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Saint Petersburg 2020
- Conference date: November 16-19, 2020
- Location: Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Published: 16 November 2020
51 - 100 of 134 results
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Simulation of Mineral Scale Formation in Injection Wells During Low Salinity/Smart Water Injection
Authors S. Hosseini, A. Kalantariasl and F. TaleSummaryRecently low salinity and smart/engineered waterflooding is concern, where a compositional injection water injects through the reservoir and it may has been some reactions with anions and cations which exist in brine and totally cause deposition and precipitation of scale minerals in reservoir, wellbores and all paths which these waters flow (Sorbie et al. 2000). Engineered water injection (EWI) is optimized in composition and suable for injection into the reservoir for improving oil recovery through different mechanisms especially wettability alteration(Adegbite et al. 2017). As the water is being injected into the reservoir, its thermodynamic condition varies are negligible because in the reservoir, temperature and pressure consider fix but the most important note which is different mixing ratio of brine/injection water while vary by the time. In this paper we have tried to model scale precipitation and deposition within injection of EWI from surface to bottom of the well which we considered pressure and temperature gradients in order to defining change in temperature and pressure. By the time it had been performed to model scale precipitation and deposition where the injection water composition vary in specialized PV in a core by coupling geochemical software (PHREEQC) with MATLAB
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Microseismic Monitoring of Active Fracture Zones as an Instrument of Forecasting the Disjunctive Break and Deconsolidation Zones at the Mines
Authors I. Sharapov, A. Saetgaraev, S. Oganovsky, S. Feofilov, V. Ryzhov and I. NigmatovSummaryFor the first time at the oil mines of Yarega, microseismic monitoring of active natural fracture zones has been conducted on the areas of mining operations, planned for the period 2018–2020 for the purpose of assessment of microseismic activity in a planned depth interval of the penetration of mining, highlighting areas with the largest microseismic activity, mapping the preferential directions of fracture and prediction of the position of the fractures and deconsolidation zones associated with disjunctive breaks. The result is maps of the intersection of project mining with the predictive discontinuous (disjunctive) faults according to microseismic monitoring given the project depth marks of mining and the allocation of areas of possible caving with the ranking according to risk (low, medium, high). The coincidence of position of prospective disjunctive breaks and areas of risk of caving according to the microseismic monitoring results with actual complications recorded during mining allows claiming about the possibility of prediction of complications before carrying out mining operations on oil mines on the basis of microseismic monitoring. Microseismic monitoring of active zones of natural fracturing may be used for the design of mining operations and events in the process of mining with for the purpose of preventing emergencies and reducing the risks of caving.
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Vector Acoustic Full Waveform Inversion: Connection to Inverse Wavefield Extrapolation and Implication for Image Resolution
Authors P. Zheglova and A. MalcolmSummaryVector acoustic full waveform inversion (VAFWI) directly inverts vector data consisting of pressure and particle displacement components in the acoustic formulation. This allows us to take advantage of the directional information contained in the vector data at the cost of conventional full waveform inversion (FWI). We connect VAFWI gradient calculation to inverse wavefield extrapolation and show that this results in preservation of the low frequency content of the data during the inversion, and increase in image resolution compared to the conventional FWI.
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Convolutional Neural Network for Facies Classification and Oil Detection
Authors T. Gadaev, V. Dokholyan, K. Tushin, A. Salamatsin and A. GoncharovSummaryNeural network approach was proposed to the task of oil search and facies classification based on well logging data. We suggest an appropriate neural network architecture for this data. Our method demonstrates high validation accuracy on both problems.
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Accounting of Parameters of Mud Cake in Interpretation of Geoelectric Well Logs on the Example of Jurassic Oil Collector
Authors D. Evmenova, I. Yeltsov and N. GolikovSummaryThe mud cake on a well wall is formed in process of penetration of filtrate of drilling mud into layer. Porosity and permeability of cake have a considerable impact on a radial profile of specific electrical resistance. Experimental studies will help to determine these parameters and to establish their dependence on properties of layer and drilling mud. The work is devoted to the description of the installation for experimental study of the process of formation and properties of mud cake and the main results.
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Prediction of Fracture Parameters of the Bazhenov Formation using its Digital Twin
Authors V. Cheverda, V. Lisitsa, M. Protasov, G. Reshetova, M. Salischev, D. Sjemin, M. Pervunin, S. Jigulsky, Y. Pavlovsky and M. TarakanovskySummaryThe object of the research is a three-dimensional digital seismic-geological model of a real geological object and the corresponding field observations, both by the method of vertical seismic profiling and surface acquisition. The purpose of the work is as follows: 1. Construction of a digital structural model and its verification by comparing field observations and individual synthetic data sets; 2. Constructing a synthetic data set for a structural model for an areal excitation and registration system with a given overlap; 3. Construction of a model of a fractured medium based on the use of DFN and application of the concept of ideal seismic images. 4. Calculation of total wave fields for a fractured medium and analysis of the contribution made by the presence of fracturing.
