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Saint Petersburg 2020
- Conference date: November 16-19, 2020
- Location: Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Published: 16 November 2020
1 - 50 of 134 results
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Results of Complex Core Studies of Usinsk Oil Field
By N. PopovSummaryThe article is devoted to the development of methodological techniques for the application of machine learning technologies, including deep learning, to the problems of in-depth analysis of geological and physical parameters based on the results of laboratory studies of core sections. To achieve this goal, we solve the problem of developing a specialized tabular format for describing the core sections of carbonate deposits, the formation of a database based on the developed format for further analysis and application of deep and surface training technologies. The Usinsk Deposit located in the Komi Republic was chosen as the object of research. The developed format allows all text descriptions of the geological characteristics of the section to be presented in a tabular form with a discrete encoding. On the example of permocarbon Deposit of Usinsk field, a unique database of 500 sections from 6 wells was formed according to the developed formatUsing the formed database, the ratio of mineralogical density and permeability with the categorization of points according to the danhem. As result of the experiments, a model was obtained, which allows to distinguish geological parameters from the photo of the plume.
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Focusing Properties of Kirchhoff Migration
By M. DenisovSummaryThe seismic source generates waves that travel into the subsurface, where they interact with inhomogeneities. The types of such interaction are scattering (or diffraction) and reflection. The problem of imaging of small objects producing diffracted waves is often considered in the geophysical literature. Before migration, wavefield separation is to be performed. Otherwise, in case the conventional migration operator is applied to the mixture of the wavefields, the result will be contaminated with artefacts. A special focusing operator should be applied for diffracted waves imaging. Such operator, being applied to the mixture of the wavefields, will distort the image of reflectors.
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Algorithm of 2D Mathematical Modelling Acoustic Reservoir Monitoring of Medium with Combined Hierarchical Inclusions and Convective Mixing in Fluid-Saturated Inclusions
Authors O. Hachay, A. Khachay and O. KhachaySummaryBackground: A new method of modeling acoustic monitoring of a layered-block elastic medium with several inclusions of various physical-mechanical and phase hierarchical structures has been developed. Methods: An iterative process of solving a direct problem for the case of three hierarchical inclusions of l, m, s ranks based on the use of 2D-integro differential equations has been developed. Results: The degree of hierarchy of inclusions is determined by the values of their ranks, which may be different. Hierarchical inclusions are located in different layers one above the other: the upper anomalously stressed, the second-fluid-saturated and the third anomalously dense. The degree of filling with inclusions of each rank is different for all three hierarchical inclusions. At the same time, the question of dynamic processes in fluid-saturated hierarchical inclusions related to convective mixing of a single-component fluid is investigated. Conclusions: The simulation results can be used when conducting monitoring studies of fluid return control of oil fields. The results can help explain the excessive water flooding of oil reservoirs.
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Application of Organic Geochemistry Methods in FEC Practice
Authors A. Ermolovsky, A. Kuklinsky, E. Zubareva, M. Nevestenco, E. Gurba and J. TarasovaSummarySolving the problems of reservoir geochemistry requires a large complex of geochemical works. Core and sludge (bituminous and molecular analyses) are studied to assess the prospects of oil and gas deposits and use in basin modeling. These studies are combined with geochemical studies of surface oils and gas condensates, including physical and chemical analysis, molecular analysis of the individual composition of gasoline fractions, n-paraffin, isoprenoid, aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic biomarkers.
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Application Of Plasma In Oil & Gas Industries
Authors R. Lashkari and A. KhalilnejadSummaryEfforts have been made to increase efficiency and reduce costs in all industries, especially in the oil and gas industries. Today, the use of modern technologies to reduce costs and improve the efficiency of work in all parts has been welcomed. One of the discoveries of recent decades is the discovery of the fourth phase of the matter called Plasma and its use in various industries. In this paper, we will discuss the plasma-derived technologies in the oil and gas industry and researches in this field. Considering the wide application of plasma in different parts of the oil and gas industries, this paper focuses on the research and operational work carried out in the areas of creating protective coatings on metals, cutting and milling of the casing and tubing, wettability changes, wellbore stimulation, perforation & EOR. Significant progress has been made in many of these parts and is expected to affect a large part of the oil and gas industries in the near future.
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Automatic Geoelectric Boundaries Detection on the Resistivity Images Based on 3D Numerical Simulation and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors K. Danilovskiy, G. Loginov and O. NechaevSummaryIn this study, we propose a new approach to borehole resistivity images interpretation, based on combination of 3D finite element simulation and convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms. The CNN is trained on the results of 3D numerical simulation to detect geoelectric boundaries. High-performance parallel computing and data augmentation are used in order to minimize the time needed to obtain a set of images sufficient for CNN training. Despite the time-consuming processes of synthetic data obtaining and CNN training, the algorithm application does not require serious computing resources and takes seconds. The advantage of the developed algorithm is the ability to process images of an arbitrary length, due to the absence of fully connected layers in the CNN architecture.
