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Progress’19
- Conference date: November 5-8, 2019
- Location: Sochi, Russia
- Published: 05 November 2019
1 - 50 of 86 results
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Cost and Feasibility Evaluation of Oil & Gas Greenfields: a Search For the Best Tool
Authors S. Chizhikov, E. Dubovitskaya and A. KirillovSummaryEach oil and gas company in Russia has its own requirements to estimate accuracy at pre-FEED stage. There are various approaches to references frame, including those suggested by AACE International. There are no independent bodies in Russia establishing cost engineering standards at early phases of projects, therefore companies rely on internal demands. Companies are forced to tighten demands to estimate accuracy and validity by current industry trends such as: reduction of large discoveries and move towards small deposits; involvement of undeveloped reservoirs and tight oil reserves; and increase in a number of mature fields demanding integrated reengineering solutions. Until recently aggregative per unit indicators were widely spread, but a demand for minimization of an error range is urging new solutions that could deliver comparability of data and a basis for a comprehensive analysis. The paper aims at determination of key criteria for setting up correct methodological and approaches to cost and feasibility evaluation of oil and gas assets on stages “Identify” (Class 5 as per AACE) and “Define” (Class 4 as per AACE). Results of such work helps to better understanding of necessary automatization that which can speed up the evaluation process and increase an accuracy level of the estimates.
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Strategic Innovation in Hydrocarbon Exploration
Authors E. Lavrenova, A. Gorbunov, V. Kerimov and V. KosyanovSummaryExploration supplies 70–80% of economic value (EV) in the petroleum industry by means of acquiring geological information (GI), which diminishes risks and gains value by improving benefits, different types of decision-making processes, direct savings in terms of avoided costs, etc. 2D and 3D seismic data being the main source of GI at the early exploration need to be processed and interpreted, that is to say, transformed and incorporated into a geological model - basis of the Project evaluation. Despite the GI, obtained at the early exploration reduces key risks, still, there is significant potential for EV increasing. Conventional technologies and workflows are unable to provide such an improvement due to their crucial limitations. This work aims to demonstrate the possibility of strategic innovations in seismic interpretation for solving the above problems and improving the GI economic value.
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Technological Development to Enhance the Value of a Exploration Business Case
Authors A. Minich, Y. Berezovski, D. Metelkin, A. Timirgalin, G. Volkov and I. MukminovSummaryFor the tasks of geological and economic assessment the benchmarking method is widely used, which implies the assessment of the development of a field using methods and technologies that are the most applicable and successful at equivalent fields at the time of the assessment. Taking into account the speed of technological development for hard-to-recover reserves, in fact, the deposits are more likely not to be developed by the technologies and approaches that are laid in the assessment. Thus, the potential of some options is underestimated. In this paper an alternative approach is proposed, which implies a geological and economic assessment of options, taking into account the effectiveness of new technologies that are being introduced, which will become basic by the time the development of the estimated option begins. The performed calculations showed that the use of new technologies can increase the investment attractiveness of the option and get a rating of J#x003E; 1. This means that if there is an interesting project from the point of view of the reserves, it is possible to act as the customer for the development and drilling technology, which will provide a profitable case.
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Technological Advantages of a Generalized Layered Model in Seismic Data Processing and Interpretation
Authors K. Ovchinnikov, R. Anisimov and O. SilaenkovSummarySince seismic exploration studies layered environment where parameters change dramatically from layer to layer, and the properties within each individual layer are relatively unchanged, seismic data processing in the layered model concept seems completely natural. This description of the environment is often considered to be insufficiently general. This means only that it is necessary to expand the model of a single layer, which leads to a generalized layered model of the environment. Building of an environment model in such parameterization of the input data with such a description of the wave field gives a number of advantages, the main of which is the ability to obtain a stable, meaningful (from a geological point of view) solution even in very difficult seismic & geological conditions.
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Generalized Geological Model and Estimation of Hydrocarbon Bearing Prospects in the Northern Barents Sea
Authors G. Kazanin, S. Pavlov, A. Stupakova and S.Shkarubo ShkaruboSummaryThis paper considers the results of summarized integrated geophysical investigations that were carried out from 2006 to 2012. The investigations included common depth point (CDP) seismic reflection survey, over water gravity survey, and differential hydromagnetic exploration with a total work scope of 30 000 linear kilometers. The deep structural tectonic plan, the structural and lithofacies features of the sedimentary cover section on the basic reflecting boundaries, and the features of the seismic sequences and seismic sections on a depth scale have been studied, and geological oil-and-gas zoning of the Northern Barents shelf has been made. Seventy-nine local anticlinal highs have been revealed, and the zones with potential nonstructural hydrocarbon traps have been determined. Due to the lack of huge anticlinal highs in the northern Barents Sea region, nonstructural traps are of interest in studying and replacing the mineral raw material base of Russia, as well as for arranging marine exploration.
