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16th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment
- Conference date: November 15-18, 2022
- Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
- Published: 15 November 2022
41 - 60 of 226 results
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Monitoring in Ensuring Natural Capital Risk Management: System of Indicators of Socio-Ecological and Economic Security
Authors A. Yakymchuk, L. Kuzmych, P. Skrypchuk, A. Kister, N. Khumarova and Y. YakymchukSummaryThe economic-mathematical model of the influence of budget funding of air protection and climate change mitigation and the volume of emissions of pollutants and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere has been developed. Decision-making methodology in the sphere of financing and preservation of natural capital has been ordered.
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Problems of Municipal Water Intake in Nemyriv, Ukraine
Authors B. D. Stetsenko, V. M. Shestopalov and Yu. F. RudenkoSummaryThe results of the studies of the exploitable resources of groundwater in fractured Precambrian crystalline rocks in area of Nemyriv, performed for the period 1975–2021 by various organizations. Of the five hypothetically promising areas, discovered in 1975 by the regional geophysical surveys, for subsequent detailed hydrogeological exploration and constructing the municipal water intake was selected the fragment of the Ustya floodplain near the ancient Scythian settlement. However, when this water intake began to operate it was found that when increasing groundwater production from Precambrian fractured crystalline rocks, its quality dangerously deteriorates.. Studies in recent years have shown that the deterioration of water quality in producing wells of municipal water intake is due to poor natural protection against pollution of productive aquifer near the ancient Scythian settlement, and its incorrect location of this water intake relative to Nemyriv and the fish ponds in the floodplain of the Ustya River. The author of the report believes that in order to remedy the current situation, it is necessary to consider in more detail other previously identified hypothetically promised areas around Nemyriv and move the municipal water intake to another place more protected from pollutions.
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Studying the Tectonics of Transcarpathians based on Precise Relocation of Small Earthquakes
By A. GnypSummaryThe differential and source terms locations of two series of recurrent earthquakes in the east and west of the Transcarpathians have been calculated. Most of the effort has been focused on improving the reliability of differential arrivals in records with very low signal-to-noise ratio. To reduce the effect of correlated noise, adaptive filtering of records was proposed. The maximum correlation criterion for estimation of the differential arrivals was modified to include a minimum departure from the calculated arrivals. Time drift at some stations, as well as problematic arrivals, were discovered based on analysis of intervals between P-wave arrivals of the same earthquakes at different stations. The tectonic interpretation of the differential locations and focal mechanisms give reason to assume that both series were most likely related to the faults of the pre-Neogene basement parallel to the Carpathian arc.
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Analysis of the Correlation between Lineaments and Earthquake Epicenters in the Marche Region (Italy) Using Remote Sensing Tools
Authors H. Ostapenko, V. Zatserkovnyi and M. de DonatisSummaryEarthquake prediction and monitoring of seismic activity remains one of the most difficult problems in the geosciences. Progress in the study of dangerous geological processes is closely related to the use of remote sensing materials (RSMs), which make it possible to identify and analyze relationships, rank different geological structures, etc. In this regard, today the development of new approaches to the study of earthquakes and their forecasting using GIT based on RS< and software for their processing is widely used. One of the promising areas of research is the study of decipherable networks of lineaments on satellite images.
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Monitoring of Urban Heat Islands Using Remote Sensing Technologies
Authors S. Sakhniuk, D. Tovstonoh, O. Monastyrova and V. ZatserkovnyiSummaryGiven the potential danger posed by urban heat islands, it is important to calculate, develop and implement a number of precautions. From the study, it also becomes clear that continuous monitoring of UHI in cities is necessary, since even in short periods of time significant changes can occur. In addition, the influence of one of the factors — green spaces, on UHI, on the example of the city of Kyiv, was analyzed in detail, namely, the dependence of surface temperatures on the plant index and the leaf area index was revealed, and changes in temperatures and the number of tree plantations were also found. The conclusion was an understanding of the significance of the influence of this factor on the temperature of the city and confirmation of the need to resolve this issue.
