Analysis and Applications of Steam-Water Flow in Wells

This work presents a simple yet accurate model for two-phase flow that is easily incorporated in a heat transfer model. The fluid<br>flow model uses a single expression for liquid holdup, with flow-pattern-dependent values for flow parameter and rise velocity.<br>To avoid abrupt changes in gradients at flow pattern boundaries, we use an empirically determined exponential function for<br>smooth transition of parameter values between flow patterns. Frictional and kinetic heads, whose contribution to total pressure<br>loss are small, are estimated using the homogeneous model.