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International Conference of Young Professionals «GeoTerrace-2020»
- Conference date: December 7-9, 2020
- Location: Lviv, Ukraine
- Published: 07 December 2020
41 - 60 of 62 results
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Construction and accuracy estimation of determining the Earth’s geoid by its potential
Authors M. Fys, A. Brydun, A. Sohor, M. Yurkiv and V. LozynskyiSummaryThe paper presents an algorithm for constructing a geoid based on the external gravitational field of the Earth, the radius vector of which is determined from the condition of the constancy of the potential on the equipotential surface. The values of the coordinates of such a figure calculated by the iterative method are discrete points in space, and therefore, using them, it is possible to visually construct a three-dimensional geoid image or in the form of contour maps on a plane. A formula for an a priori estimate of the accuracy of determining the radius vector of the Earth's figure is derived, based on the theory of implicit functions of many variables. Approbation of the described technique is carried out on a specific example. The calculation results confirm the convergence of the iterative process in determining the values of the radius vector and a high degree of calculation accuracy (5–6 cm). Therefore, this approach complements traditional assessment methods and can be fully used to study the shape of the Earth.
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A comparison of PLAXIS and LANDSLIP software packages for landslide hazard assessment
Authors V. Shokarev, I. Syvko, E. Shokarev, O. Shokarev, D. Volkov and I. KaliukhSummaryDifficult soil conditions are observed on almost 90% of the territory of Ukraine. Therefore, unpredictable changes in physical and mechanical characteristics of soils due to technogenic and natural geological factors can lead to dangerous deformation processes. A lot of such processes end with soil accidents and catastrophes. Among them, the landslide soil accidents and catastrophes rank first in Ukraine and second in the world (after earthquakes) in terms of the volume of economic damage inflicted. Therefore, construction of buildings and structures on landslide areas is not recommended by Ukrainian building codes. To protect urban areas and existing structures from landslides, it is often necessary to carry out complex and sometimes very expensive engineering protection measures. Preventing landslide disasters helps to avoid casualties and is less costly than eliminating their consequences. Unfortunately, insufficient development of methods for assessing the degree of landslide hazard and reliability of anti-landslide structures leads to the fact that requirements of the building codes are not always met. Therefore, the number of landslide accidents and disasters is growing in Ukraine from year to year. It determines relevance of work to improve the methods for calculating landslide hazard and loads on anti-landslide structures, increasing reliability and efficiency of engineering protection of territories and structures. Currently, due to computerization of calculations, their labor intensity for designers is significantly reduced, which makes it possible to widely use variational methods. In Ukraine, when calculating the stability coefficients, the well-known and widely used calculation methods of Maslov – Berer and Shakhunyants are used. They are recommended for use by the modern building codes of Ukraine. The approximate computational methods of Maslov – Berer and Shakhunyants are based on application of the theory of the marginal stress state of the granular medium, like most other computational methods for assessing landslide hazard. To determine the error of these approximate methods in comparison with the more accurate numerical solution based on the Mohr – Coulomb soil model implemented in PLAXIS software package, the comparative calculations were carried out for the identical landslide sections. Two types of the soil conditions were considered: clay and sand. Therefore, we have calculated the stability coefficient for the same landslide slope using PLAXIS software package based on the Mohr – Coulomb model and using LANDSLIP software package based on the approximate methods of Maslov – Berer and Shakhunyants. The absolute error by the Maslov – Berer method was 0.21 for sand and 0.03 for clay; relative error for sand – 18.75%, for clay – 1.83%. The absolute error according to the Shakhunyants method was 0.11 for sand and 0.2 for clay; the relative error for sand was 9.82%, for clay – 12.2%.
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Study of the method of spatial identification of polygonal features in the integration of geospatial datasets
Authors Y. Havryliuk and A. LyashchenkoSummaryIntegration of geospatial datasets is complex and time-consuming process. Integration is especially difficult if the geospatial datasets do not share common feature identification attributes. In this study, we explored the software implementation of the method of spatial identification polygonal features of geospatial datasets by detecting matching pairs of features from two different datasets using measures of their spatial overlap and the similarity of their morphometric characteristics (perimeter, area, width-to-length ratio, blockiness, number of vertices). The polygonal feature identification program is implemented in PL/pgSQL for a spatial database in PostgreSQL/PostGIS. The results of the experiment on the example of the 13832 polygonal building models for the town of Bila Tserkva using an OSM dataset and a digital topographic plan of 1:2000 scale showed the ability to perform spatial identification of about 85% of buildings with little or no user intervention.