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MEMS Latest Generation Digital Sensors - a Decisive Step in the Transition to Full Digital Data Recording
Authors N. Tellier and A. AbashkinSummaryThe quick development of broadband and high-density seismic acquisition methods is due to their recognition as effective means for acquiring datasets that prove rich enough not only to dramatically improve the seismic imaging, but also the overall reservoir characterization. Receiver arrays are progressively suppressed to preserve high-frequency signal, limit equipment inventory and facilitate its handling on the field. Single receiver / single source technologies are increasingly used. Full digital recording offers valuable high-fidelity seismic signal and provides an attractive platform for the industry transition towards higher trace densities and point receiver acquisitions. The prerequisites for the creation of end-to-end digital seismic recording channels have long been ripe. Analogs of similar transformations from other industries (telephony, sound recording, television, radio communication, etc.) tell us that the transition to the digit of the entire end-to-end recording path is possible and economically justified at the current stage of technological development of electronics. The present abstract provides an overview of MEMS sensor technology since the early 2000s, its advantages over geophone technology, analysis of the practice of using MEMS in seismic. The reasons for some conservative attitude towards MEMS over the past 15 years and prospects for further development will be discussed as well.
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Solubility Features of Dolomite Reservoirs in Hydrochloric Acid at Low Reservoir Temperatures
Authors S. Kuzmina and S. UrjadovSummaryLow-temperature carbonate deposits are typical for the territories of western Siberia. In conditions of low permeability, acid treatment of wells is a widely used method of stimulating the reservoir, but low reservoir temperatures have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the treatment.
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Isolation of Dolerite Intrusions by Borehole Magnetometry to Refine the Lithological Section of the Timan-Pechora Super-Deep Well
Authors G. Igolkina and O. HachaySummaryThe intrusions represented by gabbros - dolerites and dolerites of various structures in terms of magnetic susceptibility and magnetic field clearly stand out among the effusive-terrigenous and carbonate-terrigenous sediments of the Paleozoic Timan-Pechora super-deep well SG-5 (Timan-Pechora oil and gas province). In the conditions of a sedimentary section, the use of borehole magnetometry at depths of more than 3.5 - 5 km allows us to determine the actual position of dolerites in the section, their depth and thickness. Methods: for magnetometric studies at the Institute of Geophysics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, inclinometer and magnetometers were developed that allow continuous measurements of the magnetic susceptibility of rocks (?), the vertical component (Za) and the entire vector of the horizontal component (H) of the geomagnetic field; magnetic azimuth (Am) and zenith angle (f) of the well. The technique for processing and interpreting the magnetic properties of dolerite intrusions was also developed at the Institute of Geophysics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Results: the possibilities of borehole magnetometry method for studying the magnetic properties of dolerite intrusions and clarifying the lithological and stratigraphic characteristics of the Timan-Pechora super-deep well (SG-5) for assessing the oil and gas potential of the Silurian - Lower Devonian deposits at a depth below the gas condensate reservoir. Conclusions: the magnetic properties of dolerite intrusions in the natural occurrence are determined according to borehole magnetometry, namely, magnetic susceptibility, magnetic field and magnetization. A more accurate location of the roof and the bottom of dolerite intrusions was established, which made it possible to localize and determine their thickness in the section of the Timan-Pechora super-deep well at depths of more than 3.5 km. Keywords: super-deep borehole magnetometry, magnetic susceptibility, geomagnetic field, magnetization, dolerites, intrusions.
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Fracturing Investigation on the Example of Granite Massifs the Republic of Karelia using Geophysical Methods
Authors E. Isakova and T. MingalevaSummaryThe study of rock fractures is essential to determine not only the surface distribution of cracks but also the degree of internal cracking. In this regard, the study of fractures in the deposits of facing stone is one of the main, complex and demanding detailed research tasks.
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Studies of Epsonamerica Dumps Using Geophysical Methods
Authors E. Isakova and E. OrlovaSummaryWatering levees of epsonamerica characterizing the moisture content of the stored rock dump and the density of stacking determines the strength characteristics of phosphogypsum and allocated its varieties, and, as a consequence, the stability of the dump structures. Accordingly, to ensure its safe operation, measures are needed to reduce the water cut of the enclosing dams and prevent the release of filtration water to the lower slopes.
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The Solution of Direct and Inverse Problems of Seismotomography to Study Paleovalleys on the Territory of St. Petersburg
Authors E. Orlova and E. BelekhovaSummaryThis article is devoted to the assessment of physical and mechanical properties of soils subjected to deep-frozen, seismic-acoustic tomography in construction metro's. Complex engineering-geological conditions of the territory of St. Petersburg suggest the use of the underground construction method of artificial freezing soils'. The system of paleovalleys, folded moist unstable sand-clay deposits are a complicating factor in the construction of the subway.
