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Abstract

Summary

In recent years, the tight oil production increased dramatically in the U.S. thanks to the advances in large-scale hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells, which has not just restructured this country’s energy supply pattern to some extent, but also drawn extensive attention around the world. Significant progress was also made in China in respect of tight oil exploration and development. Nonetheless, there are no standards available yet in China for assessing tight oil reserves. Because of the uniqueness of tight oil, standards for assessing the reserves of conventional oil are not applicable to tight oil. Therefore, both CNPC and the China national reserves regulator attach great importance to the standards defining tight oil.

Indeed, there are two types of tight oil definitions – one in broad sense, and the other in narrow sense, which are distinguished mainly by whether or not the shale reservoirs are included. The concept of tight oil in narrow sense (reservoir consists of tight sandstone or carbonate rock) is normally adopted in the exploration and development practices in China. In consideration of the existing standards, data availability, traditional practices and the relationship between formation permeability under overburden pressure and surface permeability, it is recommended to use the air permeability at surface condition as the key index to define tight oil.

Tight oil reservoirs differ from conventional reservoirs with extremely low permeability mainly in three aspects: the pore structure, the porosity-permeability relationship and the porosity-irreducible water saturation relationship. After analysis by such methods as evaluation of the reservoir productivity, investigation of the relative permeability of cores in laboratory, and assessment of the core displacement pressure and from such aspects as the core porosity versus permeability relationship, it is proposed that the air permeability of 1 mD be used as the threshold to divide tight oil reservoirs and conventional reservoirs. The Standards for Estimation of Tight Oil Reserves (Q/SY1834-2015) (CNPC Standards) were stipulated based on the achievement of this project to help CNPC to report over 1.0 billion tons of proved, probable and possible tight oil reserves.

Besides permeability indexes, two supplementary methods for characterizing tight oil reservoirs, i.e. the seepage rate and the pore throat radius, are analyzed by referring to the research results in China and abroad, for the reference of other scholars.

© EAGE Publications BV
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/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201802206
2018-09-03
2024-04-27

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Permeability Indexes For Defining Tight Oil Reservoirs
Conference Proceedings 2018, 1 (2018); https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201802206
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201802206
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201802206
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