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Geomodel 2015 - 17th science and applied research conference on oil and gas geological exploration and development
- Conference date: September 07-10, 2015
- Location: Gelendzhik, Russia
- Published: 07 September 2015
101 - 189 of 189 results
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Correlation of Anomalies of the Mid-Frequency Microseisms With Gas Field
Authors E.A. Hogoev and T.I. ChichininaSummaryDeveloped technology of background fields of microseisms of standard seismic prospecting data, allowing to follow the change of their spectral composition along the seismic profile. Results of detection of anomalies microseisms in range up to 40 Hz of one from the perspective areas of Eastern Siberia are given. It is determined, that the borehole, which gave the industrial inflow of gas, is located in the zone of the increased level of the microseismic medium frequencies anomaly
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Application of Anisotropic Joint Total Variation to Inversion of Seismic and Magnetotelluric Data
Authors D.M. Molodtsov, V.N. Troyan, N.Y. Bobrov and D.A. PopovSummaryJoint total variation functional, its anisotropic generalization, and its application to joint inversion of seismic and EM data is discussed. Algorithm of 2-D joint inversion of seismic first-arrival traveltimes and MT impedances is presented. In numerical experiment with synthetic data it is demonstrated, that the discussed algorithm improves both seismic and EM models in comparison with single-domain inversions.
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Quick Assessment of 3D Distribution of Geophysical Parameters to Predict Porosity and Permeability Properties of Rostashi-Konnovkoye Field
More LessSummaryThe main purpose of the work is to explore the possibilities of rapid modeling of geophysical parameters and their distribution, net-reservoir identification and finding zones with best reservoir properties to drill new wells.
In this paper, the geological model is built according to the following scheme: continuous fields of gamma ray index (gamma ray and neutron logs) and a field of wave interval transit time are modeled, and then based on the accepted petrophysical model, the fields are converted into volumes of lithological differences, porosity, and permeability.
The porosity parameters volume was built using the lithofacies distribution and the probability distribution. Net-reservoir and non-reservoir were separated based on the cut-off value - Poro = 4.5% determined by the core data. Tight clay and carbonate rocks and clayey varieties belong to non-reservoir type. The main reservoirs for fluids are limestones and dolomites. The average porosity value of the reservoirs was 8.0%.
According to the analysis of porosity distribution, the porous-cavern reservoir type is most widely spread in the northern part of the field and facially refers to limestones and dolomitic limestones. Fracture porosity is most developed in the southern part of the field near the regional tectonic fault and is most likely of a tectonic origin
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Analysis of Experience of Actual Competencies Formation in Russian Petroleum Sector
Authors K.M. Fedorov and L.V. Prohoda-ShumskySummaryDevelopment of hard-to-recover and offshore resources is the modern challenge of petroleum industry not only in Russia but in the whole world. Perspectives of their exploitation are defined by volume scale, applied technologies of effective production, invest climate and of course personal able to solve new innovation problems.
New competencies formation is a laborious and time-consuming problem that needs significant efforts and financial charges. The history of foreign competencies involvement in Russia for the solution of the problem of personal training for breakthrough directions in petroleum industry is considered. The gained experience in training and engineering cluster based on Academy of Oil and Gas Engineering for additional professional education is analyzed. This cluster includes necessary infrastructure for quality and actual training. Academy offers different types of training activity in the fields of geology, reservoir evaluation and engineering. Almost all Russian production operators are the customers of Academy service. The project is proceeding on the basis of private investment that gives it appropriate flexibility.
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Perform a Pilot Studying Result for Testing of Enhanced Diversity Stack
Authors D.A. Litvichenko, A.S. Sorokin and A.B. KorotkovSummaryThe paper reviews the results of testing Enhanced Diversity Stack. Industrial noise and random impulse noise significantly reduce the non-explosive seismic data quality. This interference cannot be completely removed by accumulation of data in the registration procedure or suppression. Enhanced Diversity Stack is used before seismic processing. This procedure was tested in a pilot studying, in the lake region in winter when ice-cracked forms. Detailed analysis of the testing showed both positive and negative effects from the use of the Enhanced Diversity Stack noise editor. As a result, it is concluded that the Enhanced Diversity Stack should be used in areas with high intensity impulse noise. It is necessary to select the correct parameters of the Enhanced Diversity Stack for each territory.
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Application of Seismic Attributes Analysis Results for Uncertainty Estimation of Facies Boundaries
Authors K.A. Bogdanova, D.A. Reshetnikov and B.V. BelozerovSummaryIn order to succeed in Field development we should understand the reservoir facies distribution, accounting uncertainties related to facies determination. In practice different seismic attributes are used to obtain facies maps, but in this particular case seismic data are characterized by poor quality and attributes are extremely noisy. Integrated core and well logs analysis has showed that facies observed on given area can be distinguished by net to gross ratio. Therefore, prediction NTG maps derived from seismic data were investigated to determine lateral facies boundaries. Taking into consideration that prediction maps are based on regression relationship with well log interpretation data, they have revealed more “geological” and less noisy results. Estimating errors of prediction based on seismic data allowed to calculate pessimistic and optimistic NTG prediction maps, and subsequently to determine pessimistic and optimistic variants of facies boundaries. Then accounting matching of all variants of facies boundaries (basic, pessimistic and optimistic), risk map was constructed and there low risk values were set to the zones, where boundaries of particular facies were overlapped on three variants of facies maps.
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Manifestation of Displacement Line OWC in the Development Field in the Model Seismic Data
Authors N.E. Gurentsov and T.I. TitarenkoSummaryThis work is devoted to studying the impact of the effects of oilfield development on the seismic data. We study the limits of applicability of seismic exploration techniques for monitoring the reservoir state and determining the location and shift of fluid contacts. A traditional collector, representing the anticline structure with a hydrocarbon deposit in its arch, was modeled. Various properties (velocity and density) were investigated for each layer. The first part of the study included modeling of fully oil saturated zone; the geometrical boundaries of this zone determine the position of OWC, which manifests itself in the seismic wave field due to the contrast in elastic properties of contacting fluids. Based on the solution of the acoustic wave equation (P-wave) we’ve acquired CSP seismograms, with the Ricker pulse (center frequency of 60 Hz).
During data processing multiples and external noise were eliminated to obtain a stack with preservation of the true amplitude ratio. Charts of amplitude distribution along the target horizon show the possibility of allocating fluid-saturated zone by the change of the dynamic characteristics of the reflected waves. The migrated CDP stacks were input to the inversion procedure. We studied the effects of oilfield development on the results of different inversion algorithms. Correlation of elastic parameters with geomechanical properties of the medium and forecast of the stress state were performed
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Lithofacies Zonality Research in Terrigenous Deposits with Using Oriented Core Samples
Authors L.A. Krasnoschekova, V.P. Merkulov, D.A. Cherdantseva and I.V. RyashentsevSummaryThe paper deals with using oriented core samples for studying oil reservoirs formation and facies. Structural characteristics of the rocks were studied by the creation of panoramic pictures of the core samples, after that it became possible to study in detail the conditions for the sedimentary rocks formation including azimuth, orientation and lamination incidence angles, dispersal and relationship of lamination parts and their quantitative ratio, etc. In this paper the authors for the first time creates a 3D visualization model of core samples in a graphics editor AdobePhotoShopCS 5 based on panoramic pictures of core samples. Oriented core samples application in the study of oil field rocks allows taking into account characteristics of deposit internal structure and doing the actual reservoir models.
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Selection and Synthesis of Petrophysical Knowledge on the Basis of Building a Semiotic Model of Professional Work
By B.N. EnikeevSummaryThe paper proposes a semiotic model, which explains the structure of most petrophysical publications. That allows drawing the list of typical signs of petrophysical knowledge profanation (irrelevant variables, incorrect significance tests, inadequate regressions etc.) The paper suggests following types of errors : “slob error” (using just built-in models in software); “leader error” (blindly following local authority and neglect specifics of the object); “empiricism error” (using local approximations obtained on a limited sample); “self-deception error” (relying upon formal relationships that have nothing to do with data); “eclectic error” (compounding contradictory information from different models); “model errors” (using incorrect settings for petrophysical models). The author explores how these errors appear, examines their causes, as well as ways to identify and reduce the harm.
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Evaluation of Equilibrium Water Content in Hydrate Saturated Porous Media
Authors V.A. Istomin, E.M. Chuvilin and B.A. BukhanovSummaryThe new technique for estimation of equilibrium water content (nonclathrated water) in hydrate saturated porous media depending on temperature and hydrate-forming gas pressure is discussed. Thermodynamic calculations are based on experimentally determined of pore water potential and water activity by the device WP 4 of Decagon. Two types of pore media are used in experiments: artificial model glass beads, simples without holes (Glass beads), with specify pore-capillary sizes (samples CPG) and multimineral natural clay. The nonclathrated water content in experiments is in a good correlation with structure of the pore space and the temperature shift of hydrate conditions. The calculated values of nonclathrated water are in a good agreement with experimental date that were determined by the contact method.
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Bazhenov Formation Kerogen Porosity
SummaryResults of the bazhenov formation rocks kerogen porosity study are provided in this work. System of pores is found in the kerogen of the rocks that are under catagenetic transformation corresponding to the end of the oil age. Pores were found both in kerogen of carbonate-siliceous and siliceous-radiolarian lithotype rocks and in clay-siliceous rocks of the “matrix”. Using a high-resolution electron microscopy the structure of kerogen void space was studied. Pore size is up to 2 μm, pores are well connected with each other znd have a round, oval or teardrop shape. Void space in the kerogen is prone to pyritization, that negatively impact on the pore volume and their connection. Kerogen porosity depends on the catagenesis stage of rocks, and areas with high kerogen porosity consider to be collectors.