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Reconstruction of the Acoustic Emission Events in a Core Sample by Time Reversal Mirror
Authors G. Reshetova, A. Anchugov and V. PozdnyakovSummaryThe paper presents the results of laboratory experiments and numerical modeling for solving the problem of acoustic emission event recovery. The equations of the dynamic theory of elasticity in the polar coordinate system were used as a mathematical model. For reconstructing acoustic emission events Time Reverse Mirror approach with total energy imaging was used. The simulation results made it possible to evaluate a number of basic characteristics for the configuration of a multichannel data acquisition system, the frequency of the acoustic emission signals, to determine the required number of recording channels and the position of the sensors in the core.
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About the Possibility of Using Smoke Gases (Industry Waste Gases) for Increasing the Oil Recovery Factor
Authors I. Gorjanc and S. MigunovaSummaryAchieving a high ORF is the primary task of all oil and gas companies. This issue is particularly acute in reservoirs with high geological heterogeneity. Justification of effective technologies that increase the production of oil reserves from reservoirs, and are aimed at reducing the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere – are the most important tasks in the present era. Carbon dioxide, most commonly found in industrial emissions, is believed to be the main culprit for global warming. This work is devoted to the substantiation of the efficiency of the gas method of EOR. Carbon dioxide, which is both a concomitant component of oil and is an industrial waste from the gas processing plant, is proposed as the injection agent. The paper substantiates the technology to reduce the cost of gas preparation for injection into the reservoir. The objectives of this work are: review of world experience in the use of gas EOR methods; identification of conditions for the use of secondary resources to increase the ORF; study experience in the use of secondary gases at the field M ; study of the behavior of the parameters of development at the selected field; improvement of gas treatment technology for EOR.
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Study of the Viscosity of Synthetic Bitumen Oil and the Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on It
Authors E. Marfin, M. Gabdukaev, A. Abdrashitov and R. GataullinSummaryThe paper presents the results of an experimental study of the temperature dependences of the viscosity of synthetic oil and the influence of ultrasonic effects on it. The effect of the oil component composition on the efficiency of ultrasonic treatment was investigated. Synthetic oil was a mixture of mineral oil with bitumen, the concentration of which ranged from 2% to 70%. The experimental data were obtained using a SV-10 vibrating viscometer; ultrasonic processing was carried out at a frequency of 22 kHz with an intensity of 10 W/cm2. It was established that the ultrasonic effect on the created oil samples as a whole leads to a decrease in viscosity. The maximum effect of viscosity reduction is observed at high temperatures and is more than 30%. With a low content of bitumen in oil, the effect of ultrasound is negative - the viscosity of the oil increases. The largest decrease in viscosity over the entire temperature range is observed in oil with a mass content of bitumen equal to 25% and averages 18.6%. The results can be used to improve the method of ultrasonic treatment of oil during its production and transportation.
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Multiparameter Data-Space Reflectivity Full Waveform Inversion in Complex Geology
Authors K. Gadylshin and V. CheverdaSummaryA reliable numerical method to solve inverse dynamic problem for elastic waves equation is proposed. This method is based on nonlinear least-squares formulation which is widely known as Full Waveform Inversion (FWI). The key issue on this way is correct reconstruction of macrovelocity component of the model with input seismic data without time frequencies less than 5–7Hz and reasonable source–recievers offsets. To provide correct macrovelocity reconstruction we introduce modified elastic FWI formulation which is sensitive to smooth space variations of both Vp- and Vs-velocity distributions
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Numerical Study of Chemical Fluid-Solid Interaction on Pore-Scale
Authors T. Khachkova, V. Lisitsa, K. Gadylshina and Y. BazaikinSummaryWe present a numerical algorithm for the reactive transport simulation at the pore scale. The algorithm is based on the direct evaluation of the pore-to-matrix interface evolution due to chemical fluid-solid interaction. Using this algorithm we performed a series of numerical experiments simulating various physical and chemical conditions. After that we estimated the changes in the pore space topology and illustrated that these topological measure can be used to characterize completely different core matrix dissolution regimes, with different porosity-to-permeability-to-tortuosity correlations.
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Statistical Justification of Seismic Facies Analysis of Complex Carbonate Reservoir
Authors A. Volkova, K. Chuchalina and V. MerkulovSummarySeismic facies analysis is one of the methodological approaches to the study of the geological structure of the field, and at present it is a standard part of the interpretation process. Seismic facies analysis plays an important role in the process of seismic and geological monitoring, which is carried out at the stage of field development. A comprehensive interpretation of seismic and well data allows predicting at a qualitative level lithofacial variability in local areas, which contributes to a more rational placement of production wells. The prompt receipt of geological information allows to refine the facies model with each new well, refine the reservoir distribution contours, find new relationships between the structure of the geological environment and seismic image variations, and make more accurate subsequent predictions. The main purpose of applying various algorithms to extract facies is to reduce the ambiguity of the geological interpretation of geophysical fields.
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Paleogeographic Criteria for Prediction of Oil and Gas Potential of Jurassic Sediments of Western Siberia
Authors V. Shimansky, N. Taninskaya, E. Raevskaya, I. Nizyaeva, N. Vasilev, I. Gizdatullina, M. Grislina and K. ZundeSummaryBased on extensive material paleogeographic reconstructions of Jurassic sediments were carried out, sedimentation conditions were determined and oil and gas potential within the West Siberian oil and gas basin was assessed. Paleogeographic maps compiled for the Lower Jurassic (late Toarcian), the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian, Bathonian, Callovian) and the Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian, Kimmeridgian) productive complexes. Sedimentation criteria for the distribution of reservoir rocks are revealed, zones of development of improved reservoirs associated with channel and delta complexes are determined. New studies allowed to significantly clarify and detail the overall picture of paleogeographic development and identify the stages of formation of the Jurassic sedimentation basin for the entire territory of Western Siberia. On the basis of paleogeographic reconstructions, the forecast zones of formation of reservoir rocks are determined and the resource potential of Jurassic deposits within the unallocated subsoil fund is estimated.
