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7th EAGE Saint Petersburg International Conference and Exhibition
- Conference date: 11 Apr 2016 - 14 Apr 2016
- Location: Saint Petersburg, Russia
- ISBN: 978-94-6282-179-8
- Published: 11 April 2016
1 - 100 of 198 results
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Regional and Local Forecasts Oil-Bearing in Bazheno-Abalak Complex of Western Siberia
By M.Y. ZubkovProposed list of criteria to assess the prospects of regional oil-bearing Bazheno-Abalak complex and original method of local forecasting based on aggregation of seismic data and tectonophysical modeling
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Collectors Tectonic-Hydrothermal Origin in the Pre-Jurassic Complex of West Siberia and Methods of its Forecasting
By M.Y. ZubkovSubstantiates the tectonic-hydrothermal formation mechanism of secondary collectors in the roof of the pre-Jurassic complex of West Siberian oil and gas basin, a method of searching on the basis of seismic data, proved that served as the source of hydrocarbons Jurassic deposits.
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The SiO2 Occurrence and Origin in Shale Reservoir, a Case Study from the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin
By L.G.H liuThis study employs samples from the Yanchang Formation of Ordos Basin, probing the SiO2 occurrence and origin in shale reservoir in order to figure out the effect of SiO2 on physical shale properties.In order to research the SiO2 occurrence and origin in shale reservoir a series of integrated and repeatable methods has been used including X-ray diffraction of bulk and clay minerals, cathode luminescence analysis, Ar-ion polishing, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry. three point-views were drawn about SiO2 occurrence and its effect on rock property.
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A New Method for Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Amorphous SiO2 in Terrestrial Shale a Case Study About Yanchang Formation
By L.G.H liuYanchang Formation shale of Ordos basin contains a certain amount of amorphous SiO2, which proved by SEM observation and X-ray diffraction analysis of bulk rock. The three methods proposed by now to calculate the quantity of amorphous SiO2 have their own flaws. The disadvantages of chemical denudation are experimental period and unconvinced accuracy because of dissolving other minerals. Quantitative analysis of amorphous silica by X-ray diffraction possesses high personal error on the integrated intensity of dome-shaped scattering curve in XRD spectrum of amorphous SiO2. The doping method has high deviation and needs to compound standard sample, while some kinds of pure minerals are hard to get. On the basis of summarizing researches have been done, a new method that combines QEMSCAN and XRD is proposed for the issue of amorphous SiO2 calculation in multiphase system. The new method avoids the flaws in approaches have been proposed, and calculates the amount of amorphous SiO2 indirectly according to the quantities of quartz and SiO2 measured respectively.According to QEMSCAN 650F integrated with XRD and gravity drainage method, we can calculate the mass percentage of amorphous silica, and the mass percentage of amorphous silica of YQ8 sample is 7.75%.
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The Exquisite Comparison of Shale Reservoir Characteristic Between Chang 7 Member and Chang 9 Member in Yanchang Formation
By L.G.H liuThe purpose of this article is to provide awareness of the subtle difference among these three sections shale.In order to figure out the exquisite distinction, nearly 200 samples have been used in a series of integrated and repeatable methods, including XRD, SEM-EDS, trace elements analysis, TOC and ROCK-EVAL.II Methodology, Vitrinite reflectance analysis, N2 adsorption analysis, CH4 adsorption analysis, and rock property analysis.
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Experimental Measurement and Mathematical Model for Intrinsic Permeability of Tight Rocks and Shale at Low Pressure
More LessGas flow in porous media differs from liquid flow due to the large gas compressibility and the klinkenberg effect. Klinkenberg effect is not negligible when the pressure is low or the permeability of the reservoir is very small. Enhancing the backpressure could eliminate the klinkenberg effect. However, high pressure is not always accessible under the lab or field production condition. As intrinsic permeability is important not only for the reservoir simulation but also for the theoretical study of gas flow in unconventional reservoir, a new method for determining the intrinsic permeability of tight and shale rocks was developed, excluding the effect of klinkenberg via both experimental measurements and numerical calculation. The steady state measurements were conducted with high purity helium. A mathematical model was then derived to determine the intrinsic permeability based on the measured gas fluxes and pressure profile. To test the presented method, extra measurements were conducted for methane flooding on three shale cores at low outlet pressure (lower than the minimum backpressure), showing good agreement with the data obtained from our model. The advantage of the method lies in two points: one is that the results are much more accurate than that from traditional PPD method when error exists in the existence of klinkenberg effect. This advantage is especially significant for tight and shale cores because the extra low permeability makes the effect of klinkenberg effect non-neglected. The other is that this method could be applied to any outlet pressure excluding the effect of klinkenberg effect.
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Problems of a Choice of Profitable Hydrated-Gas Accumulations for Operation
By A.S. BabaevDiscovery in water areas of the seas, oceans and some lakes of set of deposits of gas hydrates and their detection confinedness to areas with the raised values of geothermal fields have made a choice of criteria of search of the deposits most favourable to working out especially actual. Thereupon the author makes a number of the requirements, which performance at a choice gas hydrates deposits will allow to make gas production of it profitable. It is found out that to these conditions more all corresponds to a deposit of the hydrates generated by griffons functioning throughout a long time interval of operating underwater mud volcanoes. On the basis of calculations it is proved that thickness of layers of hydrates this deposits depends on volume of gas emissions of a griffon, and also depth of the sea on which there are griffons. The area of sedimentation of hydrates round a griffon at 20-50 time is less than flood area breccia during eruption also does not exceed first tens hectares. It is shown that process of thermal destruction hot breccia the rest which has generated for years of a volcano of a hydrated-clay layer does not change essentially volume-mass indicators of this layer
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The Stability of the Horizontal Wellbore while Drilling the Bazhenov Formation in Western Siberia
Authors E.A. Gladkov, E.E. Gladkova, E.G. Karpova and N.E. PulkinaThe results of studies of the behavior of core samples graded among ULTRADRIL, KCl-POLYMER, as well as in fresh water. The results of studies of the behavior of core samples fractionated in a medium Ultradril, KCl-Polymer, and also in fresh water showed complete inertness breed. Actual data proved that for horizontal drilling in different types of drilling mud will be mainly mud weights, instead of its formulation. It should be an in-depth study of geomechanical drillings rocks, with mandatory corin
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3D Geological Modelling Methodology for Unconventional Reservoirs of the Bazhenov Formation
Authors A. Telnova, V. Baranov, N. Bukhanov and P. BeschasovaThe Bazhenov is been researching during more than 50 years, but up to now the petroleum potential, optimal STOIIP or resources estimation approaches, reservoirs selection, petrophysical properties definition methodology are not clear. Distinctive features of bituminous shale are specific geochemical properties which were chosen as base parameters for the Bazhenov deposits geological modelling and key areas recognition. Main objective of this paper is choosing optimal algorithm of 3D geological modelling and testing it with conventional (petrophysical) and specific (geochemical) properties.
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Classification of the Bazhenov Formation Using Well Logs (R Field)
Authors D.A. Simonov, V. Baranov, N. Bukhanov and P. BeschasovaThis paper consider the main aspects of the Bazhenov formation interpretation and applying of machine learning algorithms in cases a of Kolpashev type section of the Bazhenov formation. Application of automatic algorithms of classification which would transfer the scale of research from small to large. Machine learning algorithms help to interpret the Bazhenov formation in reference well and in the other wells. During this work the unsupervised and supervised machine learning algorithms were applied to interpret the lithology and reservoir properties. This greatly simplifies the routine problem which deals with manual interpretation and has an economic effect deal with cost of laboratory analysis.
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On the Selection of the Optimal Mode of the Wave Stimulation in Oil Production
Authors E.A. Marfin, A.A. Abdrashitov and Y.I. KravtsovThe work dedicated to the problem mode selection of the wave stimulation to improve the efficiency of oil extraction. The method of combining with wave action by SAGD with two-wellheads reviewed. The process of formation of standing waves in the injection well and the energy propagation of elastic vibrations into a producing reservoir through the wall of the well is investigated. The existence range of the exposure frequency, at which there is minimal absorption of elastic waves, is set. It is shown that with increasing distance from the injection well a value optimum frequency shifts downwards. Obtained results may be the basis for selecting the optimal frequency wave stimulation.
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Genesis and Geological Structure of Oil Pools in the Sediments of Abnormal Bazhenov Formation Section
Authors V. Grishkevich, V.K. Kasatkin, S. Lagutina and E. PaninaThe article describes the concept of genesis of sand and silt bodies in the anomalous section of Bazhenov formation (ASBF), which is represented as postsedimentary gravitational displacement and plastic deformations of sedimentary rocks on the slope of Neocomian sedimentary side fill basin. Practical examples of the oil deposits in areas ASBF are shown.
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Features of Lithology and Geochemistry of Organic Matter of the Bazhenov Formation Pavlovskaya Area with the Use of GIS
Authors I.A. Zhigulsky, V.G. Eder, I.S. Sotnich, E.A. Kostireva and M.A. HalikovaLithological, geochemical and geophysical parameters of the Bazhenov Formation were analyzed in the poorly studied region in the south of the South-Nadimskaya megamonoclise on the Povhovskaya area. The bottom-to-top sequence of the Bazhenov Formation in this region is composed of 4 patterns: siliceous mudrocks – kerogenous siliceous mudrocks – clayey-siliceous mudrocks carbonate-siliceous mudrocks with carbonate lenses. These lithotypes differ by TOC values. GIS data of the studied section were comparing with the core. According to the cross-plot modeling (GIS-GIS ratios) 4 types of rocks were distinguished, that are characterized by their own area of parameters distribution. No differences were revealed in the lithotypes by biomarker parameters. According to geochemical parameters organic matter is related to the II type of kerogenous, that is aquagenous, and correspond to the main oil formation stage. In general Bazhenov Formation rocks characterized by low porosity (0,32-2,32 %). The structure of the Bazhenov Formation section of the studied region in general looks like to the Salum region sections. In the investigated area in the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous period hemipelagic conditions occurred. Reduced conditions distinguished during sedimentation and diagenesis. Both these factors controlling high concentrations of TOC in sediments.
