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Third EAGE Workshop on Iraq
- Conference date: November 16-18, 2015
- Location: Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Published: 16 November 2015
1 - 20 of 36 results
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Sequence Stratigraphy and Reservoir Heterogeneity Related to the Mishrif Formation, Rumaila Field, Southern Iraq
Authors C. Lehmann, J. Gardner, K. Totton, M. Fuchs, A. Holden and O.J. OlatokeSummaryThe Upper Cretaceous Mishrif Formation of southern Iraq is part of a large shallow carbonate platform system developed on the Arabian plate. The carbonates are of a high economic importance since they provide the host of large hydrocarbon accumulations of the giant oil fields of southern Iraq. A series of sedimentological, diagenesis, chemo-, and biostratigraphic studies were performed and integrated in a sequence straigraphic framework. Furthermore, first interpretation results from a 3D seismic analysis suggest lateral heterogeneities of these carbonates.
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Impact of Reservoir Heterogeneity on Field Development and Reservoir Management of the Mishrif Reservoir, West Qurna I, Southern Iraq
Authors L.A. Yose, H. Alqassab, S. Fullmer, S. Van Simaeys, D. Viator, A. Wawrrzynski and N. StephensSummaryThe Mishrif reservoir comprises the main discovered developed reservoir at West Qurna I field in southern Iraq and has been on production intermittently since 1999. Core, log and dynamic reservoir data are being integrated to characterize and model the impact of reservoir heterogeneity on reservoir performance and development plans, including waterflood response.
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Sequence Stratigraphy of the Mishrif Formation West Qurna-2 Field
Authors Q. Davies, D. Green, N. Belyaeva, A. Chistyakov, T. Ershov and S. YakubovskiySummaryThe Cenomanian–Early Turonian Mishrif Formation represents part of a carbonate platform system that characterised most of the Arabian Plate during this time. The formation is a prolific hydrocarbon reservoir in many regional oilfields, including the hydrocarbon accumulations over the West Qurna arch. Previous regional investigations reveal significant heterogeneities in reservoir quality that are attributed to facies variability (e.g. Lehmman, 2013; Yose et al. 2013; Mahdi, 2010; Aqrawi et al. 2010).
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Preliminary Sequence-Stratigraphic Framework and Reservoir Characteristics of the Mauddud Reservoir, West Qurna 1 Field, Iraq
Authors S. Van Simaeys, S. Fullmer, L. Yose and N. StephensSummaryA new sequence-stratigraphic framework is proposed for the Mauddud formation at West Qurna I Field, based on the integration of core, well-log, biostratigraphic data, and limited 2D seismic data. The Mauddud Formation is ~150m thick in the West Qurna 1 field area and was deposited on a broad carbonate shelf developed during the Albian (Early Cretaceous).
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Using Multiple Seismic Attributes to Improve Characteristics of the Complex Mishrif Carbonate Reservoir, Rumaila Field, South East Iraq
Authors O.J. Olatoke, K. Tough, C. Lehmann and J. GardnerSummaryThe first 3D seismic dataset over the giant Rumaila field in South East Iraq was acquired in 2012. Over 1800 km2 of high-fold, wide-azimuth seismic was acquired using the ISSN™ simultaneous source technique. The dataset underwent a bespoke ISSN processing sequence that included a Kirchhoff Pre-Stack Time Migration (Pre-STM) imaging in 2013. This paper highlights how the 3D seismic is being used to improve the geological understanding of the Upper Cretaceous Mishrif carbonate reservoir. In particular, it demonstrates the importance of using interpreted seismic horizons for multi-attribute generation at field-wide and localised scale. Understanding these seismic attributes is underpinned by comprehensive well-to-seismic ties, and draws on well-based geological insight captured in the geomodel. These multiple seismic attributes are used to highlight depositional trends, seismic facies variations, and potential changes in reservoir quality across this giant field.
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Review of Lost Circulation Mechanisms in a Southern Iraq Oil Field
Authors U. Bhan Rai, A. Adwani, H. Mishra, E. Follows, F. Abbas and M.A. MohammedSummaryThis paper analyses the lost circulation data (rate, instantaneous downhole pressure and operational conditions) of a Southern Iraq oilfield to develop a mechanism based understanding of the reported mud losses.
