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Asia Petroleum Geoscience Conference and Exhibition (APGCE)
- Conference date: November 28-29, 2022
- Location: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Published: 28 November 2022
61 - 80 of 132 results
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Unlocking Post MMU Play Potential through Integration of Seismic Attribute and Geology in West Luconia, Sarawak.
Authors H. A Kahar, N. Muhammad Nizar, M.N. Zubir, O. Swee Keong, G. Malo-Paul, T. Wei Yong, S. Seng Hui and M.I. MahmoodSummaryThe newly acquired 3D Broadband survey with a total area of 6920 km2 (full fold square kilometres) was able to image Miocene to Pleistocene Clastic and Miocene Carbonate plays in West Luconia. To unlock the remaining potential for the huge area size, 3D regional seismic interpretation and mapping was first conducted for the zone of play interest on the full offset APSTM stack and QAPSDM stack volumes. The new data availability throughout the area enables spectral decomposition analysis and multi attributes generation e.g RMS amplitude, maximum/minimum amplitude and semblance. This paper aim to highlight the uplifting of new seismic data that enhance new concept and model for the reservoir deposition within the area of interest.
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Resolution Geo-sample Core Scanning: New insights for PETRONAS Digitalization Program
Authors M. Nor Kartini Suriati, A. Azimah, R. Juliza, S. Hussien Nordin and H. M. IzzuddinSummaryThis paper outlines an integrated methodology for geo-sample core digitalization utilizing advanced scanning technology from UK that has currently been used to digitalize all PETRONAS geo-sample core data in PETRONAS Geo-sample Centre (PGSC).
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Improved Reservoir Monitoring with PP and PS Time-lapse Imaging Utilizing up down Deconvolution
Authors F. Twynam, R. Ford, P. Caprioli, M. Hooke, S. Chen, P.E. Dhelie, V. Danielsen and K.R. StraithSummaryAdditional insight into the interaction between pressure and fluid saturation changes within the reservoir can be extracted through discrimination of time lapse (4D) signal from PP and PS data. Previous processing of the 4D PP dataset over the Edvard Grieg field from 2016 to 2022 yielded interpretive saturation related 4D changes due to production and injection. The PS radial data followed, centred on a co-processed up/down deconvolution (referred to here as radial/down deconvolution for PS) workflow in alignment with the PP route. The result was a unique 4D PS response to that of PP due to changes being pressure related. The UDD workflow involved spectral division of the radial with the downgoing wavefield in the 3D tau,p,q domain. The output was shaped to a user-defined wavelet and 3D deghosted. Although the condensed and optimised deconvolution process requires minimal processing, the result is sensitive to instrument calibration, source variability, and spatial sampling. Performing joint PP-PS tomography provided an uplift in depth-domain event alignment, which helped to correlate structural boundaries with the extracted 4D attributes. The 4D PS result correlates well with the predicted model and the low frequency response was observed to be significantly improved over the legacy processing route.
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Advanced Imaging Workflow Reveals New Details in 3-D Seismic Exploration Data for Near Surface Applications.
Authors J. Oukili, B. Caselitz, T.K. Karlsen, J. Beenfeldt and A. McKaySummaryReprocessing existing 3-D seismic exploration data with a state-of-the-art High-Resolution (HR) workflow can provide very fine details of the very shallow subsurface. In the paper, we focus on the very first hundred meters in a shallow water environment and suggest how 3-D seismic data, which does not meet the typical Ultra-High-Resolution (UHR) requirements, can be used to significantly reduce the overall timeline, risks and costs of future offshore new energy projects.
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Model-based CO2 Concentration Prediction for the Sarawak Basin
Authors J. Hoesni, M.N. Samsuri, S. Nayak, A.T.P. Panting, O. Swee Keong, M.A. M Diah, J. M Shah, W.A. Wan Zakaria, R. Masoudi, M.S. Razak and N.A. AhmadSummaryThis paper describes the model-based approach in the prediction of CO2 concentration for the Sarawak Basin. Such modelling approach allows us to test contribution of multiple CO2 sources, as well as identifying subsurface geological processes that plays major role leading to the accumulation of the CO2 in the traps.