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Full Azimuth Differential Seismic Facies Analysis (FACIVAZ) for Prediction of Oil Saturated Fractured Reservoirs
Authors A. Inozemtsev and Z. KorenSummaryThe traditional approach to seismic facies analysis using conventional stack cubes often gives an uncertain result and limits the possibility of reliable prediction of productive sections. This is because the seismic recording form in the stack data is the averaged result of the stacking of various traces from different azimuthal directions obtained from different angles of incidence-reflection. The report presents a new approach and the technology of full azimuthal differential seismic facies analysis (Facies analysis versus azimuth - FACIVAZ) with the use of full-azimuth seismic data to improve the accuracy of the qualitative prediction of oil-saturated zones into fractured reservoirs. The work (First Break, Vol 37, January, 2019) showed that in the fractured or fractured-porous reservoirs, distortions in the frequency composition of the reflected signals occur due to the azimuth-dependent effects of dispersion and absorption of seismic signals in oil-saturated fractured media. These frequency distortions ultimately affect on the trace shape depending on the azimuth of each ray’s pair. In the case of full-azimuth seismic exploration, using deep processing of pre-stack data in the local angle domain the change in the record trace form depending on the azimuth direction becomes especially noticeable and significant. This effects are registered in seismic record traces and are used in FACIVAZ technology for more accurate and reliable qualitative prediction of oil-saturated fractured zones into reservoirs. In the report are given the basis and the technological process of the proposed approach as well as real examples of using in seismic facies analysis in comparison with the traditional approach at two oil fields in CIS. In the azimuth-dependent interpretation of seismic facies, the degree of increasing the accuracy of the forecast was estimated using borehole information on well productivity. It is shown that the FACIVAZ technology increases lateral seismic facies field resolution and increases the accuracy of prediction of oil-saturated permeable reservoir zones in comparison with traditional technologies. FACIVAZ also increases the reliability of separating oil-saturated fractures from dry fractures and can be used both in combination with an integrated interpretation and in the task of operational support for drilling wells.
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The Forecast of the Diamond Content of the Region Based on KMA Materials
By D. SekerinaSummaryIn the area of the Kursk magnetic anomaly during geological and geophysical surveys, deep (5–10 km) foci of highly conductive objects were identified. The increased electrical conductivity of terrigenous formations, as well as the detailed high-precision aeromagnetic survey data, made it possible to identify geological and geophysical markers corresponding to the horizons of carbon- and sulfide-containing shales. That is why the forecast of the diamond content of the work area is a very relevant topic. The materials of this work are based on the following aspects: - primary geophysical processing of the magnetic field matrix data according to the M-37 map sheet; - drawing up a forecast map for the most promising areas of work; - consideration of alternative deposits associated with kimberlite pipes to create the most accurate idea of the possibility of detecting the same pipes in the KMA region.
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Simulation Investigation of Hydraulic Fracturing Process in the Oil Reservoirs
Authors M. Rezaei Koochi, A. Khormali and G. BahlakehSummaryHydraulic fracturing is one of the most common methods of formation treatment for increasing the production rate, which can effectively enhance the productivity index. Simulation of hydraulic fracturing before the actual operation can help have the more effective treatment. In this work, the fracture width, which can be crated during hydraulic fracturing process, was simulated depending on the time. In addition, the required injection pressure for an optimum operation was determined at various injection rates. Furthermore, the effect of rock permeability and proppant mass on the productivity index and oil production rate was investigated. The simulation results showed that the optimum injection rate for hydraulic fracturing process is 4 L/s. At this rate, the maximum injection pressure was about 14.3 MPa. Moreover, the highest amount of productivity index was observed at lower values of rock permeability.
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Basin Modeling of Petroleum System as a Decision-Making Tool in Exploration
By A. PolischukSummaryOne of the key tasks of exploration geologists in a petroleum company is to assess the resource base of its license blocks as the basis for planning an exploration strategy. The adequacy of such assessments determines the soundness of economic decisions and, ultimately, the successful development of the company. The main method here is a risk-based probabilistic assessment of resources which allows to predict both a possible number of discoveries when reviewing a targets portfolio, and the expected increase in resources. In this case, one of the key issues of such a methodology is to assess the likelihood of hydrocarbons in traps. Currently, this issue is being increasingly solved by a scientific method, combining the achievements of the organic theory of the naftides origin and a modern computer technology, i.e. basin modeling. The purpose of this work is to assess the Asset’s oil and gas potential based on 3D basin modeling, including the assessment of the probability of success of exploration drilling using a case study of a sedimentary basin in South America. This basin is an “atypical” petroleum system which experienced intense magmatism in the Mesozoic time.
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Mathematical Modeling of Thermohydrodynamic Processes in a Formation with Hydraulic Fracturing in a Fluid Injection Mode
Authors M. Zakirov, R. Valiullin, R. Sharafutdinov and I. NizaevaSummaryThe present work is devoted to the study of thermohydrodynamic processes in a well and formation to study the possibility of determination of operating intervals by temperature measurements in injection wells with hydraulic fractures in quasi-stationary injection mode.
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Full-Volume Seismic Interpretation – Strategic Innovation in Seismic Geology
Authors E. Lavrenova, V. Kerimov, V. Kosyanov, A. Gorbunov and R. MustaevSummaryContinuous development of acquisition and processing techniques of seismic data provides nowadays, subsurface images of very high quality and resolution even in complex geological environments. It enables to perform the very fine geological models. But seismic interpretation is still an intensive and time-consuming process based on manual picking or auto-tracking of single horizons. As a result, seismic data is not employed in its entirety. That is why so many efforts in recent years are focused to advance new seismic interpretation techniques, which aim not only to automate interpretation, to make it faster and more accurate, but to correlate seismic positions along geologic time lines to provide a continuous fully interpreted seismic volumes. Convenience of such approaches is not so much by the continuity of interpreted seismic volumes. However, continuity itself enables to estimate relative geologic age between of any two points of seismic volume and to obtain any number of equivalent time lines or surfaces. The point at issue is that we can get more geological information from seismic data and make our models more sophisticated to reduce uncertainties and exploration risks. In this work, we use new technology (SAI) to demonstrate advantages of full-volume seismic interpretation for exploration.