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The main directions of cadastre development in Ukraine taking into account the experience of foreign countries
Authors N. Stupen, Y. Hubar, O. Hulko, A. Vovk and M. SobchukSummaryState Land Cadastre is a unified state geoinformation system of data on lands located within the borders of Ukraine, their purpose, restrictions on their use, as well as data on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of land plots, their assessment, distribution of land plots between landowners and land users, which provide full information on all land plots, application of a unified system of spatial coordinates and land identification systems, the introduction of the unified system of land cadastral information and its reliability. Cadastral monitoring is carried out, which is an information-analytical system, which due to some scientific-organizational, technical and other factors makes it possible to trace the processes of changes in the data in space that make up the cadastral system. The national cadastral system is now operating successfully and meets the best standards in world practice. One has presented building a cadastre and cadastral system in Ukraine in the review of foreign and Ukrainian publications. One has envisaged that the cadastre of the future will be multi-purpose in 3D or 4D. An important mechanism of economically sustainable development of territories is the cadastral system as an integrated database of various registers: property rights, assessment of land improvements, geospatial data, etc. The country cadastral system is public with access to databases on-line. The report conducts and analyzes cadastres of the future – spatial one with 3D image and multi-purpose cadastre 4d. The change of approaches to cadastral zoning leads to the necessity to transform a great number of the identified land and property units. During the transition to the new system of cadastral zoning of the territory of Ukraine, one has laid the nomenclature division of topographic plans and maps, which exists in Ukraine. Therefore, according to the recommendations of ISPIRE Rule 18, one presents all land plots in the cadastral register and their areas in a vector image, indicates their rights and location, and they are public. The cadastral system of the future will be a highly influential component of tomorrow’s lifestyle, a powerful lever for land and property management. One will introduce this system into the social and economic structure – planning of traditional land use and urbanized territories, land use valuation, which will stimulate their effective use and protection. Thus, in the near future in Ukraine, one should construct a cadastral system, which would include a multi-purpose cadastre, registers of property rights, valuations of cadastral objects and other registers.
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Special features of automated decoding of farmland satellite images (on the example of Kipti territorial community)
Authors A. Skorobahatko, V. Zatserkovnyi, O. Nikolaienko, V. Babii, P. Trofymenko and N. TrofimenkoSummaryThe paper presents the results of evaluation of various methodologies of automated land decryption and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. The use of methods of comparative classification made it possible to identify with high reliability the types of agricultural land: arable land, perennials, fallows, hayfields and pastures. The obtained results allowed to increase the reliability of automated identification of agricultural lands and to establish trends in their quality. It is proposed to use the presented approach to assess the condition of agricultural lands at the level of united territorial communities.
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Geodetic monitoring of meter intervals of the Berezhany basis
Authors I. Pokotylo, T. Korliatovych, P. Perii, V. Tarnavsʹkyy and A. VovkSummaryInvestigations of meter intervals of the Berezhany basis were conducted with a standardized test meter with the use of photo fixation of end scale reading. For comparing the results of the measurements with the test meter by the photo fixation method, the linear and angular measurements on the Berezhany reference basis have been conducted. For determining the deviation of measuring the distances on the basis from a horizontal position, the geometrical levelling of pipe benchmarks of the Berezhany geodetic basis has been performed. The comparative analysis of measuring the lengths of parts of the basis phase site determined by the photo fixation method in different years have been conducted. The comparison of the results of measuring the lengths of the phase site of the basis obtained by the photo fixation method and linear and angular measurements has been conducted. The application of linear and angular measurements on the geodetic basis agrees with the results of the measurements by the photo fixation method and confirms them. Measurements of the phase site of the Berezhany basis by the photo fixation method and with the use of forced centering screws enable the considerable increase in accuracy of determining the instrument error of the electronic tachometers.