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The use of computer analysis of digital images for the study of core material
By I. KhasanovSummaryThe method is based on the study of digital images of rocks represented by core material or samples using computer software. The method begins with the preparation of core material. Kern has to be pre-sawed and laid on the table for taking photos. Photographs a core made in daylight and ultraviolet light. The result is a digital core images in which each pixel is a set of three colors in the format of RGB. Digital images are recorded in the computer. Work is carried out with the help of the developed software package «CollSkanDigital». The package allows semi-automatic process the digital images and the core material at the outlet to obtain graphical and geological information. The technology has no direct analogues. The method is characterized by high reliability and precision, detailed research. Objects of research are tenths of a millimeter, and the probability of error is negligible because all the graphic and computing works are carried out by technical means with the help of software. Insignificant as the time spent on research. So the study of 100 m. Core in this way, time is on average 3–4 hours, with detailed studies of 1 cm.
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The Bazhenov Formation Research by Physico-Chemical Methods
SummaryThe Bazhenov formation rocks research by standard petrophysical methods gives distorted or incorrect result, so it requires some innovative approaches. This work presents the cation exchange capacity (CAC), oxidation-reduction (ORP) and diffusion-adsorption (DAP) potentials determination. As well as wettability by adsorption method. The main methodogical feautures of experiments with Bazhenov rocks were identified. It was found high values of ORP and hydrophobicity coefficient in couple with low values of CAC in oil-saturated intervals. The DAP value depends on clay content and carbonate inclusions presence
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Geochemistry of Organic Matter Formation Rocks of Khadum Western Caucasus - Source Non-Traditional Accumulations
Authors N.S. Yandarbiyev, E.V. Kozlova, R. Mustaev and K.Y. OdintsovaSummaryGiven the emerging interest in recent years to the study of “slate” sources of hydrocarbons in the world, was conducted geochemical study of sediments Khadum suite Ciscaucasia as a possible reserve replenishment of hydrocarbons in the south of Russia
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Thermal Conductivity as Indicator of Total Organic Carbon for Bazhen Svite Rocks
Authors E.Y. Popov, G.A. Kalmykov, Y.A. Popov, M.Y. Spasennykh, N.N. Bogdanovich and A.M. PleshakovSummaryThe thermal properties (thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, anisotropy coefficient, heterogeneity factor) of 129 core plugs from a well crossed the bazhen svite were studied with the optical scanning technique. Relationship established between the thermal properties and total organic carbon demonstrates a close correlation between the thermal conductivity and total organic carbon. It was established that total organic carbon influence on the thermal conductivity dominates, when a porosity influence on the thermal conductivity, that is essential for other terrigenous and carbonate rocks, is suppressed. Thermal anisotropy coefficient correlates well with the thermal conductivity and total organic carbon also. Thermal heterogeneity factor increases with a decrease in total organic content that characterizes texture and structure of the bazhen svite rocks. The results demonstrate that thermal conductivity data inferred easily with high precision with application of the non-destructive non-contact optical scanning technique application provides quick and representative estimation of the total organic carbon from numerous measurements on full size cores. Such approach can be implemented within a thermal core logging when the measurements of thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, thermal anisotropy coefficient, and thermal heterogeneity factor are performed from continuous thermal profiling on all full size cores recovered from a well.
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Using Principles of Mixing and Inclusion Doesn’t Always Guarantee Fun
By B.N. EnikeevSummaryPrinciples of inclusion and mixing have been developed in the first half of the 20-th century. A number of researchers used them to evaluate physical properties of rocks. The author, together with M.M.Ellansky, published a series of articles and two books on this methodology and its applications. Growing popularity of the method in the recent publications make it crucial to draw attention to the limitations of these principles. Both principles are theoretically limited by the similarity of the field obtained by averaging at the next stage of inclusion or mixing. But this condition is not operational. In the end, we have to rely on the result - an empirical test. The report illustrates on two examples that the discrete version of the principles is inefficient to analyze the relationship of permeability and capillary pressure curves.
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Improving Quality of Rock Anisotropy Study by Combining Sonic Logging and Thermal Conductivity Measurements on Cores
Authors Y.A. Popov, I.V. Mikhaltseva, E.M. Chekhonin, E.Y. Popov, R.A. Romushkevich, G.A. Kalmykov and I.D. LatypovSummaryAcoustic anisotropy in sedimentary rock has a significant impact on seismic processing. Recent sonic processing techniques allow estimation of TIV anisotropy by obtaining shear velocity from Stoneley data. This however is often challenging and will depend on the quality of the acoustic signal, borehole and mud conditions as well as the direction of the borehole with respect to the anisotropic axes of symmetry. Combining sonic logging and sonic measurements on cores leads to a necessity to sample several plugs in different directions, rock heterogeneity interference, full size core destruction that makes the approach time-consuming and not reliable often. We combined the SonicScanner logging data with fast, non-contact non-destructive measurements of principal thermal conductivity tensor components on cores that provided a comprehensive analysis of variations in thermal and acoustic anisotropy along a well for the first time. Thermal conductivity was measured on 369 full size cores along a 60-meters interval. The study showed that both thermal and acoustic anisotropy are related to rock texture and well correlated. Moreover, analysis of thermal anisotropy was used for anisotropy characterization in intervals where well conditions did not allow estimating rock anisotropy from the sonic logging data
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The Influence of Material Composition on the Filtration Properties of the Reservoir
Authors D.B. Chizhov, S.A. Gubin, I.A. Kozhevnikov, I.A. Shilov and V.V. MalikovSummaryIn the article special attention is given to the siderite found in Bobrikov sediments by Unvinskoye field. Siderite is of interest in connection with the problem encountered in the operation of injection wells. In some of the wells observed a decrease in permeability during injection of surface waters. This effect is also observed when performing filtration tests on the core samples in the laboratory
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Application of Effective Medium Theory to Reconstruction of Elasticity Tensor of Bentheimer Sandstone
Authors T.R. Yalaev, E.M. Chekhonin, E.Y. Popov, V.V. Abashkin and R.A. RomushkevichSummaryKey macroscopic characteristics of hydrocarbon-bearing formations (necessary information for development of the oil and gas deposits) are determined mainly by microscopic structural features of the reservoir pore space. Combination of effective medium theory with high-quality laboratory experiments on thermal and acoustic properties of rocks provides important information for petrophysics and prospecting geophysics. An example is demonstrated with well-known rock - Bentheimer sandstone – which is widely used for many purposes. 20 cores were accurately studied at the normal conditions at air- and water-saturated states. Parameters of rock microstructure were estimated, the forward EMT-based model of rock properties has been created using two different methods, and the elasticity tensor of Bentheimer sandstone was reconstructed. The constructed model was successfully validated by comparison the calculated thermal conductivity, compressional and shears wave velocities with corresponding laboratory measurements at different saturation state. Demonstrated that preliminary validation of EMT-based model on extended experimental dataset is critically important, that can have an impact on successful solution of different problems of prospecting geophysics. Consistent model promotes deeper understanding the link between different rock properties, results can be used for improvement different engineering models of effective properties.
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Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in a Layered Elasto-Plastic Medium
Authors Y.P. Stefanov and A.V. MyasnikovSummarySome results of hydraulic fracture (HF) modeling in brittle-ductile formations are presented. Main peculiarities of HF propagation in such formations are captured by the developed physical and computational model. The HF design for specific engineering jobs requires data of reservoir elastic and strength properties, and on initial stress distribution, which all are not always available. Thus, the major goal of the present modeling is to link the observed features of hydraulic fracture propagation with uncertainties of the mentioned above properties
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Modelling of the Alterations of Filtrational and Electrical Near-Wellbore Zone Properties to Evaluate of Damaging
Authors A. Makarova, D. Mikhailov and V. ShakoSummaryDuring drilling and completion operations, mud filtrate and different mud components do invade into the near-wellbore zone due to ‘over-balance’ pressure and create multizone structures. The electrical resistivity significantly changes due to different electrical conductivities of mud filtrate and reservoir fluids. It well known that it strongly impacts the resistivity log data.
The developed technique includes a mathematical model of transient behavior of near-wellbore multiphase phenomena which takes into account mud component invasion/removal. It simulates the log response of the resistivity and allows for diagnosis, prevention and control of alteration of near-wellbore properties. The mathematical modeling of the direct resistivity log is considered, taking into account transient alteration of reservoir properties and fluid saturations in the near-wellbore zone due to invasion/removal components of drilling mud. The distribution of electrical resistivity is simulated on basis of results of hydrodynamic modelling of mud invasion process with taking into account salt transport and exchange between filtrate and reservoir water.
The paper discusses modification of near-wellbore zone properties due to filtrate invasion, fines migration, wettability alteration, capillary imbibition and impact of it on characteristics of damaging, well cleanup, production and on resistivity log data. The investigation is carried out for synthetic and literature field cases.
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Multiscale Volume Microscopy of Terrigenous Reservoir Core
Authors V.Y. Shklover, N.A. Artemov, P.R. Kazansky, V.P. Zagvozdin and S.N. KhakhanovSummaryThe present study aims to determine applicability of multiscale volume microscopy and analysis techniques for reservoir rocks characterization and to provide more accurate raw dataset for fluid dynamics modeling.
To that end:
- Microstructure yielded by traditional “digital rock” microCT was complemented with data on mineral composition and porosity on submicron scale.