Mud losses with varying severity have been reported in all the 27 development wells drilled in the field since 2012. Lost circulation during drilling was identified as the primary cause of Non Productive Time (NPT) for the development wells. Besides cost escalation in terms of lost mud and rig time, uncontrolled mud losses can trigger shale collapse, lead to loss of well control and safety risks.
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A Seismic Case Study in Southern Iraq: From 3D Acquisition to Seismic Characterization of Mishrif Reservoir
Authors F. Luoni, A. Amato del Monte, C. Chinigo, A. Corrao, M. Fervari, S. Miraglia, J. Rodrigues and E. SanguinettiSummaryThis paper provides an overview on the geophysical experience gained in Southern Iraq from seismic acquisition to seismic reservoir characterization to support the development of Mishrif reservoir.
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Karst Heterogeneities Captured Through Integration of Static & Dynamic Data
Authors G. Sprega, F. Bigoni, R. Marino and S. BanooriSummaryKarst impact on Cenomanian – Turonian M carbonates is one of the most challenging aspect related to geologic modelling in the Southern Iraq.
This diagenetic process that encompasses the uppermost 20 to 40 m of the reservoir and enhances reservoir connectivity and permeability, is documented by secondary porosity features like vugs and small solution enlarged fractures related to an emersion period of the carbonate ramp (Late Cenomanian to Turonian).
Karst permeability was recognized at well scale and zones of permeability enhancement were assessed within the upper M sequence integrating all the available static and dynamic data.
The present workflow guarantees an appropriate reconstruction of the internal reservoir and fluid path architecture, resulting in a predictive tool for field development planning.
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Early Cretaceous Deltaic Deposits of the Zubair Formation, SE Iraq: Depositional Controls on Reservoir Performance
Authors M. Wells, R. Brown, A. Bowman, D. Kitching, D. Finucane and B. KosticSummaryThe Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian) Upper Sandstone (Main Pay) Member of the Zubair Formation is the main producing reservoir in the supergiant Rumaila oil field of southeast Iraq. Whilst the field has been on production for c. 60 years, significant resources remain. Key to their economic development is an improved subsurface description based on the synthesis of diverse static and dynamic data. Geological heterogeneities at a range of scales impact reservoir performance, reservoir management decisions and future field development strategies.
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Sequence Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Environment of the Upper Part of Main Pay Member in Rumaila Oil Field
Authors G.Y. Gao, Y.X. Zhu, W.M. Zhang and S.S. LiuSummaryThe Main Pay Member in Rumaila oil field has had a very high recovery of OOIP by now. The key study has been focused on the distribution of remaining oil. However, due to the incision of fluvial channel to each other, it is very difficult to reveal the nature of small-scale sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution. This study developed a detailed sequence stratigraphic and sedimentary framework based on integration of the regional geological background, the core description data, the modal data, the palynology and biostratigraphy data and the wire log data. The estuary stratigraphic and facies model fit perfectly with core and log data in the upper part of Main Pay Member. It can explain the reason why sand bodies and shale in AB and C units are continuous in a large scale respectively and the genesis of the unconformity surface between AB and C. The model also explained the evolution process of ancient estuary including the process of delta vanishing, estuary emerging, developing, and vanishing. It is hoped that, the model can help to study the residual oil in the Main Pay Member and to identify the ancient estuary.
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The Upper Shale Reservoir, Zubair Formation, Rumaila Field, Southeast Iraq: Integrated Subsurface Description in Support of Field Production & Development
Authors A.P. Bowman, E. Jude, M. Wells, C. Bishop, M. Pointing, A. Bullimore, C. Santos and B. KosticSummaryThe Early Cretaceous (Aptian) Upper Shale Member is the uppermost part of the Zubair Formation: the principal producing interval in the supergiant Rumaila Field in south-eastern Iraq. Historically, the Upper Shale has not been the primary focus for Zubair Formation development and production: first oil from the Upper Shale occurred in 1962 and since then the reservoir has been developed through natural depletion. Critical to enabling the effective management of current production and the planning of further development of the Upper Shale is a robust, fit-for-purpose, field-wide reservoir description which appropriately characterises important heterogeneities.