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Innovative Approaches to the Interpretation of Gravimagnetic Anomalies in the Study of Complex Objects of the Pre-Jurassic Complex
Authors A. Volkova, V. Merkulov, G. Grigoryev, A. Olyunin, V. Demin and M. TarakanovskySummaryThe paper demonstrates an innovative approach to the interpretation of gravitational and magnetic anomalies for the study of pre-Jurassic deposits. The model example (a detailed synthetic geological model that takes into account the geological and geophysical features of the objects under study) shows the expediency of conducting detailed gravimetric and magnetometric surveys in conjunction with seismic exploration, which allows to clarify the location of perspective areas for exploration and further development of the field.
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Improving the Efficiency of Area Exploration Projects Through the Preliminary Modeling Stage
Authors V. Gulin, G. Grigoriev and M. SalishchevSummaryThe article shows innovative approach to optimizing the process preparation of exploration projects, which based on modeling. The stage of preliminary modeling of the interest objects provides maximum efficiency of the entire cycle of exploration.
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The Study of the Deposits of the Tyumen Formation. Experience of Trial, Error and Achievement
Authors T. Kiryanova, O. Kirzeleva, M. Fedorova, R. Kopenkin, D. Klyazhnikov and A. KaluginSummaryTyumen series within the West Siberian Petroleum Province contain considerable oil resources (about 3 billion tons of the current recoverable reserves). Degree of their depletion is only 7%. Until recently, the reason for low interest in reservoir development was the frequent disconfirmation of geological models and drilling of numerous dry and marginal wells. Despite the considerable amount of accumulated information, including regional studies, and conclusions that in the vast territory the Tyumen series were formed in continental settings of alluvial plains and meandering channels, conceptual and three-dimensional digital models are still created with large assumptions/simplifications and do not reflect the complexity of pay zone structure. That is one of the reasons why the subsequent drilling does not confirm geological models. By the example of J2 reservoir, the work presents an experience of transition from simple to more complicated geological model as a result of reprocessing and integrated interpretation of geological and geophysical information.
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Optimization of Subsoil Licensing Programs
Authors M. Bagaeva and P. MelnikovSummaryBased on the analysis of the subsoil licensing program and its results in the North-West Federal District in the period from 2009 to 2018, ways were proposed to optimize the subsoil licensing programs by taking into account economic criteria at the stage of the formation of subsoil licensing programs and planning the timing of trading, taking into account the investment attractiveness of license areas.
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Polyzonal Adaptive of Processing Vibrogram as a Promising Way to Improve the Quality and Informativeness of Modern Seismic
Authors Y. Dolgikh, E. Kaygorodov and A. GlebovSummaryTo improve the quality and information content of the results of the use of high-performance vibro-seismic technologies, it is necessary to solve a number of problems related to the specifics of the use of high-performance technologies and the vibro-seismic method (increased noise, amplitude and frequency distortion, the presence of harmonics). Traditionally, these problems are solved by changing the parameters of the method of vibroseismic works in the direction of increasing the statistical effect of the interference excitation (reception) systems. An alternative way to improve the quality and informational content is the use of specialized techniques of processing vibrogram. Currently, due to the General level of scientific and technical development, the Preservation and processing of the original vibrogram is not a problem. At the same time, there is no integrative, complex technology of specialized vibrogram processing in order to improve the quality of the correlogram. Currently conducts research related to the development and testing of elements of said integrated technologies. In these studies, including the present report describes the first steps in the development of technology for special treatment of vibrogram.
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Effect of Tectonic Processes on the Oil and Gas Potential of Various Regions
Authors N. Nassonova and A. FischenkoSummaryA controversial issue is described related to the formation of shear fault zones which identified the most promising regions in the Aptian, Albian, Cenomanian, and other Upper Cretaceous sediments in West Siberia (WS). A hypothesis of piston-like filling of Samotlor Field with hydrocarbons is proposed. The cause of tilted oil-water contact in the area of Krasnoleninskoye Field is described.
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From Integration of Geosciences, Engineering and Economics towards Efficient Exploration Decisions
Authors M.K. Qureshi and D. SurovtsevSummaryIn this presentation we are looking at various components of efficient exploration decisions through the prism of integrated modelling. The starting point for our analysis is the exploration process triangle listing data and products that oil and gas explorers gather, create and evaluate to make an informed drilling decision. We argue that the term ‘integrated modelling in exploration’ all too often is understood in a rather narrow sense as “stratigraphic, structural and petroleum systems modeling”. Naturally such combined approach is a significant improvement versus a silo study as one may be surprised to find out how many companies equate exploration with seismic interpretation only. However, it only addresses about a half of the exploration process triangle components. The best practices in today’s industry drive to improve exploration efficiency call for a holistic risk, resource and value assessment of undiscovered petroleum resources, an integrated workflow that provides the necessary link between the outcomes of geomodelling work and the exploration portfolio management needs of corporate decision makers. The workflow relies on a proven suite of tools and methods that became de facto exploration industry standard. It enables to carry out 360-degree prospect ranking using modern Multiple-Criteria Decision Methods (MCDM).