- Reservoir properties were evaluated on widely different scales accounting for various porosity types. Wettability was locally evaluated in correlation with mineral composition of terrigenous reservoir core sample.
The correlative analytical microscopy studies conducted on terrigenous reservoir core sample yielded multiscale 3D images of microstructure and pore space, as well as 3D images of elemental and mineral composition superimposed within the same region of interest.
The dedicated software was used to integrate data obtained on different scales into a single pore space model.
The suggested multiscale technique for evaluation and upscaling porosity data was tested on a sample collection featuring different fluid dynamics for correlation with physical experiments results.
The feasibility of multiscale evaluation approach to terrigenous porous reservoirs characterization was cogently shown. For mineral composition and porosity of the studied samples the more accurate data were yielded.
A novel technique for evaluation of inner pore surfaces’ wettability was suggested
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Drilling ERD Well with Eyes Open with Reservoir-Scale Mapping While Drilling Technology, First Application in the Caspian
SummaryIn the beginning of 2015 LUKOIL and Schlumberger have implemented the new Reservoir-schale mapping while drilling technology for the first time in the Caspian sea, well 108 Korchagina field. The new technology application allowed for accurate placement of ERD (extended reach drilling) well within the productive interval. That have led to achievement of 88.5 % NTG (net-to gross) which is the heights in the field. Valuable surveillance data on OWC position was acquired, which is very important at the current stage of field development. Significant radius of investigation (in excess of 30 m) of deep electromagnetic measurements enabled drilling “with the eyes open” by remote mapping of formation boundaries. Thus good understanding of structural behavior in real time and supplementary exploration was acquired. Identification of the faults and their displacement magnitude facilitated 3D sector model update in the area of well drilling.
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The Influence of Neotectonic Processes on the Format Oligocen-Miocene Sediments of the Indolo-Kuban Deflection
More LessSummaryAs a result of work performed role of neotectonic processes on the formation of the block structure and seismic facies differentiation properties of the Indolo - Kuban deflection, defined the nature of disclosure-panel Cenozoic section and variability of its petrophysical and geodynamic properties. Shown the possibility and the role of vertical migration of hydrocarbons from the intervals of the intermediate complex of the Paleozoic - Mesozoic section.
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Seismic Attributes Application for Hydrocarbons Indicating, an Example from Black Sea
Authors O.V. Troshin and M.M. GestkovaSummarySeismic attributes and their applications in seismic interpretation. Multiattribute analysis for hydrocarbon indicating (amplitude, phase, frequency attributes). Review of Black sea Neogene hydrocarbon potential and its resources estimating.
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The Study of the Geodynamic Characteristics of the Rocks of the Tires on the Sakhalin Shelf
Authors G.Y. Shilov, A.V. Bondarev, V.Y. Kerimov, A.Y. Makarova and L.V. LyukshinaSummaryOn Sakhalin island and the adjacent shelf is divided into 3 Cenozoic basin, characterized by the specificity of sedimentary cover and petroleum potential of the North-Sakhalin, West of Sakhalin, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. To estimate pore pressures in the clay tires we used a method of equivalent depths, including its modification, when was established the presence of erosion of sediments.In sections of all wells confidently stands out cobicistat tire with pore pressure gradients to 0.18 MPa/m. In all likelihood it is a regional tire and securely retains hydrocarbon deposits in the horizon Dagi fields Kirinsky block. Verhnemutnovskaya tire that isolates hydrocarbon deposits in nizhnenutovsk the horizon of the Piltun-Astokhskoye field, the studied area appears to be less reliable than the lid in clay oxobicyclo the horizon. The pore pressure gradients here do not exceed 0.15 MPa/m. In all offshore oil and gas fields of Sakhalin basic petroleum potential associated with clastic porous reservoirs of the middle-upper Miocene-Pliocene and fractured-porous reservoirs of the Oligocene-Miocene of silicites
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Special Aspects of Uppernutovo-Pomir Complex Reservoirs Sedimentation and Formation in East Odoptinskii Area
Authors V.I. Shegay and Y.I. ShteinSummaryOn the basis of modern seismic data the construction of the sedimentation model of UpperNutovo-Pomir complex within the East Odoptinskii zone were carried out. The regularities of sediment accumulation and distribution were discovered in the area of the research. The influence of the East odoptinkoe lifting (sediment barrier) on the depositional environment of the Pliocene were estimated. Confirmed the presence of favorable conditions for generation of UpperNutovo-Pomir complex traps
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Problems of Using Modern Seismic Technology on the Russian Shelf
By Y.P. AmpilovSummaryThe paper addressed to issues related to the changes of the Russian oilfield services market in the fall of oil prices and sector of sanctions imposed by the US and the European Union on Russia. The factors that affect the foreseeable future on the oil quotations, marked the key trends in the global and Russian oilfield services market. Emphasis is placed on the need for a long-term individual domestic exploration and production technologies for the most key process steps
The abstract describes the main competing technologies to obtain a seismic record in a wide range of frequencies for shelf studies. These modifications of seismic exploration currently hold about half of the world market, while on the Russian shelf, they almost do not apply. The author analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method. It is concluded that the preference of using multisensor technology compared to other solutions. The report also analyzed the impact of sanctions on the use of new technologies Keywords: broadband seismic, offshore seismic, multicomponent registration, dual sensors, hydrophones, geophones
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Feasibility of Effective-Medium Anisotropic Models of Fractured Rocks in Seismic Characterization of Natural Fractures
Authors T.I. Chichinina, I.R. Obolentseva and G.A. DugarovSummaryWe deal with Effective-Medium Anisotropic (EMA) models of fractured rocks, which identify parallel fractures embedded in isotropic background rock. For example, there are Schoenberg’s linear-slip-fracture model and/or Hudson’s penny-shaped-crack model, which are widely used in seismic exploration. On the one hand, these models are considered to be of transversely isotropic (TI) symmetry and therefore such models can be identified by five independent components of stiffness tensor C. However on the other hand, the EMA models are identified by only four independent components, whereas their fifth component C13 is ought to be found as a function of other components. We analyze EMA model from the viewpoint of its constraint on C13. It has a certain physical sense related to elastic compliance tensor S. Following its interpretation in terms of the compliance tensor S, we found out that Poisson’s ratios are involved in the constraint. We inferred that the constraint on C13 rewritten in terms of the Poisson’s ratios appeared not to be feasible for real rocks. Therefore EMA models may not be applicable for prediction of the P- and SV-wave velocities at arbitrary incidence angle, because of the C13 required, which may be erroneously calculated in frames of the EMA model.
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About Surface Waves in Borehole and Procedure of Their Extraction
Authors A. Nikitin, D.R. Mulyukov and M. ChararaSummaryIn acoustic logging, as in laboratory research, the surface waves arise in borehole. Analytical search of surface waves is reduced to the solution of the dispersion equation, depends on the choice of branchcuts and is a complex task. However, there is TKO procedure for quickly decomposition of wavetrains on plane waves. Based on laboratory scale simulation, it is shows that the results of TKO procedure well agree with the solution of the dispersion equation, if you choose the vertical branchcuts. Classification of surface waves is suggested which can also be used in acoustic logging.
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Model-building Example of Effective-medium Anisotropic Model of Fractured Rock for Oil/Gas Shale Plays
Authors T.I. Chichinina, I.R. Obolentseva and G.A. DugarovSummaryShales exhibit poor hydraulic permeability and low porosity, and therefore stimulation by hydraulic fracturing is the primary mechanism commonly used to increase rates of oil and gas production in shales. Prediction of the azimuth of hydraulic-fracture growth and minimum horizontal stress requires a study of azimuthal anisotropy of rocks due to uneven distribution of horizontal tectonic stresses in the earth’s crust. In a general way anisotropic models of gas-oil shale deposits combine two constituents: external, namely azimuthal anisotropy (HTI model), and inner, namely anisotropy of shales (VTI model). The simplest azimuthally anisotropic model presents an isotropic medium with vertical parallel fractures. This is HTI model, i.e. the transversely isotropic (TI) with horizontal (H) symmetry axis. However the inner VTI shale anisotropy cannot be neglected. A superposition of these two symmetry types gives the model of orthorhombic symmetry (ORT). We present algorithm and concrete example of construction of the effective ORT model of fractured medium for shales in the form of the Linear Slip model with the two mutually orthogonal fracture systems. In the Linear Slip model for shale rocks, the horizontal micro-cracks between clay micro-particles are treated as planes of weaknesses and therefore can be perceived as horizontal fractures.
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About a Choice of Technical Solutions when Developing the Equipment for VSP
Authors A.V. Bagmut and V.A. BagmutSummaryThe report is devoted to the analysis of quality of information when performing modern borehole researches VSP, depending on technical realization of probes and some other parameters
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The Obtaining Seismic Images of Borehole Environment
Authors V.I. Bondarev and S.M. KrylatkovSummaryOne of the main tasks of the method offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) is the building seismic image of the geological environment near the borehole. The process of obtaining the time (deep) section of the geological environment is called the offset VSP data migration. Two approaches are considered to perform this migration, based on different concepts about the nature of the detected secondary wave fields. The first approach assumes that the recorded wave field is a field of mirror-reflected waves. It is based on methods that use the principles of bringing well log data to the virtual observations at the earth’s surface. To this group belong and approaches emanating from the assumption that the recorded wave field offset VSP is a record only of the reflected waves from the combination of horizontally bedded borders. The second approach stems from the position that the recorded wave field is the field diffracted waves. It includes a large group of different migration options. On the basis of both approaches offer original ways of obtaining seismic images of the geological environment. Received proposed methods seismic image of the geological environment has the properties of migrated images. By controlling the parameters (shape, size, the number of calculation points, etc.) you can get the final seismic image different dynamic expressiveness.