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Implementation of Disruptive Innovations in Exploration - Problems and Possible Ways of their Overcoming
Authors V. Kerimov, E. Lavrenova, V. Kosyanov, A. Gorbunov and R. MustaevSummaryConventional exploration is close to its technological capability limit. That is why disruptive innovation is the only way to obtain the desired level of efficiency. Oil companies understand the necessity of innovations. Nevertheless, transformation does not progress rapidly. This work aims to clarify the obstructive reasons and outline possible ways of their overcoming
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Typical Depositional Sequence of Middle Jurua Subformation in the Solimoes Basin, Brazil
Authors A. Khramtsova, A. Vilesov and M. LebedevSummaryBased on facies analysis of cores from five wells and sequence-stratigraphic modeling, 12 III-order sequences were separated in the Middle Jurua subformation, which have been combined into three II-order sequences (JR70, JR60, and JR50) and were traced laterally. The complete section of III-order sequence in Middle Jurua sediments includes (upward) alluvial and eolian sandstones (LST), normal marine limestones and secondary dolomites (TST), and lagoon, intertidal, and sebkha evaporites (HST). Facies maps of second-order sequences were built which will serve as the basis for planning new wells and predicting reservoir intervals. It has been established that the sandstones of eolian complexes in the eastern and central parts of the work area are characterized by the best reservoir properties.
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Features of the Temperature Field in a Well with a Multilayer System during Oil Degassing
Authors I. Kanafin, R. Sharafutdinov and R. ValiullinSummaryIn the process of oil production, the pressure in the well and reservoir can be reduced below the pressure of oil saturation with gas, in this case, oil degassing can occur both in the reservoir and the well, and only in the well. The study of mathematical models of the temperature field taking into account the Joule – Thomson effect and the adiabatic effect in the filtration of oil, water and carbonated oil in the reservoir is devoted to the work (Chekalyuk E. B., 1965; Hasan A. R. et al., 1988; Valiullin R. A. et al., 1994; Sharafutdinov R. F. et al., 2017). It is shown that the decisive contribution to the formation of a temperature anomaly at the outlet of the formation is provided by the heat of the phase transition during oil degassing. The paper discusses the features of the formation of the temperature field in the wellbore for a multi-layer system, taking into account the degassing of oil on the basis of mathematical modeling of thermohydrodynamic processes.
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Methodology of Construction of Detailed Digital Model of Structural Surface of the Crystal Foundation of Romashkin Oil Deposit
Authors A. Borisov, E. Andreeva, L. Anisimova, E. Nurieva and A. TitovSummaryGeological stock material on Romashkin oil field, classical method of convergence of structural surface construction, modern digital technologies allow to obtain new geological information and to highlight previously unknown tectonic elements.
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Mechanistic Investigation of in-situ W/O Emulsion Formation During Heavy Oil Waterflooding
Authors M. Salehpour, Z. Sakhaei, R. Salehi Nezhad, M. Riazi and M.R. MalayeriSummaryIn-situ water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion formation is considered as a non-negligible and unwanted issue during heavy oil waterflooding. Low ultimate oil recovery, oil viscosity increase, formation damage, abnormal pressure spikes during the production period and further separation difficulties are known as the major drawbacks of in-situ W/O emulsion formation. In order to overcome the foregoing complications, a precise survey about the mechanisms of in-situ W/O emulsion formation is required. In this work, a series of pore- or micro-scale waterfloodings at room condition along with high pressure and temperature coreflood experiment have been performed to investigate the associated mechanisms of in-situ W/O emulsion emergence in porous media and subsequent formation damage. The outcomes indicate that in-situ W/O emulations formation during high salinity waterflooding in heavy oil reservoirs causes unstable displacement process which yields early breakthrough of injected water at core-scale and low sweep efficiency. More investigations at pore-scale show that the snap-off, water shortcut and emulsion division are leading mechanisms causing viscous emulsion formation. Heterogeneity of porous media plays a key role in intensifying the consecutive W/O emulsion. These emulsions are stable during flooding period which could be ascribed to the natural surface-active components, such as asphaltenes that act as natural emulsifiers.
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Methodological Justification of Russian Galvanic and Electromagnetic Logs Joint Two-Dimensional Inversion with Vertical Resistivity Evaluation
Authors A. Petrov, C. Sukhorukova, O. Nechaev and M. EpovSummaryTwo-dimensional numerical inversion is widely used by leading foreign oilfield services companies to process electrical measurements from intervals of deposits with complex structure. However, its application for Russian electric logs processing is connected with difficulties caused by design features of the logging devices. Previously, we developed and presented software for joint two-dimensional inversion of high-frequency induction (VEMKZ/VIKIZ) and Russian lateral (BKZ) logs. This research is focused on methodological justification of the approach implemented in the software. Using high-precision numerical simulating of BKZ and VEMKZ/VIKIZ signals in three-dimensional models of anisotropic media, we determined the conditions of the two-dimensional piecewise-constant geoelectric model applicability and evaluated the effect of axial symmetry violation on the data processing results. The use of the approach is justified when the well deviates from the normal to the bedding surface up to 15 degrees. With the use of statistical modeling on synthetic and practical data, we have studied the accuracy of the model parameters evaluation. The results show good accuracy of practically significant parameters evaluation in typical for West Siberian terrigenous sections conditions. On the results of the practical data processing we show the advantage of the new approach over the traditional BKZ and VEMKZ/VIKIZ interpretation techniques.
