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16th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment
- Conference date: November 15-18, 2022
- Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
- Published: 15 November 2022
21 - 40 of 226 results
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Dynamics of Ionic Composition of Potable Groundwater of the Shostka Deposit (Based on Long-Term Operation Data)
Authors T. Koshliakova and O. KoshliakovSummaryThe publication is devoted to the study of dynamics of ionic composition of potable groundwater of the Shostka deposit (according to the monitoring observations of one operational and two reserve wells). The authors analyzed fluctuations over time in the concentrations of cations and anions during a long period of operation (1991–2017). The actual material was analyzed and calculated using mathematical statistics, in particular, the construction of diagrams was performed, as well as graphical processing of groundwater chemical analysis data was performed using the specialized software tool Grapher. As a result of calculations and constructions, it was established that no significant changes in the ionic composition of groundwater occurred during the observation period. The largest range of fluctuations in cationic and anionic composition was recorded in well №7. The authors explain this phenomenon by three groups of factors: local (hypsometric position of the well), regional (location of piezometric levels and direction of groundwater flow), and global (climatic changes associated with warming). Recommendations have been developed regarding the frequency of monitoring the physico-chemical and sanitary-bacteriological state of water in well №7.
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Ore region Ambatofinandrahana (Madagascar)
By V. MykhailovSummaryStudies of rare-earth mineralization were carried out on the territory of the sheets “Itremo” and “Ambatofi-nandrahana” in the central part of the island Madagascar, the ore region Ambatofinandrahana with industrially valuable rare earth mineralization is distinguished. The main ore objects of the area are the occurrences of Ankozohambo, Marovoalavo, Ifasina (Vohiniariana) and Sahafa. Ore bodies with bastnaesite, monazite, zir-con, orthite are associated with steeply dipping zones of mineralization, silicification in calciphyres, marbles, and syenites and at the contact of the latter with granites and gabbro; as well as with cloaklike laterite bodies overlying bedrock ore bodies. The contents of bastnaesite in the bedrock ore bodies of the Ankozohambo oc-currence range from 1.63 to 8.41% (average 3.0–3.91%), the contents of TR2O3 range from 4.15 to 12.21% (average 5.65–5.81%), and in laterites at different sites the content of bastnaesite ranges from 0.4 up to 8.24% (average 1.0–2.0%), TR2O3 – from 1.0 to 28.78% (average 1.14–3.49%). The probable resources of the ore region probably exceed 12.5 million tons of ore, 270 thousand tons of bastnaesite, and 460 thousand tons of TR2O3.
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Modeling of the Oil Reservoir’s Exhaustion
Authors M. Lubkov and K. MosiychukSummaryIn order to study the dynamics of exhausting in heterogeneous oil reservoirs on the base of combined finite-element-difference method for the non-stationary problem of piezoconductivity we have carried out a numerical simulation of the pressure drop distribution in vicinity of the operating well. At that we have taken into account the heterogeneous distribution of filtration characteristics inside the reservoir and the oil infiltration parameters on the boundaries of the reservoir. The developed method for solving the non-stationary problem of piezoconductivity in deformed oil formations allows us adequately to describe the distribution of pressure near production and injection well systems in real operating conditions. We have shown that depletion processes in vicinity of active well mainly depend on the intensity of oil production and the degree of oil penetration at the boundaries of the reservoir’s area and to a lesser extent on the filtration parameters inside the reservoir. Therefore, in order to maintain the proper level of oil production in the reservoir’s area, it is necessary, for example, thanks to the using of modern technologies (system of injection wells), to ensure a sufficient inflow of the oil phase at the borders of the considered reservoir’s area. We have shown that in the cases of low oil infiltration at the boundaries of the reservoir area, the value of depletion is directly proportional to the production power of the well. At the same time, a decreasing of the reservoir permeability leads to a slow downing of depletion processes. The limiting value of the oil boundary infiltration coefficient, which allows achieving industrial oil production, is α = 10−7 m. At that, the time of reaching of the stationary productive regime is directly proportional to the value of the oil permeability coefficient inside the reservoir.