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Integration Results of Processing Seismic Data using VPRTM Method with Logging Data to Improve the Efficiency of Solving Geological Problems
Authors E. Anokhina and G. ErokhinSummaryThe VPRTM seismic data processing method is based on full vector wave field decomposition. The change in petrophysical properties, expressed by changes in the logs, is expressed in anomalies of attributes calculated by the VPRTM method. Depending on the assigned geological tasks, it is possible to select the VPRTM attributes suitable for their solution.
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An Experimental Study of the Influence of the Earth's Magnetic Field on the Transient Process in a Geological Environment
Authors V. Mogilatov, V. Potapov, A. Shein, V. Gurev and P. OsipovaSummaryThe results of field experiments to detect the Hall effect during earth sounding by the method of establishing the electromagnetic field are considered. We are talking about the problem of interaction of the earth's magnetic field and secondary currents in geoelectromagnetic sounding, which was previously considered only theoretically. This interaction, in particular, is manifested in the effective anisotropy of the conductivity of rocks caused by the appearance of the Hall’s conductivity, which can be considered as a new geoelectric parameter, closely related to the material composition of the geological medium. The article analyzes the signals received by a special electrical installation and assesses the Hall’s conductivity. The experimental material was obtained in the field season of 2018, and confirmed and supplemented in the work of 2019. We also attempt to explain the signals of a new method of sounding becoming (vertical electric current soundings). VECS has already been repeatedly used for delineation of deposits, and systematically a successful result was obtained in the form of a unipolar signal anomaly over the deposit. Analysis of field signals definitely indicates that they are generated by a modified host thickness above the deposit (halo). This is a significant, favorable experimental fact, very confidently confirmed in various fields, but it has not yet been possible to explain it. So we propose this time to consider the possible influence of the Earth's magnetic field.
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Numerical Analysis of Mesoscale Fracture Connectivity Effect on Seismic Attenuation in Fractured Porous Fluid-Saturated Media
Authors M. Novikov and V. LisitsaSummaryIn our study, we investigate the correlation between seismic attenuation and fracture connectivity in fractured porous fluid-saturated media. In particular, wave-induced fluid flow attenuation mechanism manifests itself between fracture-filling material and background as well as within intersecting fractures. To estimate seismic wave attenuation concerning fracture connectivity, we first statistically generate fracture networks with different percolation length through whole fracture system. Then we perform numerical modeling of plane wave propagation within generated models. Using resulting wavefields, we numerically estimate frequency-dependent attenuation. Both cases of high-permeable and almost non-permeable background are considered. Results show that the dominant parameter affecting attenuation is fracture connectivity. However, attenuation increase with connectivity increase is caused by intensifying fracture-to-background WIFF, while fracture-to-fracture WIFF remains local and depends mostly on local fracture connectivity.
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Seismic Data Acquisition in the North of Volgograd Region - Using Different Seismic Sources to Minimize Exclusion Zones
Authors V. Belyaev, M. Stollenwerk and A. FirsovSummaryThe article is on seismic data acquisition using different seismic sources to minimize exclusion zones
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Interfacial Interactions Between Dolomite/Brine/Gypsum using Surface Energy Approach
Authors L. Mahmoodi, A.H. Nikoo, M.R. Malayeri and A. KalantariaslSummaryThe deposition of inorganic matters onto rock surfaces emanates from the interfacial interactions present in the scale/brine/rock system. Accordingly, the experimental work of this study investigates the incompatibility of the cationic and anionic brines with/without dolomite rock at elevated temperature. For doing so, the anionic brine included 6500 ppm ?SO?_4^(2-) is mixed with three different cationic solutions which possess 3000, 6000 and 9000 ppm ?Ca?^(2+), respectively. The observed findings imply that more gypsum deposits are obtained with increasing the salinity of the mixed brines. The same trend is also observed for the understudy system containing dolomite rocks. The outcome of the simulating geochemical software (PHREEQC) validates the experimental observations. However, incomplete dissolution and non-equilibrium conditions can be sought to address the difference between experimental and simulated consequences. From theoretical stand point of view, the extended DLVO theory states that the Lewis acid-base interaction energy dominates the intermolecular interactions in the gypsum/brine/dolomite system which otherwise shows reasonable agreement with the observed results. In other words, the behavior of the system can be rationalized through polar intermolecular interactions rather than dispersion.
