Three-dimensional ground probing radar

Pulse-echo ground radar has been used for several tens of years to detect underground features and objects. Despite the many smaller improvements and innovations in specific fields of application (Daniels, 1989), no dramatic breakthrough in the method has occurred since the original application. Two factors can be held responsible. In the first place, the different developments have generally been focused on specialized applications and, in line with that, often been published only in specialized and application oriented literature. As a consequence, little cross-fertilization has occurred between different fields of development. In the second place there has been insufficient communication between users and those at the forefront of the technological development. Often the development has taken place either in an instrument oriented organization without much regard for the practical applicability, or in an applications oriented organization lacking the technical and physical background for optimal development.