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Fifth CO2 Geological Storage Workshop
- Conference date: November 21-23, 2018
- Location: Utrecht, Netherlands
- Published: 21 November 2018
41 - 58 of 58 results
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Simulated Fluid-Rock Interactions During Storage Of Temporally Varying Impure CO2 Streams
Authors S. Fischer, L. Wolf, L. Fuhrmann, H. Gahre and H. RüttersSummaryImpurities in CO2 streams influence the chemical reactivity in and mineral alterations of CO2 storage formations. Fluid-rock interactions have been investigated by means of reactive transport simulations using TOUGHREACT V3.0-OMG. A novel method has been established through which co-injection of SO2, NO2, O2 and H2 with temporally varying concentrations can be implemented in reactive transport model scenarios. The paper presents (i) model testing and validation against simulation results obtained by Xu et al. (2007) , and (ii) results acquired from 1D-radial multiphase reactive transport simulations investigating two generic Bunter Sandstone reservoir formations. Results gained applying the novel hybrid approach show that modelling-based inaccuracies have largely been eliminated and inconsistencies are minimized. For the investigated generic Bunter Sandstone reservoir formations, two major geochemical processes are apparent. While the acidifying impurities SO2 and NO2 trigger carbonate dissolution coupled to anhydrite precipitation, presence of O2 leads to dissolution of iron-rich chlorite and subsequent goethite precipitation. Absolute changes of porosity for the two generic Bunter Sandstone formations are below 1%. The total quantitative impact of SO2, NO2, O2 and H2 on mineral reactions is rather limited and their impacts on the petrophysical properties of the two investigated generic Bunter Sandstone formations are geotechnically negligible.
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Mapping CO2 And CH4 Emissions: Field-Trial Evaluation Of LightSource For Remotely Estimating The Locations And Mass Emission Rates Of Sources
Authors B. Hirst, D. Randell, M. Jones, D. Weidman and M. DeanSummaryWe describe and report the field performance of LightSource, a Shell proprietary technique for remotely detecting and locating multiple gas emission sources and simultaneously estimating their individual mass emission rates. The system was originally developed to provide atmospheric monitoring over the Quest CO2 storage site in Canada. It operates automatically using a ground-based optical sensor and is suited to continuous area monitoring. This new work supports enhanced CO2 source detectability by exploiting any naturally present CH4 released through CO2 migration in the subsurface. In these tests, we use a radically new open-path optical beam gas sensor based on Laser Dispersion Spectroscopy, LDS, which offers substantial operational advantages over the commercially available sensors we have used previously. We report on the method and performance achieved during 17 calibrated methane gas releases at the Chilbolton Observatory test site in the UK. The resulting concentration and wind data were processed using our LightSource code.
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Fault Leakage Detection From Pressure Transient Analysis
Authors A. Shchipanov, L. Kollbotn and R. BerenblyumSummaryLeakage of reservoir fluids from injection site, e.g. through faults, is one of the key risks associated with long-term CO2 geological storage. Leakage monitoring technologies applied at different levels: in-situ, groundwater and surface, are necessary to ensure safe CO2 storage. Development and testing of the monitoring technologies is an objective of the ENOS project. In this paper, in-situ leakage detection from analysis of well bottom hole pressure is discussed. Modern CO2 injection wells are usually equipped with Permanent Downhole Gauges (PDGs), providing pressure measurements during the whole well life-span including injection and shut-in periods. A practical way to apply Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) to such measurements for leakage detection is in the focus. A simulated well test of near-fault water injection into saline aquifer was employed to evaluate capabilities of PTA in detecting leakage through the fault. These mechanistic reservoir simulations were followed by similar simulations on an actual geological setting. A reservoir segment of the potential LBr-1 injection site containing a fault was used to demonstrate PTA-based leakage detection under actual geological conditions. Both simulation studies have confirmed that the PTA-based detection may be a useful component of the multi-level leakage monitoring technologies relying on readily available facilities (PDGs).