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Hydrocarbon Microtremors: A Method of Microseismic Analysis with Conventional Seismic Data 2D/3D
Authors E.A. Hogoev, T.I. Chichinina and G.V. VedernikovSummaryWe study natural low-frequency acoustic emission from oil and gas reservoirs, also called hydrocarbons microtremors (microseisms). The method consists in analysis of frequency spectra of microseisms in conventional 2D/3D seismic data, for example prestack CDP gathers. In the contrast to the original version of the method (classical method of Vedernikov), our modified method deals with the use of the later arrival times, after all the arrivals of reflected waves. Whilst the classical method uses only the earliest arrival times, which are before the first arrivals of reflected waves. For distinguishing and separation of the microtremors, the best fit is the end parts of seismic traces, which contain weakened, totally attenuated signal from an artificial source (e.g. vibrator or explosion). That is the difference between the new method and the classical method, which uses only the initial parts of seismic traces. After numerous experiments on data processing to detect micro-seismic emission of hydrocarbons, we inferred the following criteria: that the offsets should be longer than 1 km and the time delays should be more than 3.5 seconds. Finally as a result of the method application, the microseismic spectrum anomaly of oil and gas reservoirs was found, which was confirmed by drilling.
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Passive Surface Microseismic Monitoring of Hydraulic Fractur-ing in Injection Wells of OJSC «Tatneft»: Results and Reliability
SummaryThe work highlights the results of assessing the validity of passive microseismic hydraulic fracture monitoring in injection wells in OJSC “Tatneft”. There is described the evaluation of hydraulic fracture monitoring results before and after hydraulic fracturing by using hydrodynamic (fall off) and tracer studies. The results of assessment are represented in the paper.
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Event Location and Determining its Seismic Moment in Heavy Surface Coherent Noise Using Maximum Likelihood Method
Authors E.V. Biryaltsev, V.A. Ryzhov, M.R. Kamilov and D.E. DemidovSummaryThe report presents our solution to the problem of detecting the position and definition of seismic moment tensor for single microseismic event in a strongly correlated noise. This problem is typical for surface microseismic monitoring of a developed field as well as for surface hydraulic fracture monitoring. We offer a solution to this problem based on the maximum likelihood method. There is shown an example of a synthetic event location in the real noise. We compare two variants of simplification of maximum likelihood method: Variance and Covariance. It has been shown that account correlations between real noise (covariance method) significantly reduces locations artifacts and in 10 times increases the signal/noise ratio.
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Features of Aerogeophysical Surveys in Polar Latitudes
Authors V.E. Mogilevsky, S.A. Pavlov, O.R. Kontarovich and G.I. BrovkinSummaryThe results of the aerogeophysical surveys, executed “GNPP Aerogeophysics” above the aquatorium of the Arctic Ocean are considered. The features of surveys in high latitudes are marked, which should to be taken into account at planning and production of works for their successful performance
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Capabilities and Newest Results of 3D TEM Studies in Eastern Siberia
Authors O.V. Tokareva, S.V. Kompaniets and Y.A. AgafonovSummaryThe paper describes capabilities of 3D TEM studies for the hydrocarbon exploration. Based on relations between reservoir properties and its geoelectric parameters derived from well-logs, as well as petrophysical properties, the most prospective zones are predicted. Also the methodical features of 3D TEM application for fault zones investigations are proposed.
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Integration and Integrated Analysis of the Methods of Exploration Geophysics for Searching Oil and Gas Deposits
Authors I.I. Khaliulin and N.N. YaitskiySummaryThe essence of the work lies in the complexing of exploration geophysics methods with the purpose to search for oil and gas. At the first stage of work the rapid forecast of hydrocarbon deposits (HC) was completed in the Cenomanian deposits on potential fields. In the interpretation system (IS) PANGEA the integrated analysis of the gravitational and magnetic fields was conducted.
The territory of the Yamal Peninsula is covered with a regular network of regional seismic profiles. When comparing the abnormal area with the crossing of its regional profiles on time section anomaly seismic record in the form of an area with absolutely horizontal axis in the phase of a reflector was detected. Thus the gas-water contact (GWC) displays on the time section in the geological interpretation.
After reprocessing and reinterpretation of seismic areal works, on which the abnormal region from the map perspectives gets, the GWC is clearly began to beat from the alleged Cenomanian deposit on time sections.
Thus, the first works on the integration of different methods of field geophysics gave a good result. The further forecasting of the deposits by this technology will continue.
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Physical Modelling in Exploration Seismology: Reasonability, Limitations and Perspectives of the Method
Authors V.V. Polovkov, D.A. Popov, M.V. Musin and E.G. ZhemchuzhnikovSummaryReasonability of physical modelling method for registration of seismic wave fields and its advantages and limitations in comparison with numerical modelling are shown. It is presented software-hardware complex for physical modelling, developed in “Seismo-Shelf” LLC, and examples of its use.
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The Facial Analysis of Carbonate Deposits of an Assel-Sakmarsky Reef Belt of the Northwest of the Timano-Pechorsky Basin
Authors N.A. Kulakovskiy and A.V. SamoilovSummaryIn work are considered questions of a structure of carbonate deposits of a Perm and Carbonic interval within a reef belt of the northwest of the Timano-Pechorsky province. Results of seismoprospecting works of 2011–2013 within northern part of a shaft of Sorokin are given and the new model of a structure of deposits of P1a+s is presented.
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Lithofacies and Prediction of Reservoir-Rock Distribution Famennian Deposits of Eastern Khoreyver Ledge Timan-Pechora Petroleum Region
Authors A. Musikhin, A. Postnikov, N. Osintseva, E. Postnikov and A. RapoportSummaryThe work is dedicated to the establishment of common factors and distribution of reservoir rocks Famennian age on the basis of lithological, petrophysical and geophysical studies. As part of the study provides lithological characteristics of sediments under study, assessing the impact of the structural parameters of primary and secondary processes in the reservoir properties of the rocks, typing and characterization of reservoir properties of reservoir-rocks, detailed correlation of the sections based on cyclo-stratigraphic analysis, lithological and facies analysis, identifying patterns of spatial and forecast the spread of reservoir rocks of various types.
The study found that the distribution of porous-cavern-type of reservoir connected mainly with the development of stromatoporovo-polifitnyh and polifitnyh limestones and connected to the upper parts of cyclites. Location porous-cavern-type of reservoir changes with time in accordance with changing environments and facies changes in location-stromatoporovo-polifitnyh and polifitnyh buildups. Cracks-cavern-type of reservoir will be developed within zones of distribution of sferovo-algal limestone, development of reservoir properties of this tithologikal type will depend not only on deposition environment, but also on the dynamic influence of faults located within the study area
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Prospects of Poorly Studied Areas of the Timan-Pechora Province on the Basis of the Analysis of Regional Seismic Survey
Authors O.M. Prischepa, V.I. Bogatskiy and O.V. ChumakovaSummaryThe Timan-Pechora oil and gas province is characterized by considerable prospects of the peripheral complex-structured and poorly studied areas.
Summary of the results of regional seismic studies enabled us to clarify tectonic and petroleum-geological zoning, and oil and gas potential of such areas as the northern and central regions of Izhma-Pechora syncline with adjusting Malozemelskaya-Kolguev monocline, characterized by a wide development of deflections and monoclines, subthrust structures of the Urals area and the internal parts of the depressions of Pre-Ural trough, grabens of Timan ridge, complex-structured areas of Chernyshev ridge and Pre-Pay-Khoy-South-Prinovozemelsky trough.
It was established that the borders of oil and gas basin can be extended by including fold-horst formations of Timan ridge, fold-thrust dislocations of Western Ural megazone and southeastern segments of Pay-Khoi-Novaya Zemlya system. The other ways to expand oil and gas prospects are north-western regions of Izhma-Pechora syncline. Achieved level of study does not allow to reliably delineate zones of petroleum accumulations, but targeted exploration within them will help to maintain the rate of licensing and renewing of reserves in the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province in the medium to long term.
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Hybrid Approach to the Geological and Hydrodynamic Modeling of Thermal Recovery from Large Carbonate Reservoirs With Heavy Oil
Authors S.O. Ursegov, A.Z. Zakharian and E.N. TaraskinSummaryThe Permian – Carboniferous heavy oil reservoir of the Usinsk field is the largest object in the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province of Russia. Due to the large size, complexity of the geological structure and duration of the development period at the moment, it is possible to perform multivariate thermohydrodynamic calculations only using the sector models of the pilot areas of the reservoir. In order to predict the production of heavy oil by means of the thermal technologies for a long period, a hybrid approach was suggested. In accordance with the renewed geological structure of the reservoir and the current state of its reserve destribution, two pilot areas were selected, and for each of them the sector thermohydrodynamic models were designed and history matched. The basic idea of the proposed hybrid approach was based on using sector deterministic models to calculate the number of options for further development of the pilot areas, and then, using the identified patterns of influence of injected fluids on the decline coefficient, to predict the technological parameters of the whole reservoir development process its adaptive fuzzy-logic model. The obtained results allowed to conclude that the best process parameters during thermal reservoir development achieved by using as working agents hot water at a temperature not lower 2500 and wet saturated steam. The proposed approach takes into account the strengths of both deterministic simulations (the ability to respond to changes in the temperature conditions of the reservoir development), and adaptive fuzzy logic modeling (the ability to pass the results of sector calculations in the light of the actual history of the reservoir development, thereby bringing them closer to reality) and a high speed of calculations
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Exploration for Upper Devonian Reefs Around the Orenburg Oblast’s South
Authors Y.I. Nikitin and I.R. AkhtyamovaSummaryIn 2012–2013 existing of many Upper Frasnian isolated reefs have been confirmed by 3D seismic survey (704 square km), which were earlier predicted in the Rubezhin Trough around southern part of the Orenburg Oblast. Seismic images of mapped reefs are analogues to images of two reefs, which control of the Rybkin oil field. Mapped reefs are new exploration play fairway for oil in old oil-producing Orenburg region.