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Use of Water Bodies for the Defense of Kyiv in the Course of the Russian-Ukrainian War
Authors S. Shevchuk and V. VyshnevskyiSummaryThe characteristics of water bodies near Kyiv and hydraulic structures which were used to defend the city during the Russian-Ukrainian war are given. The Irpin River, which flows on the western outskirts of Kyiv was a significant obstacle for the Russian troops in the first days of the war. The forced destruction of several bridges and other hydraulic structures on this river and other water bodies significantly complicated the advance of the Russian troops. Due to the destruction of the hydraulic structure at the mouth of the Irpin River and the inflow of water from the Kyivske Reservoir to its floodplain, the width of the water space here reached 1 km. Later, when the Kyiv region was liberated, the water level in the Kyivske Reservoir was lowered and this helped to reduce the flooding. It was shown that remote sensing can be the important source of data for the study the role of water bodies in the war.
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Mathematical Model of Environmental Risks Assessment Taking into Account the Effect of Accumulation of Damage in Modern Conditions
Authors V. Yelisieiev and E. BykovaSummaryFormulation of the problem. An indispensable condition for the successful functioning of the system of protection of the population and the territories of the state is the construction of an effective strategy for managing the risks of emergency situations and its implementation in order to increase the readiness and effectiveness of the functioning of the unified state system of civil protection.
The issue of state security in general, security in emergency situations (ES) in particular, and the management of this security has recently been considered as a strategic task of the state. The Code of Civil Protection of Ukraine defines that civil protection is the function of the state to protect the population and territories from emergency situations by preventing such situations, eliminating their consequences in peacetime and in special periods, and is carried out according to the principle of maximally possible, economically justified risk reduction occurrence of emergencies. A problematic issue is the scientific substantiation of the mechanism for assessing the risks of emergency occurrence. In modern conditions of hostilities, there is a need to take into account the effect of accumulation of losses.
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Landscape and Limnology Monitoring of Reservoirs in Cheremskyi Nature Reserve
Authors V. Martyniuk, V. Korbutiak, I. Hopchak, A. Pryshchepa, I. Zubkovych and A. ShuliakovskaSummaryThe need to control the processes of transformations of natural complexes of the Cheremskyi Nature Reserve (Ukraine), as well as the violation of the geo-ecological condition of the protected areas under the influence of global climate changes, make landscape and limnology monitoring necessary. The model object of the research is Lake Cheremske, which is located in the central part of the protected marsh massif, which belongs to Ramsar Convention sites. The bathymetric map of the lake was developed based on the instrumental field research using GIS and remote sensing methods and the main hydrological parameters of its catchment area were calculated; the hydro-chemical condition of water masses was analyzed according to the criteria of maximum permissible concentrations for fishery purposes and the quality (categories, classes) of surface waters; the composition and thickness of lake sediments were analyzed; a landscape map of the natural aquatic complex of the lake was developed at the level of aquatic sub-tracts and aquafacies. The cartographic models and a set of geo-data, which were developed and obtained within the research, are the basis for further monitoring of changes in the geo-ecological parameters of the basin system of the lake and in the entire territory of the reserve.
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Mine Water and Its Impact on the Siverskyi Donets River Basin
Authors O. Ukhan, N. Osadcha and V. OsadchyiSummaryThe paper is focused on the issues of the mine water influence on the surface water in the Siverskyi Donets River basin. Mine water is characterized by aggressive properties due to low pH values (associated with pyrite leaching processes) and high mineralization. They have a high content of sulfate and silicate ions, aluminum, suspends. It’s shown that the inflow of mine water to water bodies doesn’t cause a change in their salt composition.
A special regulation had been developed to protect the water ecosystem from pollution. Mine waters are previously accumulated in local relief depressions (beams). The processes of sorption, hydrolysis, oxidation and others contributed to the partial transfer of pollutants from the dissolved phase to bottom sediments.
Political and economic changes led to the shutdown of many mines, and the cheapest “wet” method was chosen for their conservation. Flooding of mines will contribute to raising the groundwater level and pollutants entering the river channel. The military actions in the East of Ukraine led to the impossibility of conducting detailed studies on raising the level of groundwater in mines and forecasting the further consequences of these processes.
