f Geodetic Integrity in Seismic Acquisition and Processing

Geodetic integrity in seismic acquisition and processing must be achieved and maintained throughout the E&P lifecycle. Positioning of sensors within geophysical surveys is of equal importance to the location of survey and the spatial relationship between sensors needs to be known with a high level of confidence. Geophysical surveys need to be shot in the correct, intended, location with the necessary level of positioning precision and accuracy. The resultant geospatial data requires correct field recording, processing and management so as to enable future interpretation of the subsurface imagery obtained. Importantly, in many cases, the resultant data will be interpreted in conjunction with other sources of data and it is important that the geodetic parameters from each data source are clearly understood so as to enable ‘merging’ of datasets. Not only is consistency within the data of importance but also the integrity of its ‘real world’ location. This paper will discuss historical and current geophysical survey types, their uses and the methods by which geodetic data is, and was, obtained. Sources of error will be highlighted with a discussion relating to how these errors can occur, methods to prevent their occurrence and the effects they may have on the E&P life cycle. Following the discussion on acquisition techniques the use of geospatial data in seismic processing will be described followed by a discussion relating to subsequent data management. In conclusion the paper will outline techniques recommended to maintain geodetic integrity; these will be of relevance not only to those tasked with the acquisition but also to those managing and using the data.