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Detailed Method for Static Modeling of Geobodies of Ozhginskoe Gas-Oil Field
Authors A.P. Kuvaldin and A.V. PodnebesnykhSummaryIt was found that for field development project with a complex geological structure prediction of reservoir distribution and well working design by standard static modeling methods not correctly. Often there are problems with water flooding and gas-oil ratio in wells adaptation, which are the main criteria for prediction as in this example.
In detailed static gas-oil field model the main depositional environment were identified and performed additional detailed reservoirs subdivision for better prediction well working in different parts of the field, for the drill planning, involved in development deposits and wells with maximum efficiency. Based on static model areas for drilling with maximum localization of residual mobile oil reserves were localized with compiling for each geobodies and reservoirs.
Incorrect understanding of deposits and volume of hydrocarbons leads to making wrong strategic decisions and reduce the economic viability of field development.
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Study of the Geological Characteristics and Development of Statistical Models Forecast OWC of Upper- Devonian-Tournaisian Oil-and-Gas Complex of The Bashkir Arch
Authors D.V. Luzina and D.V. PotekhinSummaryThe Bashkir arch is a large tectonic element with a high degree of study. This fact allowed to realize scientific generalization of data on deposits of all oil-and-gas complexes, to carry out an analysis of the resource base that has served as the basis for identifying the zonal regularities and statistical models for calculating regional oil-water contact.
These regression equations allow for the formation and tectonic features of the structure of the Bashkir arch and allow for the forecast position OWC for more reliable assessment of hydrocarbon resources of identified and trained structures, as well as in refining the boundaries of OWC industrial deposits with conditional OWC, which account for more than 50% of all deposit. This will reduce the uncertainty in the evaluation of resources, will enable significantly more to justify contacts, and as a consequence, the resource base of deposits
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Geological and Geochemical Conditions of Formation of the Lower Devonian Oil Pool within the Olkhovsky Graben
Authors S.P. Levshunova and B.A. SolovievSummaryThe represented research work is dedicated to the study of Olkhovsky micrograben containing the eponymous oil field. The oil pools are located in Pre-Devonian – Carboniferous sediments (especially in the Lower-Devonian ones).
Authors performed special tests such as chemical degasation of rocks and the study of adsorbed gases, and have generalized all the available geological, geophysical and geochemical data.
As a result the important role of free hydrogen from external sources in the formation of hydrocarbons and redusing the dencity of all generated oils is established. This regularity is valid for the entire sedimentary filling Olkhovsky graben, especially for its lower part - for Riphean and Koyvensky sediments.
It was possible to identify various genetic types of hydrogen: radiogenic, magmatic, and generated as a result of serpentenitization of ultrabasic rocks (intrusive and extrusive).
Our research work allowed to make the prediction of oil and gas potential of micrograbens of southeast part of Russian platform from the new position.
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Fault Block Model of Unit Ach3 of Vostochno-Perevalnoe Oilfield
Authors E.I. Bronskova, A.S. Solodovnikova and A.V. BochkarevSummaryShows the different role of gas-condensate flow in the evolution of hydrocarbon deposits: a) destructive role in the processes of gradual reduction in the share of oil in the traps (oil rims), b) unrealized role in the reformation cut off migration routes fading stranded and unextractable oil accumulations in Jurassic sediments, c) creative role in the formation of large gas-condensate wells and in the fill
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Usage of 3D Facial Trend for Geological Modeling of BV8 Beds of Samotlorskoe Field
Authors I.E. Makarov and V.A. AksarinSummaryIn this job consideration of two variants of 3D modeling takes place. The first one is together with facial trend and the second one is without. There are two main facial environments in beds BV8: high dynamic environment and medium-low dynamic environment. In order to recoznize facies in wells without core description Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were used. The main conclusion is that model with 3D facial trend is more detailed and consistent.
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Iterative Approach in the Process of Geological Modeling on the Example of Devonian Deposits of Garshinskoye Field
Authors R.O. Kornikov and M.A. GrischenkoSummaryThe first stage is the evaluation of the degree of knowledge, the quality, and applicability of the original data in order to identify the most significant geological uncertainties, and generate the studies program and a response plan for addressing the challenges and eliminating the uncertainties.
The second stage is based on the response plan in the first iteration, with the uncertainty analysis of the first iteration, new drilling data, evaluation of the error rate in new wells, and evaluation and adjustment of the geological model based on the results of history matching of the flow simulation model within the first iteration.
The advantages of this approach versus the standard method involve the operational account of new data and creating a list of recommendations for additional exploration at an early stage of model building. At the initial stage, the understanding of the degree of knowledge, challenges, time and labor costs required for the construction of the geological model reflecting the geological environment of the simulated target are formed.
The report describes a case study of Garshinskoye field, where this work was carried out, it focuses on further planning of work based on the iterative approach; also, it describes the identified challenges and approaches to address them. A studies program was generated and executed which helped to solve a number of challenges, and significantly improve the knowledge level of Garshinskoye and the neighboring fields. The iterative approach allowed to adjust the drilling program and to save money for the company at an early stage of modeling. The report describes the procedure in more detail.
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The Analysis of the Predicting Accuracy of Methods of Saturation Modelling in Terrigenous Reservoir on the Example of Tomsk Region Oilfield
By V.L. PopovSummaryVarious methods of saturation modelling are briefly described and considered in the paper. The accuracy of each saturation modelling method was estimated with help of crosscheck with wirelog well data. One of Tomsk region oilfields which consists of terrigeneous upper Jurassic rocks and has transition saturation zone was considered. The methods of mathematical interpolation (kriging, moving average) give error more than 30%. These methods do not take into account change of saturation with change of depth and poroperm properties; therefore the prediction error is relatively high. The methods which are based on averaging of capillary data with function (J-function, Foil function) give error 21–22% and highest contribution to this error is related with permeability prediction. The methods which are based on finding relation between capillary data, poroperm properties and saturation (methods of pseudopermeability and Heseldin’s) give lowest saturation prediction error of 15–18%.
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Prediction of Pore Pressures Based on the Depth-Velocity Model for The Bolshekhetskaya Trough
Authors M.A. Obukhova, I.K. Kouznetsov, M.K. Sazikin, D.V. Mitkalev and A.A. KachkinSummaryThere are the low-velocity anomaly zones in the sedimentary cover of the Bolshehetskaya Trough. These zones are located in the arches of target structures and closely related to the rise of 90MPa anomalous isobar of regional reservoir zone of abnormally high formation pressure. One can completely compensate the depth-velocity model effect on the deeper horizons behavior by taking into account the day surface configuration and heterogeneities in the upper part of seismic section. To do this we recommend using of unique contemporary technology of velocity analysis in depth domain after pre-stack depth migration and kinematical-dynamical transformation, which are provided in the interpretive seismic processing system – Prime. On the next stage one can compute the pore pressure model by transformation of layered depth-velocity model to the depth sections of pore pressure. The final stage was the verification of results. The values of abnormally high formation pressure which were estimated directly in the borehole and data, obtained using our approach has good convergence and both reliable for making recommends for drilling.
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Algorithm of Carbonate Fractured Reservoirs Productivity Assessment
Authors A.A. Kozyaev, R.K. Razyapov and A.N. BibikSummaryThe research subject is a productivity characteristics prediction of carbonate fractured oil reservoirs. Authors suggested to cope with the issue by means of building a hybrid fractures geomodel incorporating integrated geological-geophysical information of different scales. The key role in the proposed methodology play wire-line well logs (microscaners, wide-spaced acoustic) and 3D seismic survey. Several practical examples of the methodology implementation on one of Eastern Siberian fields are demonstrated. Authors found out quite interesting correlations between well data and seismic information, that allowed not only maximize the seismic survey implementation effectiveness, but also, as a consequence, to reduce uncertainties. Full scale geological model was built, including the fracture model. The following parameters were forecasted: fractured porosity, permeability tensor. Those parameters were incorporated into the hydrodynamic modeling process. Finally, relevant case studies were analyzed and the research continuation strategy developed
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Sedimentological Modeling Options Aimed to Account Data Nonstationarity in Case of BV8 Reservoir of Samotlor Field
Authors A.A. Kasyanenko and E.V. SmirnovaSummaryПроцесс трехмерного моделирования построен на решении задачи пространственной интерполяции, для которой необходимо выполнение условия стационарности данных. Пространственная стационарность означает, что распределение случайной величины в двух различных зонах области распределения являются идентичными.
Стандартным подходом при анализе и моделировании непрерывных данных является разделение переменных на тренды и остаток. В случае категориальных данных тренд исключить невозможно, поэтому область моделирования делится на части с контрастными геостатистическими характеристиками. Задача разделения объема пласта на зоны авторами работы решается с помощью построения седиментологической модели.
Исходными данными для моделирования являются фации, выделенные по керну. С целью построения более детальной трехмерной седиментологической модели принято решение об увеличении количества исходных данных путем расчета фаций и их вероятностей в скважинах с неотобранным керном с помощью искусственной нейронной сети. В результате применения ИНС фации и их вероятности рассчитаны практически на всем фонде скважин (~ 7 тыс.)