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Applying Integrated Chemostratigraphy and Enhanced Mineralogy Techniques to Assess Reservoir Quality Role on Production, Offshore Malaysia
Authors T. Ishihara, M. Asraf Khamis and E. DaneshvarSummary
Chemostratigraphic and mineralogical analyses have individually the advantage that can be applicable to any lithology in any depositional environment, regardless of the sample types. In this study, these techniques were applied and integrated on the cutting samples, to investigate the cause of poor productivity in one of the sandstone reservoirs, offshore Malaysia. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by Scanning Electron Microscopy (QEMSCAN®), and petrography techniques were applied on total 300 samples from 8 wells, and the results were fully integrated, together with wireline and core data, to determine element-mineral affinities and to get an indication of changes in bulk lithology and mineralogy. The results successfully determined all reservoir quality parameters in the studied reservoir. Given fully quantified Ca and carbonate minerals, carbonate content was differentiated into carbonate bioclast debris and calcite cemented sandstone, in which the latter one is reported as a main player in the reservoir quality in this study. Results also associate to density/sonic spikes of wireline logs and interpreted to be the thin shelly lag deposits related to storm bed. Such cemented shelly lag deposits are interpreted to be vertical barriers. These findings are being used for future development planning.
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Lower Tertiary Wilcox, Central Gulf of Mexico: Comparison of Exploration Success in Outboard and Inboard Trends
Authors P. Abbott, S. Mukherjee and A. AmirSummaryThe combination of world class Tithonian oil-prone source rock, thick reservoir intervals, the presence of numerous salt-related traps, and multiple intraformational seals, makes the Lower Tertiary Wilcox an attractive play in the CGoM. 16 out of the 64 exploration wells drilled in the play are considered economic discoveries. Seven fields are currently on production, and all are in the outboard trend. However, with the advancement of seismic technology, exploration has moved increasingly towards the inboard trend. Shenandoah, Anchor, and North Platte, with a combined size of ∼1Bboe, are likely to be the first inboard discoveries to begin production ( IHS Markit, 2022 ).
Due to the different risk elements and subsequent exploration success rates, it is important to distinguish the ILT from the OLT. The subdivision of the play into trends is a key learning that has allowed us to greater understand the Wilcox. In fact, the odds of drilling an economic discovery increase from 24% (∼1 in 4) to 32% (∼1 in 3) when exploring in the inboard trend. Trap style, reservoir architecture/quality, seal capacity, and maturity trends can all vary in the two trends and understanding these should be considered an important step during prospect maturation.
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Interplay of Salt Tectonics and Basin Evolution - Implications on Maturity Trends, Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors S. Mukherjee, P. Abbott and A. AmirSummaryRegional fluid distributions in the northern GOM suggest that first order controls on maturity trends are a function of basin fill, salt evolution, trap modification, charge style and the permeability structure in the carrier beds, based on modeling and observed datasets. Second order controls include pressure evolution, biogenic charge, and biodegradation which could affect fluid types in the discoveries/fields and should be evaluated carefully when using regional datasets to define maturity trends.
It is further noted that during early stages of prospects maturation regional maturity trends should not be used alone when evaluating fluid predictions and instead should incorporate integrated subsurface geological understanding coupled with prospect specific basin models. Developing a basin scale model in unproven and proven plays and integrating with regional datasets with established trends can be leveraged to unravel the charge mechanisms and identification of sweets-spots for the plays from a regional petroleum systems perspective.
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Carbon Storage Resource Assessment - How to Predict Containment Risk and Effective Resources
Authors M. Neumaier and B. KurtenbachSummaryWe present an advanced Carbon Storage resource assessment workflow to consistently predict quantitative containment risk and probabilistic ranges of effective CO2 resources for an early screening phase. In addition to the standard pore volume assumptions, our workflow uses quantitative notions of Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT), fluid injection mass, and seal capacity.