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Scientific and Technical Development of Vertically Integrated Companies in the Transition to the Digital Economy and the 6th Technological Order
Authors V. Kuznetsov, S. Sanin and Y. DolgikhSummaryThe obvious development trend associated with the transition to the 6th technological mode is the digitalization of all spheres of activity, including economic. The introduction of digital technologies is characterized by rapid dynamics and causes a sharp acceleration of scientific and technological development. In the oil and gas industry, despite its traditional conservatism – digital technologies are very popular. Western oil and gas companies – the leaders who were able to recognize and “lead” this new technological and digital trend – are already fully enjoying the fruits of their competitive advantages. Therefore, domestic oil and gas companies interested in the rapid reduction of the backlog in scientific, technological and digital development, it is necessary in a short time to develop road maps of digitalization and introduction of new technologies in order to take over the best practices and secure a place in the leaders of the world’s digital oil and gas industries in the long term. Achieving such ambitious goals requires strategic forecasting and planning, as well as a systematic approach to managing scientific, technological and digital development. The report presents the basic principles of forecasting, planning and management based on the analysis and synthesis of information from open sources - in the context of scientific and technological development, digital transformation and the introduction of new technologies.
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New Petroleum Exploration Opportunities in the Pre-Ural Foredeep (the Republic of Bashkortostan)
Authors R. Bakirov, N. Amelchenko, V. Minkaev and I. YagfarovSummaryComprehensive analysis of a wide range of G&G data revealed most promising petroleum exploration opportunities within the Pre-Ural Foredeep of the Republic of Bashkortostan, best practices are recommended for generation of new drill-ready exploration prospects.
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Analysis of Opportunities for the Development of Independent Exploration Companies in Russia
By D. SazonenkoSummaryIn many countries of the world, small oil and gas companies are serious players in the exploration market, occupying a considerable share. In Russia, the role of independent exploration companies is rather small. The analysis of the factors that affect the ability of their success is performed in the paper. The main factors discussed are the legal status of the small exploration companies, government support, and exploration rights market maturity, funding, information and service availability.
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Considerations for Choosing the Parameters of the Technique and Quality Criteria of Seismograms in the Transition to High-Density High-Performance Surveys
Authors Y. Dolgikh and V. KuznetsovSummaryCurrently, in the practice of seismic studies there are trends leading to a revision of the existing system of quality control of the original seismograms:- implementation of high-performance full-azimuth 3D - systems of high density and multiplicity; - a radical increase in the number of receiving channels, the rejection of the grouping of receivers with a multiple decrease in the step between the receiving channels; - reduction of the absolute energy of a single impact with a compensatory increase in the number of impacts themselves; - relative reduction of the share of explosive seismic surveys in favor of surveys with vibration and pulse sources. The logic of the traditional approach is to select a signal against the background of noise (random, regular) with acceptable nonlinear distortions of the reflected wave spectrum. The logic of the new approach is to register the undistorted wave field of the signal and noise with the initial ratio of amplitudes, energy, spatial discreteness and multiplicity, providing the necessary quality of the useful signal in a wide frequency range at the processing stage. The substantiation of methodological parameters and criteria for assessing the quality of modern research is a non-trivial task, since it requires the preliminary identification of the most significant factors and the generalization of accumulated statistical data on the quality of the results obtained for specific conditions and traditional methodological schemes. The report presents some theoretical and empirical assumptions that allow using the idea of energy equivalence in the design of modern seismic studies
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A Fresh Look at 3D Seismic in a Brownfield Exploration Play
Authors H. Lauferts, I. Nizhegorodova and I. NovikovSummarySeismic inversion is a geophysical workflow that is routinely used by geoscientists in many basins around the world in Exploration & Production companies. The higher quality well logs (especially p- and s-wave sonic data) can be obtained for the inversion, the better the results. Oil and gas companies compile large rock property databases to aid inversion in exploration, when only few or no wells are available to support a new hydrocarbon play in an undrilled geological setting. The paper describes how seismic inversion was applied in brownfield exploration in the West Siberian Basin. Here, the operator tried to stop or better reverse the oil production decline.
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Initiation of New Projects and Partnerships for the Development of Russian Oil and Gas Resources
By D. MilyaevSummaryThe expansion of the mineral resource base of the company can occur both through the acquisition of new licenses, and by entering into existing projects through the creation of partnerships or the purchase of rights to use subsoil. This article discusses the investment opportunities of the oil and gas sector and the obstacles to their implementation, analyzes the reasons for the non-optimal behavior of companies during business development in Russia, and outlines the requirements for a systematic approach to the initiation of new projects.
