Process-Based Benchmark Study on the Johansen Formation Analyzing Compositional and Thermal Effects During CCS

The remarkable increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, particularly carbon-dioxide (CO2) is often assumed as one of the main causes of the climatic changes. A potential short-term mitigation to these is a reduction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions into the atmosphere via capture and geological storage, a process that has been studied over the last two decades. An important aspect of understanding the migration process is the simulation of large-scale projects. The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of the relevant processes occurring in the second phase of CCS on the storage capacity and on the behaviour of CO2 plume in the reservoir: influence of thermal processes on the spreading of CO2, phase transfer (the amount of CO2 in free gas form and dissolved in brine), leakage and the impacts of these processes on the pressure distribution in the field. For this purpose, three subcases were introduced where CO2 is injected into a deep saline aquifer of the Johansen Formation.