Our probabilistic approach fully integrates subsurface uncertainty of pore volume, CO2 in-situ phase and density as well as seal properties. It explicitly includes containment risk, as the likelihood of failure due to fracturing, leakage through the top or fault seal, or structural spill based on CO2 pressure and properties.
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Prospect Assessment and the Consistent Prediction of Dual Phase Accumulations for Exploration Well Placement Optimization
Authors M. Neumaier, B. Kurtenbach and J. De JagerSummaryDual phase accumulations, or traps containing both oil and gas, are very frequent in many hydrocarbon provinces but poorly treated in prospect assessment. The possible presence of gas, competing with oil for pore space and seal capacity, complicates exploration decisions in many aspects.
First, the definition of success and the estimation of chance of success (COS, or “risk”) is often tied to the presence of hydrocarbons, which also includes gas.
Also, the composition of success-case volumes (“resources”) might contain considerable amounts of gas, which does not favor oil. Oil versus gas column height uncertainty is performed in a rather arbitrary way.
Finally, the decision of where to place a first exploration well can also be difficult for a dual phase accumulation. Especially in thin reservoirs, a well in the upper part of the structure might only prove gas, whereas in the lower part of the trap, it might encounter water.
In the presented paper, we address the confusion of well versus prospect COS and the volumes which can be proven by one well, based on a consistent assessment of oil versus gas occurrence (risk) and column heights (resources).
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The Role of Logging for Formation Evaluation during CCUS Site Screening and Performance Appraisal
By C. CavalleriSummaryAs much as for oil and gas wells, static and dynamic reservoir characterization is key in carbon capture storage. An accurate knowledge of the hosting rock and surrounding formation coupled to comprehensive modelling are fundamental to demonstrate the geological site has the required properties for safe and long-term CO2 storage. Even if dealing with a mature field where detailed knowledge of the formation and connate fluids is already available, logging measurements being recorded at the current time may be required to complement the local knowledge and provide additional information previously not accessible. Logging technology can be deployed in existing wells to check integrity and usability; with the need for newly drilled injection well there is also the opportunity to record specific logging measurements and gather information in the open hole sections.
During the site appraisal and pre-modelling stage, logging and testing measurements help defining and refining the understanding of storage capacity, CO2 injectivity and maximum injection rates, and containment. Technology deployment and evaluation strategies are optimized to enable successful operations to follow, as well as to guarantee full compliance with stringent regulations related to CCUS. We describe the roadmap to successful assessment of key rock attributes at early stage.
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Digital MEMS and Seismic Nodes – Technology Fusion
By C.J. CrissSummaryMEMS based digital sensor technology was introduced into the seismic exploration market as early as 1998. Designed to overcome the limitations inherent in analog geophone sensor technology, use of the digital MEMS sensor eliminates issues with broadband sensitivity and phase. Since the introduction of the MEMS technology, sensors have been utilized extensively in most regions of the world, primarily with cable-based systems. MEMS technology has continued to progress since the early days and the technology is currently in its 5th generation.
Robust node technology has evolved simultaneously. Current node technology can record data for up to 50 days of continuous recording. Autonomous nodes have proven to be highly flexible and reliable in a wide variety of environments and are favored by operators because of the reduced crew sizes needed to operate and the very low environmental impact. When combined with the latest MEMS sensor the fusion of the two technologies is a new and unique solution for seismic acquisition.
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Finding the Hidden Faults – Delineating Faults and Fractures with Diffraction Imaging
Authors J.H. Tan, S. Maitra, C.C. Lam, N.N.H. Che Soh, C. Onn, N. Huu Nghi, N. Hamza and N.N. Abdul RahmanSummaryWithin the deep-water part of offshore Sabah, Malaysia, faulted anticlinal structures are zone of interest for hydrocarbon exploration. Interpretation of these faults and other geological discontinuities are important to identify segmented reservoirs in the area. In this paper, we demonstrated diffraction imaging can complement conventional seismic image and aid interpretation of fault geometries, factures network and small-scale features.