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Quantifying Efficiency Of Field-Wide Geophysical Surveys For Verifying CO2 Plume Conformance During Storage Operations
Authors E. Barros, O. Leeuwenburgh, S. Carpentier, F. Wilschut and F. NeeleSummaryTo manage risks in CO2 storage operations, monitoring systems need to be designed such that the data can inform the operator whether the storage site will continue to behave as expected or not. In order to compare the benefits of different monitoring strategies, we require a measure of ‘efficiency’ that is based on a balance between monitoring cost on the one hand and reliability of conformance determination on the other. In this work, we present a workflow to quantify, in terms of conformance verification metrics, the contribution of monitoring strategies with various time-lapse geophysical survey configurations (i.e., different survey acquisition times and coverage) in the presence of geological uncertainties. We illustrate the use of the methodology with a simple case study where conformance is associated with regulatory safety bounds for the development of the CO2 plume. The proposed approach can be used to assist operators in the design of monitoring strategies that can ensure compliance with regulation requirements at a reasonable cost.
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Using Well Operation Noise To Estimate Shear Modulus Changes From Measured Tube Waves — A Feasibility Study
More LessSummaryGeophysical monitoring techniques are commonly used to image the subsurface and potential changes. These monitoring techniques are important for CO2 storage projects to ensure a safe operation. A detailed image of the subsurface can be achieved from borehole seismic where mostly transmitted and reflected waves are investigated. However, these measurements are time consuming and costly as receivers and sources need to be moved within the well during the acquisition. We investigate the monitoring potential of tube waves, which propagate along the interface between the well and geological formation. An experiment is conducted where the signal from a rotating metal pipe in a borehole is recorded in a nearby observation well. The tube wave velocity can be measured with a high precision, around ± 1.2 m/s, during the experiment, which is an important measure to evaluate the potential of the method. Therefore, it might be possible to use noise sources like CO2 injection phases to monitor changes of the formation surrounding the well. This would reduce the time and cost needed for borehole seismic as only receivers at a constant position are required. Further field test are needed to investigate the feasibility at larger scales and for real injection cases.
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Feasibility Of Permanent Seismic Monitoring Of A CO2 Storage Site Offshore Norway
Authors A. Furre, R. Bakke and P. RingroseSummaryA CCS monitoring plan should demonstrate containment of CO2, ensure that CO2 distribution in the storage complex is monitored and understood to ensure long term conformance and assess the effectiveness of any corrective measures taken in case of a leakage out of the storage complex. Such a monitoring programme should be flexible and designed to address all aspects described above in a cost efficient and flexible manner. Here we discuss some aspects of monitoring the proposed Smeaheia site offshore Norway.
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Impact Of CO2-WAG Design Optimisation On Coupled CO2-EOR And Storage Projects In Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors H. Rodrigues, E. Mackay and D. ArnoldSummaryCO2-WAG injection has been applied in offshore Brazilian carbonate reservoirs aiming to improve oil recovery and promote a safe destination to CO2 naturally being produced alongside with hydrocarbon gas. A gas re-utilisation strategy can potentially lead to multiple benefits: residual oil saturation reduction, maintenance of reservoir pressure, avoidance of gas flaring and development of the infrastructure and expertise necessary to make CO2 storage more accessible once oil production is complete, paving the path for a low carbon future, whereas mature basins can be a potential hub for Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS). This study aims to develop a methodology to design CO2-WAG projects that not only achieve a high Net Present Value (NPV) but also maximizes the capacity and safety of geological CO2 storage.
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13 Years Of Safe CO2 Injection At K12-B
Authors V. Vandeweijer, C. Hofstee and H. GravenSummarySince 2004 the feasibility of CO2 injection and storage in depleted natural gas fields has been researched and demonstrated at K12-B, a gas field on the Dutch continental shelf. In total over 100 Kton of CO2 was injected. The entire operation at the K12-B field was completed without any major complications. It can therefore be stated that safe and uneventful underground storage in depleted gas fields is possible. During the many activities taking place at K12-B, numerous techniques were tested and enhanced and many processes, including corrosion tests, investigated. This has helped in assessing other projected CCS projects, such as P18. There is now a proven track record of over a decade of continuous CO2 injection, supported by many risk assessment studies. The findings of this extensive scientific CO2 re-injection research can be showcased and applied to other Carbon Capture and Storage Projects in the world. One year ago the project came to an end. In this abstract we present some of the highlights.
