Transient EM sounding in the shallow study

Transient EM method was developed in Russia. In 1969 Dr. Vladislav Sidorov and Pr. Vyacheslav Tikshaev from Nizhnevolzhsky Geology and Geophysics Research Institute for the first time conducted field measurement of transient EM processes in case when a distance between a transmitter and a receiver was considerably shorter than the depth of investigations. Simultaneously in the sixties Dr. Obukhov in Moscow and Pr. Alexander Kaufman in Novosibirsk, the latter lives now in the USA, theoretically grounded the ability of TEM sounding.