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Reducing Exploration and Development Risk by Diffraction Imaging
By E. LandaSummaryWhile production from old and conventional fields on the decline, oil, and gas companies are looking into increasingly challenging areas—deep water, subsalt, and in unconventional carbonate reservoirs. Seismic images in these environments are often of reduced quality, and new innovative seismic technologies are needed to reduce risk in these settings. Fault and fracture identification is, probably the biggest challenge for the seismic in carbonate and unconventional reservoirs. A major challenge in carbonate environments is to map heterogeneities which have a strong impact on oil and gas production. In many carbonate reservoirs, matrix porosity contains the oil in place but the permeability is mainly provided by fracture corridors. In other reservoirs, the oil in place is found primarily in karstic caves. Even using the most advanced imaging and inversion techniques, it is extremely difficult to identify small faults and characterize the distribution of fractures. Well information can successfully locate faults and provide directional trends of fractures only near the wells. Unfortunately, the reliability of detection small and medium scale (less than the seismic wavelength) heterogeneities and possibility characterize their properties in conventional processing and imaging is generally low. Conventional imaging methods which are biased towards smooth continuous reflectors are intrinsically limited when confronting challenges in detection and delineation of these subsurface elements. Seismic migration treats reflection and diffraction differently (Khaidukov et al., 2004). While diffracted waves are focused to a diffraction point at depth, the wavefront of the extrapolated reflected wave is not focused but is tangent to the reflector. Focusing of the reflection would occur at the imaginary source point. In the migrated section, we see reflectors as an envelope of the secondary fictitious diffraction. As a consequence, interpretation of seismic images is of limited use for the characterization of subsurface singularities and discontinuities. In regular migration and inversion, scattered wavefronts from small scattering objects are usually masked by the stronger reflection energy and noise. Small-scale subsurface elements usually are not included in the estimated velocity model, and they may, therefore, be considered as defects or damaged regions of the velocity model. Information about structural discontinuities and small-scale subsurface elements is coded in diffracted waves, and they can be detected by diffraction imaging (Landa, 2012). Diffraction imaging aims to focus the diffraction energy into its origins, namely, into subsurface discontinuities and local heterogeneities which created the registered diffraction wavefield. The separation between reflective and diffractive components of the total wavefield is at the core of the diffraction imaging.
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Uncertainty Analysis of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Modeling in Exploration Context Based on Multivariate Computational Experiment
By A. DegterevSummaryThe same geological object can be modeled both in two-dimensional space and in three-dimensional one. Currently, both three-dimensional and two-dimensional modeling is carried out using specialized programs (often the same ones) and includes the same stages of import and raw data preparation, performing cross-well correlation, so the construction of a 2D model is just as laborious as a 3D one. In this situation, the issues of reliability of the models, how the model is similar to the studied object come to the fore. Two-dimensional geological modeling has a number of known limitations, not allowing taking into account the vertical heterogeneity of the simulated object, the vertical separation of reservoir layers and their communication in space, as well as data for wells located outside the saturation circuit. Three-dimensional modeling by introducing an additional dimension increases the complexity of the model and the number of uncertainty factors. Since the reliability of the created models significantly affects the rationality of investment decisions, the ratio of the contribution of uncertainty factors of two-dimensional and three-dimensional modeling requires careful study. This work offers one of the ways to solve this problem, based on the formulation of a series of multivariate computational experiments.
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Methodology of Stepwise Multi-Scale Stress Inversion for Predicting Fault Tectonics and Fracturing: Case Study for Pre-Jurassic Complex of Tomsk Region
Authors D. Konoshonkin, I. Churochkin, N. Konoshonkina, V. Belozerov and S. ZhigulskiySummaryAccording to the ideas about the formation and preservation of oil and gas reserves in the pre-Jurassic complex (PJC) of the Tomsk region, the exploration of oil and gas fields in the PJC requires an understanding of fault tectonics and the development of fracturing in rocks. Tectonics can be considered at different scales: regional scale – fault length of 100–1000 km; local scale – faults comparable to the size of the fields, and denoted by 3D seismic; point scale – fractures defined by borehole microimagers. All these categories of tectonics are examples of discontinuities of rocks caused by the reaction of rocks to the loads (stresses). In accordance with the theoretical and practical ideas of geomechanics, knowledge of the stress state at different stages of geological history allows one to describe the presence and nature of fault tectonics, i.e. anticipating the orientation of fractures and cracks, as well as assess their hydrodynamic activity (permeability) in different periods of geological time. The paper proposes an approach for prediction of tectonics at local (field) scale and point (well) scale based on the available data on regional faults, local faults (in a limited area) and fractures defined in several wells.
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Virtual Laboratory - the Interaction Tool for Geologists and Laboratory Staff
Authors K. Chirkunov and I. KarpovSummaryIn recent years we see how digital platforms have been creating and spreading in completely different sectors of the business: from the taxi services to the pharmaceuticals and the computing resources sharing. The platforms success is associated with an innovative form of an interaction between service providers and consumers that significantly reduces the overhead costs of transactions, speeds up the exchange of an information and as a result allows a consumer to get a proper quality service faster. In our work we discribe the creation of the Virtual Laboratory platform, a platform for customers and reseachers, who deal with core material and oil fluid researches. We show, despite the fact that the georesearch services market is complex in terms of task specs and pricing, the concept of Virtual Laboratory in the oil and gas industry has all chances to be ubiquitous. In the main part we describe the implemented functions of the product (the builder of complex proposals, the translation from the language of geologists to the language of laboratory staff) and how we have come to it. At the end the economic effect is described from the perspective of consumers and researchers.
