Practical Methods of Deghosting and its Application History over The Past 10 Years

We have shown an overview of the practical deghosted processes and it requiring resources over the last 10 years. The key to a successful seismic deghosting process is to find an appropriate deghosting operator for both source and receiver ghosts. Depending on the different survey configurations, streamer types, and geologic settings, a solution can be derived in different domains. It can be both FK, Tau-P, Xt-domains, or time domain. These domains are suitable for any streamer configuration and the search for the deghosting operator performed in floating windows. Since ghost operator depends on dips, then in Xt-domain a result has conflicting dips. This problem can be solved by estimation parameters in local windows with constant dips sections. In the Tau-P domain, data from different receivers are mixed, and for a streamer with variable depth, it complicates. Therefore, a special algorithm working in local Dip-Xt domains helps for a streamer with significant variations in depth. To obtain a stable solution for the entire seismic section, the estimation of ghost delay and reflection coefficient should be performed in a sliding window. The most robust method is a T-X/F-X Bootstrap performed in sliding windows that can be applied in any domain.