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Lessons Learned From Development Of The First Norwegian CSS Project
Authors K. Rørvik, S. Eggen, M. Carpenter and N.P. ChristensenSummaryGassnova is working to establish what could become Europe’s first industrial CCS project. The project will demonstrate that carbon capture, transport and storage (abbreviated to CCS) is possible and safe to implement. A full-scale CCS project can provide lessons and experiences that new CCS projects can take advantage of. In this abstract we present some experiences from the maturation of storage sites on the NCS.
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Quantitative Prediction Of Injected CO2 At Sleipner Using Wave-Equation Based AVO
Authors P. Haffinger, F. Jedari Eyvazi, P. Steeghs, P. Doulgeris, D. Gisolf and E. VerschuurSummaryIn the context of carbon capture and storage (CCS), quantitative estimation of injected CO2 is of vital importance to verify if the process occurs without any leakage. From a geophysical perspective this is challenging as a CO2 plume has a severe imprint on seismic data. While this makes delineation of the plume rather straightforward, for quantitative interpretation a technique is required that takes complex wave propagation, including multiple scattering and mode conversions into account. In this abstract a wave-equation based AVO technique is discussed and successfully demonstrated on a seismic dataset from the Sleipner site. The technique solves the exact wave-equation which means that tuning effects are properly modelled. The scheme directly inverts for compressibility and shear compliance as these parameters are more closely related to saturation than conventional impedances. From this the total amount of injected CO2 is calculated and found to be in good agreement with the known value at the time when the data was acquired.
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Scaling Technologies To Enable Giga-Tonne/Year CO2 Storage
More LessSummaryCarbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a key climate mitigation technology required to meet the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global warming. Commercial-scale demonstration projects such as the Quest project in Alberta, Canada, or the Illinois Basin-Decatur project in Illinois, USA, have shown that the technology is feasible and safe. These projects demonstrate that existing technologies are sufficient for the successful implementation of CCS at the mega-tonne/year scale. However, scaling these technologies to meet the future need for giga-tonne/year storage remains a shared industry challenge. Responding to it demands addressing the low-probability, high-impact storage risks that cannot always be avoided within a large and diverse portfolio of CO2 storage projects. These include the risk of induced seismicity and fault reactivation, pressure management to improve storage security, exposure to legacy wells, and lowering the cost of large-scale containment monitoring. We propose four technology development pathways to address these giga-ton/year challenges, highlighting key focus areas.
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The European CCS Research Laboratory Infrastructure (ECCSEL) And Its Contribution To Future Geological CO2 Storage In Europe
Authors H. Taylor, M. Vellico, C. Vincent, I. Czernicowski, K. Bateman, R. de Kler, C. de Vittor, S. Dupraz, J. Pearce, S. Quale and V. RöhlingSummaryThe mission of ECCSEL ERIC is to establish a world class, distributed, pan-European CCS Research Laboratory Infrastructure to enable the removal of research barriers and facilitate wide scale deployment of CO2 capture, transport and geological storage in Europe. We present the rationale and development of ECCSEL ERIC, and consider ECCSEL in three phases: its current status, its medium term plans, and its longer term ambitions. ECCSEL will deliver its mission by a programme of integration (Phase 1), upgrade (Phase 2) and construction (Phase 3) of CCS research facilities. The first two phases are ongoing. ECCSEL already provides access to a high quality CO2 capture, transport and storage (CCS) research infrastructure. ECCSEL has also drafted its initial research strategy, which will underpin Phase 3.
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Three Years Of Safe Operations At The Quest CCS Facility, Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, Canada
Authors A. Halladay, S. O’Brien, O. Tucker and J. DuerSummaryOperatonal update on the storage facility operations at Quest CCS.
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CO2 Sequestration: Studying Caprock And Fault Sealing Integrity, The CS-D Experiment In Mont Terri
Authors A. Zappone, A.P. Rinaldi, M. Grab, A. Obermann, M. Claudio, C. Nussbaum and S. WiemerSummaryA key challenge for CO2 geological storage is the integrity of the caprock. This challenge is addressed by executing a decameter-scale experiment at the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory in Switzerland, under the umbrella of ELEGANCY (Enabling a Low-Carbon Economy via Hydrogen and CCS). ELEGANCY is an European project aiming at advance sustainable geo-energy processes through studies on risk mitigation, characterization and public perception, whose achievements will benefit the fields of carbon dixode sequestration. The experiment will investigating the mechanisms and the physical parameters governing the migration of CO2-rich brine through a faults. In particular, the test seeks to understand the conditions for slip activation (seismic vs. aseismic slip) and the stability of clay faults, as well as the coupling between fault slip, pore pressure, fluid migration and possible induced “micro” seismicity. To this end, we will inject CO2-rich brine into the fault core for a period of about eight months, while monitoring its geo-mechanical response. Additional tracer and transmissivity tests will be conducted at regular time intervals to determine the fluid path evolution of the injected fluid and to infer the potential evolution of CO2 from the brine. Numerical simulation work assist the different phases of the field experiment.
