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Abstract

Summary

The permeability field in a reservoir simulation greatly influences the resulting flow field and therefore a thorough knowledge of it is crucial. However, the permeability field is usually associated with a high degree of uncertainty since only few measurements of reservoir properties are available. Fractures can form highly conductive shortcuts through the matrix domain. Therefore, it is important to estimate fracture parameters such as location, orientation and size as precisely as possible. Ensemble Kalman filters (EnKF) are widely used for history matching (or data assimilation) in the context of sub-surface flows in order to estimate parameters, reduce uncertainty and improve simulation results.

This work studies the evolution of a reservoir as it might occur e.g. during reservoir stimulation of a geothermal system. During the first stage, large isolated fractures with a preferred orientation arise one after the other. During the second stage, these fractures get connected by others, which have a different preferred orientation. We assume that location, orientation and length of all fractures are known a priori. The only uncertainty therefore lies in the hydraulic aperture of each fracture segment. Further we assume that prior probabilistic knowledge of the hydraulic aperture is available, e.g. from seismic measurements. We upscale the fractures and simulate the flow in the reservoir with a single-continuum model.

We reduce the uncertainty of the hydraulic apertures with an iterative EnKF using empirical measurement data; here from a reference simulation. During the formation of the fractures, we use pressure and flow at in- and outlet boundaries as measurements. Once the whole reservoir is developed, a tracer is injected at the inlet and its concentration at the outlet boundary is used as measurement. In this context also the effect of different fracture-matrix permeability ratios is studied.

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/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202035126
2020-09-14
2024-04-27

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Two-Stage Ensemble Kalman Filter Approach for Data Assimilation Applied to Flow in Fractured Media
Conference Proceedings 2020, 1 (2020); https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202035126
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202035126
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.202035126
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