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The use of GIS and Remote Sensing Data in Determining the Condition of Green Areas in Kyiv
Authors N. Korohoda, O. Halahan and O. KovtoniukSummaryIn a normal condition, the ecosystem performs all its functions, and therefore provides its maximum benefits to the population - ecosystem services (ES). Approached to the natural, green areas have the greatest potential to provide ES and can continue to effectively provide ES for a longer period of time. The purpose of this work is to determine the condition of city green areas as a potential opportunity for their provision of ES. To determine whether the condition of green areas is consistent with their natural norm, we used the following datasets: map of restored landscapes of Kyiv and global land cover map for 2020 at 10 m resolution based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data. According to such data we determined the part of the green areas, in which there is a coincidence between the natural vegetation of the territory and the current vegetation of the land cover map. This indicates how much the vegetation of the green areas of Kyiv corresponds to the natural vegetation of the territory. As a result, maps showing the condition of city green areas were created. The results of such assessment will prioritize the actual condition of green areas in the planning of nature management.
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Monitoring and Modeling of Infrastructure Indicators Development of United Territorial Communities
Authors L. Horoshkova, Ie. Khlobystov, S. Shvydka, O. Menshov, D. Tarasenko and A. SumetsSummaryA study of the dynamics of state support for infrastructure development of UTC, development expenditures (capital expenditures) and the effectiveness of the current mechanism for calculating the infrastructure subvention on the example of Zaporizhya region and identified the relationship between infrastructure subvention and development expenditures (capital expenditures). It is established that the current mechanism for determining the size of the infrastructure subvention, when it is determined depending on the size of the rural population and the area of UTC is ineffective. It is proved that it is necessary to assess the parameters of sustainable development of OTG not only by traditional components, which are economic, environmental and social, but also by the infrastructural component. For this purpose, an integrated indicator of sustainable infrastructural development of each individual UTC, district or region is proposed, which would allow comparing OTG indicators not only within a district or region, but also between regions of Ukraine. Its definition is carried out using the apparatus of fuzzy set theory.
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Risk Management and Lost Profits Calculations of Business Entities
Authors L. Horoshkova, D. Antoniuk, O. Vasyl’yeva, S. Markova and L. FilipishynaSummaryThe methodology of lost profits assessment for a business entity as a result of military actions (aggression) has been developed. The methodology includes calculation of business entity`s main operational indicators (groups of indicators) based on the analysis of its financial, accounting and tax reporting. It also takes into account the peculiarities and types of business activity when calculating the lost profits.
When calculating the lost profits, it is advisable to take into account the specifics of doing business in various sectors of national economy. Qualified personnel loss and additional training costs play an important role in manufacturing; service sector could make no gain without damage or property loss; agricultural sector is the most vulnerable sector in terms of lost profits caused by the war, as well as the most complicated field to calculate the lost profits due to the large number of impact factors to be taken into consideration.
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Ecoregional Biodiversity Monitoring
Authors L. Bilous, V. Samoilenko, P. Shyshchenko and O. HavrylenkoSummaryIt is necessary to understand the place of the territory of Ukraine in the system of the world ecoregional order, the peculiarities of the territorial organization of habitats in the section of Ukraine ecoregions, the role and importance of cross-border cooperation for the creation of the Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS). Ecoregions are areas of general similarity in ecosystems and in the type, quality, and quantity of environmental resources. They serve as a spatial framework for the research, assessment, management, and monitoring of ecosystems and ecosystem components. Habitat diversity, defined by the EUNIS classification system, is the basis for the division of ecoregions. 12 ecoregions were defined as existing on the territory of Ukraine (6 - terrestrial, 6 - freshwater, 1 - marine). For each ecoregion, an important issue is international cooperation on problems of biodiversity monitoring and protection. As part of such cooperation, it is necessary for each of the countries to carry out identification and inventory of habitats in terms of ecoregions. There are a number of methods of such an inventory. Field mapping, typically based on the mapping of habitat types. Remote sensing, a more recent, technologically sophisticated way to collect information on habitats is based on computer-aided interpretation and visualization of satellite imagery. The synthesis of information about the location of habitats can be carried out in the process of spatial analysis. The digital elevation model (DEM) is a source of information for the synthesis of a hierarchical territorial system of ecoregion habitats. We propose the method of standard deviation for classification of DEM in ArcGIS and modeling of the habitat “draw”. Priority regions for the organization of the BMS in Ukraine are the European-Mediterranean Montane Forests (the mountainous territories of the Crimean and Carpathian regions) and the Danube River Delta. The specified regions are part of the list of Global 200. The technique for territorial identification of habitats proposed by us will be particularly effective for the Danube River Delta region, which is part of the Dniester - Lower Danube ecoregion.