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Uncertainty Management in A Fast-Paced Exploration to Production Environment
Authors V. Tveritina, I. Nizhegorodova and T. McCormick-CoxSummaryAfter a successful hydrocarbon discovery, the first and most commonly asked question refers to the size of the discovered prize: ‘how much is it?’ In as much as this is a straightforward question, it is also the most difficult to answer correctly, especially with the pressures to put the discovery on production as soon as possible. Furthermore, if dependent on the range of volumetric and connectivity outcomes, multiple development options need to be considered. These development options in turn will have an impact on the profitability of the project and may result in the difference between a commercially attractive project and a financial disaster.
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Accelerated Hydrocarbon Maturation: a Workflow
Authors A. Popov, I. Edelman, T. McCormic and H. LaufertsSummaryRapid subsurface analyses using seismic, core and well log data were used to produce calibrated seismic inversion products. Combined top quartile drilling of extended-reach and all-season wells enabled Salym Petroleum Development to dramatically increase its resource base in the last three years. While many prospects for further expansion were generated at a variety of stratigraphic levels, the expansion proved possible despite limited access to inorganic growth areas. At present, the hydrocarbon maturation funnel is filled at approximately 90 Mbbl/yr as a direct result of multi-disciplinary effort stretching from regional exploration geoscience to targeted and coordinated infrastructure construction.
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Joint Impedance and Facies Inversion as a Way to More Accurate Prediction of Reservoir Properties
Authors I. Yakovlev, F. Zeleznyak, A. Davydov and V. OgibeninSummaryWe discuss an alternative method of simultaneous deterministic inversion introduced a few years ago. Unlike conventional model-based inversion algorithms, it incorporates a separate background model for each facies type in the form of low frequency depth trends of elastic properties, and inverts directly for facies along with the usual set of P- and S-impedances and density. This allows to overcome some of the well-known limitations of the deterministic inversions which further leads to more accurate quantitative interpretation of reservoir properties between wells across the area.
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An Experience of Pore Pressure Prediction Based on Seismic Data
Authors E. Shubina, F. Zeleznyak, A. Davydov and V. OgibeninSummaryResearch of deep hydrocarbon potential is an actual purpose now, which is often connected with the overpressures. Nowadays many deep fields were opened in different regions: from Mexican bay to the North seas. On the other hand, there are a lot of dangerous situations during drilling every year. These situations vary by degree of consequences and can cost many financial and ecological expenses. However, overpressures are not only technical risks, they also have geological risks. This article represents how connection of pressure and seismic velocity can lead to mistakes in structural geological maps. So this distortion causes wrong estimation of layers depth, incorrect estimation of resources and objects selection. Nevertheless, pore pressure prediction can minimize all these indeterminacies and get a correct structural map with the correct resource estimation.
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Hydrocarbon Potential of the Balkan Thrust Systems
Authors I. Dulich, G. Bogicevic and V. GajicSummaryIn the Central and Eastern Europe, huge quantities of oil and gas, generated from Mesozoic and Paleogene formations, are found under the Alps and Carpathian systems. On the South, very successful exploration results in the thrust system of Hellenides belt of Albania, indicate that the deposits of oil and gas also occur at Balkan Peninsula thrust system. In the last few years, after positive exploration results on the Shpiragu structure in Albania, NIS Gazpromneft has changed petroleum exploration focus to the area of Eastern Herzegovina, in southern part of Bosnia & Herzegovina. Based on seismic-geological interpretation of 2D seismic sections, three regional composite geological sections were constructed, structurally reconstructed and finally modeled from petroleum system point of view. Thrusting model proves (based on 2D petroleum system models) that, even in low heat flow areas, we can expect mature source rocks in the exploration area, where oil window is located at depth below 6000 m.
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Spiral Model of Asset Development on the Example of Green Field Idjosh, Pannonian Basin, Serbia
Authors M. Pilipenko, E. Milei and M. KuznetsovSummaryDue to the long history of exploration and development of the Pannonian basin, the exploration area is reduced to small deposits and satellite fields. Initial geological uncertainties are high and entail financial risks. In this case, the traditionally applicable cascade model organization of the deposit studying process is ineffective. A spiral model of asset exploration and development has been applied to the new Serbian field, similar to the Barry Boehm model for creating software. A distinctive feature of this approach is special attention to the risks affecting decision making and the iterative process of project development. This methodology allowed us to solve the important problem - to put the field into operation simultaneously with its additional study, adequate understanding of risks and a plan to reduce them. The essence of the approach is that when obtaining actual data after drilling, geologists, petrophysicists and reservoir engineers work with the field in 4 main areas - identifying risks, modeling and assessing reserves, planning activities and implementing them. The structure of each subsequent phase, repeats the previous one, while taking into account the experience and developments of the previous stages, which allows us to develop the concept, modify the model and remove uncertainties.