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Design Challenges of Full Field Waterflooding Project in a Southern Iraq Oil Oilfield
Authors V. Vinayagam, A.H. Faisal, M.F. Azman and K. TheseiraSummaryField A is a giant oilfield located in southern Iraq where reservoir Y is the main reservoir target. An inverted 9-spot patternflooding technique with 600m spacing will be employed during the waterflooding phase. As with any waterflooding project in carbonates, huge uncertainties and risks are associated with the planned waterflood project.
The biggest uncertainty is associated with the injectivity in the reservoir where failure to achieve target injection target can either result in inability to maintain reservoir pressure, hence not meeting the contractual production target.
The associated risk of poor vertical sweep efficiency is apparent from PLT survey. Risk on water channeling resulting in early water breakthrough in top part of the reservoir is serious.
Water from nearby river has been identified as the primary water injection source though the availability throughout contract period is still a concern.
Another challenge associated with the project is the need to dispose the offspec injection water as with any other onshore waterflooding projects.
Mitigation measures for the above uncertainties are in place and will be discussed in this paper. Design flexibility has been incorporated as part of the mitigation measures to minimize the risks associated with these uncertainties.
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Challenges for a Successful Water Injection in Mishrif Carbonate, Rumaila Oilfield
More LessSummaryThis study focuses on the Mishrif reservoir in Rumaila oilfield. This reservoir started to produce since 1975 without any energy supply, and most of the producers were ceased to produce because of the low reservoir pressure. Therefore, water injection pilot was conducted since 2010, and the expanded water injection was started since 2013. After 2 years water injection, several producers are back to production and the production rate of several wells is increasing significantly. However, a number of problems are arisen, and the most striking one is the existence of thief zones. Thief zones led to early water breakthrough and fast water cut development and eventually lower the sweep efficiency and impact water injection performance. In order to cope with this problem, the dynamic behavior of thief zone in Mishrif reservoir is presented, and mechanism study is conducted to optimize the water flooding. Results indicate that the existence of thief zones can significantly impact the water injection performance, and optimizing perforation strategy is an effective way to mitigate this problem.
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Through-casing Reservoir Monitoring: Method of Water Investigation in Very Low Water-Cut Wells in Southern Iraq
Authors S. Kundu, K. Hindawi and A. TurkiSummaryWater production in early field life poses a challenge to field development. This paper describes a study from a giant oil field in southern Iraq where evidence of minor amount of water production was seen in a few wells by monitoring the salt content of the produced well fluids.
With multiple producing layers in the wells, an investigation for the water source then became necessary in order to plan remediation and change future development plans. Limitations on the produced-water capacity in the field required immediate investigation of the source of water.
This paper describes how careful data acquisition delineated the water producing layers in the reservoir.
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Improving Quality of Simulation Modeling Using Assisted History Matching Workflows – A Case Study of Zubair Formation
Authors L. Cocco and I. SaripallySummaryIn order to obtain a reliable dynamic model, a typical history matching process involves minimizing the difference between measured data and simulated value. In a conventional history matching process, uncertain parameters that are considered to have significant impact on the solution space of the model are manually perturbed in order to minimize the difference. This method is widely used in the industry as it gives the engineers the flexibility to vary parameters based on their judgement and experience. However due to multidimensional nature of the problems in reservoir simulation, manually spanning the range of uncertainty simultaneously becomes unmanageable. Thus Assisted History Matching (AHM) methods are being employed to partially “automate” the process.
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Improved Multi-Scale Fracture Models Based on Quantitative Analysis of Outcrop Analogues
Authors R.R. Jones, J.J. Long, S. Kokkalas, S.E. Daniels, D.M. Oxlade, S.R. Gilment, C.E. Woods and M.W. WilkinsonSummaryCharacterisation of fracture systems from surface exposures provides critical constraints when developing a Conceptual Fracture Model. Analysing naturally fractured outcrops using a combination of traditional field methods and new geospatial technologies provides robust fracture data at multiple scales, and allows the likely range of values for fracture parameters to be quantified. Key technologies include terrestrial lidar and digital photogrammetry (ground-based or from unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs). We illustrate this approach with extensive data from fractured Mesozoic carbonates in Iraq and UAE. The resultant fracture parameters form ideal input for discrete fracture network (DFN) modelling.