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Assessment of Green Scale Inhibitors for Calcite and Gypsum Deposition
Authors L. Mahmoodi, M.R. Malayeri and A. KalantariaslSummaryDeposition of calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate mineral scales is the major problem encountering to the oil industry. Indeed, these salts exist and co-precipitate in the system of seawater injection for the purpose of EOR. For a long time, scale adhesion has been a matter of much attention. Instead of difficult scale removal, it seems that scale inhibition can be a suitable alternative, as prevention is better than cure! This paper investigates the inhibition efficiency of calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate through two distinct green scale inhibitors (SI), (A) and (B). The experimental results acclaim that (A) has high efficiency on both calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate, though (B) has more significant inhibition efficiency on calcium carbonate compared to calcium sulfate, at the similar condition of green SI dosage. Obtained scales were analyzed by filtration gravimetrical method as well as X-Ray diffraction (XRD). As it can be drawn from XRD, nearly 80% calcite and 60% gypsum would be inhibited in the absence of SI (A) using the dosage of 300 mg/L. Besides, the SI (B) inhibits 20% calcite and 10% gypsum. To sum up, more SI (B) would be required.
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The Accuracy of Seismic Forecast is the Key to Successful Drilling of Horizontal Wells
Authors T. Yurkina and I. MalykhinaSummaryThe paper presents an interdisciplinary approach to using the results of the interpretation of seismic data when accompanying the drilling of horizontal wells, which allows predicting the presence of a fault in the profile path of a horizontal well, an initial assessment of the bedding parameters and the amplitude of the fault plane. The forecast accuracy of the structural framework allows a more prepared approach to drilling a horizontal well. The paper shows the possibilities of using seismic results, allowing to perform work on the optimal wiring of a drilling tool within an oil-saturated formation. This view will be of interest to specialists in the design and construction of horizontal wells. An integrated approach to ensuring the drilling process, reducing or minimizing the risks of formation loss can be applied to any field being developed.
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Analysis of Wellbore Resonance Effects on Acoustic Noise Characteristics in Gas Producers
Authors D. Mikhailov, N. Mutovkin and I. SofronovSummaryMeasurements of acoustic noise in production logging are aimed at locating well casing leakage, crossflow behind casing, fluid/gas inflow, etc. Interpretation of the data can be difficult because of the wellbore resonances having a significant influence on the registered signal spectrum. Using numerical modeling we investigate the spatial-frequency structure of acoustic fields in the wellbore excited by a noise source located in the near-wellbore zone. We analyze influence of geometry and physical parameters of the reservoir and wellbore on the resonances. Also, we consider an example of the acoustic noise spectrum recorded in a gas-condensate producer and conclude that the intensive acoustic signal registered along the extended depth interval is caused by wellbore resonance modes, rather than by an extended inflow zone (which according to production logging data corresponds to a narrow interval of natural fractures). On the other hand, the observed wellbore resonances enable using this natural signal amplification for more reliable inflow identification. Thus, the analysis of acoustic noise spectra by taking into account the wellbore resonances improves the precision of the determination of inflow intervals.
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Optimization of Geomechanical Test Programs for Oil and Gas Reservoirs
By S. ParnachevSummaryNew methodics of geomechanical testing are suggested to provide a wider undestangidng mechanical properties of evaluating geological sections
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Optimization of the Density Model of the Section in the Study of the Pre-Jurassic Complex
Authors A. Volkova, V. Merkulov, F. Grabovskaya and P. VereshchaginSummaryThe study proposes a methodology for optimizing the process of constructing a density model of a sedimentary section for the subsequent extraction of pure gravitational anomalies from objects of the pre-Jurassic complex. The optimal density of exploratory drilling for the interpretation of data of gravity survey at a scale of 1:50 000 is revealed and recommendations are given for working with survey data at a scale of 1: 200 000, which will reduce the processing time of data on sedimentary cover and focus on pre-Jurassic deposits.
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Spectral Characteristics of Acoustic Noise During Air Filtration in Highly Permeable Porous Samples
Authors E. Marfin, A. Abdrashitov and A. GalimzyanovaSummaryFiltration of fluids in porous media leads to the generation of acoustic noise. The spectra of such noises are determined by the physical properties of porous media. In this work, we studied the spectral characteristics of air filtration noise in highly permeable porous samples. The characteristic features of the obtained spectra are established. In particular, the effect of sequentially switching off the frequency bands in the spectrum with a decrease in the pressure drop was found. It is established that the dependence of the filtration noise intensity is piecewise linear. Moreover, the tangent of the angle of inclination depends on the permeability of the porous medium. The results can be used to develop a theory of filtration noise in saturated porous media.
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Seismic Inversion Through the Application of Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors A. Smorodin, G. Shishaev, A. Volkova and D. EgorovSummarySeismic inversion is one of the crucial step in life of all oil fields. Obtained rock property from recorded seismic response is closely associated with distribution velocity and density in the rock section which are products of acoustic impedance. Conventional inversion techniques have disadvantages such as knowledge requirement of wavelet in deterministic case, or construction of geological model in stochastic case as input data. Well logging is the most representative source of rock properties, especially sonic and density which provide with essential information about reservoir. This kind of information might be used to obtain porosity distribution through the well and further permeability, knowledge of which is crucial for appropriate field development, but these measurements conducted quite rarely in wells. Machine learning algorithms will be applied in order to obtain density and sonic logs from seismic trace. Applied algorithms mainly based on statistical data analysis and allow generalize approach for achieving problem to solve. Also algorithm permits to avoid choosing of wavelet which is a significant disadvantage of conventional seismic inversion techniques. From the machine learning point of view it is required to solve regression problem which implies data series prediction from the given one.