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Pre-Jurassic Basement Tectonics and it's Impact on the Termal Regime of the Tromegan – Agan Interfluve’s Sedimentary Cover
Authors I. Panteleyko and E. RochevaSummaryThe results of refinement of the Tromegan- Agan interfluve fault – block structure are presented. The essential role of deep faults penetrating from the basement into the sedimentary cover in the formation of termal anomalies of the upper Jurassic sedimentations is proved. It is shown that termal anomalies can serve as indicators of fluid- conducting deep faults. The obtained data should be taken into account when searching for both traditional and non- traditional hydrocarbon fields
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Application of Synthesized Silver Nanofluid for Reduction of Oil-Water Interfacial Tension
Authors A. Khalilnejad, R. Lashkari, M. Iravani and O. AhmadiSummaryReduction of interfacial tension with the goal of acheiving miscibility was investigated in this research. The applicated nanoparticle in this research was silver nanoparticle, which was synthesized by green method.
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Assessment of Oil and Gas Potential of the Timan-Pechora Province According to the Results of Regional Geological Study
Authors O. Prischepa, Y. Nefedov and I. BorovikovSummaryThe comparison of hydrocarbon potential, estimated by the method of geological analogy and potential of the zones of oil and gas accumulation as part of oil and gas system showed significant differences for many areas and complexes, which makes to be more skeptical about residual potential of the traditionally rich systems and on the contrary to take a new look at the potential of previously minor geological features. Involvement in the geological study of areas with ambiguous capacity assessments in the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province, using the results and approaches that assess the hydrocarbon potential from genetic positions and the history of its preservation will bring together approaches to the prospects used by subsoil users and ensure the development of the raw material base of oil and gas, which in turn will contribute to the maintenance of production in the region in the long term. An adequate assessment of the oil and gas potential of the region is necessary as for the long-term planning and expansion of licensing areas by state structures that manage subsoil use, and for companies that develop their presence to make fair management decisions.
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Relative Permeability Curves Reversing Behavior
Authors A. Galechan and V. KadetSummaryThe Plastic percolation model of relative permeability allows to note that the behavior of relative permeability curves for power-law fluids depends on differential pore radius distribution function. It was marked that with average pore radius decrease the following tendencies were observed: pseudoplastic fluids relative permeability decreased while dilatant fluids relative permeability increased. This effect was called relative permeability curves reversing behavior. It has physical background but needs experimental confirmation. If it is confirmed there will be the possibility of optimal flooding fluid choice and reservoir development regime correction in case of reservoir fluids rheology data presence.
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Using 3D Seismic Data for Well Drilling Support - Methodological Features and Practical Examples
Authors A. Kozyaev, T. Kurash, R. Fazylov, A. Korotysheva and S. OnuchinSummaryThe work is aimed at generalization the existing methodological developments in the field of using 3D seismic data at the field development stage. As an example, practical examples are given for three objects with different geological conditions. Two objects confined to terrigenous sediment and one represented by carbonate rocks of Proterozoic age. Various methods of analysis of 3D seismic data are used, which include such popular areas as seismic facies analysis, spectral decomposition, analysis of the scattered component of the wave field, inversion, etc. As a result of the analysis of significant experience in the implementation of seismic and geological monitoring at objects with different geological structures, the main goals and sequence of such work are formed. Recommendations are given on the specific scope of work at each stage, methodological features of each stage are described.
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Use of Seismic Modelling to Develop Optimal Processing Procedures for Investigation of Pre-Jurassic Formations
SummaryIn this paper, we present a technology of seismic processing optimization based on full wavefield modelling. We focused on the pre-Jurassic formation of the Tomsk region. First, we designed the model, where we include for typical objects, such as the effusive complex, the organogenic structures, the elements of the weathering crust, cavernous\fractured limestone, cavernous bauxites, and the acidic intrusions. Second, we simulated full-azimuth seismic data for extremely dense acquisition system with the fold of up to 1000. Next, we applied the quality control procedures to confirm that simulated data can be used for the processing, inversion and imaging.
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Hydrocarbon Traps Prognosis of Paleozoic Deposits Based on the 3D Seismic Data (by the Example of O Field)
Authors A. Pozdeeva, A. Volkova and V. MerkulovSummaryCarbonate rocks are typically characterized by low porosity and permeability, but secondary porosity formation in these rocks can improve the recovery of oil. To solve these problems it is proposed to determination of fractured zones and lithology by seismic attributes. The combined use of seismic facies characteristics and fracture distribution in the study area made it possible to obtain forecast maps. Based on these forecast maps were given recommendations for further development.