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The Utilization of Borehole Images for Sampling Optimization in Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoirs of South Iraq
Authors I. Al-Saeedi, W. M. Alward, F. Ali, M. Sarili and C. ShrivastavaSummaryWireline Formation Testers have been used in the petroleum industry for decades to provide accurate formation pressure measurements and fluids properties with wide range of applications through all the stages of in the life of a reservoir; exploration,appraisal,development,production and injection. Wireline formation testing done mostly using cable-operated tester and sampling tool anchored at depth while reservoir communication is established through one or more pressure and sampling probes .Traditionally, the selection of the formation pressure and sampling points rely on conventional resistivity and porosity logs. These logs often fail to produce optimal results because of the complex nature of the dual-porosity carbonates in South Iraq. The work illustrated in this paper tried to optimize the selection of formation pressure and sampling points by the utilization of high-resolution azimuthal log measurements such as borehole images. The use of a high-resolution electrical borehole image log helps place the tool probes at optimum depth locations and pinpoint the “sweet spots” suitable to achieve the best results of formation pressure and sampling measurements.
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Characterization of Mineralization Related Flow Heterogeneity within the Zubair Reservoir Sandstones in Rumaila Oilfield
Authors H. Al Ziayyir and D. HodgettsSummaryThis work aims to reduce this uncertainty in pressure distribution by providing a more detailed knowledge of mineralization related flow heterogeneity using both X-ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy.
In this study, volume images of representative samples of the mineralized Zubair sandstones obtained using x-ray computed tomography are to be used as the basis for computational fluid dynamical (CFD) modelling. Three phase segmentation will enable the pore space, quartz matrix and in-situ pyrite to be isolated from the volume images, enabling mineralized and unmineralized mesh based representations of the samples to be generated. An integrated studies were done using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), energy disperssive spectrum (EDS) and X-ray computed tomography.
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Wellpad Development - Onshore Gathering Facilities (OGF) for Garraf Oilfield in Iraq
SummaryThe full final Garraf field development will consist a total of ‘X’ wellpad which is generic design to each other. At the moment, ‘X’ that has already completed the construction and some are still under construction stage. The development concept grouped the wells in cluster enables each wellpad to consist a maximum of 28 wells in one location.
The major successful wellpad development contributes by the skidded drilling rig, trenches for piping flowlines, automated multiport flow selector skid and high-integrity pressure protection system. It is also supported by effective management strategy on having stock for the essential material as a back-up plan for any delayed in material delivery.
Finally the whole success was mainly due to the good synergies between Project & Engineering and Drilling team to enable both team to work in parallel as a team to bring wells into commercial production. Through close coordination between both parties, the Early Oil Scheme (EOS) was introduced as an initiative to produce the wells right after well handover from the Drilling team. This has resulted in early oil production for several days ahead of schedule.
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Application of Multiport Flow Selector (MPFS) - Onshore Gathering Facilities (OGF) for Garraf Oilfield in Iraq
More LessSummaryAbstract—In the past, the conventional manifold is a popular approach by many Operators as gathering station for crude and gas production from wellheads in the oil & gas field. This approach is slowly being substitute by smaller footprint with automated system so called compact manifold, especially for offshore field. However, for the first time in PETRONAS Carigali Operation worldwide, PCIHBV has implemented a new concept for the production gathering using a technology named as Multiport Flow Selector valve, MPFS.
The concept was applied in the recent wellpads development at Garraf Oil Field in Iraq. The function is to gather seven (7) crude production wells and it is also equipped with fully automation system for the provision of well testing of each well whilst the rest of production is directed to production header. The entire well testing activities can be performed remotely via Distributed Control System, DCS in Control Room. The technology involves less human intervention which allowed smaller Operators manning at the wellpads and resulted more efficient operation. The advantages support the operation nature in Garraf Oil Field as the security and safety of personnel is at high risk.
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