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Analysis of Reservoir Delineation Problems in Complicated Conditions
Authors I. Vytvytskyi, O. Martsynkiv, I. Kovbasiuk, M. Seniushkovych, Y. Stavychnyi and Y. ZhdanovSummaryThe variety of existing problems associated with the delineation of productive layers is very large. Of particular concern is the fact that many of the operating wells constantly experience pressure in the annulus. This indicates the existence of a connection between the pressure source and the annulus. Improving the quality of primary cementing of new wells, as well as the elimination of fluid leaks in existing wells, is the logical right decision in the direction of improving the methods of delineating productive zones and protecting the environment.
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Formation of the Chemical Composition of Water in the Upper Reaches of the Transboundary Tisza River (Ukrainian Carpathians)
Authors V. K. Khilchevskyi, V. V. Leta, O. V. Pylypovych and M. R. ZabokrytskaSummaryThe transboundary river Tisza, whose headwaters are located in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine, is the largest left tributary of the Danube and plays an important ecological role in its basin. Apart from Ukraine, the Tisza River basin is located in Romania, Hungary, Slovakia and Serbia.
The significance of studying the formation of the chemical composition and quality of water in the upper reaches of the Tisza River is that it gives an idea of the chemical composition and quality of water in the river, which then flows through the territory of neighboring countries. The chemical composition of the water in the upper reaches of the Tisza River is formed under the influence of high humidity (average annual precipitation is about 1200 mm) and the spread of salt-poor flysch rocks.
The surface waters of the upper reaches of the Tisza River, studied at four monitoring points (Black Tisza - Yasinia, White Tisza - Lugy, Tisza - Rakhiv, Tisza - Tiachiv) are hydrocarbonate calcium, moderately fresh with an average mineralization of 192–248. mg∙dm-3. The clearest connection between hydrological and hydrochemical regimes is manifested for the main ions and mineralization of water.
In case of physicochemical parameters, biogenic substances, trace elements, we can only talk about trends. The results of the study are of great practical importance, in particular for development of a new Tisza River Basin Management Plan; consideration of environmental programs to improve water quality in the Tisza River basin.
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Multidimensional Geoinformation Modeling of Public Transport in Bila Tserkva
Authors D. Liashenko, B. Tykhonenko, O. Palienko, P. Trofymenko and T. MalikSummaryThe paper is devoted to modern methods of public transport modelling with Geographic Information System (GIS). The developed algorithm was tested in the Bila Tserkva city transport system analysis using free volunteer spatial data (Open Street map). Our goal was to model the location of city population and public transport stops in Bila Tserkva city in Ukraine. The spatial analysis allows to visualize city population density and public transport stops for potential passengers all over the city. We estimate city population access to the public transport and crate transport stops availability zones with buffer analysis. The knowledge obtained in this study is applying techniques to create the multidimensional geoinformation city transport model in order to find out the future public transport optimized pattern in the city. The algorithm proposed can help city officials to minimize traffic congestion and environmental pollution.
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A New Land-Cover Classification Approach in UAV-based Remote Sensing for Solution Ecological Tasks
More LessSummaryNowadays application of UAVs gives a possibility to achieve data with a very high accuracy for solution of different ecological and agricultural problems. The classification of incomplete and high conflicting sources is one of the most important and difficult procedures in Remote Sensing. It has been proposed the new classification approach to applying Dezert-Smarandache Theory in UAV-based remote sensing problems. The classical Dezert-Smarandache fusion rule has been considered in this work. It has been noted, that this theory processes the contradictory information an deals with exhaustive and not mutually exclusive hypotheses. The numerical example has been considered in this work too. The proposed approach to applying the Dezert-Smarandache Theory in land-cover classification can be applied in numerous agricultural tasks, pest control in forestry, prevention of natural disasters, such as forest fires.
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Monitoring the Nexus Between Forest Loss, Land Cover Dynamics, and Climatic Changes by GEE GIS Facilities for the Landscape Planning Implementation
More LessSummaryAt the current time, in Ukraine, the semi-natural problem of climatic changes and forest loss affects land cover. Land degradation increases significantly and results in forest loss which leads to a reduction in biodiversity and land productivity. This study was therefore designed to explore the forest loss and climatic change dynamics to estimate mean annual deforestation rates and identify forest-loss hotspot areas within the northern part of the Sumy region in Ukraine, and finally, evaluate the impact of climatic changes on forest loss. The dynamics of land cover change were used as an input for measuring forest loss by employing the combination of geospatial technologies. For this, the dataset of Terra Climate (1970–2020), global dataset MOD11A1.006, Global Forest Change (2000–2021), Landsat, and Sentinel images were used. Monthly Climate, Climatic Water Balance for Terrestrial Surfaces, NDVI, NDWI, treecover, and forestloss were generated and visualized by using the inspiring instrument Google Earth Engine. Results showed that the annual forest loss increased at the national, regional, and local levels at 2 944.67, 79.97, and 13.32 respectively each the next five years. The built maps were used for identifying crop management and conservation factor as a source of data for the landscape planning implementation.
