Experimental Simulation of 4D Overburden Effects Associated with Depletion of or Injection into a Subsurface Reservoir

In this presentation we show results of laboratory experiments on compacted brine-saturated clay specimens experiencing an initial stress state and stress changes representative of those occurring in situ during depletion of or injection into an underlying reservoir. The results can be used to assess expected 4D response in realistic field cases, to evaluate various 4D attributes, and also possibly to help quantify stress changes from 4D data.