious data of different scales were combined in regional model of Achimov formation to mark prospective options for business. Integrated model included quality and quantity of hydrocarbon resources, exploration degree and risks (geological, technological and economic). The result is a business tool for prospective regions search and appraisal to recover and increase company resources.
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Benefits of Drilling Horizontal Exploration Wells for Regions with a Complex Geological Structure
Authors V. Bakhurskiy and V. VorobyevSummaryThe report discusses the benefits of drilling horizontal wells in order to relieve geological uncertainties during oil and gas exploration. The application of the approach significantly increases the informativity in the drilling area, allows you to assess the main geological parameters of the reservoir and their variability in the section, reduce uncertainties on the productivity of horizontal wells, which are increasingly chosen by oil and gas companies for hydrocarbon production, as well as reduce the time between the exploration and production at capital costs commensurate with classical exploration wells.
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Geomechanics is Tool Used to Increase Efficiency of Extended-Reach Drilling
Authors R. Mukhamadiev, S. Gabitov and D. AlchibaevSummaryToday Extended-Reach Drilling (ERD) wells are widely used because of complex geology. Troubles in ERD can cause big expenses and affect whole project economy. That is why it is crucial to predict and prevent troubles in drilling. Real cases show how cross-functional interaction and geomechanical modeling contribute reduction of non-productive time. Today geomechanical modeling is used as a tool to collect and conform broad spectrum of data. Getting geomechanical modeling in perspective will increase drilling efficiency further.
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Review and New Trends of the Geological Survey Across High Priority Oil and Gas Prospective Zones in Russian Federation
Authors P. Melnikov, A. Varlamov, M. Skvortsov, F. Migurskiy and M. PodberezhnyySummaryReview and new trends of the geological survey across high priority oil and gas prospective zones in Russian Federation are to be discussed
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A New Stage of HSE Solutions for Exploration Projects
Authors P. Didenko, A. Sukhodolov, V. Shaikhov and P. YadryshnikovSummaryExploration is a business that has the greatest uncertainty and, therefore, high risks, including in the field of industrial safety. The focus on industrial safety today is often formed at the stage of confirming the profitability of those cases when decisions are made to put deposits into commercial operation. For a common solution, there are a number of problems. GPN-GEO is ready to share its experience in the field of industrial safety.
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Core Competencies of Oil&Gas Exploration Company
By M. VlasovSummaryThe Oil&Gas industry today is commoditized and de-consolidated in terms of the value chain. Most of the field works are executed not by the Oil&Gas companies themselves, but by their contractors, which means that technological development is concentrated in the arms of these contractors. The situation in Oil&Gas exploration sector is the most challenging, as there are almost no “easy” resources left to discover. This puts the pressure on the exploration sector to effectively find the resources commercially feasible for further production. As a result, Oil&Gas Exploration Companies shall concentrate their efforts around their internal capabilities
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Modern Approaches to Field Development Design at Appraisal and Exploration Stages
Authors D. Lachugin and D. ShigapovaSummaryВ настоящей работе изложен вопрос детального моделирования дизайна исследований для обеспечения оптимизации плана оценки и ЕWТ*/опытно-промышленных работ (ОПР) и повышения ценности и достоверности получаемой информации. Отметим, что подробно рассмотрены планирование и дизайн гидродинамических исследований горизонтальных скважин, как один из наиболее важных источников информации о пласте в условиях ограниченности времени и/или отборов с исследуемого пласта. Приведены рекомендации по моделированию гидродинамических исследований скважин на геолого-гидродинамической модели для учета трехмерной неоднородности пласта.
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Development of a Business Case of the Perspective Project on the Shelf at the Stage «Search»
Authors I. Evstafiev and I. DolinskiySummaryLLC Gazprom Neft Shelf in February 2019 obtained the new license for the subsoil plot of federal importance located in the water area of Gulf of Ob of the Kara Sea. This event was preceded by the geological and economic assessment which is carried out in the Company which basic provisions are presented in the present report. The report reveals features of the geological and economic estimates which are carried out for sea objects in comparison with estimates of objects on the land. On the example of the specified site, the main stages of the creation of a business case of a perspective search object on shelf are considered.
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An Approach for Creation an Optimal Exploration Program in Prospective Areas using GCoS Assessment Factors
Authors A. Granovskii, V. Vorobyev and I. SafarovSummaryIn this paper, we consider one of the possible approaches to find the most effective in terms of economics and geological uncertainties at the stage of geological exploration. The approach allows to determine the most economical effective geological exploration program
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The First Implementation of the Russian 3D Seismic Complex with OBN «CRAB» on Offshore Exploration Project
Authors I. Evstafiev, I. Antonov, S. Bazilevich, M. Ivanov, E. Muratov and I. DolotkazinSummaryThe article discusses the relevance of import substitution strategy, aimed at achievement of technology independence for the Russian oil and gas industry in terms of marine seismic equipment.