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Finding Optimal Survey System for 3D Seismic Aimed to Study Prespectives of Pre-Jurassic Sequence Potential in Tomsk Region
Authors E. Voronovicheva, D. Litvichenko, D. Medvedev, Y. Pavlovsky, M. Tarakanovskii and A. ShevchenkoSummaryPaper summarises application of direct seismic modeling based om real geological models decsribing whole depth interval. Project is aimed to optimise planned seismic surways focused on perspective pre jurastic deposits of Tomsk region.
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Weak and Large Collector (Based on the Examples of the Eastern Siberia Carbonate Reservoirs)
Authors V. Kolesov and S. Ter-SaakovSummaryAccording to the materials that have been publishing recently the main prospecting indicators of the improved filtration-volumetric characteristics zones of Irkutsk region carbonate reservoirs are crystal base ledges. In the paper there is considered the example of reservoir presence without crystal base ledges, which arrouses business interest while the horizontal boreholes drilling.
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Machine Learning and Learning from Machines
Authors A. Kozhenkov, E.Z. Naeini and K. PrindleSummaryDeep learning has demonstrated tremendous success in a variety of application domains in the past few years, and with some new modalities of applications it continues to open new opportunities. We see applications of machine learning in our daily lives, stretching from familiar applications such as spam filters dating back to the 1990s to more advanced cases such as self-driving cars and the automation of medical imaging and diagnoses. It is not the intention of the authors to explain all these algorithms in detail here. Instead, the focus is on demonstrating an application of machine learning and the possibility of learning from machines in typical geoscience applications. In this example, we will demonstrate learnings from use cases such as facies classification, petrophysical log prediction, and fault interpretation. These applications are essential parts of various geoscience workflows, and although not too complex in theory, the machine learning approaches can certainly save time (and therefore money). While there is a lot of enthusiasm in implementing machine learning for various geoscience applications, there is also skepticism of “black box” applications and how to quality control (QC) the outcomes. There are various QC measures in data science that are implemented routinely. One robust approach is cross validation, which is mostly known by geoscientists as blind well QC for well-based applications. It is discussed here that such approaches can lead to the concept of “machine learning and learning from machines.” This concept is shown in the use cases mentioned earlier. The examples shown are selected so that the concept behind this paper can be demonstrated.
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Field Expedition Trips for Solving Tasks of Oil and Gas Exploration in XXI Century
Authors S. Astakhov and A. KhardikovSummaryIn the XIX-XX centuries, it was impossible to imagine the oil and gas exploration in the pre-war period without field geological expeditions. In the second half of the XX century, the hammer as an instrument of obtaining new geological data was replaced by geophysical equipment. However, over the past 10 years there has been a tendency to renew the field study of target formations in outcrops. In this regard, the upstream companies organize long geological expeditions in the areas of exploration, both in the onshore and offshore projects (on adjacent land outcrops) for a period of 2 weeks to 2 months with the participation of their own and invited specialists. This is due to: A) The development and implementation of new laboratory methods of rock testing. Application of these methods requires the collection of new samples; B) The periodical appearance of new surface oil and gas seepages in regions with active seismicity and tectonic movements; C) The need to use the data of the structure and stratigraphy of target formations in outcrops with seismostratigraphic models to simplify seismic interpretation.
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Riphean Capacity that Was Lost for Decades (Based on the Examples of the Eastern Siberia Carbonate Reservoirs)
Authors V. Kolesov, V. Tcheverda and D. PetrovSummaryUpon examining the wells core material of the involved section except for the fractures in the Riphean geological section there were also found cavernous intervals and dissolved cavities. We have succeeded in describing the analysis of the core X-ray tomogram data as a statistical model.There has been performed the mathematical modelling of the seismic wave field behaviour for the cavernous layer. There has been also discovered the theoretical possibility of the such layers extraction in the seismic data. The theoretical calculations have been approbated on the real data. There has been showed the potential of the seismic data usage for the thin and high-capacity cavernous interbeds extraction.
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Seismic Facies Classification, from Basin to Prospects, from Visualization to Value
Authors S. Mann, J. Ostrikoff and A. KayesSummarySeismic facies classification can be achieved from a variety of seismic attributes. These can be applied to the whole petroleum evaluation workflow, from basin understanding to play evaluation and from lead identification to prospect definition. Attributes may be derived from 2D, 3D or multi-dimensional data depending on the input dataset. Initially, the interpretation will be qualitative, but with well calibration and benchmarking the interpretation becomes more quantitative.
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Basin Modelling, Essential Exploration and Life Cycle Tool
Authors H. Bosscher, Q. Clevis, R. Nourse and A. MayfieldSummaryShell has been developing and using basin modeling software since the 1980’s. Initially very much as an exploration tool. Over the years simple 1D burial history analysis has evolved to 4D basin evolution simulations. Not only to help exploration in predicting hydrocarbon occurrences but also to help evaluate subsurface pressure and seismic velocities, pressure and temperature for well planning, predict reservoirs properties for development geologists and underpin assessments of risking for contaminants like H2S.