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The Trubizh River Revitalization after the Drainage and Combined Irrigation System Operation
Authors S. Shevchuk and T. MatiashSummaryIn recent decades, small and even medium-sized rivers are completely or partially disappearing as a result of a large anthropogenic load, artificial reshaping of riverbeds, drainage reclamation, excessive water intake for economic purposes, construction of reservoirs, industrial facilities, highways, deforestation, etc.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of climate change includes assessment of changes in water flows in the river basin, flow forecasting using observation data, and analysis of remote sensing data since the state of medium and small rivers determines the state of the entire river network of the country.
The main goal of the study is to determine the impact of climate change on the change in water levels and the mode of operation of the pumping stations of the Trubіzh River basin, which have changed under the influence of anthropogenic load. The main tasks to be solved include is to focus strategic efforts on the intensification and planning of the gradual restoration and revitalization of the excessively regulated Trubizh River.
Problematic issues that arise during the revitalization of small and medium-sized rivers are considered, partial revitalization of the catchment area and the channel of the Trubizh River is proposed, and an appropriate action plan is proposed.
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Analysis of Homogeneity and Stationarity of Freeze-Up Observation Series in the Prypiat River Basin within Ukraine
Authors L. O. Gorbachova and O. O. AfteniukSummaryThe investigation of the formation conditions, tendencies of freeze-up on the rivers is of very practical importance, because it has an impact on hydropower, shipping, fisheries, etc. Such studies are relevant for the Prypiat River basin (within Ukraine), because the last investigation of freeze-up was carried out more than 10 years ago. In this paper results of the complex analysis of freeze-up observation series tendencies investigations based on using the statistical and graphical methods in the Prypiat River basin are represented. So, for the research the Mann-Kendall non-parametric statistical test, mass curve, residual mass curve and combined graphs. Such an approach allows us to obtain more reliable results of research. In the Prypiat River basin the freeze-up observation series of 29 gauges were used with the period of records from the beginning of the observations to 2020 inclusive. In the Prypiat River basin the majority freeze-up observation series are quasi-homogeneous and quasi-stationary, as it has only an increase and a decrease phases of long-term cyclical fluctuations, which are also unfinished. Since the 90th years of the past century the appearance of the freeze-up occurs at later dates, the break-up of freeze-up occurs at earlier dates which causes shortening of its duration.
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Approbation of the Method for Ensuring Operational Reliability and Evaluating the Residual Life of Drill String Elements
Authors Ja. S. Grydzhuk, A. P. Dzhus, A. R. Yurych, L. R. Yurych, A. I. Riznychuk and O. P. PylypakaSummaryConducted industrial tests of a prototype of a device for measuring forces in a drill string confirmed its operability and the possibility of using it as a tool for obtaining data to assess the effectiveness of drilling operations and equipment operating conditions. The obtained amplitude-frequency characteristics of the oscillations make it possible to isolate individual components from the signal, to conduct a qualitative assessment of the operation and state of the bit structure with the possibility of further analysis of its effect on the oscillatory processes in the system.
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Factors of Controlling Polymetallic Mineralization on the Example of the Dalnegorsky (Far East) and Uspensky (Central Kazakhstan) Ore Districts
Authors V. Mykhailov and A. YessendossovaSummaryAs a result of the comparative characteristics of the Dalnegorsky (Far East) and Uspensky (Central Kazakh-stan) ore districts, the factors and criteria, the patterns of distribution, formation and localization of polymetal-lic deposits have been clarified. It has been established that the main factors of polymetallic mineralization are structural, lithological-stratigraphic, igneous and metasomatic ones manifested at different levels of the ore substance organization at different times, in different geological and structural conditions. The studies carried out allow recommending the findings regarding the factors of polymetallic mineralization as scientific and methodological foundations for forecasting and prospecting for lead-zinc deposits in other regions of the world, including Ukraine. The new data obtained on the Atasu type of deposits in Kazakhstan make it possible to resolve successfully a lot of issues of such polymetallic deposits genesis, to show their relationship and pat-terns of formation in connection with submarine volcanic activity.