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Fast Exploration. Acceleration of Exploration Phase Due to a More Aggressive and More Risky Exploration Program
Authors D. Khakimov, F. Bikbaev and R. UkurovSummaryExploration phase in an average acreage in Russia usually takes 5–7 years, and usually includes creating detailed exploration program approved by government regulators, 2D or 3D seismic surveys, exploration drilling. The duration of exploration work is associated with the need to perform work consistently, with the gradual removal of geological uncertainties with minimal risks and investments. This approach provides more flexibility to change the exploration program in case of new information at any step, which helps to avoid design errors and drilling of “dry” wells. On the other hand, “slowness” in exploration greatly reduce project economy and even can lead to a negative NPV and EMV. Accelerating the exploration program for one-year increase EMV value to 10%, and give additional value from 200 million rubles to 2 billion rubles depending on the project. This effect achieved by involving into production one year earlier resulting earlier positive cash flow. To assess the economic effect, the authors selected a typical license block located in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District. Economical calculation showed that exploration phase period could be reduced from 6 to 3 years without losing any geological information and EMV increasing 1.5 times.
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Future of Exploration: Personnel, Technologies, Business Processes
Authors V. Shashel, A. Sizykh and V. ZhukovSummaryExploration is at the forefront of any vertically integrated oil company. By means of geological exploration, the portfolio of production projects is replenished, preserving and enhancing the continuity of the “conveyor” of field development. In the modern world, geological exploration faces new challenges - the search for complex structures, further exploration of the marginal zones of already discovered deposits, the study of deep-lying and unconventional objects. We must effectively address all these challenges in the face of great volatility in oil prices, a growing demand for qualified personnel, and limited by market sanctions. The report will discuss the role of Functions in solving the challenges and challenges posed by the Business Environment.
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Sampling of the Downhole Samples of Reservoir Oil at Non-Transfusing Oil Inflow into the Well
Authors E. Tikhomirov and A. LukashovSummaryThe aim of bottomhole sampling is to obtain a small volume of fluid, which is identical to the reservoir oil at initial reservoir conditions. The results of study of reservoir oil PVT (abbreviation from Pressure, Volume, Temperature) properties made in the laboratory can then reasonably be applied to identify phase behavior and properties of reservoir fluids under reservoir conditions. Knowledge of PVT properties of reservoir oil is necessary to estimate of oil capacity, designing of reservoir development and its economic viability. PVT properties of reservoir oil are estimated from: - the study of subsurface oil samples; - the study of recombined samples from the test separator; - mathematical simulation using equation-of-state and empirical correlations. Representative samples of the reservoir oil can be collected mainly by subsurface sampling. In cases of extremely tight (low permeable) reservoirs it may be virtually impossible to get sufficient flow rate to lift the liquids without excessive pressure draw-down and corresponding degassing of reservoir oil at bottomhole conditions. This article deals with on technical and technological solution of subsurface oil sampling when an oil not flow to surface. The use of such a method will help to solve the problem of reliable identification of the reservoir oil properties at reservoir conditions.
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Machine Learning for Facies analysis of Achimov Deposits on the Example of the One Field in the Priobskaya Megazone
Authors A. Meshcheryakova, A. Sevostyanov, E. Makarevich, A. Minich, A. Timirgalin and A. KondratevSummaryThe Achimov formation is an extremely complex and heterogeneous object both in plan and in section. Its deposits are a potential source of replenishment of the resource base and maintenance of production.
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Innovative Technology Solutions by Seismic Exploration
Authors R. Kamaltdinov and I. ShevchenkoSummaryDigital radio stations for monitoring of technological processes by seismic exploration;”black boxes” -monitoring system for drilling rigs and cross-country vehicles; “clever helmit” - system for risk reduction by dangerous works
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Overcoming Imaging Challenges in Today’s Market
Authors L. Nasipov and D. NikolenkoSummarySeismic data have a key role to play in exploration and field development, enabling reservoir delineation and characterization as well as reducing drilling risks. We discuss recent seismic technology developments and show how they have provided new insights into subsurface geology, reservoir properties, and drilling hazards. One of the most significant advances in recent years has been in earth model building and imaging and has been driven by a combination of new algorithms such as full-waveform inversion (FWI) and sophisticated imaging techniques, and an increase in experience and wide-spread usage of those technologies, which can significantly improve interpretation for both newly acquired data and heritage conventional data. We show examples of seismic data processed with the latest technology, including earth model building with FWI compensation of variable illumination with least-squares migration. These advanced technologies allow us to overcome very complex imaging and geological challenges and enable achieving a wide range of subsurface imaging objectives across the E&P life cycle.