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Modelling of Fractured Media with the Help of the LSM Model by the Grid-Characteristic Method
Authors P. Stognii and N. KhokhlovSummarySeismic prospecting is a very effective method for investigating different geological media on the presence of hydrocarbon layers. Fractures are often a barrier on the way of exploration of the chosen area. Numerical modelling is one of the ways of solving the problem of investigating the area with fractures. Many scientific works are devoted to studying fractures, there are lots of models for fractures of different length, width. But still, there is no single model for describing fractures. One of the most popular and effective fracture models is the LSM model (Linear Slip Model) of Shoenberg, where a fracture is described by two parameters — length and stiffness. The grid-characteristic method is applied to modelling wave processes. It is quite good for solving the problems of wave impulse spread in heterogenious media. The result of this work is the introduction of the LSM model into the grid-characteristic method. The results of modelling the elastic waves spread in a homogeneous medium with the Shoenberg fracture are compared with modelling a fracture represented by a two-shore extremely thin fracture model. The LSM model is more general, then the result of comparison is very close for the degenerate case of the LSM model.
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Compass for Structural Interpretation (CSI) A Tool for Uncertainty Management in Subsurface Interpretation
By P. KraemerSummaryThe Compass for Structural Interpretation (CSI) is a web-based collaborative tool created to promote more efficient uncertainty management. It was designed to offer the structural interpreter the opportunity to engage on activities that promote bias mitigation and reinforce the application of effective interpretation techniques, such as a-Discussion with colleagues and use of alternative interpretation b-Access to a range of seismic / outcrop examples and experienced colleagues c-Exposition of interpreters to a wealth of sand box experiments and d-Use of a wide range of interpretation and validation techniques. The design of tools to mitigate uncertainties on each knowledge area (structural geology, sedimentology, petrophysics, and reservoir engineering) is a specialized task that only the members of each community of practice can perform. However, the corporative encouragement to create uncertainty mitigation tools and its enforcement along the project sanction processes is a responsibility that remains entirely at corporate level. The slow and late application of the analysis of cognitive biases in uncertainty management is not a minor issue as some expert opinions suggest that the inadequate management of uncertainty is a root cause of low E&P performance at every scale.
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Determining the Wells for Stimulation Treatments using Machine Learning
Authors A. Raztdinov, M. Salimov, M. Kharisov and A. KornevSummaryImplementation of Information Technologies allows increasing the efficiency of the data analysis to support decisions on optimization of oil and gas production. Commonly, the process of determining the wells for stimulation treatments includes a time consuming and tedious step-by-step comprehensive analysis of borehole and production data of each well. Data Mining and Machine Learning are powerful tools for solving this issue. Using Fuzzy Logic with Genetic Optimization allows processing huge amount of data to uncover new patterns and knowledge from existing parameters. Taking into account borehole and production data, a map of the workover potential efficiency is created. Using Data Mining and Machine Learning can reduce the time and risks in the decision making process in the field of optimization of oil and gas production by applying an Intelligent Assistant that allows assessing the workover potential efficiency.
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Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Potential of Eastern Kamchatka by the Results of Modern Geologycal-Geophysical Researches
More LessSummaryA large amount of geological researches has been carried out on the land and offshore of the Kamchatka over the past decade. On the land of Eastern Kamchatka, two parametric wells were drilled – Liginmynskaya (2012) and Ust-Kamchatskaya (2017). In the period from 2012 to 2017, comprehensive geological and geophysical researches were carried out in the Bering sea, covering the Khatyr, Anadyr, Olyutor and Ilpin sedimentary basins, and also on the offshore of the East Kamchatka basin and the Northern part of the Kuril Islands in the Pacific ocean.
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Prediction of promising zones of development of reservoir rocks of the Bazhenov formation based on a comprehensive study of their composition and geological structure
Authors D. Spiridonov and V. KolpakovSummaryThe paper presents the results of lithological analysis of rocks, characterizes the properties and composition of organic matter, identifies potential reservoirs. The results of well testing in the study area and beyond are analyzed. The object of research is the deposits of the Bazhenov suite of licensed areas of LLC LUKOIL-Western Siberia, tectonically confined to the Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk arches of the central part of the West Siberian Plate.
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Russian Lateral Logs in Thin-Layered and Anisotropic Formations: Numerical Simulation and Inversion Results
Authors K. Sukhorukova, A. Petrov, O. Nechaev and I. SurodinaSummaryRussian lateral logging is widely used in Russia to evaluate formations resistivity, but the behaviour of these logs in complex enviroments is still unclear. In sedimentary sections, some formations are interbedding of two rocks with different resistivity, as a result a quasiperiodic layered structure arises. In this case we need to understand how to divide layered sequence into separate layers, and in which cases we can consider it as one anisotropic layer. To answer this question, we performed 2D numerical simulation of the lateral logs, which are sensitive to the vertical resistivity. Models contain a ~5m periodic sequence composed of interlayers. 2D inversion of the simulated logs results in anisotropic parameters close to the values calculated analytically for the periodic structure, even if a large interlay period causes significant logs oscillations. We also simulated lateral logs in a 3D model, which includes a thinly-layered formation crossed by a highly deviated well filled with a low-resistivity mud. Permeable layers contain invaded zones. Logs inversion results to obtaining average geometric mean of the equivalent anisotropic layer horizontal and vertical resistivities. This value corresponds to the dependences known for the gradient probe signal lying in the bedding plane of a homogeneous anisotropic medium.