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Experimental Investigation and Geochemical Interpretation of Brine/Carbonate Rock Interactions during Low Salinity Waterflooding
Authors F. Tale and A. KalantariaslSummaryLow salinity water process gains remarkable attention as an EOR method in recent decades. Its importance is a consequence of higher ultimate oil recovery. There is not a unique idea behind its influence, especially for carbonates due to their complex structure, yet researchers ascribe it to various mechanisms among which brine/rock interactions play an essential role. Brine/rock interactions are responsible for two major low salinity processes in carbonates, rock dissolution/precipitation and Multi-ion exchange (MIE). This study presents experimental and simulation study of the effect of these processes at the rock surface. The interactions are investigated through mass difference measurements of the carbonate samples (including both calcite and dolomite) as a result of reaching equilibrium condition with 4 different brines (typical seawater, and its 5, 20 and 40 dilution folds). A geochemical software, PHREEQC, is applied to simulate brine/rock interactions and surface complexation reactions in order to clarify the role of each mechanism. Good adaptation of experimental and simulation results shows the validity of the proposed model that is designed by PHREEQC.
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Geological Structure of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic Sequences in the North-East of Western Siberia
Authors N. Munasypov and V. BaldinSummaryThe model of the geological structure of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic deposits of the north-east of Western Siberia proposed by the authors is the first work where the obtained results and conclusions are based on regional mapping. This was made by using new highly informative 2D seismic data in the volume of large pre-Jurassic megasequences, including the adjacent large geostructures along the flanks of the Western Siberian basin. The study of the internal structure of megasequences includes sequence-stratigraphy analysis of the wave field tied-up to the geological data of drilling and geological surveys on the flanks of the Western Siberian basin (Yamal, Obsko-Laptevskaya ridge), as well as the on north-west of the Siberian platform within the Taymyr fold-thrust system. The article pays attention to the features of the geological structure of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic sequences, represented by the pre-cover (transitional) megasequence of the most ancient stratified deposits from metamorphosed rocks of the folded base to the sedimentary cover and Paleozoic (Vendian-Paleozoic?) orthoplatform structural-tectonic level (megasequence) of the sedimentary cover. The authors substantiate the development of the heavy (over 20–30 km) thick continental crust consisting of stratified Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic deposits throughout Gydan and Taymyr. These deposits are typical for the north-east of Western Siberia. In the conclusion they describes the limited oil and gas prospects of Neo-Proterozoic and Paleozoic in the northeast of Western Siberia, which can only be associated with the most uplifted blocks of the northeastern parts of the inclined megaswells of the Obsko-Laptevskaya ridge and the flanks of the basin (South Taymyr, Western Taymyr, North Siberian monocline).
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Evaluation of a Non-Ionic Surfactant as a Potential Candidate for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors A. Mosallanezhad and S.B. HosseiniSummaryUsing emulsions for Enhanced Oil Recovery has increased in recent years. Emulsion injecting increases water viscosity and improves water displacing efficiency. Micro-emulsions also cause damage in reservoir, and due to the necessity of their minimal use, formation of stable micro-emulsions is a major challenge in EOR. The main objective of this study is to identify and describe stable micro-emulsions at various temperatures. In this work, phase behavior of micro-emulsions containing Glucopon 650EC, 2-Propanol, and synthesized oil, which itself includes Hexane, Decane, and Benzene has been investigated at various temperatures. Three sets of experiments were performed for EOR potential feasibility: Formation and injection water compatibility test, surfactant stability test, and relative phase volume measurement. Also, the effect of salinity on surfactant and micro-emulsions was investigated, and salinity optimization was performed.
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Updating of the Geological Structure of the Neocomian Deposits within the Novoportovskoye Field During Prospecting Surveys
Authors S. Khakimova, Y. Nefedov, I. Nizamutdinova, G. Shangaraeva and R. MunasypovSummaryIntegrated interpretation of borehole data and detailed 3D seismic operations at the Novoportovskoye field made it possible to fundamentally change the model of the geological structure of the main productive interval: to breakdown in detail the section of the wedge-shaped structure, to update the structure of all the strata of the Novoportovskoye group, the position of oil- and gas-water contacts, and tectonic disturbances that control the deposits. Under the conditions of lithologic-facies variability of lateral uniform deposits, lithologic-stratigraphic 1D log columns provide an extremely simplified model of real sections. The strata of the Neocomian clinoform sequence cannot be correlated, relying solely on drilling data. The similarity of the logging characteristics of the reservoirs often does not indicate the identity of the reservoirs, but only the similar facies environments in which these deposits accumulated. There is a lot of evidence for this statement in various regions of Western Siberia [ 1 ].
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Integrated Use of Georadar Radiometry and Sensing by Near-Surface Field Formation to Refine Seismic Data
Authors I. Perepletkin, V. Kuznetsov and Y. DolgikhSummaryPermafrost became the most urgent problem while exploration oil & gas fields in the Arctic Zone. Interferences from other high- and low-speed inhomogeneities makes it difficult to take into account all subsurface factors while making kinematic amendments of 3D seismic data, so it requires only complex approach. Nowadays we do not have generally recognized technology for inversion of traveltime data from heterogeneous shallow subsurface which guarantee correct interpretation of all low velocity zone factors and construction of real depth-velocity model. One of probable solutions is dynamically developing technology of ultra-wideband georadar survey in combination with a shallow modification of sounding by near field formation. Integrated use of the sensing by near-surface field formation and ultra-wideband radiometry will allow supplementing seismic data in areas complicated by the influence of the permafrost due to the fact that a direct forecast of the saturation nature of promising structural objects in a detailed analysis and interpretation of the data is possible. The effectiveness of method integration has been substantiated by the latest experimental studies and its realization possible at all stages of exploration, development and further exploitation of current deposit.