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Investigation of rented immovable real estate right
Authors Yu. Hubar, Yu. Khavar, V. Sai, L. Vynarchyk and Kh. IvakhniukSummaryReal estate occupies an important place in the economic life of society not only as a commodity of long-term use, but also as an object of investment, collateral, taxation, etc. and, thus, becomes a thing for which a number of legal relations are formed. In fact, property in civil law is interpreted as a separate thing and related rights and obligations. This interpretation is fundamental for real estate because, due to the impossibility of being moved, it requires a special method of transfer from one owner to another - through the transfer of ownership of this property. That is why when real estate is valued, the object of evaluation is not real estate as a physical thing, but the rights to it, which are actually traded on the market ( Perovych L., Hubar Yu., 2016 ). When valuing real estate, it is necessary to clearly define the rights that may pass from one person to another. Traditionally, such rights include: property rights, collateral rights, lease rights, building rights, easements, real obligations, and so on. The most complete set of powers is the right of ownership, the value of which, in essence, reflects the value of real estate. In International Valuation Standards, it is interpreted as an unconditional unrestricted right that includes the right to use, occupy, develop, share, sell, lease, inherit, exchange, bestow, use all or any of these powers. them, transferring the rest to other persons or the state or abandoning them altogether. That is, the right of ownership allows by law to own, use and dispose of the property of the owner of this right at its discretion, regardless of the intentions of others. The owner of this right may create smaller benefits based on the distribution of real estate rights by financial interests (eg, equity and debt) and / or physical interests (eg, land lease, building ownership, etc.). Such rights, in contrast to property rights, are called partial. At the same time, the owner retains his interest in the property as a landlord, mortgagor ( Kharryson H.S., 1994 ; Drapikovskyi O.I. et al, 2015 ). Partial rights are derived from property rights and provide for at least two interests: the interest of the owner who transferred part of his powers, and the interest of the person to whom they are transferred. The value of interests that correspond to partial rights depends on the terms of the contracts under which they are formed. Valuation of real estate is based on the assumption that the value of this property is formed by income from its use, which in turn depends on the completeness of real estate rights. The most complete in terms of powers is the right of ownership, which allows the owner of this right to own, use and dispose of real estate within the law at its discretion. Based on this right, derivative rights are formed, including the right to lease ( Malashevskyi M. et al, 2018 ).
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Monitoring of coastal protective strips of the Velykyi Kuyalnyk River and recommendations for their state improvement in the future
Authors N. Loboda, O. Hryb, Ya. Yarov, V. Pylypiuk and A. BalanSummaryThe paper collected and summarized information about the current state coastal protective strips of watercourses (rivers, gullies, streams) and artificial reservoirs (ponds, reservoirs, quarries in the floodplain of the river etc.) in the basin of the Velykyi Kuyalnyk River. By 2018, there was practically no information on the state of lands of coastal protective strips and water protection zones in the basin of the Velykyi Kuyalnyk River. This created significant misunderstandings and abuses during their use and has led to intensive degradation of the ecosystem river and the Kuyalnytskyi Lyman. According to monitoring in the river basin (expeditionary surveys and the decryption results of satellite images for the period from 2007 to 2018) the authors compiled a comprehensive map (of 56 sheets) of the basin of the Velykyi Kuyalnyk River. On this map are marked: network of watercourses, artificial reservoirs,dikes and dams and plots of shores where the requirements are violated the Water and the Land Code of Ukraine regarding the state and mode of economic activity within the coastal protective strips. For practical application a detailed description of the state and boundaries of coastal protective strips along both banks of the modern riverbed of the Velykyi Kuyalnyk River is prepared. The width of the coastal protective strips is most often violated. It is established that significant parts of the coastal protective strips occupy the plowed land and private grounds. There are no coastal protective strips on some parts of the river. In some cases, coastal protective strips and even riverbeds are plowed. It has been determined that 44% of coastal protective strips do not meet the requirements of the Water and the Land Code of Ukraine. The authors prepared general recommendations for measures to improve the status of coastal protective strips of water objects in the basin of the Velykyi Kuyalnyk River. These recommendations include organizational and economic measures, agrotechnical measures, measures for melioration of meadows and forest plantations, as well as hydraulic engineering measures. Implementation of these measures contributes to the future restoration of the natural hydroecological regime of water facilities in the basin of the Velykyi Kuyalnyk River. The indicated measures allow to restore or strengthen the protective (buffer) role of vegetation of coastal landscapes within the limits of coastal protective bands in the basin of the Velykyi Kuyalnyk River.