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Integrated Asset Assessment - as a Tool for Rapid Decision Making under Uncertainties
Authors M. Dymochkina, P. Kiselev, N. Vershigora and A. AnashkinSummaryAny investment decision - from well testing to the purchase of a new asset - are a large number of calculations with different decision logic. The larger the volume of the proposed investment, the more important to use an integrated approach in the decision to the assessment of the uncertainties and risks of the project. The Gazprom Neft Science and Technology Center has a methodological group that oversees the comprehensive assessment and analysis of investment projects. The tasks of this group is in addition to the development of methodological approaches, but also dissemination them within the Company to increase the general level of culture with uncertainties. The practice of recent years has shown that the most effective way to distribute best practices and techniques to a wide range of users is to introduce it into convenient digital solutions, which also has functions of training and developing the competencies of employees.
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VOI Application for Jurassic Exploration in Yuzhno-Russkoye Field
Authors N. Kudelina, P. Kraemer and I. DubinskySummaryThe VOI analysis is a method to assess the value of the acquisition of additional information at a cost in relation to the project value (G. Hasse). The tool combines geological and economic factors in order to evaluate the efficiency of the appraisal program. In the current work, the VOI calculation was performed for 2 appraisal wells to compare how location can influence the value of the project, considering the reliability of the information to be acquired, geological factors and economic risks.
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An Overview of Deep-Water Play Types in the Eastern Black Sea
More LessSummaryThe Black Sea is divided into two separate basins, the Western and Eastern Black Sea Basins (WBSB and EBSB), divided by the Mid-Black Sea High (Andrusov Ridge and Arkhangelsky High, Fig. 1 ). Whereas about 20 deepwater exploration wells were drilled in the WBSB, the EBSB saw only 3 wells to date (Tari and Simmons, 2018). The first one of these, the HPX-1 well were drilled by BP in the Turkish sector of the EBSB, very close to the Georgian maritime border in 2005. This well spud in 1,529 m water depth and it was the first truly deepwater well in the entire Black Sea.
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Artificial Intelligence in Exploration. Examples from Wintershall Dea
By T. HelbigSummaryBeing at the beginning of E&P value chain, exploration is a prime target for numerous digital applications. Unlike in operations or development, exploration work is usually focusing on unstructured data (reports, studies etc.), especially at the early stage. At this stage, ideation and interpretation are prevalent whereas in the other two domains modeling and engineering play a much larger role. Here, systems acting as digital advisors or cognitive search engines can be employed to reduce the time needed to come to conclusions. At later stages, big data applications and machine learning can be used to enhance the interpretation of seismic or petrophysical data. All of these technologies are commonly referenced as “Artificial Intelligence”.
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Integrated Exploration Portfolio Management as a Key to Business Success
Authors G. Bresser and M. BrundiersSummaryIn a world of lower oil price, the need for a stringent budget allocation is very important for exploration departments to show that they create value and that they use the annual capital efficiently. This is only possible if value creation, reserve replenishment and most important risk management is actively managed on a global portfolio level.
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Implementation of Geological and Technological Uncertainties to the Process of Development Planning of a Hydrocarbon Fields Group
Authors V. Legkokonets, A. Korobkin and D. SafinSummaryThe main goal of development planning of a new hydrocarbon region is to achieve the most robust development plan while taking into account uncertainties of each individual hydrocarbon field. The simplest solution for uncertainty quantification of several fields is conducting multitude of reservoir simulations, however this method is heavily limited by available computation resources. This work describes an algorithm which allows to calculate the least uncertain development plan within set production and economic constraints. Algorithm is based on genetic optimization method accounts for field infrastructure, production profile, cash flow limits while minimizing uncertainty. Proposed plan uncertainty is reduced through change of field exploitation start date and intensity of field development. Algorithm should be used as a decision support tool in the process of finding an optimal solution in hydrocarbon fields developing strategies.
