Actual possibilities concerning the determination of groundwater flow with single well methods

In many hydrogeologic applications the determination and monitoring of groundwater flow parameters, especially groundwater seepage velocity and groundwater flow direction are an essential part regarding analyze of groundwater flow. This includes questions like water supply location, ground water plume characterization inter alia for contamination issues, landfill leachate characterization, inflow and outflow analysis, hazardous spill response and also environmental surrounding effects like tidal effects on groundwater aquifers. This paper gives an insight about the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional Multi-Well methods and the less time consuming but sometimes adulterated Single-Well methods. Further on another Single-Well method the Dark-Field-Sonde is introduced. Including field and laboratory tests of this tool in comparison to other methods during a benchmark test gives an impression about the reliability, and possibility of actual groundwater flow measurement.