1887
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Geophysical Prospecting
  4. Volume 69, Issue 2
  5. Article
Volume 69, Issue 2
  • E-ISSN: 1365-2478

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Low‐frequency forced‐oscillation methods applied to a reservoir sandstone allowed determination of the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio (from axial loading), bulk modulus (by oscillation of the confining pressure) and shear modulus (from torsional‐forced oscillations) for comparison with conventional ultrasonic data. All tests were performed on a common sandstone core sample from an oil reservoir offshore West Africa. The results show a steady increase in ultrasonic velocities and shear modulus of the dry specimen as functions of pressure, which suggests a progressive closure of the inter‐granular contacts. An increase of bulk and Young's moduli and Poisson's ratio is observed on decane saturation of the sample when tested with a sufficiently small dead volume. This observation, consistent with Gassmann's theory, suggests that such measurements probe undrained (saturated isobaric) conditions. Diminution or absence of such fluid‐related stiffening for low‐frequency measurements with dead volumes comparable with the pore volume of the specimen indicates partially drained conditions and highlights the critical role of experimental boundary conditions. Directly measured bulk and shear moduli are consistent with those derived from Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. These results of the inter‐laboratory testing using different measurement devices are consistent in terms of the effect of frequency and fluid saturation for the reservoir sandstone specimen. Such broad consistency illustrates the validity of forced‐oscillation techniques and constitutes an important benchmarking of laboratory testing of the elastic properties of a porous medium.

© 2021 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers © 2020 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.13048
2021-01-16
2024-04-27

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.13048
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Adam, L., Batzle, M. and Brevik, I. (2006) Gassmann's fluid substitution and shear modulus variability in carbonates at laboratory seismic and ultrasonic frequencies. Geophyscis, 71(6), F173–F183. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2358494
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Adam, L., Batzle, M., Lewallen, K.T. and Van Wijk, K. (2009) Seismic wave attenuation in carbonates. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, B06208. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005890
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Adelinet, M., Fortin, J., Guéguen, Y., Schubnel, A. and Geoffroy, L. (2010) Frequency and fluid effects on elastic properties of basalt: experimental investigations. Geophysical Research Letters, 37(2), https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL041660
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Asaka, M., Luo, M., Yamatani, T., Kato, A., Yoshimatsu, K. and Knapp, L. (2018) 4D seismic feasibility study: the importance of anisotropy and hysteresis. Leading Edge, 37(9), 688–698. https://doi.org/10.1190/tle37090688.1
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Batzle, M., Han, D. and Hofmann, R. (2006) Fluid mobility and frequency‐dependent seismic velocity — direct measurements. Geophysics, 71(1), N1–N9. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2159053
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Birch, F. (1960) The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobars: 1. Journal of Geophysical Research, 65(4), 1083–1102. https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ065i004p01083
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Bishop, A.W. (1976) The influence of system compressibility on the observed pore‐pressure response to an undrained in stress in saturated rock. Geotechnique, 26(2), 371–375. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1976.26.2.371
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Borgomano, J.V.M., Gallagher, A., Sun, C. and Fortin, J. (2020) An apparatus to measure elastic dispersion and attenuation using hydrostatic‐ and axial‐stress oscillations under undrained conditions. Review of Scientific Instruments, 91(3), 034502. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5136329
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Borgomano, J.V.M., Pimienta, L., Fortin, J. and Guéguen, Y. (2017) Dispersion and attenuation measurements of the elastic moduli of a dual‐porosity limestone. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 122(4), 2690–2711. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013816
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Brown, R.J.S. and Korringa, J. (1975) on the dependence of the elastic properties of a porous rock on the compressibility of the pore fluid. Geophysics, 40(4), 608–616. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440551
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Capello De P., M.A. and Batzle, M. (1997) Rock physics in seismic monitoring. Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK), 16(9), 1255. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1437774
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Cheng, C.H. and Toksöz, M.N. (1979) Pore aspect ratio spectrum of a rock. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84(B13), 7533–7543.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Clark, V.A., Tittmann, B.R. and Spencer, T.W. (1980) Effect of volatiles on attenuation (Q −1) and velocity in sedimentary rocks. Journal of Geophysical Research, 85(B10), 5190. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB085iB10p05190
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Cleary, M.P. (1978) Elastic and dynamic response regimes of fluid‐impregnated solids with diverse microstructures. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 14(10), 795–819. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(78)90072-0
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Cline, C.J. and Jackson, I. (2016) Relaxation of the bulk modulus in partially molten dunite?Geophysical Research Letters, 43(22), 11644–11651. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071004
     [Google Scholar]
  16. David, E.C., Fortin, J., Schubnel, A., Guéguen, Y. and Zimmerman, R.W. (2013) Laboratory measurements of low‐ and high‐frequency elastic moduli in Fontainebleau sandstone. Geophysics, 78(5), D369–D379. https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2013-0070.1