Результаты работы будут направлены на учет нестационарности данных в ходе моделирования петротипов и ФЕС, уточнение их распределения и пространственной корреляции в объеме пластов. Данная работа направлена на выработку оптимального способа извлечения ОИЗ нефти, которые для обоих пластов приурочены к тонкослоистым коллекторам. Игнорирование нестационарности данных может привести к недостоверному завышению радиуса корреляции тонкослоистых коллекторов, увеличению их доли в объеме пласта и к слишком оптимистичной оценке ОИЗ.
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Integration of Data for Fractures Modeling in a Limited Amount of Information
Authors E. Cherkas and A. BorodkinSummaryConsidered in the article oilfield X is located in the territory of Iraq and is in the early stages of development. Given the complicated tectonic history of the region and the complex reservoir of X field, the core samples of which demonstrate both primary and secondary porosity as well as open fractures, it is critically important to understand whether these fractures have significant capacity, and whether fracturing provides a significant inflience on the fluid filtration in the formation. This article provides an analysis of all information available to the reporting date regarding the reservoir fracturing: seismic information, formation micro imager (FMI) data on 2 wells, core sample data, well test data together with the production log test (hereafter DST+PLT), flow test data, well logging data (calculation of wells permeability).
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Problem of Quality of Petrothermophysical and Geothermal Input Data for Basin and Petroleum System Modeling
By Y.A. PopovSummaryBasin and petroleum system modeling requires reliable input data on the formation thermal properties and heat flow. It was established from analysis that previous traditional experimental methods and theoretical models could not provide satisfactory quality of the thermal property data for sedimentary rocks. This is a reason that the input thermal property data recommended in basin simulators have essential uncertainties and errors (up to 50–80%). Additionally, it was established from geothermal experiments in deep scientific drilling programs that previous estimates of heat flow from the measurements in shallow wells have given heat flow by 40–130% lower compared to terrestrial heat flow inferred from recent geothermal experiments in super-deep and deep scientific wells. Sensitivity study analysis for a basin model of a section of the West Siberia platform, when the basin modeling results obtained with the default data and vast experimental data on thermal properties and heat flow were compared, demonstrated very serious errors in the basin modeling results caused by default data application. The new experimental technique for high precision measurements of the rock thermal properties on cores and a new approach to heat flow determination accounting for its vertical variations are suggested to improve the basin modeling reliability essentially
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The Experience of Realization of Basin Modeling Technology in Thrusting Zones
Authors I.A. Zinchenko, O.I. Merkulov and E.V. PostnovaSummaryThe 2D basin modeling forecasting abilities of presence of oil and gas in thrusting zones are demonstrated. The models of paleotectonic evolution which illustrate the main development phases of studied area including the forming of Kyllah thrusting zone are developed. The formation models of paleo- and present thermal and barometric subsurface conditions in complex tectonic area and models of magmatic intrusion influence are developed. The large oil formation centers in Proterozoic deposits are highlighted. The mechanisms of forming of potential hydrocarbon accumulations within the Predsettedabansky sag area are substantiated. The main oil and gas prospects within the studied area are connected with the West side of Predsettedabansky sag.
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Chemical Kinetics as the Basis of the Hydrocarbon System Modeling
More LessSummaryThe abstract describes the different approaches to estimate the generation potential of oil and gas components of source rocks effectiveness, depending on the degree of maturation. It is substantiated the necessity of chemical kinetics studies of source rocks from core samples and outcrops for petroleum systems modeling. It is published the first results of work on creation of a library of chemical kinetics of source rocks distributed in Russia and the former Soviet Union countries.
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The Estimation of Hydrocarbon Potential of the Generative-Accumulative Hydrocarbon Systems in the Okhotsk Sea
Authors O.S. Sinyavskaya, V.Y. Kerimov, E.A. Sizikov, E.A. Lavrenova and A.U. MakarovaSummaryBased on the research of the department «Theoretical fundaments of searching and exploration of oil and gas», Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, a 3D regional geological model of sedimentary basins within the Okhotsk Sea was created. The model allows to reconstruct the tectonic history of the region, to identify the boundaries of sedimentary basins, to assess the extent and conditions of sedimentation, to make a prediction, using data from drilling onshore and offshore, to outline areas of sourse rocks, reservoirs, etc.
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The Effect of the Gas Environment of the Deposits of the Middle Caspian in the Development of Oil Rims
Authors S.A. Taldykin, N. Dorofeev, E. Ananyeva, A. Bochkarev and A. KaluginSummaryShows the different role of gas-condensate flow in the evolution of hydrocarbon deposits: a) destructive role in the processes of gradual reduction in the share of oil in the traps (oil rims), b) unrealized role in the reformation cut off migration routes fading stranded and unextractable oil accumulations in Jurassic sediments, c) creative role in the formation of large gas-condensate wells and in the fill.
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Reduction of Thermal Evolution Uncertainties in Modeling of Hydrocarbons Maturation
Authors A.V. Myasnikov, Y.Y. Podladchikov and Y.A. PopovSummaryIt has long been recognized that including sub-basin crust and mantle lithosphere in reconstructions of thermal history of hydrocarbons reservoirs is an important step towards better constrained models. A significant increase in the depth range (e.q. from ca. 10 to ca. 100 kilometers), requires rethinking of the both forward and inverse modeling strategies. The moderate rise in number of model parameters related to the flexural isostasy is compensated by the major increase in number of observables to be fitted: the present-day thickness of the sedimentary layers. Unlike temperature estimates, the sediments thickness is much better constrain through space and time. Moreover, the evolution of basin geometry through time is required for the thermal forward model. Therefore, using the obligatory forward model input data as additional data set for model calibration parameters greatly reduced the paleo-heat evolution uncertainties
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3D Modeling of the Development Petroleum System of the Predural Foredeep and Area Advanced Folds of the Urals
Authors S. Krylov, V. Vingalov, V. Dnistryanskiy and V. DrozdovSummaryDescribes the methodology and results of work on creation of models paleotectonic development of the territory, models of the formation of modern thermobaric regime, of catagenetic maturity of organic matter and implementation of the petroleum source potential of different oil and gas complexes in time Predural foredeep and area advanced folds of the Urals within the Orenburg region. Simulation results provided insight into the current level of maturity of petroleum source rocks, timing of generation and migration of hydrocarbons, the direction of hydrocarbon migration and mechanism of formation of hydrocarbon deposits.
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Regional 3D Petroleum System Modeling: Case Study From Northern Part of West Siberia Basin
Authors A.V. Kazanenkova and A.A. KurkinSummaryResearch area covers the territory of Gydan Peninsula, eastern part of Yamal Peninsula and adjacent parts of Kara Sea, located in the northern part of West Siberian basin.
Main structures of the study area reflect the basement relief. Deposits drape the highs and form gentle anticlinal structures above them. Upward the geological section (starting from Triassic), there was a gradual increase and expansion of the basin area. Distinct faults can be recognized on this territory. Faulting during different time periods (Jurassic, Cretaceous and Cenozoic) could significantly influence the oil-and-gas presence on this area.
Results of structural development and basin modeling indicate stratigraphic distribution of accumulations variation across the study area. Accumulations zones are predominantly related to uplifted zones with good sealing capacity. Traps are structural (anticlinal, fault-related structures) and stratigraphic (lithological pinch outs, deposits onlap onto basement). In the eastern part where HC of higher layers (upper cretaceous) could escape from the system by updip secondary migration north-eastward through erosional truncation surface, accumulations are mainly concentrated in lower parts of the geological section. While in central and western parts HC accumulations appear all over the section, especially if take into account the faults that might act as migration pathways.
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Pyrolytic and Chromatographic Characteristics of Paleozoic Source Rocks of East-Precaspian Basin
Authors T.A. Yensepbayev, A. Izart and G.Z. ZholtaevSummaryOn the basis of geochemical researches by the method of Rock-Eval pyrolisis and gasliquid chromatography determines the essential types of organic matter, sedimentation environments and degree of thermal maturity of organic substance of subsalt sediments of east part of Precaspian basin. Samples of west part content the organic matter with more high oil potential and are less mature. Samples of board and east part have less oil potential and are more mature.
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Geological Factors Affecting Organic Carbon Distribution in the Bazhenov Formation
Authors E.V. Ponomareva and M.A. PavlovaSummaryThe paper presents the comparison of data on analytical determinations and organic carbon values obtained by “core sample – GIS” relationship for the Bazhenov Formation, taking into account the contribution of uranium, thorium and potassium to natural radioactivity. A significant change in the organic matter contents in the area and in the section, which is associated mainly with the influence of regional factors - paleogeographic sedimentation conditions and depositional environments in the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous within the West Siberian Plain; bio-productivity of the marine basin during the Volgian time; remoteness of the source areas; and the rates of terrigenous material influx.
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Digital Rock Model of Bazhen Formation for Hydrodynamical and Geomechanical Study
Authors S.S. Chugunov and A.N. CheremisinSummaryProduction from unconventional petroleum resources grows in popularity last few years. Despite the wide spread of shale formations around the world and a lot of scientific efforts provided, discovery of the optimal oil recovery technology for unconventional shale reservoirs is still a task of the near future. Development of such technologies requires solid understanding of physical processes in shales at micro and nano-level. Great advances are expected in this area with the help of numerical simulations conducated on a digital rock domain. The presented material describes preparation of digital rock model intended for study of hydrodynamical and geomechanical processes in Bazhen formation of Western Sybiria. The data for the model were acquired with a microtomograph device at resolution of 0.5 microns/ voxel. Image processing techniques were applied and the results were matched to petrophysical and mieral component study conducted in the laboratory.