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Monitoring the Impact of Military Actions on the Environment Using GIS and Remote Earth Sensing Methods
Authors V. Semeniaka, V. Zatserkovnyi and L. IlyinSummaryThanks to the methods of remote sensing of the Earth and geoinformation technologies, the possibilities of monitoring the impact of military actions on the environment were investigated.
This topic is currently the most relevant because it allows for the shortest possible time to assess and predict various emergency situations that may be caused by military actions, namely: fires, water pollution, air pollution, and others.
These data and the methodology itself can further help in monitoring this situation, as well as in the implementation of appropriate measures to prevent the deterioration of the ecological environment.
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Research of Criteria for Assessing the Quality of Supervised Classification of Aerospace Images Based on a Nonlinear Scheme of Compromises
Authors I. Puleko, V. Chumakevych, V. Ptashnyk, R. Osadchuk and I. IschenkoSummaryProcessing of aerospace images, the results of which are used in various branches of the national economy, is an urgent task today. Very often, when processing images of remote sensing of the Earth, it is necessary to carry out a supervised classification of areas of the earth’s surface according to certain characteristics (for example forest, grass, field, swamp, water, concrete, etc.). The problem of high-quality classification of areas of the earth’s surface on high-resolution images is quite complex and does not have an unambiguous solution. Therefore, as a rule, several methods are used to solve it.
Choosing the best method for multi-class classification of aerial imagery is a challenging task. Traditionally, the best solution was to use a set of metrics. However, for non-experts and beginners, the correct application of a set of metrics is also very difficult, as the results are often contradictory. Therefore, the scalar metrics for assessing the quality of the supervised classification of aerospace images based on a nonlinear scheme of compromises were investigated in the paper.
The first NSC0 criterion is formed by nonlinear convolution of the elements of the confusion matrix.
The second criterion NSC1 is also formed from the confusion matrix, but favours the correct solutions by introducing weights.
For the third criterion, it is proposed to use the known quality indicators as partial criteria of classification quality: accuracy, recall, precision and F1.
The conducted studies showed that to assess the quality of the classification of aerospace images, it is advisable to use the developed quality indicator NSC2, which is a scalar nonlinear convolution of known quality indicators, such as accuracy, recall, precision, and F1. This indicator allows you to give preference to one or another classification method when the values of typical indicators almost coincide or have contradictions.
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Migration of Average Annual Rotation Poles of Antarctic Plate during 1995-2021 by GNSS Data
By I. SavchynSummaryIn the study, the calculation and analysis of the average annual rotation poles of the Antarctic plate during 1995-2021 was performed to study the dynamics of their change over time. It was established that the decrease in angular velocity is synchronous with the reduction in latitude and vice versa. By changing these parameters, the angular momentum of the Antarctic plate is obviously adjusted. It has been confirmed that rotation poles of the Antarctic plate are dynamic parameters, however, for a precise determination of the factors that cause such dynamics, it is necessary to conduct additional research. The presented algorithm and the obtained values of the recent rotation poles of the Antarctic plate can be used to develop new and refine existing models of plate movements and coordinate systems, as well as to forecast the movements of the Earth’s crust on a global scale. A promising direction for further research is to determine the recent rotation poles of other plates and establish the relationship between them.
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Monitoring and Modelling of Environmental Pollution in the Southern Regions of Ukraine
Authors Ie. Khlobystov, L. Horoshkova, V. Varianichko, K. Skrynchenko, S. Horoshkov and L. TsurikaSummaryTo model the situation with the emissions of air pollutants taking into account the identified trends of the emissions of air pollutants and the main impact factors, the approximation, smoothing dynamics and trend line of Microsoft Excel were applied to determine regression equations and check significance and accuracy of the built models. Statistical modelling of air pollution safety limits was applied as well. To determine the factors affecting emissions of air pollutants, the index of cross-correlation was used. It has been proven that the regional ecological condition impacted by the emissions of air pollutants depends on the priority types of economic activity.
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