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Forecast of Perspective Areas in the Oligocene Deposits Using a Comprehensive Analysis of Geological-Geophysical Data
Authors Y. Varov, F. Bars, O. Karamisheva and O. SivalnevaBased on the integrated analysis of a comprehensive geological and geophysical data lithological and geophysical characteristic of the Oligocene rocks was formed. It is the basis for the forecast of potentially productive interval distribution in the Khadum horizon and Batalpashinsk formation. These intervals are characterized by a low clay content, high brittleness and fracturing. Determination their distribution allows to predict of perspective zones for prospecting and exploration areas. The integrated geological and geophysical analysis approach may be applied to study of unconventional reservoirs within other areas of the North-Caucasian oil and gas province.
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Updating of Geological Oil and Gas Zonation of the Russian Federation (Onshore and Offshore)
Authors V.S. Shein and A.A. KnipperThe advantages of zonation based on using plate tectonics are given in this work. «Trial map of geological oil and gas zonation of the Russian Federation (onshore and offshore) based on using plate tectonics» is proposed. The comparison of traditional and new zonation methods is given.
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Tectonic Structure of the Conjunction Zone of the Laptev Sea Shelf and the Siberian Plate (From the Finding of 2D CDP Reflection Seismic Studies of 2013 - 2014)
By Y. VasilyevaBased on 2D CDP reflection seismic studies conducted by JSC SEVMORNEFTEGEOFIZIKA in 2013 – 2014, the tectonic structure of the northwestern part of the conjunction zone of the Laptev Sea shelf and the Siberian Plate was studied. Disjunctive dislocations were revealed on time seismic sections of the Laptev Sea shelf, i.e. dip-slip faults that had led to the formation of horsts and grabens. Within the Siberian Plate, dip-slip faults, reverse faults and overthrust reverse faults were observed, forming flower structures. The conjunction zone of the Laptev Sea and Siberian plates includes the continuation of the South Taymyr fold zone with overthrust reverse faults. In the southeastern part of the area, the conjunction of the Laptev Sea and Siberian plates is represented by a series of reverse faults and a high-amplitude regional dip-slip fault. The following tectonic elements were revealed in the revised schematic tectonic map of the Laptev Sea and northwestern margin of the Siberian Plate: the Lena-Anabar marginal zone with South Taymyr High and the Kharaulakh Marginal Zone. It was assumed that the South Taymyr High and the Kharaulakh Marginal Zone are divided by a regional oblique-slip fault on the continuation of the Khatanga-Lomonosov transform fault
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Features in the Sedimentation and Organic Geochemistry of the Lower Toarcian Clays in Northern Eastern Siberia
Authors E.A. Fursenko, B.L. Nikitenko and V.G. KnyazevRecently the interest is increasing to the Arctic region, which are regarded as the areas with significant hydrocarbon resources. So the important task is the comprehensive geological and geochemical studies in the Arctic to identify enriched dispersed organic matter, a potentially oil source strata. As is well known the crisis events in the biosphere (eg T-OAE) are most favorable for the formation of such sequences. It has been shown that T-OAE had a significant impact to features on Pliensbachian - Toarcian clay strata exposed in outcrops Kelimyar River (the Olenek river district, Eastern Siberia).
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Tectonic and Paleogeographic Conditions of Anadyr Trough Petroleum Systems
Authors E.A. Lavrenova, N.A. Malishev, V.V. Obmetko, A.A. Borodulin and A.A. GorbunovBasin analysis as well as petroleum system modeling within Anadyr trough have been performed. It was revealed that Anadyr trough includes several sedimentary basins with different development. These differences determine petroleum system evolution and therefore Anadyr trough oil and gas prospects
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Geological and Geophysical Criteria for Identifying Zones of Productivity Bazhenov Formation of the Salym Group of Field
Authors S.I. Bilibin, A.V. Vovk, T.F. Diakonova, T.G. Isakova and E.A. YukanovaThe proposed indirect geological and geophysical criteria for identification pale geological signs with the current state of the Bazhenov formation. Geological properties of the Bazhenov formation, due to conditions sedimentation, structural factors, the temperature of the reservoir and other. The quantitative basis for the division of indirect criteria for grading is their comparison with the accumulated oil production and the ratio of the specific productivity of the wells.
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Multiple-Point Geostatistical Modeling with Training Images
By M.S. VolkovaIn this paper, some aspects of practical application of multiple-point statistical simulation are considered. Multiple-point simulation is aimed to overcome the certain restrictions, which exist in classical geostatistics. Methods of multiple-point geostatistics include an ensemble of sequential simulation algorithms which use the training image as input data for the description of spatial structure of geological object. The results of modeling with various training images are presented. The next kinds of training images were used: stationary, nonstationary, categorical (for facial modeling), continuous (for modeling of effective thickness). In the DV-Geo module of multiple-point statistics the Direct Sampling algorithm (Mariethoz et al., 2010) is realized. It is possible to say that Direct Sampling algorithm successfully operates on fields with small and large number of wells. The demanded computer memory and CPU time do not depend on the volume of well information
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The Studying of Features of Reservoir Pressures in Area of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District
Authors P. Gorbunov and S. VorobyevAuthors describe the features of changes of reservoir pressures at oil and gas fields of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. This research based on the results of hydrodynamic and thermometric studies in prospecting and exploration wells of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. In the Cenomanian, Albian, Aptian and in the top of Neocomian deposits, according to research, reservoir pressure usually equal to hydrostatic pressure. At the bottom of the Neocomian and Jurassic deposits set zones with abnormally high reservoir pressures within Gydan and Yamal Peninsula and in the Nadym-Pur-Taz interfluve. The results of the survey should improve the efficiency of exploration drilling by preventing complications and accidents during this operation in zones with abnormally high reservoir pressures.
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Regional Patterns of Porosity Evolution During Diagenesis of the South Barents Basin
Authors P.O. Sobolev and M.A. LavrentevaThe porosity studies results of the sedimentary rocks from the South Barents Sea Basin are discussed. The porosity was estimated by several methods including well logging analysis and core measurements. As a result of the research generalized porosity trends with depth were obtained for the upper part of the basin (about 3-4 km). Main factors affecting the porosity and permeability of siliciclastic rocks were assessed. The greatest influence on the porosity has a compaction (depth). Also, both porosity and permeability depend on the cement type and grain size. These patterns have been used to study the processes of diagenesis, estimation of uplift/erosion, basin burial and petroleum systems modeling.
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Hydrocarbon Potential of Izhma-Pechora Basin and Adjacent Pechora Sea as a Result of Basin Modeling
More Lesshis is the first work summarizing old and new geological and geochemical data on the working area. The results of 1D, 2D and 3D basin modeling give us a forecast for the hydrocarbon potential. Main source rocks were determined, directions of migration were traced. A forecast for accumulation was given.
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Petroleum Potential of Marginal Parts of the Timan-Pechora Sedimentary Basin
Authors O.M. Prischepa and O.V. ChumakovaThe Timan-Pechora sedimentary basin is characterized by complex geological structure and uneven geological and geophysical level of study. The lowest level of study belongs to its marginal parts - junction zones with Pre-Ural trough on the east and Timan ridge on the west. The exploration performed in recent years on the basis of the state budget programs has made it possible to clarify the prospects, reestimate hydrocarbon resources, identify new areas of exploration and priority objects for further exploration. The unity and continuity of the geological structure in the junction areas of land, transit zones and waters are proved. The extensive development of pre-Devonian sediments complexes, including the Vendian - Late Riphean is revealed that led to rethink the age of the basement in the western part of the basin.
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Substandard Carbonate Reservoirs of the Timan-Pechora Oil and Gas Province and Their Development Prospects
More LessCurrently, up to 75% of recoverable oil reserves of the oil balance of the Russian Federation are characterized as hard-to-recover. The biggest part of these reserves are concentrated in low-permeability reservoirs - up to 44%. The largest hydrocarbon deposits of the Timan-Pechora province have been explored and are in development. The oil reserves growth from newly discovered fields (most of them are small) does not renew extracted oil and gas. The hard-to-recover oil resources are already dominated in the structure of the mineral resource base of the Timan-Pechora province. The oil extraction of hard-to-recover resources is increasing due to the application of modern technologies, however the rate of growth of these reserves exceeds the rate of production. A large proportion of hydrocarbons confined to the deposits with unfavorable reservoirs remains unrecovered regardless of the mode of development. High rates of development of scientific and technical ideas in petroleum geology allow us to pass to the development and exploitation of carbonate reservoirs with substandard parameters of porosity and permeability through integrated high-tech methods of development, which makes it possible to substantially increase the resource base of hydrocarbons in areas with developed oil infrastructure. Involvement of substandard reservoirs in the development requires new approaches to their prospecting and forecasting. In order to identify criteria for the forecast of such objects a comprehensive study of rocks with low permeability reservoir parameters should be carried out at different depths by means of geological, geophysical, lithological and petrophysical methods.
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Features of Geological Structure Oligocene Deposits of the East Ciscaucasia
Authors A.V. Postnikov, Y.V. Lyapunov and N.A. OsintsevaThe paper studies the Oligocene deposits of the Eastern Ciscaucasus which are promising in the search for oil and gas. A geological model of Oligocene deposits is proposed based on cyclostratigraphic analysis with potential reservoir-rocks confined to the thin layers of turbidites.
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Ways of Growth Hydrocarbon Resources in Russia
Authors V.L. Shuster, S.A. Punanova and A.V. SamoilovaPerspective directions of exploration are suggested to increase oil and gas resources in Russia. Criteria for evaluation of these directions are proposed to select the priority of them in the short and medium term.
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Geological Structure of the Predsettedaban Trough
By I.N. NafikovThe geological structure, main tectonic elements and the nature of distribution of major units of the fill of Predsettedaban trough are analyzed on the basis of the newest data obtained. Newest data was reprocessed by specialists of VNIGRI and OAO Yakutskgeophysika. This area is the southeast boundary of link structures of the Siberian platform. Major tectonic elements of the region is the Aldan-Maya depression. Depression was formed in place pericratonal deflection on eastern edge of Aldan anticlise. On top of foundation Aldan-Maya depression is a monocline submerged under Verkhoyansk-Kolyma fold-thrust system. Foundation of the region represented deep-metamorphosed rocks of Archaean. Sedimentary fill composed by four structural tiers: Proterozoic(?)-Lower Riphean, Riphean, Vendian-Cambrian and Mesozoic. Riphean deposits have interesting petroleum potential prospects.