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Isolation of Brine Aquifers in Carbonate Rocks of Above-Salt Sediments by a Limited Set of Geophysical Studies of Wells
Authors N. Danileva, S. Danilev and N. BolshakovaSummaryThis article is devoted to the method of separation of brine aquifers by complex of geophysical studies of wells in carbonate rocks. The complex geological structure and limited geophysical techniques make it difficult to isolate and trace brine aquifers. There is a need to develop a methodology for the allocation of these horizons for a limited set of geophysical studies of wells with the mandatory allocation of the reference horizon in the section of wells.
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Development of a Pulsed Electromagnetic Sounding Method for Studying the Bazhenov Formation
Authors M. Nikitenko, V. Glinskikh, M. Epov, D. Gornostalev, K. Danilovskiy and I. MikhaylovSummaryThe work is devoted to fundamental research aimed at the theoretical justification of an electromagnetic method for extracting electrophysical and structural information on the Bazhenov Formation as a unique oil-bearing stratum. The current lack of a common approach to its development, as well as the poor efficiency of the existing techniques for interpreting conventional geophysical methods data, necessitates the creation of new breakthrough technologies. We propose a method of pulsed sounding, which has a considerable depth of investigation and can be used in both well logging and crosshole measurements for identifying lateral heterogeneities and spatial localization of oil-promising zones in the interwell region. To study the electrophysical properties of the rocks exposed by subvertical, deviated and subhorizontal wells, highly efficient algorithmic and software tools were developed. They enable simulating pulsed sounding data and estimating the resolution of an observation system. We performed the numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis of the signals in typical models of the Bazhenov Formation, and showed that the new sounding method provides the capability of lateral tracking the top and bottom of the Bazhenov Formation, as well as studying the transition zone in the overlying and underlying deposits.
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Complicated Salt Strata Influence on the Seismo-Geological Model of Subsalt Structures in the Kaliningrad Region
Authors A. Barancev, I. Kerusov, R. Boyarkin, A. Obolenskaya, E. Kalinina, A. Akulenko and O. GubachevSummaryThe report is devoted to the problem of complex geological objects influence on the seismo-geological model of underlying depositions. Complicated salt layer in the Kaliningrad region was studied as an example. Different methods of time-to-depth conversion under foregoing conditions were compared. It was noted that interpretation of prestack depth migration results in depth domain is the most appropriate under complicated seismo-geological conditions. Considering the situation it should be mentioned that in order to obtain the reliable result of deep migration, special attention should be paid to the creation of correct depth velocity model.
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Diffraction Images and their Topological Analysis for Localization and Characterization of Fracture Zones by Seismic Data: from Theory to Practice
Authors M. Protasov and Y. BazaikinSummaryThe paper presents a technique for localization and characterization of fractured zones by seismic data. The developed technique combines the diffraction imaging and topological analysis of diffraction images. The testing results for realistic synthetic model and real seismic data demonstrate possibility for a reliable restoration of the statistical characteristics of the fractured zones.
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Geological Modeling, as a Means to Search for New Objects on the Example of the Sudovitskoe Field
By E. ShevelevSummaryThe use of geological models as a means for identifying new promising areas for the discovery of deposits within already discovered fields
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3D Scattering Imaging in Time Domain based on Asymmetric Summation: Real Data Application
Authors M. Protasov, V. Tcheverda, G. Reshetova, D. Petrov, V. Shilikov and A. LedyaevSummaryWe present 3D scattering waves imaging procedure based on the use of velocity model in time domain. This procedure gives the possibility to construct selective images corresponding to different directions of incident and scattering energy propagation. We tested the approach on realistic synthetic data greeted for 3D geological model, containing typical diffraction objects: faults, caves and fracture corridors. Approbation of the developed approach was provided on several real data from Eastern Siberia.
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Arctic Marine Electromagnetic Sounding
Authors V. Mogilatov, P. Osipova and A. ZlobinskiySummaryMarine geoelectromagnetic soundings with artificial sources is strongly hampered by the influence of a conductive layer of seawater. It is known, in practice, only one broad, successful application of electrical exploration – in the form of CSEM. However, the method has annoying limitations-the need to dive the installation to the bottom of the deep (more than 1000 m) sea and huge distances (up to 15 km). In the sea, covered with ice, and this method is not applicable. The possibility of deep sounding from the sea surface, and, therefore, from the ice surface arises if you use the TM-polarization field. Such a field in its pure form is generated by a vertical electric line (VEL) or a circular electric dipole (CED). VEL has known drawbacks even when used at sea. At the same time, the efficiency of CED is preserved in one-dimensional and three-dimensional situations, in frequency and time mode. Moreover, with the help of three-dimensional mathematical modeling, we show that the installation of CED is most effective on the sea surface. Thus, for electromagnetic sounding from the ice surface in the Arctic, under the condition of long-term ice drift, the use of CED is optimal and, in fact, there is no alternative. The experience of the NP stations showed that during the drift the station goes a long way in the Arctic regions, where information about the geology of the bottom is extremely scarce. Nowadays, it is planned to organize new drifting stations on the basis of ice-resistant self-propelled platform (LSP), which gives the prospect of geophysical research in the Arctic, including electromagnetic sensing, a new reality. In addition to general questions, the paper develops a three-dimensional mathematical apparatus for the established CED field in the born approximation, which is quite adequate in the conditions of the conducting section, in the presence of deep local inhomogeneities, and also considers the results of experiments with the installation of CED on the ice of the Ob reservoir.