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Possibilities of Events Extraction for Seismic Imaging
Authors A. Masjukov, K. Starkov and A. ShevchenkoSummaryWe propose true 3D events extraction in 3D super-gathers with moveout approximation order smaller than in multifocusing or common-reflection-surface stack.
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Optimization of Multifractured Horizontal Well Performance Applying Machine Learning Techniques: Western Siberia Field Case Study
Authors D. Grigorev, B. Belozerov, D. Egorov, G. Shishaev and E. FofanovaSummaryHydraulic fracturing is one of the most beneficial operations targeted to enhance oil production from unconventional reservoirs, and, certainly, the essential criterion of its success is properly planned hydraulic fracturing design. To make it optimal, the specialist should analyze plenty of appropriate data sources and decide which of them have the greatest impact on the outcome. It seems that machine learning algorithms are effective solution to the problem as they help finding hidden correlations between input and output variables (cumulative oil production, in this case) and highlight those which exert influence mostly. It is worth noting that one of the most valuable aspect of such approach is an opportunity to process vast amount of various data, which is directly relevant to the analysis from the engineer’s point of view. The goal of the research is to find the most robust algorithm able to forecast the target variable and define key hydraulic fracturing design parameters.
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Classification of Intrusive Massifs using Technologies «ARM» (for Example, Igneous Complexes in the South of the Verkhoyan-Kolyma Orogenic Region)
Authors K. Fedorova and I. VorobevSummaryMy name is Ksenia Fedorova. I graduated from St. Petersburg State University in 2011. I am now a postgraduate student 2 years of study. I have been working at the BSEGEI since 2006 year.
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Application of a New Machine Learning Method on a Cascade of Fuzzy-Logical Matrices for Petroleum Reservoir Geological and Hydrodynamic Simulation
Authors S. Ursegov and A. ZakharianSummaryThe traditional version of geological and hydrodynamic models is not at all the only possible one, and, moreover, it impedes the development of geological and hydrodynamic modeling of oil and gas fields as a whole, since it is not truly mathematical. Considering the fact that computers do not work with images, but with numbers, the idea arose to develop a new type of geological and hydrodynamic models that have an unusual appearance, but they are more effective for computer analysis and forecasting. Geological and hydrodynamic models of a new type are a cascade of several tens or hundreds of fuzzy-logical matrices. In particular, such an approach can be effective for oil and gas fields with unconventional reserves, which are characterized by serious limitations on the quantity and quality of the source information.
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Miscible Gas Injection into the Reservoirs for Increasing Oil Production
Authors A. Khormali, G. Bahlakeh and M. Rezaei KoochiSummaryGas injection into the oil reservoirs is one of the effective methods of increasing oil recovery. The gas injection into the reservoirs when it is fully or partially miscible with oil is a difficult physical process from the point of view of mathematical modelling. The simulation of miscible gas injection process by the simulator could give a recommendation about the amount of required gas, injection pressure and other technological parameters. In this work, an industrial software was used to simulate the miscible gas injection process for an Iranian oil reservoir. We determined the amount of gas injection, total oil and gas production and oil recovery factor in the various scenarios of gas recycling. The simulation results showed that the amount production gas was less than the injection gas. In addition, the total oil production and recovery factor was a function of the amount of miscible gas injection.
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Role of Paleovulcanism in the History of Formation of Oil Deposits of Romashkin Field
Authors E. Andreeva, A. Borisov, N. Dokuchaeva, E. Nurieva and I. ChernovaSummaryLocal volcano-tectonic structures (paleovulcans) of the crystal foundation of Romashkin oil field had a direct influence on formation and localization of oil deposits in the lower horizons of the sedimentary covering. The task of identifying paleovulcanic buildings can be effectively solved by precision magnetic and gravitational surveys.
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On the Issue of Determining the Porosity of Terrigenous Reservoirs of Deposits of Natural Bitumen and Super-Viscous Oils
Authors E. Yachmeneva and D. KhassanovSummaryThis work relates to the problem of determining porosity in the terrigenous super-viscous oil reserves. Lithological-facies variability is observed in the reservoir, porosity values vary widely (from 8% to more than 30%), lithological differences are represented by both sandstones and weakly consolidated sands. The work used the data of laboratory core studies and geophysical well surveys (formation density logging, acoustic and neutron logging). A comparative analysis of porosity methods with core data did not show satisfactory approximation confidence values. The results of this analysis also revealed that core samples are grouped by porosity according to the following criteria: porosity of less than 15%, from 15 to 20% and more than 20%. The application of acoustic impedance allowed us to obtain positive dynamics in the study. The product of formation density and velocity in comparison with porosity from core data showed a satisfactory petrophysical function. An increase in porosity in the samples with a decrease in the values of acoustic impedance became apparent obviously. In addition, this is the only group of methods under consideration that showed not a chaotic, but a regular change in porosity (all selected classes are clearly grouped). One of the advanced planning of solving the problem of determining the filtration-capacitive parameters is the volume modeling of the reservoir based on the acoustic characteristics of rocks.