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Litho-Facial Reconstructions of the Upper Jurassic Deposits in the Central and Southern Parts of the W. Siberia Basin
Authors I.S. Nizyaeva, V.V. Shimansky, N.V. Taninskaya and N.N. KolpenskayaPotentially productive Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) deposits widely distributed in the eastern part of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the north-eastern part of the south Tyumen region have been investigated using multidisciplinary approach, which allows recognition of structural feathers of reservoirs and reconstruction of sedimentary basin evolution. On the basis of detailed setimenthological core description, interpretation of LOGs and complex analyses of obtained laboratory results 7 characteristic facies have been determined: channels, proximal and distal deltaic fans, barriers, coastal plain, offshore and shelf. Then litho-facial map of the Oxfordian was constructed in coordination with 2D and 3D seismic data. Channels, proximal deltaic fans and barriers facies distributed in the eastern and western parts of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the north-eastern and central parts of the south Tumen region are considered to be most perspective for hydrocarbon sources.
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Guided Waves Leaking From High-Velocity Elastic Layer
Authors P.E. Znak, B.M. Kashtan and V.N. TroyanGuided waves comprise relatively fast leaking modes and have the potential for P-wave velocity inversion. That is the reason for the geophysical prospecting community to pay more and more attention to them. Nonetheless, described by frequency dependent complex roots within the Riemann surface of multivalued dispersion equation, they still remain unstudied even for models with one plane-parallel elastic layer. The property of guided waves to demonstrate the frequency tuning effect in case of a waveguide is known. Recently, we succeeded in an accurate numerical calculation of the leaking modes dispersion and attenuation curves with the help of the so-called outpost method. It turns out that the guided waves leaking modes complex slowness oscillate near the correspondent acoustic solution for normal modes in case of close to 1/2 Poisson ratio inside the layer. Here we replace the material parameters of the layer by the material parameters of the environment and check if there is any similar behavior of the leaking modes in case of a high Poisson ratio outside the layer.
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Statistical Analysis of Free-Surface Variability's Impact on Seismic Wavefield
Authors D.R. Kolyukhin, V.V. Lisitsa and V.A. TcheverdaOne of the main challenges in seismic monitoring is the repeatability of the experiment conditions. Among other reasons changes in surface topography over time may cause strong non-repeatability in acquired seismic data especially in desert environment where the sand dunes can move between surveys. In this paper we present a numerical study of the effects of free-surface variation, defined as homogeneous Gaussian random field, on the seismic data. We show that for homogeneous models repeatability metrics (such as NRMS and predictability) using the early arrivals as measured by buried receivers depend mainly on the perturbation, but not on the smooth trend of the free–surface topography. For models with complex near-surface velocity NRMS for the thin sand area (<5 m) is almost twice as high as in the thick sand area (>10 m). Moreover, we demonstrate that significant non-repeatability (NRMS up to 70%) can be caused by just surface elevation changes.
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Poroelastic seismic modeling to study the implications of mesoscopic-scale fluid flow
Authors R. Wiley, S.W. Peters and P.H. WilsonWe investigate the effect that fluid flow in a porous medium has on seismic reflection data. By using a mesoscopic-scale poroelastic model for the attenuation effects in the fluid filled porous layer, we are able to construct seismic traces which exhibit the effects of poroelastic layers. The results are seismic data which show changes in frequency and phase due to the presence of the mesoscopic-scale heterogeneities.
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Use of Discontinuous Grids for Solving Helmholtz Equation in Complex Models
Authors A. Zaitseva, V. Lisitsa and S. SolovyevIn this paper, we consider 2D Helmholtz equation with complex shift and assume it to be solved using domain decomposition technique where finite-difference method on fine and coarce meshes applied in the upper and lower parts of the model respectively. We proved that the use of different grids leads to nonsymmetrical perturbation of the original operator, thus causes the irreducible error in the solution – artificial reflections from the boundaries of the subdomains, even though the residual tends to zero exponentially with respect to the number of iteration.
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Direct Problems in Seismic Data Processing and Interpretation
Authors D.B. Finikov, S.A. Kaplan, E.B. Lebedev and A.V. ShalashnikovThe solution of direct problems in the process of seismic data processing and interpretation is an important element which determines the information capability of the method in the specific seismic environment and with the account of the specific geological objectives. It is used at the stage of the choice of a seismic acquisition design, seismic processing sequence, the type and the content of seismic record attributes, as well as the correctness of the obtained results (structural models, the forecast of lithofacial characteristics of deposits, prospective oil & gas deposits and their reservoir properties). In addition, only the processing and interpretation of wave fields synthetic data may help to determine the real possibilities of Geophysics for the specific region. The usage of different solutions of direct problems, including the calculation of synthetic seismograms, is explained in this paper. The authors show the results obtained under the conditions of salt tectonics with the usage of complex processing sequence, including wave fields transformation procedures (such as datuming & redatuming).
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Cluster Implementation of Low-Rank Multifrontal Direct Solver for 3D Helmholtz Problem
Authors S. Solovyev, V.I. Kostin and D. VishnevskiyThe modern methods of processing the geophysical data, such as Reverse Time Migration (RTM) and Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) require solving series of forward problems where the main step is solution of Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations (SLAE) of big size. For big sizes, it is time and memory consuming problem. In this paper, we present a parallel direct algorithm to solve boundary value problems for 3D Helmholtz equation discretized with help of finite differences. The memory consumption has been resolved due to Nested Dissection approach, low-rank approximation technique and HSS format. OpenMP parallelization is based on standard BLAS and LAPACK functionality. For MPI parallelization, we propose a novel algorithm that uses dynamical distribution of the elimination tree nodes across cluster nodes. Numerical experiments show performance benefits of the proposed cluster algorithm compared to the not parallel version and demonstrate significant memory advantages over direct solvers without low-rank approximation.
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Numerical Simulation of Sonic Log for Anisotropic Media
Authors G. Reshetova, V. Lisitsa and V. TcheverdaIn this paper we present an efficient and accurate numerical algorithm for simulation of sonic logging experiments. The basis of the approach is a heterogeneous finite difference method applied to acoustic-elastic wave equation written in velocity-stress formulation. The approach was designed to simulate wave propagation in 3D arbitrary anisotropic elastic media with attenuation. Moreover due to universality of heterogeneous finite-differences the algorithm allows to handle with surrounding models of extreme complexity. We also present and discuss results of simulation for arbitrary anisotropic inhomogeneous models.
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A Finite Element Method Whose Shape Functions are Constructed Thanks to a Boundary Element Method
Authors H. Barucq, A. Bendali, M. Fares, V. Mattesi and S. TordeuxThe numerical solution of wave propagation problems on very large domains (with respect to the wave length) is a very challenging problem. This is particularly true in the context of three dimensional problems where the large number of degrees of freedom can rapidly exceeds the capacity in storage and in computing even in the framework of massively parallel computer platforms. For time harmonic wave equation, classical volume methods suffer from the so called numerical pollution effect. Roughly speaking, it is necessary to augment the density of nodes to maintain a given level of accuracy, when increasing the size of the computational domain. This is mainly due to a bad approximation of the speed of propagation of the wave. However, these methods are well adapted to heterogeneous media. Numerical methods based on integral equation formulation, like boundary finite element method, do not suffer from the pollution effect since these technique are based on the evaluation of the Green function which contains exact information about the phase. In contrary, these techniques are hard to implement for heterogeneous media. During this talk we would like to present a numerical method which benefits from the advantages of both methods: low pollution effect and ability to handle heterogeneous media.
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3D Gaussian Beam Imaging of 3D3C VSP Data
By M. ProtasovThe approach to true amplitude seismic imaging for 3D Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) three component data is presented and discussed. This approach is migration procedure based on weighted summation of prestack data. True amplitude weights are computed with application of Gaussian beams. In order to get difraction image these beams are taken in a way forming so called selective images. Their geometry provides suppression of regularly reflected waves and, thus, emphasizes the presence of small-scale heterogeneities that give rise to diffracted/scattered waves. The use of P- and S-wave Gaussian beams provides the possibility to handle raw multi component data without of their preliminary separation to PP and PS waves.
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Efficient Deflection Angle Based Filtering for Waveform Inversion
Authors V.V. Kazei, E. Tessmer and T. AlkhalifahThe importance of accessing the scattering angle information has been recognized in ray-based applications a long time ago, but only recently became available in the field of wave equation based imaging and inversion. First it was implemented for wave equation migration velocity analysis, then reverse-time migration and finally full-waveform inversion. Conventional access to the scattering angle information in seismic imaging via wavefield continuation requires an extension either in space or in time, which is costly in terms of computational resources. For a single frequency this filtering can however be interpreted as a non-stationary convolutional filtering, which is expensive in general, but more so in 3D models. To obtain a more efficient scattering angle filter, we develop techniques that utilize the mapping nature (no domain extension) of the scattering angle based filter for constant-velocity background models. We split the background velocity model into regions with different velocity ranges, generating an "extension in velocity", so that in each region the velocity is assumed not to vary much. A numerical example demonstrates that a few samples in the newly introduced dimension is enough to apply the scattering angle filter. The filter can be utilized either for full-waveform inversion preconditioning or to clean up reverse-time migration artifacts. A novel interpolation is obtained by splitting the background velocity model with a smooth decomposition of unity
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Diffraction imaging of fault facies models
Authors M. Protasov, D. Kolyukhin, D. Qu, V. Tchevreda and J. TverangerSeimic data represent a largely untapped source for characterising of fault zones. The key for using it lies in linking fault zone structure and properties to seismic response. The recent development of outcrop-based fault zone models allows this links to be studied. A seismic imaging procedure for fault zones, using multicomponent surface data generated for statistical fault facies models, is presented and discussed. It is based on a specific imaging procedure, which consists in a weighted summation of multicomponent multishot/multioffset data and spectral filtering of seismic data. The imaging procedure presented here is capable of resolving details inside the fault zone, which opens up for using seismic data to characterize sub-surface faults.