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Provenance of Neogene Sediments in Deep Water Offshore Sabah, NW Borneo
More LessSummaryThis study focuses on the provenance of Neogene clastic sediments in offshore Sabah, northern Borneo, Malaysia. The area of interest is the offshore Sabah fold and thrust belt region which is a major hydrocarbon province within thick Neogene sediments. There have been no studies of the provenance of offshore sandstones and this is the first such study utilising offshore sediments from Sabah.
The primary aim was to determine the sources of the Neogene clastic sediments and link offshore to onshore geology. This was intended to identify temporal and spatial changes in provenance of offshore sands and help understand tectonic influences on their deposition. Samples of core and drill cuttings were acquired from wells located (1) northwest of Labuan Island and (2) northwest of the Kudat Peninsula. The sands were deposited within a short time interval in the Middle to Late Miocene.
The quartz-rich sandstones were analysed for through light and heavy mineral analyses as well as U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology. Two groups of sands were recognised with distinctive detrital zircon U-Pb age suites, indicating different sources. The different features observed, the potential sources and the implications for uplift history and palaeo-drainage on land are discussed.
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Imaging Solution for Highly Faulted Block – A Case Study
Authors F.F. Basir, S. Maitra, K. Kongjuk, W.D. Gan, E. Sulaeman and A. ChansaneSummaryImaging highly faulted blocks in a shallow water environment can be quite challenging. This paper outlines the strategic seismic processing and imaging techniques applied on relatively old acquisition with limited azimuth and offset, which area affected by shallow overburdens. A combination of broadband processing, a targeted demultiple strategy, comprehensive velocity model and absorption Q model building workflows and application of advanced imaging technique successfully resolves the imaging challenges and resulting in a high-quality subsurface image.
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Unearthing NW Sabah Platform & Sabah Trough Potential Through Tectonostratigraphic Evolution Understanding
Authors N.L. Zakaria, P.S. Das, A.K. Upadhyay, S.N.F. Harun, T.M.S. Tg Hassan and N. OmarSummaryNW Sabah Platform and Sabah Trough geological provinces which are situated within the Sabah Deepwater at the southern conjugate margin of the South China Sea are relatively underexplored compared to the coeval and correlatable petroliferous basins situated on the northern conjugate margin. Although there are numerous literatures on South China Sea (SCS)’s tectonic history and setting, literatures on NW Sabah Platform and Sabah Trough remain scarce. Recent hydrocarbon discovery in Sabah Trough which proves a working petroleum system has sparked a renewed interest in this area. This paper focuses on the tectonostratigraphic evolution and the petroleum system elements of these areas diving deep into the tectonic phases and their associated depositional environments based on detailed geological interpretation of the seismic data, well logs, petrographic analysis, and comparison with results by previous researchers. Based on a wholesome understanding of the tectonostratigraphic evolution, this paper hopes to demonstrate the vast play potential each of the stratigraphic interval holds, and in turn encourage more exploration initiatives in the NW Sabah Platform and Sabah Trough region.
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Offshore-Onshore Geological Model to Define Deformation Zone in West Timor and Its Implication to Petroleum System
Authors A. Andaru, M.B. Wiranatanagara, M.Y.A. Madjid, N. Ardiansyah and J. KristianSummaryWest Timor is a promising frontier area for petroleum exploration known for its complex geological and structural condition in its onshore area. Notwithstanding its complexity, the petroleum system in this area was found to be functioning.
This study aims to integrate gravity data and subsurface results to construct an onshore-offshore geological model of West Timor and to estimate the basement depth and model in the onshore area by conducting gravity analysis. The result shows a significant impact in proposing a new extensive geological model that stretches out from onshore to an offshore area of West Timor. The research concludes that there are 4 deformation zone based on how deep and old the detachment surface cut the sediment sequence into. The detachment surfaces lie in older sediment from zone to zone, or northward, as it also cuts deeper sediment and lift older sediment in each zone. Petroleum system potential has its highest opportunity in zone 1 and decreasing towards zone 4, northward, since it is highly deformed.