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Detournay, E. and Cheng, A.H.D. (1993) Fundamentals of poroelasticity. Comprehensive Rock Engineering, 2 (II), 113–171. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139051132.003
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Fortin, J., Schubnel, A. and Guéguen, Y. (2005) Elastic wave velocities and permeability evolution during compaction of Bleurswiller sandstone. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 42(7–8), 873–889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2005.05.002
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Gassmann, F. (1951) Über die Elastizität poröser Medien. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich, 96, 1–23.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Ghabezloo, S. and Sulem, J. (2010) Effect of the volume of the drainage system on the measurement of undrained thermo‐poro‐elastic parameters. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 47(1), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2009.03.001
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Gregory, A.R. and Podio, A.L. (1970) Dual‐mode ultrasonic apparatus for measuring compressional and shear wave velocities of rock samples. IEEE Transactions on Sonics and Ultrasonics, 17(2), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSU.1970.7404096
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Gurevich, B., Makarynska, D., Paula, O.B.D. and Pervukhina, M. (2010) A simple model for squirt‐flow dispersion and attenuation in fluid‐saturated granular rocks. Geophysics, 75(6), N109–N120.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Han, D.H., Nur, A. and Morgan, D. (1987) The effects of porosity and clay content on wave velocities in sandstones. Geophysics, 51(11), 2093–21007. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1893163
     [Google Scholar]
  24. HoltR. M., NesO‐M. and FjaerE. (2005) In‐situ stress dependence of wave velocities in reservoir and overburden rocks. The Leading Edge, 24(12), 1268–1274. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2149650.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Jack, I. (1997) Time‐lapse seismic in reservoir management. In Time‐Lapse Seismic in Reservoir Management (SEG Distin). Society of Exploration Geophysicists. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802748
  26. Jackson, I. and Paterson, M.S. (1993) A high‐pressure, high‐temperature apparatus for studies of seismic wave dispersion and attenuation. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 141(2), 445–466. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00998339
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Jackson, I., Schijns, H., Schmitt, D.R., Mu, J. and Delmenico, A. (2011) A versatile facility for laboratory studies of viscoelastic and poroelastic behaviour of rocks. Review of Scientific Instruments, 82(6), 064501. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3592154
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Jones, T.D. (1986) Pore fluids and frequency‐dependent wave propagation in rocks. Geophysics, 51(10), 1939–1953. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442050
     [Google Scholar]
  29. King, M.S. (2009) Recent developments in seismic rock physics. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 4(8), 1341–1348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2009.04.008
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Li, Y., David, E.C., Nakagawa, S., Kneafsey, T.J., Schmitt, D.R. and Jackson, I. (2018) A broadband laboratory study of the seismic properties of cracked and fluid‐saturated synthetic glass media. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 3501–3538. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JB014671
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Li, Y., Olin, M., David, E.C., Jackson, I., Schijns, H. and Schmitt, D.R. (2014) Broadband laboratory measurements of dispersion in thermally cracked and fluid-saturated quartzite and a synthetic analogue. The Leading Edge, 33(6), 624–632. https://doi.org/10.1190/tle33060624.1
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Lu, C. and Jackson, I. (1996) Seismic‐frequency laboratory measurements of shear mode viscoelasticity in crustal rocks I: competition between cracking and plastic flow in thermally cycled carrara marble. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 94(1–2), 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(95)03079-4
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Lu, C. and Jackson, I. (2006) Low‐frequency seismic properties of thermally cracked and argon‐saturated granite. Geophysics, 71(6), F147–F159. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2345053
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Lumley, D.E. and Behrens, R.A. (1998) Practical issues of 4D seismic reservoir monitoring: what an engineer needs to know. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, 1(6), 528–538. https://doi.org/10.2118/53004-pa
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Lumley, D.E., Behrens, R.A. and Wang, Z. (1997) Assessing the technical risk of a 4D seismic project. 1997 SEG Annual Meeting, 894–897. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1437784
  36. MacBeth, C. (2004) A classification for the pressure‐sensitivity properties of a sandstone rock frame. Geophysics, 69(2), 497–510. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1707070
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Makarynska, D., Gurevich, B. and Ciz, R. (2007) Finite element modelling of Gassmann fluid substitution of heterogeneous rocks. 69th Annual International Conference and Exhibition, EAGE, Extended Abstracts, 2152. https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201401645
  38. Mavko, G.M. (1979) Frictional attenuation : an inherent amplitude dependence. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 4769–4775.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Mavko, G. and Jizba, D. (1991). Estimating grain‐scale fluid effects on velocity dispersion in rocks. Geophysics, 56(12), 1940–1949. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1443005
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Mavko, G. and Mukerji, T. (2013) Estimating Brown–Korringa constants for fluid substitution in multimineralic rocks. Geophysics, 78(3), L27–L35. https://doi.org/10.1190/GEO2012-0056.1
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Mavko, G., Mukerji, T. and Dvorkin, J. (2009) The Rock Physics Handbook: Tools for Seismic Analysis of Porous Media, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511626753