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Geoinformation Mapping of the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine Based on National Geospatial Data Infrastructure
Authors M. Kyryliuk and E. BondarenkoSummaryAn approach to the creation/use of a thematic set of computer information characterizing the objects of the country’s natural reserve fund as a component of its national geospatial data infrastructure (NGDI) are presented. It is defined as a modern geoinformation resource and, at the same time, a cartographic service of wide application, implemented by means of geographic information systems (GIS) with web-mapping functions based on geoportal technology (for the possibilities of use).
The most important factors that gave a real impetus to the creation of geospatial data infrastructures with the possibility of conducting geoinformation mapping based on them are highlighted: a constant increase in the amount of data that describes various components of reality (including those related to environmental protection activities); rapid development of the Internet; further improvement of the functionality of the software, which belongs to the class of GIS.
The requirements for data sets, which reflect the features of nature conservation areas in the structure of the NGDI, are indicated. Their specificity is indicated, which unambiguously identifies the relevant objects and territories of the NRF in the country through the elements of the geometric (spatial) component.
A well-established algorithm for mapping NRF based on NGDI has been developed.
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Monitoring of the Ecological State of the Desenka River Within the Desnyansko-Starogutskyi National Nature Park
Authors O. Biedunkova, M. Klymenko, A. Pryshchepa and I. StatnykSummaryThe results of long-term monitoring of the water ecosystem of the Desenka River within the Desnyansko-Starogutskyi National Nature Park are presented. During 2015–2019, the hydrochemical indicators of the quality of surface waters of the river met the standards. The exception was iron content, which is a regional geochemical feature. The main attention was paid to indicators of fish homeostasis. Six types of fish were studied, which are the most massive in catches: common roach, common bleak, common rudd, silver crucian carp, common bream, european perch. The morphological homeostasis of representatives of these fish species was assessed by the levels of fluctuating asymmetry of bilateral meristic features. The results confirmed that the quality of its environment is assessed as “conditionally normal”. Cytogenetic homeostasis of fish was assessed by nuclear disorders of peripheral blood erythrocytes. As a result of the micronucleus test, we noticed that the levels of nuclear disorders in the fish were at the level of spontaneous mutagenesis. In the complex, all the results allowed us to maintain the health of the aquatic ecosystem. Since military operations are taking place today in the territory where we conducted the research, the results of the presented monitoring can be useful in assessing the consequences of military operations for hydroecosystems.
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Use of Geological-Geophysical Tectonic Information for Modernization of Integrated Environmental Monitoring Systems of Technogenic Loaded Regions of Ukraine
Authors P. Pihulevskyi, O. Tiapkin and L. AnisimovaSummaryAt present the development of an integrated system of environmental monitoring of technogenically loaded territories is being actively continued in Ukraine. Main tasks of modern monitoring are principally related to investigations of near-surface conditions and processes. But complete investigations of main components of the environment is impossible without geological-geophysical information about fault-block features of Earth’s crust. With the catalog of geological-geophysical indicators of Earth’s crust faults systems and the unified scale of “weights” of various groups of these indicators, the weights of all indicators of different fault systems and individual fault directions of these systems, their averaged sums can be determined for fault-block “fragmentation” of upper part of Earth’s crust any part of Ukrainian shield. On the example of southern part of Orikhiv-Pavlograd juncture zone of Ukrainian Shield near Zaporizhzhya nuclear power plant, it is shown that the obtained results of such “fragmentation” explain the spatial difference between radioactive anomalies Th232 and Ra226 and determine the elements of methodology and the tasks of geological-geophysical research in further integrated environmental monitoring.
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Monitoring of Environmental Risks of Facilities of the Oil and Gas Complex of The Carpathian Region of Ukraine
Authors Ya. Bazhaluk, O. Mandryk, B. Karpinskyi, Yu. Voloshyn and H. HrytsuliakSummaryThe paper proposes the use of a complex of equipment with the use of laser hydrocarbon detectors for the operational determination of environmental risks of objects of the oil and gas complex of the Carpathian region of Ukraine. Such objects include old wells with broken tightness, which were drilled in the Carpathian region of Ukraine, Poland and Romania in the 19th and 20th centuries. and their coordinates were lost. In order to obtain reliable information about their location and the level of pollution in the territory of the region, it is proposed to use a measuring complex based on a quadcopter, equipped with hydrocarbon measurement detectors for the operational determination of the most polluted zones as part of a methane laser detector, Lidar equipment and a GPS navigator.