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Uncertainty from Grain Scale to Reservoir Scale
Authors B.T. Wells, O. Hinds, R.A. Duller and R. WordenThe usefulness of reservoir modelling, and Earth modelling in general, is being significantly enhanced through incorporation of uncertainty analysis. Indeed the acceptance of geostatistics in general within the oil and gas industry relies largely on the ability of geostatistics to combine modelling of uncertainty with traditional modelling: the best prediction of values. This combination is accomplished by treating variance as a primary variable which has implications for those responsible for data collection. We seek to identify useful data collection strategies and highlight the changes necessary if data are to be used to model uncertainty in reservoir models.
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The Criteria of Decision-Making with Account of Risk and Uncertainty in Petroleum Exploration
Authors V.I. Poroskun and N.M. EmelyanovaThere are following criteria which are usually used while decision-making in petroleum exploration
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Evaluation the Value-of-Information (VOI) and Look Back Analysis During Modelling of the Exploration Works
Authors D.N Peskova, A.V. Sizykh and V.S. RukavishnikovPaper deals with actual problem about making decisions while development of the field. The main aim was to apply method ''Value of information'' in order to estimate the necessity of exploration works for the field and show the effectiveness of this method. The object of analysis - field X, which is located in the Eastern Siberia. The reservoir is B13 formation of Vend age. Field has complex structure, and divided into blocks by faults. During evaluation of the project, main uncertainties and oil in place were obtained for three blocks of the field. According to uncertainty analysis, it was suggested to drill new exploration well, and value of information method was applied to estimate results from this exploration works. Economic evaluation the value of information was made on the base of choosing optimal development strategy. According to the obtained results, drilling of the exploration wells for blocks 1 and 3 of the field X is a good decision, while drilling of a well in the second block is risky and not recommended. Also using the value of information, optimal well locations were advised – well 1_1e for the first block, and well 3_3 for the third block.
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Probabilistic and Statistical Model for Evaluation of Geological Uncertainties Influence on Project Economics
Authors M.V. Naugolnov, A.A. Borodkin, N.F. Teplyakov and M.S. BolshakovThis paper is dedicated to determination of the value of geological uncertainties and risks influence on project’s economic efficiency. Particularly, the developed software that is able to provide the full cycle of probabilistic and statistical oil field development evaluation is considered. The cycle of evaluation includes STOIIP estimation, reservoir evaluation (on depletion) and project’s economic evaluation
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A Stochastic Analysis of Value-of-Information Derived From Petroleum Systems Modelling
Authors A. Beha, G. Martinelli, D.A. Surovtsev and S.S. HuseinThis paper proposes a methodology to assess the value added to a prospect assessment through information provided by basin and petroleum system modeling methodology. The effects of a more detailed petroleum system model on a prospect assessment are usually more difficult to evaluate than the effect of new 3D seismic surveys on exploration prospects since the information provided by a BPSM has primarily a basin- or a play-wide extent. In order to evaluate potential benefits of a BPSM consistently we start by studying and evaluating in detail the ability of BPSM to predict hydrocarbon accumulations in a known (benchmark) basin. Second, we evaluate and quantify the sensitivity and specificity of this information in order to have a probability measure that could be generalized. Third, we apply such measurements to the assessment of the studied prospect in an analogue basin in order to calculate the revised geological chance of success. Fourth, we evaluate the impact of this revision on NPV through a full cycle analysis using a hypothetical development plan of the prospect to come up with a Value of Information assessment.
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Selection of the Optimal Regular Development Scheme under Conditions of Considerable Geological Uncertainties
Authors A.F. Nazmutdinov, A.P. Roshchektaev and V.N. SibilevThe objective of this project is to choose optimal development scheme of block Z Field Y that is stable for uncertainty in geology. “Optimal” here means “optimal in the mean” that brings the highest EMV. Absolute permeability field and relative permeabilities curves were chosen as uncertainties to investigate. Three relative permeability curves and three fields of absolute permeability were chosen, i.e. totally 9 geologies were involved in selection of the optimal development scheme process. Many calculations of various development schemes for each geologies (absolute and relative permeabilities) were made. Optimal completion type and well pattern were determined. Then there was an attempt to create NPV proxy model by means of spline approximation and artificial neural network. Both methods, based on 27 points for training showed poor results, that is number of training data points (simulation runs) should be increased to obtain satisfactory results. Obtained proxy models helps to assess influence of the Corey relative permeabilities’ parameters to production and therefore to the NPV.
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Integrated Sedimentological Analysis: a Key Approach for Volumetric Evaluation and Risk Assessment of Achimov Plays
Authors V.K. Piskunov, J. Rubino, S. Vitoux, T.S. Rychkova and O. SiccardiWidely spread in Western Siberia Achimov deposits are represented by fan complexes in slope and basin parts of Neocomian clinoform formation. Stratigraphic trapping plays a key role especially in areas outside of structural highs. Sequence stratigraphy analysis together with defining fan relationship with slope allows predicting main and intermediate seals effectiveness as well as reservoir position inside the clinoforms. Prediction of reservoir facies distribution combined with regional and worldwide analogs analysis also a key element for volumetric reserves evaluation. Defining of architectural elements such as lobes, slumps and channels helps to estimate reservoir geometry and range of key parameters (Gross&Net thickness, NTG, Porosity and Permeability). Thus complex sedimentological model based on logs, seismic, core and analogs analysis allows evaluating uncertainty range of parameters and probability of success especially in poorly well constrained areas. Such detailed approach resulted in identification of areas with reserves density above economic threshold. As a consequence exploration well drilling is now considered to prove the presence of developable reservoirs within the considered license.
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Studies of Mid-Jurassic Thin Beds in Conditions of Presence of the Anomalous Bazhen Suite (Shirotnoe Priobje Case)
Authors M.V. Skaryatin, A.V. Shubin, D.V. Klyazhnikov and V.I. RyzhkovAuthors propose guidelines for investigation of thin reservoirs in conditions of overlaying amplitude anomalies noise. The Mid-Jurassic rocks were deposited in different sedimentary environments. The lower part represents fluvial bodies deposited inland and in delta plain, and the upper part is transgressive shoreface sand. Small thicknesses of the sand bodies do not allow to be resolved in seismic due to the vertical resolution limitation. However, these bodies can be laterally resolved and mapped. The presence of coal beds and overlaying anomalous section of the Bazhen Suite complicates the interpretation. The proposed solutions include creation of the mask of the Bazhen Suite amplitude anomalies, combination of attribute analysis, inversion, Bayes probability classification and well data. The overlapped Bazhen mask with maps can filter the influence of the anomalous Bazhen Suite. As a result of the Bayes classification, the effective thickness map was formed. Shapes of the various attribute anomalies underline the lateral distribution of sand bodies and help in tracing of those. Well data provided facies control of the identified sand bodies. The applications of the proposed methods cover Shirotnoe Priobje region and other fluvial systems around the world, which are prospective in terms of discoveries of hydrocarbon accumulations.
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Jurassic and Cretaceous Tectonic Evolution of the Demerara Plateau – Implications for South Atlantic Opening
Authors K.C. Casey, A.K. Krueger and I. NortonThe Demerara Plateau is located on the northeast South America continental margin between 5° and 10° North, marking the northwest corner of the equatorial segment of the Atlantic Ocean. It is conjugate to the Guinea Plateau on the African margin which rifted from the Demerara during the Early Cretaceous opening of the Central Atlantic. Published studies of the Demerara Plateau are focused on its Cretaceous history, when the northern edge of the platform was formed by trans-tensional deformation along Atlantic transform faults, and its eastern edge by extensional deformation during rifting. The platform itself is commonly interpreted as a continental block left behind following South Atlantic rifting. Seismic data across the plateau reveal significant compressional deformation beneath an Albian unconformity. We suggest that this deformation is the result of early opening of the South Atlantic, with a rotation pole located close to the present-day Amazon delta. Allowing for this compression in plate reconstructions of the South Atlantic results in restorations which do not require large amounts of intra-continental deformation in South America, and consequently in a relatively simple plate model for the South Atlantic
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Prediction the Relative Changes of the Reservoir Permeability
Authors E.A. Korolev, A.I. Rozhkova, A.A. Shevchenko, K.A. Smirnov and G.M. GoloshubinTraditional approach to predict reservoir properties involves map construction of the expected net thicknesses and porosity on the base of attribute analysis of the wave field and inversion results. The reservoir permeability is an important parameter for field development and its forecast on the base of seismic data analysis is not widely spread, although there are publications that illustrate the possibility of such forecast. The article presents the results of applying the frequency-dependent seismic attribute, which can be characterized as an indicator of fluid mobility and may represent the relative changes in the reservoir permeability. This attribute aimed at detecting of frequency anomalies in the spectrum of the wave group, reflected from porous fractured reservoir. In accordance with analytical solution the changing of the attribute values along the reflector indicates the proportional variation of the reservoir permeability.
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Sedimentary Control as a key to Predict Natural Reservoirs Structure (Case Study of Pokur Formation, Western Siberia)
Authors V.A. Zhemchugova and M.O. BerbenevMost of hydrocarbon resources of Russko-Chaselskiy ridge is associated with reservoirs of Pokur Formation. It is composed generally of alluvial sandstones and shales. Due to genesis Pokur reservoirs have complex structure and localized spread within ancient alluvial plains. Performed integrated interpretation of well and 3D seismic data allowed to estimate new perspective fields and to geometrize oil and gas pulls.
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Givetian Sedimentation in the Southern Part of Buzuluk Depression
More LessStudy area is the southern plunge of Buzuluk Depression, which belongs to Middle Volga petroleum region (south of the Volga-Urals petroleum basin). Main hydrocarbon productivity is related to terrigenous and carbonate deposits of Eifelian and Givetian. They are represented by Klintsy, Mosolovo, Vorobyevka and Ardatov horizons within study area. These deposits contain oil and condensate pools in the Zaykinsko-Zorinskoe, Sakharovskoe, Garshinskoe, Rostashinskoe, Konnovskoe and other fields. Givetian productive sandstones and overlying clayey seals have various reservoir properties and complicated distribution of the reservoirs in the section. It is first caused by depositional environments. Complex analysis of results of macroscopic and microscopic core examination, well logs and seismic data interpretation allowed developing sedimentary models of Middle Devonian deposits. It became a reason for prediction of petroleum reservoirs distribution within the section. Givetian sandstone reservoirs within areas with increased thickness of overlying seals are the most perspective from the viewpoint of hydrocarbon productivity. Consideration of these sedimentological and tectonic factors may help to discover new oil and gas fields within the southern plunge of Buzuluk Depression. Application of received conclusions in oil and gas exploration may raise the level of its effectiveness.