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Mavko, G. and Nur, A. (1975) Melt squirt in the asthenosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 80(11), 1444–1448. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB080i011p01444
     [Google Scholar]
  43. McSkimin, H.J., Andreatch, P. and Thurston, R.N. (1965) Elastic moduli of quartz versus hydrostatic pressure at 25° and –195.8°C. Journal of Applied Physics, 36(5), 1624–1632. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1703099
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Mikhaltsevitch, V., Lebedev, M. and Gurevich, B. (2014) A laboratory study of low‐frequency wave dispersion and attenuation in water‐saturated sandstones. Leading Edge, 33(6), 616–622. https://doi.org/10.1190/tle33060616.1
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Mikhaltsevitch, V., Lebedev, M., Pervukhina, M. and Gurevich, B. (2019) A laboratory study of the effect of boundary conditions on the elastic moduli measurements. 81st EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2019, (June 2019). https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900801
  46. Müller, T.M., Gurevich, B. and Lebedev, M. (2010) Seismic wave attenuation and dispersion resulting from wave‐induced flow in porous rocks—a review. Geophysics, 75(5), 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3463417
     [Google Scholar]
  47. O'Connell, R.J. and Budiansky, B. (1977) Viscoelastic properties of fluid‐saturated cracked solids. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82(36), 5719–5735. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB082i036p05719
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Ògúnsàmì, A., Borgomano, J.V.M., Fortin, J. and Jackson, I. (2020) Poroelastic relaxation in thermally cracked and fluid‐saturated glass. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 125(2), e2019JB018890. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018890
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Pimienta, L., Borgomano, J.V.M., Fortin, J. and Guéguen, Y. (2016) Modelling the drained/undrained transition: effect of the measuring method and the boundary conditions. Geophysical Prospecting, 64(4), 1098–1111. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12390
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Pimienta, L., Borgomano, J.V.M., Fortin, J. and Guéguen, Y. (2017) Elastic dispersion and attenuation in fully saturated sandstones: role of mineral content, porosity, and pressures. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 122(12), 9950–9965. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014645
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Pimienta, L., Fortin, J. and Guéguen, Y. (2014) Investigation of elastic weakening in limestone and sandstone samples from moisture adsorption. Geophysical Journal International, 199(1), 335–347. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu257
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Pimienta, L., Fortin, J. and Guéguen, Y. (2015) Bulk modulus dispersion and attenuation in sandstones. Geophysics, 80(2), D111–D127. https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2014-0335.1
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Rice, J.R. and Cleary, M.P. (1976) Some basic stress diffusion solutions for fluid‐saturated elastic porous media with compressible constituents. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 14(2), 227–241.
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Sayers, C.M. (2005) Sensitivity of elastic‐wave velocities to stress changes in sandstones. Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK), 24(12), 1262–1266. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2149646
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Siggins, A.F. and Dewhurst, D.N. (2003) Saturation, pore pressure and effective stress from sandstone acoustic properties. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(2), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016143
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Spencer, J.W. (1981) Stress relaxations at low frequencies in fluid‐saturated rocks: attenuation and modulus dispersion. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86(10), 1803–1812. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB03p01803
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Subramaniyan, S., Quintal, B., Tisato, N., Saenger, E.H. and Madonna, C. (2014) An overview of laboratory apparatuses to measure seismic attenuation in reservoir rocks. Geophysical Prospecting, 62(6), 1211–1223. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12171
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Vernik, L. (1998) Acoustic velocity and porosity systematics in siliciclastics. Log Analyst, 39(4), 27–35.
     [Google Scholar]
  59. VigilG., XuZ., SteinbergS. and IsraelachviliJ. (1994) Interactions of Silica Surfaces. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 165(2), 367–385. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1994.1242.
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Walsh, J.B. (1965) The effect of cracks on the uniaxial elastic compression of rocks. Journal of Geophysical Research, 70(2), 381–389. https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ070i002p00381
     [Google Scholar]
  61. Walsh, J.B. (1966) Seismic wave attenuation in rock due to friction. Journal of Geophysical Research, 71(10), 2591–2599. https://doi.org/10.1029/jz071i010p02591
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Wang, Z. (1997) Feasibility of time‐lapse seismic reservoir monitoring: the physical basis. The Leading Edge, 16(9), 12090–11360.
     [Google Scholar]
  63. Yurikov, A., Lebedev, M., Gor, G.Y. and Gurevich, B. (2018) Sorption‐induced deformation and elastic weakening of Bentheim sandstone. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 123(10), 8589–8601. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016003
     [Google Scholar]
  64. Zimmerman, R.W. (1991) Compressibility of Sandstones. Amsterdam/New York: Elsevier.
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.13048
Loading
Elastic properties of a reservoir sandstone: a broadband inter‐laboratory benchmarking exercise
Geophysical Prospecting 69, 404 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.13048
/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.13048
/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.13048
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Acoustics; Attenuation; Rock Physics; Time lapse; Velocity Analysis

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error