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A Rock Physics Feasibility Workflow for 4D Seismic Monitoring of Injected CO2
Authors F. Sinclair Smith, A. Mur and W. HarbertSummaryCCS initiatives require a program of monitoring, verifying, and accounting of injected CO2. 4D seismic reflection surveys can be used to monitor the injected CO2 over the lifespan of the project. As with traditional seismic interpretation for oil and gas exploration, seismic reflectivity data pose the problem of non-uniqueness, thus multiple forward models need to be built, first to model if there would be sufficient 4D seismic signal to make time-lapse seismic monitoring effective, and subsequently, once multiple time lapse surveys are acquired, multiple forward models should be generated to understand uncertainty around the observed signal.
This work presents a rock physics modelling workflow, built on traditional quantitative interpretation techniques, to model the predicted 4D seismic signal for different CO2 injection scenarios and time steps. Here we present the Vernik-Kachanov rock physics model, which places both pores and microcracks into the average effective stress field in the solid matrix of the material, allowing for the stress sensitivity component of the rock physics model. We then account for fluid changes using Biot-Gassmann theory and published empirical and semi-theoretical fluid models for CO2-pore fluid mixing. Finally, synthetic seismic models are built using Zoeppritz equations for reflectivity and amplitude changes and time-thicknesses estimated.
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Predicting Hydrogen Sulfide Concentrations in Sarawak Hydrocarbon Fields through Petroleum System Modelling: Its Feasibility and Reality
Authors Z. A Kadir, P. Abolins, N.A.A. A Hamid and Z.A. ZulkifliSummaryHydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are among the common contaminants associated with the hydrocarbon fields in Offshore Sarawak. Current production plant could only handle up to 400 ppm of H2S concentration. H2S modeling is suggested to forecast and predict upcoming prospects to meet facilities limitation. Petroleum system modeling (PSM) software was proposed as the tool to model H2S generation, migration, and accumulation. H2S concentration and isotope data are collected and interpreted to determine the possible origin of H2S. Hypothetically we propose that areas of high H2S could be identified based on circumstantial evidence of having Cycle II carbonate body with more than 120°C temperature. However, we could not be certain of the actual intensity of the generation nor the loss of H2S and therefore, there is no certainty that having Cycle II carbonate with more than 120°C will result in high H2S concentration. In addition, we are looking at H2S as contaminant to hydrocarbon, where any modeling for H2S concentration need to include both hydrocarbon and H2S thus increasing the complexities and uncertainties. The H2S source and process could be tweaked to match measured data but it is not possible to generate a predictive H2S model.
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Integrated Studies in Defining Cycle V in Block “X” of Baram Delta
Authors M.A. Khamis, T. Ishihara and K. TsuzukiSummaryCycle V of the Baram Delta is the least explored interval in the Block “X”. The deep target posed multiple challenges, including seismic resolution, high pressure, high temperature and critically unknown hydrocarbon prospectivity. JX Nippon drilled an exploration well in Block “X”, named X-1 with the objective to test the prospectivity of high amplitude seismic reflectors in the predicted Cycle V. With the new data acquired in X-1 well, integration of geological and geophysical datasets was important to address the challenges and in defining Cycle V.
The geological and geophysical elements being used for this study are seismic, well-to-well correlations and biostratigraphy zonation. Integration of these geological and geophysical elements lead to the confirmation of the Cycle V sequence in Block “X”
All information obtained from each element – seismic, well-to-well correlations and biostratigraphy zonation – are crucial in supporting each other. The Cycle V is finally well defined as all of these elements are in agreement, and thus indicates that X-1 well achieved testing its main objective to explore the Cycle V sequence.
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