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Technique of Paleochannels Identification Within Tyumen Suite Using Spectral Decomposition Method
Authors O.Y. Kirzeleva, T.N. Kiryanova, R.Y. Kopenkin, E.I. Bronskova and D.V. KlyazhnikovThis work uses real examples to consider the method of mapping the objects of riverbed genesis, which have been associated with Tyumen units in accordance with the results of Spectral Decomposition of 3D seismic data.
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Methodology of Detection of Oil-Saturated Zones in the Middle Jurassic Sedimentary Rocks in Western Siberia
Authors I.V. Privalova, G.M. Goloshubin, Y.A. Tcimbaluk and P.S. RusakovThe technique of detection of oil-saturated zones within Middle Jurassic reservoirs in cross-well space was shown. The methodology is based on the low-frequency amplitude analysis of the seismic data using the results of well logging. The technique involves accounting for reservoir's thickness variations, and allows to separate oil-saturated zones from water-saturated.
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Geological Modeling of Complex Traps of Oil and Evaluation of Prospects for Tight Reservoirs Bobrikovian
Currently, oil and gas industry is increasingly focusing on the development of unconventional hydrocarbon accumulations. Today there are questions to involve the development of a significant number of accumulations of oil and gas reserves that were previously considered uneconomic. So, the development of oil deposits, confined to bb-rd age sandstone reservoirs in one of the fields of the Samara region, showed excess amounts of cumulative production compared with the calculated reserves. Refinement of geological model based on the analysis and comparison of the data of drilling, seismic surveys , studies and testing core collectors suggesting that the source of unaccounted oil reserves may be part of the roof bb sand in the dome of raising with lower (below conditional values) data collector properties according to GIS.
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Retrospective Evaluation of the Structural Mapping Accuracy on the Oil Fields of the Company "Gazprom Neft
More LessStructural mapping is important part of seismic interpretation. In this study was analyzed the seismic data in several fields. Given the accuracy levels of mapping for different oil fields and differen geological intervals. Shows the change of mapping accuracy over time (drilling new wells).
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I3D Attribute Enhances Fault Recognition in Seismic Data
Authors Y. Yu and I. MardanovaUnderstanding the complexity of the fault system is critical for well path planning and production analysis. Currently there are few well known seismic attributes that are routinely used by geoscientists to reveal and display fault patterns in a formation. These attributes are based on the algorithms that are inferring geometrical properties from spatial variations in seismic Amplitude data. Although proved to be helpful for the fault identification, these attributes frequently exhibit low vertical resolution and presence of noise overall. In this paper we describe how new fault attributes (named I3D) can help to clean up the geometry-based seismic attributes and improve the fault identification.
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Evaluation Criteria of Model Stationarity, Based on Seismic Wavefield, in Terms of Seismic Inversion
More LessThe main methods of interpolation and extrapolation used in the interpretation of seismic, including seismic inversion, are based on the representation geological media, as a model that can be described by stationary functions. Synthetic model described the laws as measured from wells depends on the geometry of the irregular sampling of drilling data and on the position of geologic facies and existing wells. Using the seismic field, can allow more effectively assess the stationarity of model of the medium under study. This work is devoted to the study of the seismic wave field capacity to assess the stationarity of model of the geological environment and the analytical description of the model parameters, in addition the evaluation criteria of stationarity, based on seismic considered.
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Inflow Performance Relationship for Horizontal Oil Wells in Fractured Reservoirs
Authors A. Jahanbani Ghahfarokhi, O. Torsæter and M. MoradiInvestigation of the rate-pressure behavior of oil wells is of great importance in well performance evaluation and optimization. Several authors reported that for horizontal wells, the shape of the inflow performance relationship curves is similar to those predicted by the Vogel or Fetkovich methods or a combination of them. However, the complex flow regime existing around a horizontal well precludes using simple empirical methods that are limited in applications. This paper presents an analytical approach for determination of inflow performance for horizontal wells in fractured reservoirs producing during the boundary dominated flow regime using the results of well test analysis. The proposed method, which is an extension of a general approach previously presented by the authors, is then applied to an example horizontal well in a naturally fractured reservoir. The generated IPR curve is then compared with selected methods of horizontal well performance analysis. Results of comparison show that this study is in very good agreement with Joshi method which is a widely accepted method.
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Consideration of Possible Signs of Promising Oil and Gas Facilities in Western Siberia from the Position of Seismic
Authors S. Kiselev and I. GorbachevToday works are carried out related to the quantitative assessment of the parameters of the stress-strain state of rocks in areas with projected increased tectonic fractures that according to researchers, can provide greater confidence in the exploration and exploitation of new oil and gas deposits. Obviously there are problems associated with the exploration and exploitation of new deposits of hydrocarbons in reservoirs with predominantly fractured porosity occurred under the influence of tectonic forces. Anomalies of the elastic parameters of sedimentary rocks, obtained by modern tools, can be a valuable indicator of possible new sites search.
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Development of Exploration Project in the Uvat Area, South of Western Siberia
Authors K.Y. Zervando and V.G. SafonovThe report demonstrates the main results of exploration activities within the Uvat project in the last 10 years. The experience of application of the new techniques such as inversion and basin modeling is described. The evolution of ideas about geology and regional petroleum potential of Uvat area is also described.The profile of successful E&A drilling and growth of recoverable oil reserves in 12 years is given, which reflects the efficiency of the geological study strategy for the Uvat project generated by studying the results of exploration activities and scientific and analytical support. This approach can be used on other major projects of the company at an early stage of their development
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Metamorphosis of Geological Conception Seam Structure at a Late Stage of Development
By A.K. BazanovShown how with use of DV Geo (2D/3D geological modeling) many problems was solved, on the example of one of A field pay zone in Western Siberia where incorrect geological view of a structure of object led to emergence of considerable problems in case of field development. In the issue was accepted new concept of a geological structure of object by the subsoil user, concept passed examination of FBU GKZ, reserves of sheet deposit were entered in books
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Structural-Facies Zonation of the Bazhenov Formation in the South Licence Domain of Priobskoe Field
Authors M.A. Ostapchuk and A.E. GavrilovNowadays Bazhenov Formation is in focus of exploration as reservoir. Reservoir quality is the function of structural-facies zonation. In this paper lithological, correlation and structural questions are presented. Zonation is based on three representative wells with full core and extended well log data. First of all, all deposits are described by target classification. Then they are allocated in the different structural or sedimentary source distance zone. In the result all of them are assigned of different level of prospects.
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Increased Utilization of Associated Gas at Field “N” in the Framework of Infrastructure Constraints
Authors A.I. Burykin and M.O. PisarevThe main problem addressed in this study is the lack of infrastructure of field “N”, and the inability to dispose of the entire volume of associated gas that will be extracted from the field in the coming years. The solution must meet the following criteria: 1) The solution should be implemented within 6 months. 2) The method must be as cost-effective. 3) The solution should allow to recycle the maximum volume of associated gas, to reduce the harmful effects on the environment. The classification of the main methods of utilization of associated petroleum gas was build. The best way was recognized method of selling gas with transportation by pipeline. All options for the sale of associated gas were studied. The most cost-effective option is simultaneous sale of associated gas to the Gazprom gas processing plant, Vyngapur gas processing plant and to the Vyngayahskaya compressor station, using existing compressor with a capacity of 170 MMsm3/year and one new compressor with a capacity of 500 MMsm3/year. This option had the highest net present value and index rate of return.
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Hydraulic Fracture and Reservoir Parameters Estimation Based on Production History
Authors B.R. Minnebaev and T.R AkhmedshinHydraulic fracturing is one of the most popular stimulation operations that are used especially for low permeability reservoirs. The technique is based on injection into the well fluid at pressure that is higher than fracturing pressure. Proppant materials are used to maintain fractures in open conditions. Therefore, evaluation of main hydraulic fracturing parameters such as length, height is a relative objective. To achieve these objectives there a lot of techniques occur. Estimation of main parameters of fracture based on production and downhole pressure data on real oil field will be done. The obtained results will be compared with real reports of service companies and analyze. The limitations of that technique are large uncertainties depending on assumptions and absence of pre-fracture data. One of the methods of estimation of hydraulic parameters estimation is based on determination of flow regime that is based on development of diagnostic log-log plots. For this purpose Rate Normalized Pressure (RNP) and equivalent material balance time were used. Production data matching in the software product has been selected as an alternative method of production data analysis. Estimation of fracture parameters based on production data does not require additional investments.
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Selection of the Optimal Technology of Re-Fracturing on Horizontal Wells with Multi-Stage Fracturing at the Field M
Authors M.V. Firsin and E.A. DemidovaIn order to achieve economical profitability from hydrocarbon production from formations a lot of horizontal wells are stimulated by means of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing operations. However, as analysis of production data shows duration of effect after this kind of stimulation is not long, average duration is about 9-10 months. This decline in well productivities leafs to necessity of re-fracturing. Despite the causes of productivity decline, whether it is failures during primary stimulation or natural reservoir depletion, re-fracturing operation allows to restore productivity indexes and attract new recoverable reserves. Basically, two ways to perform re-fracturing are suggested, they are: 1) re-fracturing in existing perforation intervals., 2) re-fracturing by establishing additional fractures between existing ones. Based on the achieved analysis results, a set of recommendations can be made: 1. Using more aggressive design for re-fracturing operation gives higher increase in well’s productivities relative to design of primary stimulation 2. Re-fracturing in existing perforation intervals is not effective with comparison to establishing additional fractures 3. Influence of interference between additional and existing fractures should be taken into account prior to selection quantity of new fractures at re-fracturing operations
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A Study of Miscible Displacement Mechanism of Alcohol Mixture by Coreflooding
Authors F. Srisuriyachai, T. Karnchanamuntana, P. Trinavarat and S. BenjatanontAlcohol flooding is one of miscible flooding techniques and the major benefit over others is that the miscibility can be achieved at very low pressure. The ability of alcohol to create miscibility with both oil and water results in single-phase flow, yielding the maximum flow ability at absolute permeability. Oil soluble alcohol and water soluble alcohol are selected and mixed at appropriate proportion to create maximum miscibility region on ternary phase diagram. From the study, a mixture of methanol and butanol with a ratio of 4:6 results in the best miscibility power in oil-brine-alcohol system. Correction of miscibility due to pressure is performed in coreflood machine and moreover, effects of alcohol slug size and initial oil saturation are investigated. Pressure difference across core sample is observed as it is related to number of flowing phase in core sample. From the experiment, it is observed that alcohol slug size of 0.4 pore volume yields the best miscibility condition as it can prevent loss of miscibility from chasing water. High initial oil saturation is not desirable condition as it can quickly deplete butanol from alcohol slug. Higher portion of butanol would be required in case of high initial oil saturation.
