Detailed Geophysical, Hydrochemical, Hydrogeological Studies of Western Krishna Delta, Andhra Pradesh, India

In coastal regions, particularly in Deltas the fresh groundwater aquifers are under stress due to the improper mining of fresh water. Groundwater studies in the Deltas are difficult mainly due to complexities in their geomorphology. Western Krishna Delta in southern India with densely populated and abundant agricultural fields is one example where the detailed hydrogeological studies are prerequisite for sustainable water management. Most of the earlier hydrogeological studies carried out were only at macro level and considered the entire Delta as one geomorphic unit i.e. alluvium. This study shows that this delta is not occurring as one geomorphic unit and there are different micro-geomorphic units in it. Keeping this in view a detailed study is carried out to identify different micro geomorphic units and groundwater conditions in each of the geomorphic unit. Dividing the Delta into micro units is mandatory in order to understand and address the groundwater problems, as each micro geomorphic unit has major bearing on the occurrence of groundwater and its quality. A comprehensive study is made using geophysics, hydrometerology, hydrogeological and hydrochemistry to understand the salinity conditions in this Delta area and to delineate the fresh water pockets in order to protect the precious groundwater resources.