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Geological Model of the Northern Part of Odoptu Anticlinal High, Sakhalin
Authors A. Medvedev, V. Morozov, P. Kovtunovich, O. Krovushkina, A. Alymov, V. Poroskun, N. Malyshev and V. VerzhbitskiySummaryFacies and sequence-stratigraphic model of the northern part of Odoptu anticlinal high, North Sakhalin basin offshore has been developed on the base of core, well logs and seismic study. XIII-XXIV HC bearing strata formed mainly in deltaic environment whereas XXV-XXX prospective zones formed in more distal environments of delta slope and associated turbidite fans of the basin floor. Proximal sedimentary environments of the maximum of Dagi and Lw. Nutovo regressions are expected to extent further eastward then it thought before.
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Impact of Architecture Heterogeneity on Confidence in STOIIP Estimation
Authors N. Klimenko, D. Konoshonkin, E. Fofanova, B. Belozerov and N. BukhanovSummaryThe aim of this research is finding a metric of reservoir architecture complexity provided by different depositional environments and further study of its relationship with confidence in STOIIP estimation. As a result, the linear dependence between architecture uncertainty in its numerical expression (information entropy) and confidence in STOIIP calculation is established that makes information entropy a qualitative indicator for assessment of system exploration level. In addition, it was found that information entropy has a logarithmic relationship with amount of information (number of wells) that allows predicting the potential contribution to the removal of uncertainty when drilling a new well and statistical assessment the value and justification of exploration work which can increase the efficiency of decision-making.
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Tools for Managing the Quality of Geological Databases
Authors Y. Vaneev, R. Gizatullin, E. Prokhorova, A. Nurtdinova and R. NasibullinaSummaryThe daily receipt of large amounts of data for processing and further calculations makes their qualitative analysis difficult. Lack of complete, high-quality and timely information can lead to loss of productivity and efficiency of the Company. Therefore, it is so important to analyze the incoming and existing information for availability and quality. This article describes a tool for ensuring the consistency and quality of geological and technological data in accounting IT systems of the Company - a data verification system. Due to the built-in checks, which are based on mathematical and logical calculations, information is monitored for all types of checked data. Improving the reliability of geological and technological data is achieved by reducing the number of errors in the data. Such an approach will provide the most complete understanding of the current state of the database, reduce the time spent on information analysis, make it possible to extract additional value from it, and reduce the risks associated with a lack of quality data. The article describes the mechanisms and principles of creating a verification system for corporate geological databases, which was developed and tested within the Company and has the potential for scalability
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Clarification of the Quantitative Assessment of Hydrocarbons of the Timan-Pechora Province for Past 10 Years
Authors E. Grokhotov, O. Prischepa and A. KuranovSummaryRecoverable resources of the Timan-Pechora province as of 01.01.2018 amounted to 9729.7 million tons against 9406.2 million tons estimated in 2009 (an increase of + 3.4% or 323.5 million tons). Based on the results of the quantitative assessment of the resources, the most promising for HC exploration regions and areas, and within their borders, promising oil and gas complexes, were identified .On the territory of the Timan-Pechora province, mainly oil and mainly gas directions are allocated for a complex of prospecting and evaluation work for oil and gas.
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Variations in Ranked List of Reservoir Analogs as an Effect of Search Preferences
Authors A. Voskresenskiy, M. Butorina, O. Popova, N. Bukhanov, Z. Filippova, R. Brandao, V. Segura and E. Vital BrazilSummaryWe compared variations of the two most relevant and widespread approaches for reservoir analogs: search by manual filtering and search by similarity measures with properties weights. The filtering approach tends to be a conventional way of search which can be easily performed manually by geologists, but its results seems to underestimate and limit the width of possibilities. The similarity approach has a more sophisticate implementation and, therefore, offers a range of additional useful analytics. Sensitivity analysis was performed using SHAP values which opens the way to evaluate the effect of different properties to the resulting list of analogs and revealing causal links between these properties themselves.
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Investigation the Effect of Pressure and Temperature on Interfacial Tension in a Carbonated Water and Oil
By M. KarimiSummaryCarbonated water flooding has several mechanisms. Interfacial tension reduction is one of the important mechanisms of carbonated water flooding which increases the capillary number. the main topic of this paper is to measure the IFT of carbonated water and oil in reservoir. In this study, the IFT of carbonated water and oil at different temperature and pressure is measured by the pendant drop method. The results showed that increasing temperature and pressure decreased the IFT
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Deflected Polygonal Faults as Paleo-Stress Indicator and Tool to Analyze Hydraulic Conductivity in Senonian Reservoirs of Western Siberia (Russian Federation)
Authors P. Kraemer and J. Chevallier-MessbacherSummaryPolygonal Fault Systems (PFS) were identified in seismic in 1994 and afterwards recognized in more than 100 basins in the world. They appear related to radial shrinkage suggested by the hexagonal prone shapes and dewatering evidenced by fluid escape features. Several driving mechanisms have been proposed, however, dewatering and contraction of smectite rich sediments could be of significance for the Senonian deposits analyzed here. The random orientation observed in PFS indicates that the horizontal stress was isotropic over large areas at the time of formation. When the isotropic horizontal stress associated to PFS is modified by anisotropic lateral stress, the randomly oriented polygonal geometry of PFS is re-oriented to parallelize to the principal horizontal stress directions, arrangement called here Deflected Polygonal Fault System (DPFS). It has been observed in 3D seismic related to a large N–S trending E dipping normal growth fault coeval with the deposition of unit NB1 and associated to a corridor of “en- echelon” normal growth faults coeval with the deposition of unit NB2. The analysis of paleo stress trajectories evidenced by DPFS combined with the study of critically stressed conductive faults provides a criterion to define optimum horizontal well trajectories for each specific area.