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Best Practices in Petroleum Exploration – Assessment of Yet-to-Find (YTF) Petroleum Resources
Authors B. Wygrala and C.D. NormanSummaryAssessments of Yet-to-Find (YTF) or undiscovered oil and gas resources are usually performed by Government Agencies such as Regulatory Authorities and National Oil Companies. A structured approach that follows industry standard best practices is an essential requirement. Basins are subdivided into plays and then into Assessment Units (AUs) and the key geologic risks are then assessed in each AU. YTF resource assessments are not only essential for Government Agencies, but for every E&P company engaged in exploration. The reason is that the assessments are based on in-depth geological knowledge and risk analyses not only of the prospects but also of the plays and basins in which they are located. As prospect risks are always a combination of regional (play) and local (prospect) risks, these factors are an essential requirement for prospect risking and ranking and therefore also for effective exploration portfolio management. In this paper, the authors provide a general introduction to the YTF methodology based on industry standard best practices, and use an example of a national YTF resource assessment project of an entire country to illustrate the practical application of the process as well as its results and benefits.
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Perspective Areas for Growth of the Oil Resources on the Territory of the Leno-Tunguska Petroleum Province
Authors M. Maslennikov, P. Sobolev, A. Vymyatnin and D. LezhninSummaryLeno-Tunguska petroleum province is located in Eastern Siberia. The province is characterized by high prospects for the growth of the oil resources and the search for new oil fields on-shore of Russian Federation. The area size of perspective land is more than 3 million square kilometer. Today only 20% of these territories refer to distributed subsoil fund. Therefore the area size of the unallocated fund is over 2,6 million square kilometers. This paper research the most promising areas to increase the resource base and search for new deposits in the territory unallocated subsoil fund of Leno-Tunguska petroleum province.
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AI-Aided Core Analysis: Faster and Cheaper SCAL Studies
Authors A. Erofeev, D. Orlov and D. KoroteevSummaryThe main aim of this work is to study the applicability of Machine Learning (ML) techniques for prediction of rock properties, which are commonly defined via special core analysis (SCAL). The mechanism of SCAL prediction on the basis of routine core analysis (RCA) was developed and validated. The possibility of application of ML methods for estimation of some rock characteristics was demonstrated. The comparative analysis of different ML techniques was provided to choose the most stable and accurate forecast methods. It was shown that Gradient Boosting algorithm and Artificial Neural Network allow to create the most robust and accurate models for considered rock properties.
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Use of Full-Waveform Modeling for Detection of the Pre-Jurassic Objects by Seismic Methods
SummaryWe present a methodology of full-waveform numerical modeling of wide-azimuth seismic data to detect pre-Jurassic objects. Simulated data was investigated using number of the QC procedure, including attributes construction, correlation of the model with the time stacks. According to the QC analysis the simulated data is of a high quality and can be used for processing and geological interpretation for detection of the pre-Jurassic objects.
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Machine Vision Methods in the Application for Core Image Segmentation
Authors E. Baraboshkin, L. Ismailova, D. Orlov and D. KoroteevSummaryThe computational power of the reservoir modelling is growing nowadays enabling the use of more precise core descriptions. The industry needs high accuracy models for precise reserves estimation. As a way to improve that, different authors proposed semiautomatic image segmentation algorithms based on color spaces approaches. The segmentation algorithms are common in machine vision as most images consist of semantically different parts. This paper focuses on the review and application of different machine vision algorithms for semi-supervised segmentation of full core images based on superpixel approach. Such an approach takes into account pixel groups with their semantic (texture, intensities, etc.) meaning. The reviewed algorithms can contribute to the precise description of rocks at different scales. The automatic way to segment lithotypes and other characteristics of rock introduced. U-Net like convolutional neural network fine-tuned on a small dataset may produce meaningful results.
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Ultra High Trace Density Seismic Acquisition for Petroleum Exploration in Artic Regions
Authors P.A. Munoz, J. Uribe, N. Sanabria and G. OcampoSummarySeismic acquisition for Petroleum Exploration in Artic regions is usually restricted to the winter season. Conventional seismic methods require that the survey area and acquisition parameters are constrained to match the narrow time frame. The quality of seismic image and reliability of predicted amplitude anomalies of shallow targets is restricted by the smaller trace contribution at shorter times in the seismic gathers. Exploration of shallow targets requires very densely sampled surveys by reducing line spacings and point intervals. Our recent experience in Kuukpik 3D Alaska (USA) demonstrates that ultra-high source density supported by unconstrained simultaneous sources overcomes the limitations of conventional seismic acquisition in Artic regions.