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Development System Optimization on the Basis of Integrated Block-Facial Analysis
Authors D.I. Nigmatzianova, V.N. Sibilev, P.A. Beschasova and A.A. MironenkoTyumen suite deposits of the field T are referred to continental and subcontinental deposition environment and characterized by significant facial variety, high lateral heterogeneity and irregularity of geological bodies. Field - geological analysis of reserves recovery and development current status is conducted using traditional methods on the basis of regions, distinguished as a result of deposit dividing into waterflooding blocks and cells. Such approach do not take into account complex details of field geologic structure, therefore definition of blocks, bounded by facies and injection wells, is suggested. Subsequently, comparison of current and cumulative well performance and reserves recovery in different facial blocks is necessary. On the basis of constructed plots recommendations for the future development optimization of certain blocks should be given. The next aim is definition of geological heterogeneity parameter as a relationship between sweep efficiency coefficient and stream tube length for different facies. Thereafter, on the ground of these functions, select the most effective parameters of approved development system for undrilled areas in the context of technologic and economic performance.
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Impact of Assessment of Oil and Gas Horizons on Reliability of Reserve Estimation
Authors A. Narimanov and L. AlimuradovaIt is well known that the success of any oil company based on the state of the reserves-referenced oil and gas production. The growth of actual reserves, which are ready for their recovery in the near and foreseeable future, is a strategically important task for each oil company and generally for the state. Therefore, it is important to update the estimation of the hydrocarbon potential of the producing fields continuously by using new methods and technologies. In the connection with this, the problem considered in this paper is relevant. Conclusions: - In order to enhance the evaluation of reserves and resources of the fields, the more detailed approach in the selection of evaluation objects. On the example of the horizons examined partly (divided into objects) it is shown the deviation from the accepted reservoir evaluation system Detailed approach also allows to quickly analyze and evaluate different exploitation options for enhanced oil recovery. - Such approach allows to adjust and optimize the process of development and redevelopment of hydrocarbon horizons, and this ultimately affects the economic efficiency of the exploitation (in addition to the clarification of hydrocarbon reserves, explore the nature of saturation in 3D (by area and the vertically))
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Process-Based Benchmark Study on the Johansen Formation Analyzing Compositional and Thermal Effects During CCS
Authors K. Kurgyis, R. Manasipov and B. JeneiThe remarkable increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, particularly carbon-dioxide (CO2) is often assumed as one of the main causes of the climatic changes. A potential short-term mitigation to these is a reduction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions into the atmosphere via capture and geological storage, a process that has been studied over the last two decades. An important aspect of understanding the migration process is the simulation of large-scale projects. The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of the relevant processes occurring in the second phase of CCS on the storage capacity and on the behaviour of CO2 plume in the reservoir: influence of thermal processes on the spreading of CO2, phase transfer (the amount of CO2 in free gas form and dissolved in brine), leakage and the impacts of these processes on the pressure distribution in the field. For this purpose, three subcases were introduced where CO2 is injected into a deep saline aquifer of the Johansen Formation.
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Design And Optimization Of Matrix Acidizing In a Middle East Carbonate Reservoir
Authors H. Jafarpour, D.G. Petrakov, A. Khormali and A.S. GaltcovaOne of the noticeable points for maintaining the reservoir productivity is to increase the efficiency of production by the removal of formation damage. Improving the production and decreasing the skin by dissolving the formation damage and creating new pathways around wellbore are the most important goals of matrix acidizing. In this work, we use the available production history and the accomplished operation on the well in the field for our analysis. The executed actual matrix acidizing operation has been simulated by a software (StimCADE) to estimate and evaluate the well operation after acidizing. In addition, the volume and the injection rate of operation have been optimized with the highest efficiency to minimize the formation damage skin. By comparing the simulation results of actual acidizing operation which have been done with the results of optimized acidizing operation, indicated the positive effect of optimization of matrix acidizing operation on decreasing the skin factor in this case of carbonate reservoir and also indicated that using HCl 28% as the first batch of main fluid and HCl 15% as the second batch of main fluid leads to the best result in this case in decreasing the skin factor.
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Numerical Simulation of the Characteristics of Mud Invasion and Residual Oil Distribution in Low Permeability Reservoir
Authors Y.J. Jiang, J.M. Sun and J.S. GaoThe original distribution of formation fluid around the well will be changed while mud filtrate invades permeability formations. Based on the water-oil phase flow theory and convective diffusion theory, the method ofnumerical simulation is applied to build the formation model for the study of the characteristics of mud invasion in low permeability reservoir, researching the distribution characteristics of salinity, water saturation, resistivity and remaining oil around the well during mud invasion. The numerical simulation results of mud invasion in different permeability formation show that mud invasion depth increases as permeability increases in the same invasion time in low permeability reservoir, and the invasion profile of salinity , water saturation ,resistivity and remaining oil change obviously as invasion time increases. Combined with practical well numerical simulation analysis found that the characteristics and resistivity separation of array induction logging response influenced by mud invasion depth and invasion time.The simulated results show that the distribution of remaining oil have obvious relationship with reservoir fluid property. Correctly understanding the characteristics of mud invasion and the distribution of remaining oil around the well can improve the accuracy in electric logging reservoir evaluation.
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The Principles of Geostatic Modeling of Complex Clay Collectors (as Demonstrated by Modeling North Buzachi Field
Authors S. Istekova and G. ZhylkybayevaThe article covers the issues of creating a detailed geological model of a complex terrigenous reservoir by using the geostatic modeling algorithms. High-precision 3D seismic survey interpretation results, petrophysical core sample analysis and well-logging data were used to address those issues. Complex geological interpretation of entire seismic survey and well data has made it possible to create an updated seismic-geological structural model of the North Buzachi field.
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Discovery of the Gas Field in Slope Turbidites of Northwestern Black Sea Shelf
Authors V.N. Koloskov, O.V. Pinous, D.N. Nadezhkin, A.A. Aseev, M.V. Brichikova, V.A. Gorchilin and M.N. FonchikovaThe northwestern Black Sea represents the region that accumulates the bulk of river drainage sediments (up to 80%) for the entire basin. The key interest is the zone of turbidite sedimentation at the continental slope and near its base, where the most interesting prospects might be localized. The regional analysis was conducted with focus on structural styles, sequence stratigraphy and petroleum systems. The large gravitational slump was identified as the key tectonic element of the area. It demonstrates a series of normal faults in the landward zone and large thrust in its frontal part. The anticipated traps have been related to the roll-over and toe-thrust anticlines. In addition, the large-scale units of basin-floor fans, slope fans and mass-transport complexes have been detected and mapped. As a result of detailed analysis of the 3D seismic data, we have mapped the main and secondary prospects of the area. The key geological processes and factors that have led to the trap formation and possible hydrocarbon fill have been identified too. The drilling of Lyra-1X well has eventually led to discovery of the large gas field with the reservoirs that have been formed in the slope turbidite lobe
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Fractal Analysis of Hydrocarbon Accumulations for Field S Confined to Vyngapursky Bank
Authors M.I. Lezhnina, V.S. Rukavishnikov and A.A. TimirgalinEstimation of hydrocarbon potential is an essential part of the field exploration. It usually involves traditional methods. Nevertheless, there are many alternative methods of quantitative estimation of potential reserves at the particular area nowadays and fractal analysis is one of them. This method of hydrocarbon potential prediction was applied for one of the field confined to Vyngapursky bank, Western Siberia. During fractal analysis volume of undiscovered oil estimated as 54 mln.tons of oil, where Neocomian complex includes 26.85 mln.tons and Jurassic – 19.75 mln.tons of potential oil resources. From the exploration maturity point of view, the Field S is highly studied, up for 90%, while for Cretaceous layers up for 95%, Jurassic layers up for 78%. Jurassic complex was estimated the most perspective over the Field S, since it has 28% of undiscovered hydrocarbons yet, So, this volumes occupies an area, concentrated at seismic anomaly area within the study area, and equals to 78 km2 . The amount of potential accumulations vary from 5 to 52.
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Theory and Practice of Kinetics in Petroleum Systems Modeling
More LessThe work describes the difference between the approaches to estimate the generation potential of oil and gas components of source rocks effectiveness, depending on the degree of maturation. It is substantiated the necessity of chemical kinetics studies of source rocks from core samples and outcrops for petroleum systems modeling. It is shown the much better calibration of the known fields on the Gydan peninsula with the modeled ones of BPSM project in the use of the recovered kinetic of Tanopchinskaya suite.
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Additional Exploration of the Oilfields with Complex Tectonics During Production Drilling
Authors D.V. Borisenok, T.I. Kosarev, F.A. Burkov, R.N. Vasilyev and K.V. GorevThe article discusses the main methods for improving accuracy of the structural model using well data obtained during production drilling. Recommended approaches are used for additional exploration of the structural elements when dealing with tectonically complex oilfields. The examples show how a structural analysis of the well data allows to refine the results of seismic interpretation, calculate and forecast structural parameters for the well planning purposes
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Advanced Reservoir Characterization in a Low Resistivity Gas Play Integrating Surface and Downhole data–Offshore Ecuador
Authors I.F. Fornasier, F.B. Bringer, O.M. Morales, P.D. Delgado, J.R. Rodas, I.D.S. De Santo and S.R.K. RajaThis paper illustrates a very successful application of an integrated workflow including surface and downhole logging, to unlock the hydrocarbon potential of a thin-laminated, low resistivity pay in South America. Unknown water salinity and undifferentiated resistivity across the interval, made the identification of the pay and the estimation of hydrocarbon saturation very challenging. However, the use of tri-axial resistivity induction allowed to identify the presence of thin laminations and the advanced surface fluid logging (ASFL) system proved the presence of hydrocarbons. The combination of these measurements with high-resolution magnetic resonance, dipole sonic scanning and wireline formation pressure allowed to further define the presence and extension of the hydrocarbon accumulation.