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CO2 Monitoring At The Ketzin Pilot Site With Joint Inversion: Application To Synthetic And Real Data
Authors Jordan M., D. Rippe, A. Romdhane and C. Schmidt-HattenbergerSummaryTo improve the imaging and the subsequent quantification of the injected CO2 at the Ketzin pilot site, as well as to improve knowledge about CO2 storage at Ketzin, we combine different geophysical techniques (e.g., seismics and geoelectrics) using joint inversion. The resulting 3D models of geophysical parameters, and their changes over time, can then be jointly interpreted to obtain reservoir parameters (e.g., pressure and saturation), using rock physics inversion. To accomplish this, a new joint inversion method using structural constraints was developed combining seismic full waveform inversion (FWI) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The joint inversion combines the strength of the different techniques (e.g., high spatial resolution of seismics and the sensitivity of geoelectrics in terms of CO2 saturation), and results in models that are consistent with each other, with all data sets, and any a priori information. This new method is tested using realistic synthetic-, and real data from the Ketzin pilot site in Germany, and the results are presented.
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Pre-Operational Considerations In A Poro-Elastic Site Assessment For The Svelvik Field Lab
Authors W. Weinzierl, B. Wiese, M. Jordan, C. Schmidt-Hattenberger, P. Eliasson, C. Ringstad, S. Lüth and A. GrimstadSummaryA re-establishment of the Svelvik Field Laboratory for active CO2 migration monitoring is accompanied with numerical pre-injection site investigations using a poro-elastic description of the glacio-fluvial and marine deposits. The aim is to discriminate pressure and saturation effects of CO2 injection and provide an optimized layout for a multi-physical monitoring campaign. Near surface and appraisal well grain size analysis and appraisal well logging data are used to constrain the elastic properties of a forward model. Results of the previous monitoring campaign and simulation for the planned injection are used to design the layout of the individual monitoring technologies optimized for a range of plume migration scenarios. The monitoring campaign and observation well locations are designed such that the CO2 plume will be captured by cross-well data. The simulated gas saturations and pressures are used to obtain elastic parameters describing the acoustic response. Using worst to best case scenarios being based of rock physical parameters provide resulting sensitivities to particular conformance criteria.
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Bayesian Inference In CO2 Storage Monitoring: A Way To Assess Uncertainties In Geophysical Inversions
Authors B. Dupuy, A. Romdhane and P. EliassonSummaryWe present an integrated methodology for quantitative CO2 monitoring using Bayesian formulation. A first step consists in full-waveform inversion and CSEM inversion solved with gradient-based inverse methods. Uncertainty assessment is then carried out using a posteriori covariance matrix analysis to derive velocity and resistivity maps with uncertainty. Then, rock physics inversion is done with semi-global optimisation methodology and uncertainty is propagated with Bayesian formulation to quantify the reliability of the final CO2 saturation estimates.
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On The Estimation Of Phase Behavior Of CO2-Based Binary Systems Using ANFIS Optimized By GA Algorithm
Authors M. Motie, A. Bemani and R. SoltanmohammadiSummarySince the world average temperature is on the rise, severe measurements should be considered due to decrease the concentration of greenhouse gases which are the main reason of global warming. Geological sequestration of the CO2 speculated as one of the most efficient method for mitigate the problem. As the injected CO2 stream is not always a pure one, a more accurate assessment of the impurities effects on various part of the sequestration process would be desired. As equations of state are not able to completely support the thermodynamic attributes of impure CO2 injected stream, developed computational modeling would be more appropriate. In this study, due to obtain a way of predicting vapor liquid equilibrium of CO2 binary mixtures, not fully depending on the experimental data, a novel and accurate computational method is presented. This alternative, uses Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interference System (ANFIS) together with Genetic Algorithm as an optimization tool. As a result, the developed model shows a great i
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