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Thin Section Photos Processing with Neural Networks
Authors S. Polushkin, Y. Volokitin, I. Edelman, E. Sadikhov, Y. Murzaev, O. Lokhanova and S. BudennyySummaryNeural network designed for cardiovascular diagnostics was trained to identify grains on thin section photos. About 150 thin section photos were processed. The result contains grains size and shape, mineralogical composition and pores size. This information is critical at all stages of field development from rock properties and petrophysical modelling to proper selection of drilling mud and well kill fluids.
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Value of Information Assessment Methods Evolution as a Response to Technological and Organizational Challenges
Authors V. Demo, R. Kim, A. Sizykh, E. Bogdanovich and G. GrigorevSummaryThe definition of value of information has been used since 60th. By this time there has been developed some new methods, that influenced on the way of uncertainty reduction. The main idea has not changed. Value of information is a difference between expected monetary value with and without information. Challenges in exploration, that took place last decades, make an important part in methods development. For example, it is new approaches in uncertainties evaluation by application of technologies improvement.
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Technological Limit of Exploration Well as a Tool to Improve the Efficiency of Exploration Processes
By O. KalininSummaryThe introduction of the principle of technological limit in the construction process of an exploration well reduces the duration to 60% and the cost to 20% through the introduction of technological, organizational and digital initiatives.
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Unmanned Vehicles in the Exploration Proccess
Authors G. Grigorev, I. Karpov and N. SivoySummaryToday, breakthrough solutions are formed at the intersection of two or more scientific and/or engineering areas, this project is a good confirmation of this. Today, the integration of unmanned aerial vehicle technologies with the methods of area geophysical surveys is a breakthrough solution aimed at the development of a functional family of non-seismic search methods. The tests made it possible to confirm a set of hypotheses, to clarify a set of methodological subtleties and to form a further vector of development of the project
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Advantages of the Use of Drones in a Complex Onshore Seismic Project in Greece
Authors A. Islamov, I. Garcia, G. Ocampo and D. LaraSummaryThe use of drones in a challenging onshore 2D seismic campaign in Greece has been proved to be a valuable tool to solve multiple problems both during the planning and execution stages of the project. The applicability of drones include the aerial inspection with generation of digital elevation models, detection of obstacles in the field even before commencement of operations, seismic planning in UXO (Unexploded Ordnance) sensitive areas that requires special attention, the search of access roads for efficient logistics, the receiver points and shot holes planning and the calculation of compensation to landowners and estimation of reforestation, among others.
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Development and Implementation of New Exploration Tehnologies of PJSC «Gazprom Neft»
Authors A. Vashkevich and A. BochkovSummaryOne of the most important parts of a successful O&G exploration process is the application of new and improvement of existing technologies aimed at fast, high-quality and cost-effective obtaining of geological and geophysical information. In this regard, Gazprom Neft updated the exploration technological strategy until 2022. Work in accordance with strategy and focus on the development of technologies in O&G exploration has made it possible in recent years to achieve significant success in Company’s exploration effectiveness.
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Innovations and Technologies - the Drivers for Economical Efficiency of Exploration
By D. BolotnikSummaryOil companies do invest into exploration not to discover new fields as such but to find economically efficient resources which would extend profitable life of existing or even create new profitable production units. In this context exploration becomes part of investment process where value from potential development project stands behind seismic and drilling costs. The talk discusses some of the technological developments which can boost efficiency of Exploration in this context by:• Helping companies to concentrate on most valuable projects using multi realization modeling and decision trees.• Getting more information from exploration and appraisal wells due to integration of all available data and use of advanced interpretation technologies. •
Reducing time and cost of operations • Transferring information from exploration/appraisal stages to the development stage in aim to
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Data Driven Exploration Planning as Multi-Objective Problem Solving Based on Geological and Geophysical Information
Authors P. Mostovoy, V. Fagereva, N. Taratin and I. SafarovSummaryIn the article the process of integration all the available geological and geophysical data in a decision making of exploration and assessment well drilling is considered as a multi-objective problem solving.
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Cognitive Technologies for Geology Exploration
Authors Z. Filippova, A. Bochkov and R. Abreu de PaulaSummaryAnalysis and interpretation of geological data for decision making at the exploration stage is one of the most difficult and important tasks for the O&G industry. At this stage, experts aim at maximizing the understanding of the value of an asset, while dealing with high levels of uncertainty. IT solutions based on classical mathematical algorithms are not able to support such complex operations, for they require well-defined and structured data-process models. The new generation of technological systems capable of continuous analysis and cognition of the surrounding world are better fit to cope with such tasks. A Joint research project between Gazprom-Neft and IBM Research has shown evidence that cognitive technologies have the potential for application in geology exploration. The global goal is to support all professionals involved in the process of geological data analysis so that they can make more efficient and informed decisions by automating the routine tasks and reducing the number of unnecessary cycles, iterations. The results at the current stage corroborate the value of introducing cognitive technologies not only for solving linear problems of processing and interpreting geological data, but they will form the basis for the transformation of standard approaches throughout the geological exploration cycle.
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