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Experience of Implementation of Low-Frequency Seismic Sounding at Exploration Stage in the Samara Region
Authors I.R. Sharapov, A.E. Manasyan, S.P. Papukhin, N.Y. Shabalin, V.A. Rizhov and S.A. FeofilovSeismic survey is the traditional method for prospecting and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits. It is used mostly to define the geometry of reservoir and its porosity and permeability however productivity evaluation of identified local structures still stays unsolved. In the last 15-20 years started the active development of geophysical methods based on the analysis of natural low-frequency microseismic noise of the earth. These methods solve problems of hydrocarbon prospecting. One of such types of microseismic surveys is the Low-frequency seismic sounding (LFS) method. Application of LFS method at the exploration stage within the license areas of OJSC "Samaraneftegaz" in Samara region is conducted since 2011. Designated purpose of LFS surveys on this area is prospecting and supplementary exploration of hydrocarbon deposits also determination of optimal location for further drilling. Efficiency of LFS surveys at the areas of the OJSC "Samaraneftegaz" during the 2011-2013 is estimated 90%. 30 wells have been drilled using the results of LFS surveys and 27 of them confirmed the forecast
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Benchmark Case Study: Development Optimizaton of Synthetic Model of Shestakovo’s Outcrop Using Proxy Modelling
Authors E.M. Sochilovich and N.V. BukhanovIn the presented report the essay for optimizing development strategy of the synthetic outcrop model and estimation of STOOIP using proxy-model has been undertaken. The development relates to the geological model that describes Shestakovo’s outcrop, placed in the West-Syberia region. The described outcrop shows fluvial-deltaic deposition environment, fluvial formation characterized by braided river with layered structure and average petrophysical properties ϕ=25%, k=200mD. For the proxy-modelling application it was necessary to suggest base case development strategy. After conducted analysis, case with horizontal wells and injectors (located out to the OWC) was chosen as base case and further optimization can be provided. Proxy-modelling was run in order to choose location of the horizontal wells that was increase amount of the cumulative oil production. The 15 training and 5 validation data was calculated using universal kriging proxy as most suitable for model complex responses. It was mentioned that boreholes tend to translate the wells to the zones with maximum value of NtG and poroperm properties. The estimation of STOOIP was done using proxy-modeling and through conventional method. The advantages of the proxy consist in the faster and optimal evaluation that can be considered on the large and heterogeneous reservoirs.
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Field Development Analysis Based on Analytical Approach in Order to Improve Simulation Reservoir Performance Prediction
Authors V. Kalinic and M. KamartdinovReservoir simulation represents powerful tool for future prediction of reservoir performance. However it is exposed to subjectivity of reservoir engineer. Therefore, analytical approach is used to reduce subjective influence of interpreter and improve future reservoir performance prediction accuracy. Material Balance is used in order to reduce uncertainties prior to simulation modeling. Initially connected hydrocarbon volumes (STOIIP) was determined. This was followed by determination of possible reservoir compartmentalization and determination of hydrocarbon contact. Since adequate Material Balance model was determined, estimation of reservoir drive mechanisms through analysis of reservoir pressure and fluid production was performed. Further, more efficient history matching procedure was conducted. Eventually, future performance prediction using analytical approach was performed. Finally, results obtained using Material Balance analysis were used for more accurate simulation and performance prediction. These results were compared and studied in order to provide recommendations for field development optimization.
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Regularity of Filitration Properties Distribution in Oil Bearing Reservoir with Complex Geological Structure
Authors V.P. Merkulov, L.A. Krasnoshchekova, M.O. Korovin and D.A. CherdantsevaThe main theme of this article is determination and investigation of permeability heterogeneity in oil bearing reservoirs provided on a certain oil field. The complex of methods reflecting the filtration permeability in rocks included: palaeomagnetical, petrophysical, lithological, morphological and microtextural analysis. As a result, of such investigation the directions of improved quartz grains orientation (in sandstones) were determined. Maximum magnetic and acoustic fluctuations are connected with detected directions and confirm the presence of fractured zones and pore space spread in sandstones. Spatial orientation of clastic material is dependent on flow potential and filtration characteristics that control the sedimentary basins and predefine the porous matrix structure and filtration heterogeneity.
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Modelling of the Achimov Fm Development in the Context of Exploration Immaturity
Authors A.I. Kirillov and A.K. MaltsevThe work presents the results of sector geological and hydrodynamic modelling in three different facies zones of the Achimov Fm (distal, proximal parts, and alluvial fan apex) with the purpose of predicting oil production levels in the conditions of low exploration maturity of the field.
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Optimal Sequence of Gas Field Investigations from the Kovycta Gas-Condensate Field
Authors I.V. Buddo, N.V. Misurkeeva, Y.A. Agafonov and A.S. SmirnovThe abstract describes experience of various geophysical methods application for Kovykta Gas-condensate field exploration. The sequence of geophysical studies for field exploration is shown as well as general geologic results. Shown than the best effectiveness of gas field exploration can be achieved when comprehensive analysis of geological-geophysical data is applied.
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Reservoir Monitoring Offshore Sakhalin
Authors M. van der Veen and I. CheremisinaSakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd. is developing the Piltun-Astokhskoye oil field and the Lunskoye gas field off the north-eastern coast of Sakhalin. As part its reservoir management strategy, Sakhalin Energy has conducted 4D seismic surveys to monitor oil and gas extraction and water injection. The company's first 4D survey was recorded in 2010 across the Astokh area. The information distilled from that survey supported development of the Astokh area in the following years. In 2015, the company recorded further 4D seismic surveys, this time expanding subsurface coverage to all of its producing fields. The year 2015 was selected on the basis of forward modelling of representative reservoir models of the fields to be covered. The surveys were designed to maximise repeatability between baseline and monitor surveys. The Piltun-Astokhskoye 4D survey was conducted in an environmentally sensitive area, which placed constraints on the geophysical operations in terms of timing and the amount of noise emitted into the environment. The resulting seismic 4D data will support future field development.
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Integration of Earth Models in Total Seismic Response for Reservoir Monitoring
Authors A. Aristarkhov, I. Kerusov and D. MiroshnichenkoThe processes occurring in reservoir during its development are complex and interdependent. Corresponding changes of elastic parameters within the investigated interval influence seismic wavefield. The origin of such changes can be various and integrated. In order to split the integrated effects, it is necessary to attract multidisciplinary geoinformation. Each of the studied processes must be represented in the corresponding Earth model. This study demonstrates the influence, caused by reservoir development processes, on 4D seismic response. 4D seismic modeling was performed using the set of Earth models built for one of the offshore oilfields. As the result of the modeling, the optimal 4D acquisition technique was designed to register such changes of seismic wavefield.
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Evaluation of Potential of Multi-Fractured Horizontal Wells in Comparison with S-Shape Wells on Field X
Authors K.D. Salavatullin and M.O. PisarevIn this work application of hydraulic fracturing in wells of different geometry (S-shape and horizontal) will be considered and selection of the most attractive geometry will be justified in conditions of the physical and economic constraints. Also we have to conduct fracturing optimization both in vertical and multistage fractured horizontal wells. Currently, there is no universal commercial software to provide optimization of fracturing, which take into account physical and economical constrains in real field condition. In the current project analytical model of fracture optimization design will be combined with simulation model to predict post-treatment production more accurate. It is worthwhile to mention that in case of horizontal wellbore geometry, optimization problem becomes more complex since issue of number of fractures selection arises. Whereas, the number of fracturing stages has influence on fracture parameters. Optimization will be conduct for the purpose of increasing of gas production and maximizing of economic efficiency.
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Simulation of Reservoirs with Multiple Scale Fracturing
Authors S.P. Rodionov, V.P. Kosyakov, O.N. Pichugin and A.A. PyatkovThe share of the world's hydrocarbon reserves, related to fractured reservoirs is over 20%. Some studies have shown based on the Nelson criterion that reservoirs in Western Siberia with the terrigenous reservoir type are characterized by a significant influence of fractures on production. Tectonic disturbances have multiple scale features: there are non-conductive and conductive fractures as well as the decompression zone with small fractures. This raises the question of adequate reservoir modeling with multiple scale fracturing. The point is that a simulation of large fractures within the continuum mechanics framework is incorrect and a simulation of small fractures within the discrete fracture model is time consuming and impractical. It is also important to consider the relationship between fracture conductivity and pressure, and to be able to specify both conductive and nonconductive fractures. Therefore, it is important to develop an appropriate and productive software for this task. A new software was developed for simulating water flooding in reservoirs with multiple scale fracturing using novel numerical method. The relationship between fracture opening and water flooding performance was studied in fractured porous reservoirs accounting for the relationship between fracture permeability and pressure. The relationship between injection rate and production performance in fractured porous reservoirs was studied. Analytical and numerical study of the relationship between the well placement system and the oil recovery in fractured zonally heterogeneous reservoirs and porous reservoirs was performed.
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Proppant Impact on Fractured Well Productivity in Gas Condensate Reservoir
By D. KrasnovGoal of current work is to estimate different proppant types and placements impact on well productivity in gas condensate reservoir which is developed by vertical wells with hydraulic fracturing. Theoretical review of processes in gas condensate reservoirs was conducted. Condensate distribution inside and around hydraulically fractured well was investigated. Equation for additional pressure drop due to presence of condensate bank was derived. Relative pemeabilities were obtained using modified Brooks and Corey model. Alternative description of non-Darcy flow in gas condensate reservoirs was considered. In order to provide sensitivity analysis for well and fracture parameters using different proppant types, mech sizes and various techniques of proppant placement original program was built based on MS Excel VBA. Approach for gas reservoir performance estimation was extended to gas condensate case. Main results of conducted sensitivity analysis for various proppants and placements are: 1. Condensate dropping leads to similarity in different proppant types and mech sizes use. Proppants become more similar in the production context with gas enrichment. 2. Consideration of alternative proppant pack placement such as creation of high permeable channels in current study may not give significant increasing of production in case of gas well.