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Approach of Isolation and Determination of Reservoir Properties Lithotypes Bazhenov Formation at Sredne-Nazymski Field with Limited Well Logging Data
Authors A.M. Kirsanov, R.Y. Bedretdinov, V.D. Nemova and I.V. PanchenkoSummaryThis paper proposes an approach to the reservoir properties definition in Bazhenov Formation on the base of limited well logging data. It is shown that provided reliable identification of potentially productive lithotypes according to the production log and to obtain their detailed properties, according to core studies, the task of interpretation well logging data significantly concretized and can be reduced to conduct cluster analysis to localize productive lithotypes in the cut and determine their individual properties
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Building an Actual 3D Geological Model for Pilot Development of Hard-to-Recover Oil Reserves
Authors I.V. Ivanova, M.A. Grischenko and T.P. KurashSummaryAt the present time, to maintain the current level of oil production the oil companies face a task of bringing hard-to-recover oil reserves into production. This particular category of the reserves is represented by oil reserves of the Pokurskaya Suite of the Van-Yegan field.
The reservoirs PK1-2 of the Van-Yegan field exhibit complex geological structure, which is manifested in high compartmentalization of its section, presence of unconsolidated and semiconsolidated reservoirs, presence of massive gas-and-oil reservoir with bottom water drive with thin highly viscous oil rim.
The necessity of addressing strategic tasks on current issues in developing the high-uncertainty target of the PK1-2 reservoirs of the Van-Yegan field and planning further pilot development required the more accurate evaluation of quality and productive capacity of the reservoirs. The formulated objective served as a basis for building an actual geological model.
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The Mechanism of Formation of Congestions of Gas Hydrates Round Submarine Mud Volcanoes
By A.Sh. BabaevSummaryHydrates of carbon gases, 98 which one % of deposits, are concentrated in penetrating parts of water areas, cause a great interest as energy carriers of the near future of the Earth. The dischargings of fluids linked to the centres what mud volcanoes of Caspian sea are also are specially tempting for deposit development of gaseous hydrates. But yardsticks of formation and localisation of these deposits are insufficiently elaborated till now. In article on an example of these volcanoes the model of upbuilding of a hydrate of methane compounded by the author which one can help solution of these questions is resulted. It is found out that deposits of gaseous hydrates are formed only if temperature of gas arriving in water of bowels of the Earth above, than it is necessary for conservation of hydrates at stress of water existing on this depth and at presence in water of suspended matter from matters, which one specific gravity more than at it. Under such circumstances arriving gas cools down in water to temperature of formation of its hydrate, and a suspended matter part fastening down it on a bottom, serve as hydrate nuclei
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Distribution of Hydrocarbons in the Nepa Play of the Central and Southern Lena-Tunguska Petroleum Province
By S.A. MoiseevSummaryRevised data on hydrocarbon resources were provided for the central and southern Lena-Tunguska petroleum province based on the 2009 estimate. Undiscovered potential resources of hydrocarbons in each licensed and non-licensed prospect were updated based on the revised cumulative production, С1 and С2 reserves and С3 resources. Expert updates of hydrocarbon resources were provided for some prospects. The central and southern Lena-Tunguska petroleum province contains three distinct zones with high oil resource densities: the crest of the Mirniy salient, the Nepa arch, and the Baikit anteclise. The highest resource density was estimated for the crest of the Mirniy salient, eastern slope of the Nepa arch, and the central part of the Angara-Lena step. The ratio of gas resources to hydrocarbon in-place volume in the Nepa play indicates that the Nepa-Botuoba anteclise contains higher oil than gas, whereas this ratio for the Angara-Lena step and Sayan-Yenisey saddle suggests the predominance of gas over oil.
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New Directions for Petroleum Exploration on Siberian Platform
Authors V.Y. Kerimov, N.B. Kuznetsov, A.V. Bondarev and S.G. SerovSummaryConducted researches and modeling done on petroleum system at the area which Baikit anticlise and Kureiskaya syneclise meet each other were used to reconstruct the geologic events, create a predictive model of hydrocarbon potentials and to identify new promising directions of geological hydrocarbon exploration within the study area.
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History of Geological Development and Geodynamics of the Nepa-Botuoba Anteclise, Siberian Platform
By A.M. ZharkovSummaryThe geological map of the basement of the main petroleum-bearing structure of the Siberian platform - the Nepa-Botuoba anteclise - is drawn. The basement is represented by two terranes, northern and southern. Due to the differences in the composition of the basement the reservoir properties of the Vendian productive sandstones, lying at the basement of the sedimentary cover, is significantly better in the northern part of the anteclise than in the southern. The paleotectonic analysis has showed that the territory of the anteclise in the Vendian-Paleozoic was developing as a passive continental margin. The geodynamical reconstructions allowed us to state the inversion of the anticlise to the Neogene-Quaternary. It has resulted in the re-formation of previously established system of hydrocarbon traps. In the northern part of the anteclise the identified deposits are associated with anticlinal traps, while in the southern part - with the structural-lithological and lithological traps.
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Influence of Iintrusions on Formation and Evolution of Petroleum Systems in Baikit Anticlise and Kureiskaya Syneclise
Authors V.Y. Kerimov, A.V. Bondarev, A.V. Osipov and S.G. SerovSummaryBaikit anteclise and Kureiskaya syneclise are characterized by the influence of temperature anomaly made by Siberian intrusions (Siberian superplume) and also erosion processes. The processes of intrusion and erosion have a huge impact on thermal history of the basin, its densification process, formation of overpressure, and, of course, on generation, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons. All these processes must be considered when creating models of petroleum systems.
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Studying Hydrocarbons Biomarkers from Riphean, Vendian and Lower Cambrian Rocks of Katanga Saddle
Authors V.Y. Kerimov, G.N. Gordadze, N.B. Kuznetsov, M.V. Giruts, S.G. Serov and A.V. GaydukSummaryAt the crest of the Nepa Botuobiya and Baikit anteclises we have a quite high concentrations of hydrocarbons. Vendian terrigenous and basal level carbonate rocks of Vendian-Cenozoic deposits in this area, sometimes lie directly on crystalline basement complexes which means that immediately below the reservoir rock, there is no source rock and migration of hydrocarbon did not happened in vertical direction. It can be assumed that the source rock of hydrocarbon accumulated in the clusters are located at the crest of Nepa Botuobiya and Baikit anteclises, that are spatially and structurally separating Katanga saddles. In order to test this hypothesis, we studied dispersed organic matter (DOM) in Riphean, Vendian and Cambrian rocks sampled by the well-Kulindinsky 1 (KLN-1) which was drilled in Katanga saddle by LLC “RN-Exploration” in 2012. Based on the result of “Rock-Eval” pyrolysis, collection of core samples were selected to study the patterns of distribution for HC-diamond-like structures (adamantanes and diamantanov) and HC-biomarkers (n-alkanes, isoprenanes, steranes and terpanes) into the pit of rocks to establish the presence or absence of genetic connection with an already open Precambrian oil from Kuyumbinsk, Paiginsk etc.
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Geological Structure of the Turukhan Zone of Dislocations Based on Interpretation of Seismic Data Acquired at the Survey
Authors E. Keller, G. Ukhlova, S. Kotova, T. Kudrina and E. MosyaginSummaryThe geological structure of the junction area between the Turukhan zone of dislocations and the Kureika syneclise was studied relying on interpretation of seismic data acquired at the survey line along the Lower Tunguska River, with drilling and geological survey data taken into account. A seismic model of the Turukhan region was derived from the seismic profile interpretation. In the western part of the line there are four large blocks divided by faults, which resemble thrust sheets with WE-trending overthrusts. In the eastern part of the line there is a marginal part of the Kureika syneclise with overthrusting formations of the Turukhan zone of dislocations.
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Seismic Sequence Analysis of the Riphean Depositional Complex (Irkineev Cape Area)
Authors I. Litavrin, E. Keller, G. Uhlova, T. Kudrina and V. BespechnyjSummaryThe eastern part of the Angarskaya fold zone (Irkineev Mys area) was covered by the 2D CMP seismic survey in the 2013 and 2014. The main goals of these works were to acquire modern seismic data and to enhance our knowledge about the Vendian-Cambrian and Riphean deposits structural plan, and to predict the crystalline basement location. In spite of very complex near surface conditions for seismic surveys, quality of data allowed us to mark out seismic sequences in the Riphean complex, depending on lithological rock differences, metamorphism and desintegration level, and as a result, to outline promising reservoir zones in the Riphean complex.
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Highly Prospective Objects in the Carbonate Build-Ups in Osa Horizon on Nepa-Botuoba Anteclise
Authors A.S. Buzilov, I.V. Chekanov, Y.V. Pavlovsky, L.N. Shakirzyanov and A.M. ZaycevSummaryThe research was based on a core of four exploratory wells, logging and seismic data. Nine parasequences limited by maximum flooding surfaces (mfs) were allocated inside Yuryakh and Osa horizons. The rocks of the top of high stand tract have the most favorable reservoir properties in the section. The conclusion that porous-vuggy reservoirs are common in the section was made using the petrophysical data. Thus, carbonate build-ups large enough with high primary porosity and intensive development of the secondary leaching processes can be met in the Osa horizon beyond the zone of the barrier reef. The height of biogenic structures and amplitude of sea level fluctuations may significantly affect the distribution of reservoir properties within the Osa horizon. If the development of fracturing is subordinate to porosity-permeability control, facies zonation has a significant impact reservoir rock properties distribution.