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Numerical Modeling of Ground Water Flow and Heat Transfer in the Flooded Mine as the Site for Geothermal System Installation
Authors D. Rudakov and O. InkinSummaryThis study presents the 3D numerical model of ground water flow and heat transfer in a former coal mine being flooded and considered as the promising site for geothermal system installation. The developed model created in the Modflow software reproduces spatial heterogeneity of mined out rocks and flow characteristics on the site of mine nr. 2 “Novohrodivs’ka” in the Donetsk coal basin. The model was balanced with the available data on mine water level rebound. The temperature of mine water drained to maintain a safe water level to prevent flooding and salinization of the upper aquifer is expected to range from 18 to 21ºC, which is consistent with the indicators of the geothermal system at the Blagodatna mine in Western Donbas. It was shown by modeling, that active water withdrawal may lead to replacing warm mine waters with colder infiltration water and gradual slight lowering of its temperature and decreasing the maximum thermal capacity.
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Geospatial Analysis for Recreational Resources Assessment of the Khortytsia National Reserve
Authors D. Liashenko, P. Trofymenko, L. Plichko, O. Slavinska and S. KozodavovSummaryThe paper is devoted to methods of recreation resources modelling and assessment with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The geospatial analysis is used for Khortytsia National Reserve territory zoning. GIS environment allows combination of volunteer spatial data (Open Street map, wikiloc.com), remote sensing data, represent it visually and prepare for decisions making. The paper explains the map creation process for the location of recreation resources (beaches, shrubs, forest, grasslands, rocks, river landscapes, historical and cultural points of interest in the Khortytsia National Reserve). The geospatial analysis allows distinguishing four functional zones: natural or semi-natural landscapes, tourist infrastructure, historical heritage, leisure. The information obtained in this study is one step towards landscape planning and territory use optimization. The algorithm proposed can help Khortytsia National Reserve staff manage the reserve territory.
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Effect of Environment Ph on the Release Rate of Components of Encapsulated Mineral Fertilizers
Authors V. Sabadash, J. Gumnitsky and O. KonovalovSummaryThe paper presents the studies of the masstransfer in the soil medium. The physical model of releasing the component into the liquid medium was described, and the mathematical model of the second stage of extraction of nutrients from the encapsulated particle was developed. We studied that an increased pH of the medium increases the rate of release of the component. This explains by the change in the structure of the polymer coating. This fact can be used to adjust the release time of the component. This study is significant because many soils differ in properties, such as acidity and moisture. We established that an alkaline liquid environment increases the release of the component from the nitrocellulose capsules. An analytical solution to the mathematical model of the process of extracting a component from encapsulated particles through a polymer shell into a liquid medium was found. The kinetic coefficients of the mathematical model were calculated based on the release rate value at different film thicknesses and pH. The obtained values can be used in determining the thickness of the polymer coating, given the specific physical and chemical properties of the environment and the required rate of substance accumulation in the environment.
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Enviromagnetic Study of the Reference Ukrainian Loess-Palaeosol Sequence at Stari Kaydaky
Authors N. Gerasimenko, D. Hlavatskyi, V. Bakhmutov, W.A.P. Wimbledon, I. Poliachenko and O. BonchkovskyiSummaryThe loess-palaeosol sequence at Stari Kaydaky is located in the southernmost margin of the penultimate glaciation in the Dnipro Lowland. The ca. 28-m thick exposure comprises loess intercalated with eight major pedocomplexes. Here we present new magnetostratigraphic, pedostratigraphic and palynological results which demonstrate the importance of the site for long-term palaeoclimatic record. Palaeomagnetic data, obtained through thermal and alternating field demagnetisation, demonstrates the presence of normal polarity within the entire profile studied indicating a Brunhes chron age of this interval. The new magnetic susceptibility record and palaeopedology below 17.5 m depth indicate the deposition of the well-developed Upper Shyrokyne (SK-S7), Martonosha (SK-S6), Lubny (SK-S5) and Lower Zavadivka (SK-S4) soil units (more than 3 m thick each). The section provides a rare opportunity to investigate short- and long-term climatic changes over the early Middle Pleistocene in the region. Therefore, the Stari Kaydaky section can be considered as one of the reference climatic archives in Europe.
