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Second EAGE CO2 Geological Storage Workshop 2010
- Conference date: 11 Mar 2010 - 12 Mar 2010
- Location: Berlin, Germany
- Published: 11 March 2010
61 - 79 of 79 results
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Ground Deformation Monitoring for all Project Phases of CO2 Storage Using Radar Satellites
Authors A. Arnaud, M. de Faragó, B. Payás, J. Duro, G. Cooksley and M. BanwellInSAR (Interferometry for Synthetic Aperture Radar) technology is a spaceborne measurement method that uses radar satellite images to detect and measure ground deformation with millimetric precision. Measurements are taken remotely from space, making this an appropriate tool for measuring ground motion in difficult to reach remote areas and in almost all weather conditions, during day or night. The Stable Point Network (SPN) is an advanced differential interferometric chain which was developed in order to process several raw radar images to achieve millimetric ground motion measurements. Results are provided in GIS format and can be received and analysed by CO2 reservoir engineers remotely without the need for site visits. InSAR may be applied at different stages during a CO2 storage project: 1)To select the most suitable site, prior to any ground work; the technique allows for the creation of historical ground motion studies of areas of interest to assess the stability of potential sites of CO2 storage by using images from the last 15 years. Moreover, SAR images are used to provide information for the detection of faults, lineaments and geological structures for surface characterization of potential reservoirs. 2)Once the site is selected and before the injection phase, a high resolution two year study enables the assessment of seasonal motion of the area of interest and the accurate identification of existing weak points (infrastructure, houses, etc.) to categorise them before the injection and pay special attention to them during the injection. 3)During the injection, surface deformation monitoring contributes to a better understanding of the CO2 distribution inside the reservoir. Given the wide area covered by radar satellite images, InSAR is a cost effective monitoring tool for the entire area surrounding the CO2 storage site. 4)For long term CO2 storage, InSAR provides a reliable and non-intrusive remote monitoring system. InSAR is adaptable to any site conditions; measurements can be taken in remote desert areas as well as in rural vegetated areas. In the later case, aluminium reflectors are installed to guarantee satellite measurement points. The frequency of measurement updates depends on the concrete project needs and can be increased during critical stages of the project. The technique’s capability to combine different satellites guarantees continuity of the measurements for at least the next 20 years.
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The In Salah CO2 Storage Demonstration Project: Short-term Monitoring to Constrain Long-term Verification
Authors P.S. Ringrose, A. Mathieson, J. Midgley, N. Saoula and I. WrightThe In Salah project in Algeria is an industrial-scale CO2 storage project that has been in operation since 2004. CO2 from several gas fields, which have a CO2 content of 5-10%, is removed from the production stream to meet the sales gas export specification of 0.3% CO2. The project has several key features which make it unique among the early-mover CCS demonstration projects. The site is onshore in a remote desert location, with storage in low-permeability rock formations in the saline aquifer adjacent to a producing gas reservoir. This demonstration project is thus relevant to many candidate CCS sites in saline aquifers and depleted oil and gas reservoirs in continental locations close to major point-sources of CO2. The key question the project had to address was which monitoring methods would be fit-for-purpose at this site. The criteria for determining this include: (a) ability of the method to detect CO2 migration as a fluid or gaseous phase, (b) the practical constraints for surface and down-hole tool deployment, and (c) cost. After a thorough and progressive review of the potential methods, the following monitoring portfolio has emerged: • Downhole gas analysis (as a baseline for subsurface gas distributions) • Surface gas analysis (as a baseline for surface gas distributions) • Production and injection wellhead monitoring (including pressures, temperatures, gas composition, and detection of injected tracers) • Micro-seismic event detection (deployed in a dedicated monitoring well) • Time-lapse 3D seismic (over a limited area of interest) • Satellite (InSAR) data to detect surface deformation • Tiltmeters and GPS stations to calibrate surface deformations • Groundwater wells (to measure base-line groundwater chemistry and flow and to deploy longer-term CO2 monitoring devices) • Core and well log data to characterise the reservoir and calibrate subsurface models. The ongoing R&D programme, involving several partners supported by the US DoE and the European Commission, focuses on improved understanding of the coupled mechanical and multi-phase flow processes, and the corresponding input data and assumptions. Preliminary models show a CO2 migration pattern consistent with observations to date. Longer-term predictions are inherently uncertain, but the 5-year monitoring history does give us improved constraints to these uncertainties.
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Aquifer Appraisal and Pressure Management
Authors D.S. Hughes and A. BecklySummary not available
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What Have We Learnt from Demonstration Projects?
Authors M. Basava-Reddi, B. Beck, M. Haines, T. Dixon and N. WildgustSummary not available
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Storage Site Candidate for Belchatow Demo Plant
Authors A. Wojcicki, S. Nagy, B. Papiernik, W. Szott, J. Checko, R. Tarkowski and T. BakSummary not available
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