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Prediction of Reservoir Characteristics Based on Seismic Data (Mirny Ledge, Siberian Platform)
Authors D. Popov and S. MyachevSummaryCarried out seismic 2D survey (100 linear km) on the field, located in Mirny ledge, Siberian platform (Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Cambrian and Vendian depositions was studied, it was detailed structural plan, positions of bounding faults, new prospective areas and HC-storage facilities are revealed, allocated the potential reservoirs and evaluated their properties, the comparative quantification of forecast resources of oil and gas was given.
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The Choice of the Methods Inversion Transformations at the Study of Complex Reservoirs in Eastern Siberia
SummaryFor solving the problems to predict parameters and build a geological model has been developed a technique that uses new approaches of inversion of HC systems in eastern Siberia, which located in Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic zones, with active tectonic and dynamic development, with collectors porous and porous fractured types. The developed method includes the steps of analyzing the log and petro physical characteristics of the reservoir; selection of statistical tests to separate the properties of non-reservoir-type collector, the collector of classes - porous and fractured-porous; constructing petro physical reservoir models; sensitivity analysis of elastic parameters to saturation; selection of informative attributes; constructing forecast models. As a result, technology, which was carried out in depth cubes, the cubes were designed by type of distribution manifolds, constructed forecast maps highlighted areas with the spread of intrusive bodies with the vertical section. A particularly important result is obtaining a model of the spatial distribution of collectors in the predominant type of void space
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Estimating Exploration Program Efficiency and Sufficiency: a Case Study of Chonskiy Oil Fields
Authors A. Sizykh, A.M. Vashevnik, A.S. Goncharov and B.V. BelozerovSummaryEast Siberia Chonskiy oil fields group belongs to Nepskiy arch and has many geological uncertainties and risks. The goal of an exploration program is to reduce these uncertainties to maximize the value of the project. To find an optimal exploration program we need to decide which uncertainty should be reduced first and when to stop exploration. We introduce a methodology to calculate an expected monetary value for an exploration program. These calculations allow us to decide whether the program is sufficient and efficient as well as to optimize it. Calculation results for Chonskiy oil fields group are presented
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Pre-Conditions for Oil-Bearing Capability of the Pre-Jurassic Formation Complex in the Southern Region of Central Uvat Based on Seismic Data
Authors O.V. Elisheva and A.A. MikhailovSummaryTo discover the pre-conditions for oil-bearing capability of the Pre-Jurassic formation complex in the southern region of Central Uvat, the seismic correlation of Pre-Jurassic formations and the analysis of lateral distribution of the dynamic attribute RMS Reflector A+50 were performed. Based on the results of the works, suggested fracturing zones were detected, which are associated with the areas of prospective oil deposits in the Pre-Jurassic formation complex on the territory under study
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Geological Structure and Productivity Prospects of the Middle-Jurassic Sediments of the Beshkent Depression
Authors V.V. Serov, A.M. Karpov and D.B. BatmanovSummaryThe positive evaluation of the petroleum potential of terrigenous deposits of Middle Jurassic age demonstrates the need for further studies of the stratigraphic level of the section. (complicating factors of the structure of clastic sediments Baysun suites are the presence of breakthrough trends in shallow-marine parts of the section. In many cases, the development of such formations without facial conditions is associated with the following problems: identification of areas of sharp lithological transitions and claying, premature watering, recoverability of reserves below the forecast, etc.
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Search for Promising Targets in Triassic Sediments North of Western Siberia
More LessSummaryOn the basis of a joint analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the wave field (absolute amplitude, the average energy normalized amplitude envelope of the second derivative), and the results of the drilling of deep wells SG-7, highlighted promising gas-saturated object of deep clastic sediments of the Upper Triassic. Similar objects that formed in the areas of terrigenous sedimentation associated with the rift troughs are prime targets find gas deposits at great depths within the northern part of the West Siberian Plain.
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Improvement of Methods Decreasing Salt – Measures Talakan Field’s Wells
Authors V.A. Gerasimova and M. IvanovaSummaryObjective: to improve the fight against scaling of wells Talakan’s
Parts of the work:
- Analysis of the activities of anti-scaling;
- Choosing the most effective inhibitor of scale;
- Calculating optimum flow scale inhibitor in wells;
- Calculation of the duration of effectiveness of the inhibitor.
The NGDU “Talakanneft” in the range 750–1050 m lie salt deposits represented mainly by calcium chloride and sodium chloride. Salt deposits under the influence of rock pressure, characterized as impenetrable, allowing them to fulfill the role of tires oil deposits. Beneath them lies a producing formation Osa horizon. To combat the deposits of inorganic salts in the production wells in NGDU “Talakanneft” used inhibitor HEDP (oksietilidendifosfonovaya acid).
Talakanskoye field dominated by chloride ions, so in order to protect the well the new PAF inhibitor-1 (polyethylenepolyamine - N - methylphosphonic acid) has been selected and designed, which in terms of “duration of effectiveness” and “consumption” outperformes widely used inhibitor HEDP. Calculating by Kaschavtseva method inhibitor protection PAF-1 (polyethylenepolyamine - N - methylphosphonic acid) showed that inhibitor consumption is reduced by 31%, 47%, 32% and the duration of an inhibitor’s effectiveness is increased by 34%, 41%, 36% for the corresponding wells
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Assessment of Caprock Fluid-Resistive Characteristics of Pre-Urals Fore Deep Southern Part
Authors A.V. Osipov, A.S. Monakova, M.V. Zakharchenko and R.N. MustaevSummaryOne of the main reasons for failure during the exploration for oil and gas is poor properties of caprocks. The analysis of models of generation and accumulation of hydrocarbon-systems (GAHC), including all necessary elements (source rock, reservoirs, impermeable layers, overburden rocks) and processes (generation, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons and the formation of traps) for the formation of hydrocarbon deposits in the sedimentary basin allows to minimize the risks associated with the unreliability of caprocks and thus with the security of deposits of hydrocarbons (HC).
In order to the reliability assessment of caprocks and degree of deposits preservation within the Orenburg part of the Pre-Urals fore deep and by using the PetroMod software (Schlumberger) the geological model of the area of research was formed and studies of the distribution of capillary pressure in time was conducted for four generation-accumulative hydrocarbon systems, corresponding to the four oil and gas complexes (OGC): Lower Devonian, Frasnian, Frasnian--Tournaisian, Visean-Bashkir and Lower Permian
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Differentiation of the Productive Series of the Orenburg Field on the Results of Drilling Deep Wells, Seismic Acquisition and Development
Authors M.P. Trifonova, M.A. Politikina and S. V. BagmanovaSummaryThe digital geological model of the unique Orenburg oil and gas condensate field has been clarified and detailed in the summary of completed research papers on the differentiation of productive array carbonate deposits on the results of drilling of deep wells, seismic surveys and development. Was analyzed and summarized all the geological and geophysical information for almost 50 year period. In the studies performed a detailed differentiation of the productive series ONGKM was done the separation based on lithophysical properties, assessment of heterogeneity on capacitive and filtration parameters, the estimation of sulfation and bituminisation the ONGKM in area and section, the analysis of fracture propagation and connections of seismic attributes with different geological settings
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Geological, Technical and Technological Conditions of Oil and Gas Development in the Arctic Shelf of Russia
Authors R.N. Mustaev, G.Y. Shilov, U.S. Serikova, V.I. Ermolkin and A.S. Gadzhi-KasumovSummaryEstimation of petroleum potential of the Russian Federation shows that the bulk of reserves growth, increase and stabilize the production of hydrocarbons is planned to be at the expense of attracting resources of the Arctic zone of Russia.Organization of exploration and production work on the Arctic shelf is generally dependent on climatic factors such as water depth, the presence of ice and duration of the inter-ice period. The development of offshore hydrocarbon fields is undoubtedly a difficult technical problem, the solution of which is necessary to use a systematic approach.
The development of hydrocarbon resources of the continental shelf has several fundamental differences that lead to different approaches to preparing project technical documentation.
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Interesting Geological Features of Sedimentary Cover in Western Siberia Using a License Area of NK Rosneft in Irkutsk Region as an Example
Authors A.V. Gaiduk, A.V. Mityukov and A.V. FilichevSummaryOver 40 years of geological exploration within Nepa-Botuoba Arch, which is a part of the Siberian platform, still left many uncertainties related to geological history of outstanding structures. Those uncertainties include a history of tectonics, paleogeographic conditions of HC accumulation, distribution of facies and poroperm parameters of ancient Vendian-Cambrian terrigenous-halogen-carbonate deposits comprising a sedimentary cover of Nepa-Botuoba Arch.
For the last 8 years NK Rosneft has been actively involved into geological exploration activities within Nepa-Botuoba Arch ( Figure 1 ), which led to some discoveries of significant hydrocarbons reserves in the Vendian and Lower Cambrian carbonates equaled to 0.5 BTOE only within Nepa-Botuoba Arch. It should be noted that geological and geophysical data interpretation helped a lot to clarify a geological structure of sedimentary cover, and identify various geological objects by both a nature of their origin and morphology. Given the age of sedimentation (predominantly the Vendian-Cambrian) and tectonic events (PR, Є1at, D3fm-C1v) geological features within sedimentary cover and basement of the Siberian platform present a particular scientific and practical interest.
This report is focused on identification of local and regional geological features characterizing the Nepa-Botuoba Arch structure
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