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The Influence of Macro-Heterogeneity of the Achimov Formation on the Forecast of Well Technological Indicators
Authors A. Zaboeva, K. Zverev, O. Generalenko, A. Naumov, D. Peskova and N. PleshanovSummaryOn the example of modeling the Achimov deposits, it is shown that the underestimation of the facies heterogeneities embedded in the 3D geological model can significantly affect the predictive ability of hydrodynamic models. When creating the geological model, a non-standard method was implemented for direct accounting of indirect information (geometrization of facies zones and elements of sedimentation conditions, taking into account the ratio of facies fractions in the section of the reservoir, seismic data). This allows to reflect all levels of heterogeneity, associated with facies differentiation of sediments. The influence of macro-heterogeneity of Achimov deposits on the forecast of well technological indicators is proved by the results of a computational experiment.
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Features of Potential Free Gas Accumulations Distribution in the Upper Part of Sedimentary Cover of the Arctic and Subarctic Seas
Authors V. Bogoyavlensky and A. KishankovSummaryThe objects of the research were the Laptev, Bering, Okhotsk, Chukchi and Beaufort seas. The research included interpretation of approximately 28 thousand km of seismic CDP sections. In total, for all offshore areas, more than 1700 anomalies, indicating potential free gas accumulations in the upper part of sedimentary cover, were revealed. Statistical analysis of anomalies distribution was conducted. It was shown, that features of potential free gas accumulations distribution are connected with geological evolution of respective regions, and also with cryological conditions.
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The Search for Missed Hydrocarbon Deposits as a Tool to Increase the Economic Attractiveness of Deposits in the Tomsk Region
Authors A. Evdokimova and A. BobrovSummaryThe problem of reproduction and increase of the resource base of hydrocarbons can be solved by analyzing geological and geophysical materials of the Fund of exploration and appraisal wells. In this regard, the prospects have continental deposits of the Tyumen formation, which were developed on the territory of the Tomsk region. The improvement of methods and technologies, increasing oil recovery, allows the development of hard-to-recover oil reserves in formations with low filtration-capacitive properties, which in turn increases the interest in working with these objects.
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Software and Mathematical Apparatus for Induction Logging Data Processing in Vertical Wells
Authors P. Domnikov, Y. Koshkina, M. Persova and Y. SoloveichikSummaryIn this paper, we used an approach to solving the inverse induction logging problem based on geometric inversion. The finite element method was used for the electromagnetic field modeling. The solution of the inverse problem is based on minimizing the residual functional between practical and calculated data. Studies were conducted on the quality of the reconstructed geoelectric models using noise-free data and noisy data. It is shown that when using the proposed algorithms for multidimensional geometric inversions, the distribution of electrical conductivity is generally restored correctly even in the case of noisy data.
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Characterizing Preformed Particle Gel for Enhancing Oil Recovery in High Water Cut Wells
More LessSummaryHigh water cut is a common problem in mature oil reservoirs. So it’s necessary to use methods to control water production. Preformed particle gels (PPG) are one of the useful conformance controlling agents which are prepared at the surface prior to the injection. Acrylamide based PPGs are the most common ones in the oil industry. Their swelling capacity and elasticity is related to their synthesis composition, temperature and salinity . In this paper the effect of these parameters on swelling ratio of PPG is investigated. The results show that increasing the crosslinker amount leads to decreasing the weight loss during purification. Also PPG swelling ratio decreases drastically with increasing crosslinker/monomer molar ratio. Brine salinity and its temperature can also affect PPG swelling capacity such that PPG swelling ratio declines 3 to 10% by adding 5000 ppm NaCl to the water and increasing temperature from 25 to 55 ? C leads to a slight increase in PPG swelling ratio due to thermo-swelling phenomena.
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Reservoir Complexity as a Prediction Tool for Recovery Factor
Authors I. Kitaev, E. Fofanova, T. Deyeva, B. Belozerov, N. Bukhanov and O. MelnikovaSummaryIn this paper we have created a tool for RF prediction based on the complexity of the reservoir. In order to achieve this goal, specialized literature has been studied that describes current approaches to this prediction. A completely new complexity metrics was proposed here, which considered previously unused heterogeneity indices. To calculate RCI, a series of simulation models were built that provided an estimate of the reservoir's RF, which was described by a specific set of characteristics. The obtained correlation of RF vs RCI was verified with data of real fields. It was determined that the synthetic RF was systematically overestimated, which is explained by the presence of an unaccounted reservoir parameter that reduces RF. The relevance of using the proposed tool for RF prediction is in rapid assessment of the potential of the reservoir and examination on existence of unaccounted reservoir features. It also makes it possible to estimate the increase in oil recovery for already developing fields.
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