Comparing Shear Wave Refraction and Continuous Surface Wave Surveys in Sand and Gravel

The aims of this study were to evaluate some surface wave based methods and their limitations with regard to aggregate variability and thickness determinations. We compared the results of field assessments of sand and gravel sequences using two different surface wave survey approaches. The first, followed a seismic refraction approach, and the second, a CSW survey methodology. Further probing using an ultra-lightweight cone penetrometer provided verification of results, and also, an active extraction programme at the field site provided the opportunity to directly observe the subsurface geology post-survey.