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The Network of State Surface Water Monitoring Points in the Upper Reaches of the Tisza River: Conditions, Changes, Innovations
Authors V. V. Leta, P. V. Kucher, M. M. Karabiniuk, M. R. Salyuk and M. M. KachailoSummaryAn important component of environmental policy in Ukraine in the context of European integration is an establishment of a state water monitoring system taking into account international standards. The system of state water monitoring in Ukraine, after the approval in 2018 of the “Procedure for implementation of state water monitoring”, underwent significant changes regarding the methodology, the procedure for conducting observations, their frequency (monthly water sampling), the distribution of powers for monitoring subjects and groups of indicators.
The studies that were carried out in the headwaters of the transboundary river Tisza shows that the number of water monitoring points in the basin of the river Tisza within the Rakhiv district of Transcarpathian region decreased by 2 times after 2018. At the same time, the program of state water monitoring has become more complex, because observations must be carried out according to biological, physicochemical, chemical, and hydromorphological indicators. Modernization of state water monitoring, taking into account the international experience of observations on transboundary rivers brings the water sector of Ukraine closer to international standards, which is an important aspect of integration into the European space.
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Application of the Natl Index for Long-Term Forecasting of Freeze-Up Appearance Date at the Kyiv Reservoir
Authors B. F. Khrystiuk and L. O. GorbachovaSummaryAt the Kyiv Reservoir, the long-term forecasts of freeze-up appearance dates are very important for hydropower, shipping, fisheries, utilities, etc. In Ukraine, the methodological approaches that are now used for long-term forecasting of the ice regime on the water bodies were developed in the 40s–70s of the 20th century. They need a radical reworking based on new scientific and methodological principles and modern technological approaches. In this paper results of the development of the methodology for long-term forecasting of freeze-up appearance date at the Kyiv Reservoir with the use of Northern Hemisphere Teleconnection Patterns, the monthly atmospheric and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) indices are represented. Dependencies of the freeze-up appearance dates at the Strakholissia water gauge from the minimum air temperature at the Chornobyl meteorological station in the first half of November as well as from the NATL index in September were determined. The obtained prognostic dependencies make it possible to predict the freeze-up appearance date at the Kyiv Reservoir with satisfactory accuracy, which makes their practical application possible. Note that one can expect that on the forecasting accuracy of freeze-up appearance date by the minimum air temperature will be affected by the forecasting accuracy of air temperature itself. It will increase the forecast error.
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Influence of Natural Hazards on the Infrastructure Facilities of Pokut Carpathians
Authors Z. V. Hostiuk, O. O. Burianyk and M. M. KarabiniukSummaryThis article presents the results of own field research, which determined the impact of natural hazards on the infrastructure facilities of Pokut Carpathians. Based on the decoding of space images, three types of land were determined: forests, meadows and built-up areas, which occupy about a fifth of 19.3%. A more detailed deciphering of the territory was carried out in the key part of Bukovets-Ritskyi landscape, where a few more types of land were distinguished: forests, meadows, cuttings, plough lands, buildings, dirt roads and asphalt roads. The studied landscape is representative for Pokut Carpathians, buildings are placed evenly throughout the territory, and not concentrated in river valleys, as in other regions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. In addition to a peculiar settlement in this landscape, frequent dangerous physical and geographical processes of a geological and hydrological nature, which are characteristic of Pokut Carpathians, are recorded in this landscape – these are landslides, mudslides, erosion and floods. Eight landslides were recorded on the Bukovets-Ritsky ridge and two on the slopes of Ternoshora Mount. Lateral and bottom erosion and floods develop intensively in the bottoms of rivers, which provoke the occurrence of erosion, and linear erosion is often manifested in steep banks. All these processes, taking into account the settlement of the territory, lead to the destruction and neutralization of infrastructure facilities. Commercial buildings, roads, bridges, power lines and agricultural lands are most often destroyed. Analyzing the influence of natural hazards on the infrastructure facilities of Pokut Carpathians, it was found that the studied territory is characterized by a moderate category of influence of dangerous physical and geographical processes on the infrastructure of the region. The key area has been assigned a strong category of damage from the effects of natural hazards.
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