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Anisotropy of Scattered Waves as a Tool for Prognosis the Fracture Direction of Carbonate Reservoir
Authors A. Melnik, D. Petrov and A. TuzovskySummaryFor effective development of carbonate reservoirs, it is necessary to reliably determine fracture direction in space. So specialists of LLC «RN-KrasnoyarskNIPIneft» developed a method for prognosis primary orientation of fracture by identifying seismic scattered waves. The paper shows the successful application of the methodology for determining the preferential direction of fracture at points, which is used for laying the project wellbore. Also, an areal analysis of anisotropy of scattered waves was proposed by the example of one of the fields in Eastern Siberia.
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Application of Truncated SVD Method to Regularize the Inverse Dynamic Seismic Problem
By A. VasilenkoSummaryOne of the statements of the inverse dynamic seismic problem is to find a velocity model of an elastic medium from the data recorded during field work. To solve this problem, the full waveform inversion method is used, which consists in minimizing the functional that measures the difference between observed seismic data and modelled ones. Minimization is reduced to an iterative process, which involves solving an algebraic system of equations. The matrix of this system turns out to be ill-conditioned. Thus, for its inversion it is necessary to apply regularization, which is based on truncated SVD.
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Prediction of Petroelastic Properties of Rocks Based on Machine Learning
Authors G. Vakhitova and A. KhayrullinSummaryThe research is related to the need for seismic modeling of Western Siberia oil deposits in order to clarify geological cross-sections and structures of oil deposits. In order to qualitatively match seismic data and a geological section and then interpret them, it is necessary to have acoustic and density log data in all wells. The presence of these data and their quality are of particular importance in solving problems of seismic inversions. But in some wells, these data are missing or of very poor quality. Thus, we need to restore the acoustic and density logs using other well logging data. Paper presents the results obtained by using neural networks. Neural networks are an effective data processing mechanism for predicting results of various kinds. This technology was applied in this research to predict the petrophysical properties of the formation. The prediction of interval time and density was made. The results agree with the initial data for the cross-section. The elastic parameters are calculated for seismic modeling. Their comparison made it possible to separate the rocks according to lithotypes into reservoirs and non-reservoirs and to construct structural maps taking into account the refinement of the distribution of reservoirs over the field area.
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New Age, Kolmogorov Full Functional Neural Network Usage for Nonlinear Predictive Seismic Inversion
By I. PriezzhevSummaryThe proposed new nonlinear technique based on full functional Kolmogorov neural network for the well log prediction using several seismic cubes and low-frequency model allows for getting high-resolution results. Application of Kolmogorov full functional neural network makes it possible to achieve a high level of freedom deep learning operator with only one hidden layer. The learning procedure is based on hybrid technique using Kolmogorov’s superposition theorem and genetic approach with A. N. Tikhonov regularization.
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The Effect of Saturation on Acoustic Properties of Carbonate Rocks
Authors E. Ziganshin, I. Nugmanov, D. Zaitsev, F. Husnutdinov, V.E. Kosarev and E.A. YachmenevaSummaryGiven the fact that huge volumes of world oil and gas reserves are contained in carbonate reservoirs, laboratory studies of the elastic properties of fluid-saturated carbonates are an area of research of great importance. In this paper, we consider the problem of the influence of pore fluid on the acoustic properties of carbonate rocks. The aim of the work was to identify changes in acoustic properties upon saturation. The P and S wave velocities were measured on 53 dry and saturated core samples. The velocities of 22 samples were measured during drying, at a saturation of 100, 75, 50, 25% and in a completely dry state. As a result, it was found that the S wave does not change upon saturation. P wave as expected increased at saturation. The effect of hysteresis of the P wave upon drying of the sample was also revealed. When saturated from 100 to 25%, the speed did not change, and when dried from 25 to 0%, the speed sharply decreased. This is due to the presence of “stiff” and “soft” pores in the rock samples. When drying, rounded stiff pores dry out first, so the speed does not change. Micropores and cracks then dry, and the speed decreases. This assumption was confirmed by lithological and microscopic studies on thin sections.
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Assessment of the Relationship Between Fracturing and Fault Tectonics of Paleozoic Deposits
Authors K. Diakov and D. KonoshonkinSummaryNumerous observations on outcrops, as well as theoretical considerations, confirm the effect of first-generation fractures on second-generation fractures. Parameters of fractures of the second generation are associated with a modified stress field due to previously formed fractures. To date, software products have been developed that allow the calculation of changes in the stress field due to previously formed fractures or faults. However, a large number of factors affect the predictive ability: such as the nature of fractures, the accuracy of estimating the parameters of first-generation fractures, the quality of the initial data etc. In this project, it is proposed to assess the possibility of predicting the second generation fracturing from the available data on the first-generation faults. During the study, the relationship between fractures of the first and second generations was confirmed. However, the zone of influence of the preexisting fractures significantly depends on the specific stress ratio in certain periods of time, which not easily could be predicted and is the main sources of the uncertainties. Also, the 3D BEM has some limitations and assumptions. Hence, the actual predictability of the second-generated faults and fractures is low and could be performed in a very limited area.
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