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Application of New Mud Cleaning System to Eastern Syberian Fields
Authors N. Lebedev, S. Koshel, D. Bolotnik and V. MartyushovSummaryPresentation descibes application of innovative mud cleaning system in Eastern Syberia. The exploration wells are drilled using oil based mud. The new vacum based mud cleaning system radically improved HSE situation as well as significantly reduced loses of drilling fluid and amount of waste/utilisation when compared to traditional shakers due to much better separation of cuttings and and fluid
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How Society of Specialists is Becoming a Real Team
More LessSummaryPaper is devoted to intermediate retrospective of evolution of GPN R&D Centre Team, supporting Exploration projects. Company inner and industry outer drivers for this change are concerned, together with principles and instruments, that are used.
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Lightweight Nodes Bring New Opportunities
Authors J. Quigley and L. NasipovSummaryThe quality and usefulness of images and reservoir attributes obtained from land seismic surveys can be improved by increasing the density of traces acquired per square kilometre. Seismic survey designs must however reflect the practical reality and limitations of available equipment, operational logistics and cost, which leads to compromises in the designs used and the results obtained. On the receiver side, to significantly increase the acquired receiver count and trace density, the logistical barriers associated with existing receiver equipment must be eliminated. Experience acquiring many high-density surveys using cabled-telemetry recording equipment highlighted both the geophysical potential of point-source/point-receiver techniques, and the challenges of extending this technology beyond 250,00 channels using cabled-telemetry equipment. The introduction of new very small, light, and simple nodal receiver equipment enables such a paradigm shift in operational logistics. As operational barriers are eliminated the deployment of very large receiver spreads becomes practical, and the path opens towards more effective and flexible survey designs, delivering higher trace densities and improved seismic images.
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Business Approach to the Oil and Gas Exploration
Authors M. Aksenov and V. VorobyevSummaryThe purpose of this work is to describe the approach «Gazprom Neft» to managing the geological exploration business and preparing reserves for production. In this presentation, Gazprom Neft’s experience in working with exploration projects will be shown on real examples: the sequence of actions, how to implement the project faster, how to reduce the costs on exploration, how to justify the development of oilfield. The implemented approach is focused on exploration business management and the implementation of an optimal strategy for reservoir study. The project logic of the works is formed on the basis of the best practices of oil and gas majors, service companies, our personal experience and changes geological exploration not only in the Russian Federation, but also in the World.
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Enisey Project: Entering in the New Oil & Gas Production Region
Authors E. Smolentcev, M. Nikolaev, D. Garenskih and M. MartynovSummaryThe paper presents the strategic approach, developed for entering in the new oil and gas production region on the Gydan peninsula coast in Russian arctic in order to perform the Enisey exploration program in the most safety and effective way. Described the main challenges and solutions found. Presented the project management approach, based on flexible risk management system, marketing and logistic strategy development.
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Application of Modern Techniques for Integrated Well and Seismic Data Interpretation to Clarify Geology of Kovyktinskoje Field
Authors A. Smirnov, I. Jakovlev, O. Kuretova, R. Tugushev, F. Kevorkov, A. Rybnikov and F. ZeleznyakSummaryMain goal of the project are detailed investigation of sedimentary deposits (including upper and halogen – carbonate sections) and creation of unified seismogeological model of Kovitkinskiy license area based on 5050 square kilometers of 3D seismic. To achieve the goals in deep seismic processing was performed including wide azimuth migration ES360 which allowed to get both reflection and diffraction components of the wave field. Processing was followed by detailed interpretation, detailed inversion and pore pressure analyses. Based on seismic study detailed geological and geomechanical models where generated to assist exploration drilling.
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Problems of Geological Exploration of Old Oil-and-Gas Regions
Authors A. Ziyatdinov, R. Khisamov, A. Bachkov and V. BazarevskayaSummaryThe Republic of Tatarstan certainly belongs to one of the oldest oil regions of our country. Geological exploration of the old oil and gas regions is complicated by a number of objective factors, including: the deterioration of the resource base, the lack of highly promising prospecting objects and an increase in the share of hard-to-recover reserves. However, in the Republic of Tatarstan a great experience has been accumulated in maintaining a sufficiently high level of geological exploration success even in conditions of high exploration of mineral resources. First of all, attention is paid to unconventional objects (Perm bitumens, Domanic deposits, crystalline basement) and innovative methods of prospecting and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits. PJSC TATNEFT annually prepares projects for seismic exploration, where areas with a large number of identified and mapped structures and a low density of seismic profile networks are selected as priority research areas. For successful exploration work, adaptation of the strategy and tactics of their conduct is necessary, taking into account the characteristics of the old oil and gas regions. For example, Western companies have long been using VOI and probabilistic-statistical evaluation of search assets to make decisions on further work on search assets. In PJSC Tatneft, as part of the risk management concept, these methods are also successfully applied.
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