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Deep Structure of the Barents-Kara Region According to Geophysical Investigations Along 1-AR and 2-AR Geotravers
Authors A.S. Egorov, I.Y. Vinokurov, A.P. Kalenich, E.S. Belevskaya and A.S. AgeevPrincipal basis of the Earth’s crust deep structure investigations of Barents- Kara region and adjusent continental structures are DSS and CDP seismic sections. Additional features of the crust are estimated by results of inverse problems of gravimetry and magnetometry, magnetotelluric data and results of geothermic modelling. On the basis of these diverse data the radial-zoning model of the Earth’s crust was grounded. The principal objects of the model are: blocks (paleoplates) of continental type and interblock junction zones (structures of tension, compression or shear type). These objects are identified with confidence on geotransect sections and on maps as areas of geophysical parameters stationarity (blocks) or gradient zones (interblock junction zones). Comparison of coordinated map and deep sections of Barents- Kara region and adjusted continental structures provides imaging of regularities of spatial distribution of: cratons (East-European and Siberian); Grenvillian Barents fold area; Baikalian Timan-Pechora, Enisey an Taimyr fold areas; Hercynian Uralian and Central-West-Siberian fold areas; Cimmerian Paykhoi –Novozemelskiy fold area. Representation of sedimentary cover of Barents, Timan-Pechora, South- and North-Kara basins in the form of transparent layer of the map provides obtaining the principal new interpretation of deep structure of the Earth’s crust features, tectonics and geodynamics of the region.
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Petroleum Potential of Paleozoic and Mesozoic Strata of Barents – North Kara Region Based on The Arctic Island Outcrops’ Studies
Fieldtrips, outcrops’ studies and further rock sample analyses are the cheapest and more effective way to get additional geological information about stratigraphy, lithology, petroleum potential and tectonic features of rocks of the Arctic region. In a period of 2013-2015 VSEGEI provides three fieldtrips for Rosneft Oil Company on Severnaya Zemlya, Novaya Zemlya and Franz Joseph Land islands. The same geological structure and age model of the onshore and offshore areas allow us to forecast lithological model, source rocks and reservoirs units and their distribution within the Arctic shelf area. So based on analytical data of rock samples main petroleum systems’ elements (source rocks, reservoirs, seals, possible migration pathways) and their geochemical and petrophysical characteristics were identified for North Kara and North Barents provinces
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Overview and Timing of Main Structural Elements in the Northcentral Barents Sea and Impact on the L. Cretaceous Deposits
Authors B. Kairanov, A. Kayukova and A. EscalonaTwo stages of inversion are documented in the northcentral Barents Sea: Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian) and the Early Cretaceous (early Valanginian-Barremian). This is characterized with formation of several paleohighs which were positive structures during the Early Cretaceous. These paleohighs acted as local sediment source for interpreted wedges and as bounding structures for the regional NE-SW progradation of the Lower Cretaceous deposition. The NW verging faults that produced NE-SW oriented structural highs are predominant in the northcentral Barents Sea. Also similar anticlines and structural highs with a dominant NE-SW orientation are observed along the west coast of Novaya Zemlya and the northern margins of the South Barents basin. All of these structural lineaments are related to a Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous compression/inversion and may indicate deformation from the East that could be responsible for the structural evolution of the northcentral Barents Sea in the Early Cretaceous.
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The Geological Aspects of Evolution the North Kara Basin and East Barents Megabasin
The new episodes of basins evolution are shown based on the new reprocessing data and results of the onshore field activities. Rifting in the Barents Sea took place in the Late Devonian time; for the North Kara basin rifting took place in the Early Ordovician time. The north part of the Kara Sea was uplifted from Carboniferous time based on the apatite fission track analysis. The North Kara basin and Taimyr Peninsula were sedimentary sources for the Carboniferous deposits on the Novaya Zemlya archipelago based on the results of detrital zircons ages. The Middle – Upper Carboniferous sediments of the north part of the Barents Sea are mostly clastic
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Stages of Exploration and Petroleum Potential in the South-Eastern part of the Norwegian Sector of the Barents Sea
Authors E. Bykova, A. Rabey, L. Surguchev, V. Koloskov, D. Nadezhkin and O. PinousThe Norwegian Continental Shelf is part of LUKOIL’s strategy; the company has been performing exploration activities in the area since 2012. “Former disputed area“ is still unexplored territory, however the recent large discoveries in the adjacent areas allow us to see the presence of hydrocarbon and plays within this territory. Within the study area, it is possible to define traps, predominantly of structural type. Petroleum potential of this area is connected to the Upper Paleozoic, Triassic and Jurassic deposits. Basin modeling results indicate sufficient amount of hydrocarbons generated during the geological history of the region, the presence of migration pathways and accumulation of hydrocarbons. The results of geochemical analysis of the seabed coring also indicate the presence of oil and gas accumulations. Exploration drilling campaign planned for 2017 will allow evaluating the commercial attractiveness of the identified prospects.
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Seismic-Stratigraphic Complexes and Hydrocarbon Prospects of the Lower Cretaceous in the Barents Sea
Authors A.V. Mordasova, A.V. Stoupakova and A.A. SuslovaCretaceous strata of the Barents Sea shelf are still poorly studied in the aspect of petroleum exploration.Barents sea is also confirmed by the presence of uncommercial fields in the Lower Cretaceous of Hammerfest basin and Loppa high, gas shows in the Cretaceous strata of the Ludlovskoe gas field and of gas-hydrates in the South Barents trough. The main stage in the hydrocarbon potential evaluation is development of seismic-stratigraphic framework. The major sedimentary complexes are distinguished based on the seismic-stratigraphic, sequence and cyclostratigraphic analysis. Analysis of sequence boundaries, thickness and distribution result to reconstruction of history of sedimentation and paleogeography. The study includes regional seismic profiles and offshore wells data purposely to generalize a lot of scattered data and make a regional seismic-stratigraphic framework for Cretaceous strata.
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The Outlook for the Search for Oil and Gas on the East Siberian Arctic Shelf
Authors G.A. Zavarzina, D.S. Shapabaeva, R.R. Murzin and O.A. ZakharovaThe North Wrangel block (eastern part of the East Siberian Sea) was licensed by LLC «Gazpromneft-Sakhalin» in 2014. Near-term outlook for the company is to accomplish regional geological and geophysical studies within the block. Hence the main target is to identify main tectonic elements, their evolution history and stratigraphic sedimentary fill. Subsequently based on this survey results HC generation, migration and accumulation conditions prediction, prospects identification, resources and risk assessment will be made
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Integration of Seismic Data, Regional Geotechnical Studies in the Laptev Sea
Authors A.A. Kolyubakin, E. Bulgakova, A. Fridenberg, A. Nosov, Y. Petrichenko and S. SavishkinThe report discusses the results of integration of seismic data and regional geotechnical survey studies on the shelf of the Laptev Sea. The features of the geological structure of the study area, the structure of the near seabed section, and the necessity of joint interpretation of data in order to complement each other and linking the data of deep faults and seabed anomalies associated presumably with gassy sediments. The method and principles of choice geochemical survey in the study area described in the report, as well as the structural features of the upper part of the section related to relict permafrost and its degradation in a shallow East-Arctic shelf
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Using Phenomenology, Holistic Models and New Technologies to Optimise the Development of Oil and Gas Reservoirs
Authors A.V. Petukhov, S.I. Egorov, A.N. Karyakov, R. Oppermann and A.A. PetukhovReport reviews the application of modern phenomenological and holistic models as well as innovative horizontal drilling technologies and interpretation 3D seismic to improve oil recovery of tight oil carbonate reservoirs. The new scientific model and an integrated approach in the development of unconventional carbonate reservoirs with low porosity. The systems was first implemented during the drilling of two horizontal wells in USA with the close cooperation of Russian, American and Australian experts. The concept of the model is aimed to identify high permeability fracture zones before drilling of the wells, their optimal crossing by the open horizontal hole and preservation in the process of drilling the primary of permeability of fractures, created by the nature itself, which can be considered as an alternative to multistage fracturing and other technologies which are commonly use in the development of hydrocarbons in tight oil and gas reservoirs. Received in the process of joint work results have been planning to be used not only to drill new wells to tight carbonate reservoirs and shales in South Texas, but also in similar fields in tight reservoirs in Western and Eastern Siberia, Timan-Pechora and Volga-Urals oil and gas basins in Russia as well as abroad.
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CSP as a Complex Approach to Exploration and Exploitation of Hard-to-Extract Hydrocarbon Deposits
Authors G.N. Erokhin, A.N. Kremlev, E.V. Anokhina, D.N. Gapeev and A.V. KirichekFractured reservoirs are prospecting targets for oil deposit exploration. The research is based on ingenious method of prestack migration called FractureCSP. The work presents multifunctional surface small-aperture technology of microseismic monitoring that is designed for hydrofracturing, fluid injection and other geologic technical procedures control, as well for the revelation of reservoir fault block structures in interwell space during long-term passive microseismic observation. Presented are the integrated interpretation results predicting open fracturing zones in prospecting and exploration well locations.
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Mathematical Models of Fluid Flow in Fractured-Porous Media
Authors Y.M. Laevsky, M.V. Vasilieva, A.V. Grigoriev and A.A. KalinkinThe problem of mathematical modeling of multiphase flow is closely linked with the problems of the development of oil and gas reservoirs. Big part of the world's oil reserves is located in fields with fracture-porous type collectors. Our presentation deals with mathematical modelling of the processes such reservoirs. This work presents some of the results obtained recently in the framework of the project, funded by the Russian Science Foundation. This is a whole complex computing tasks include, as a direct implementation of the model multiphase fluid flow in heterogeneous fractured porous media. in the presence of injection and production wells with access to the permafrost zone, and a number of auxiliary tasks: modeling of filtration gas combustion, the problem of constructing the new generation of efficient numerical algorithms. Here we present some results on incompressible fluid flow in heterogeneous fractured porous media. We deal with two approaches: direct description of cracks using detail meshes and double porosity models, based on G.I. Barenblatt’s approach (see, for example, G.I. Barenblatt, V.M. Entov, V.M. Ryzhik, 1984). In the last case we consider single phase and two-phase fluids separately. For two-phase fluid some new model of mass transfer between cracks and porous blocks is proposed.
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