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Interactive map of environmental pollution of the surface waters in Lviv region
Authors A. Sohor, A. Brydun, N. Yarema, V. Lozynskyi and M. SohorSummaryThe ecological status of the surface waters of the Lviv region is influenced by closely related various factors, namely: soil pollution, atmosphere, change of landscape structure and technogenic congestion of the territory, inefficient work of sewage and treatment facilities, failure of the mapping of coastal water protection and marsh, as well as their non-observance, especially in settlements, pollution and clogging of rivers with household and other wastes, trellising of forests along streams in mountainous terrain. Another important problem that leads to surface water pollution in the region is the lack of water protection zones and coastal protection strips of water bodies in the territory of the region. Absence of planning and mapping materials and uncertainty on the terrain boundaries of water protection zones and coastal protection strips lead to violations of land and water legislation when using them. At present, the state of water bodies in Ukraine, and in particular in the Lviv region is at an unsatisfactory level. The main problems in this area are the progressive nature of the negative impact on the environmental and human health. As at present there is no cartographic material that can visualize the problem of surface water pollution in Lviv region, the main purpose of this work was to create an interactive map of surface water pollution. To achieve this goal, we collected and systematized geospatial statistical mapping materials on the ecological status of the surface waters of the Lviv region. The necessary software for the development of the interactive map is identified and its possibilities are examined. An algorithm for loading geospatial data into the created web resource has been developed. The application template for the creation of web-maps of the monitoring network of the surface water of the Lviv region and the discharge of sewage for 2017–2018 in ArcGIS Online environment was selected. Thus, two interactive maps of ecological pollution of Lviv region's surface water in ArcGIS Online were developed.
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The Status and Development Trends of Land Remote Sensing
Authors L. Ren and N. Lazorenko-HevelSummaryThe land resource is a very important natural resource and the most basic resource necessary for human production activities and social development. The research of changes in land resources is the great significance to global climate change and sustainable development. At the same time, land resources vary greatly in different periods and different regions. This means that it is difficult to monitor land resources with a single method such as aerial photography, using UAVs, laser scanning or some other method of remote sensing, but in combination it is getting easier. Since the 1970s, remote sensing technology has gradually become an important means of monitoring land resources due to its advantages such as all-weather, wide-coverage, short repeated coverage cycles, and strong information acquisition. The article researches the development and applications of remote sensing technology in land resource monitoring. Also the article analyzes future development trends of land remote sensing technology that will be large-scale data fusion, cloud computing and deep learning.
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Application of GIS for morphotectonic analysis (on the example of Kremenets Mountains)
Authors A. Bermes and O. TomeniukSummaryThis study aims to show the possibility of using GIS for morphotectonic analysis of the territory that by the use of geomorphic indices helps us in reconstruction the stages of the development of the landforms during a certain period. On the example of Kremenets Mountains, the created maps of differences of isobase surfaces within the limits of the second, third and fourth orders are analysed. This is one of the methods of morphotectonic analysis. A map of the differences of the isobase surfaces of the second and third orders as well as a map of the differences of the isobase surfaces of the third and fourth orders are a part of created cartographic material. Based on them, two stages of influence of recent tectonic (mainly vertical) movements on this territory have been identified, which together with the processes of denudation and accumulation have formed a general appearance of the Kremenets Mountains. Within both stages, areas that have been significantly affected by modern tectonic uplifts and lowerings have been identified. The publication also presents several methodological aspects for constructing cartographic material for morphometric analysis.
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GIS analysis of the hydrogeological conditions as the factor of the development and activation of landslide processes (by the example of Ivano-Frankivsk region)
Authors L. Davybida, D. Kasiyanchuk, E. Kuzmenko and B. KarpinskyiSummaryThe research is devoted to the influence of hydrogeological conditions on the formation of landslides for the territory of Ukraine. Special attention is paid to Ivano-Frankivsk region, where landslides have a significant spread. GIS analysis of the localization of landslides in relation to the structural units of hydrogeological zoning allowed to establish certain patterns of the territorial intensity of landslide processes coordinated with the mountain and plain landscape-hydrogeological complexes.
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Spatial analysis of the relation between the distribution of dangerous exogenous geological processes and landscape hydrogeological complexes in Transcarpathian
Authors L. Davybida, D. Kasiyanchuk and L. ShtogrinSummaryThe impact of hydrogeological conditions on the formation of dangerous exogenous geological processes (EGP) (landslides, mudflows, underflooding) for the territory of the Transcarpathian region is considered. Analysis of the localization of the EGP of different types in relation to landscape-hydrogeological complexes allowed to establish certain patterns of their distribution, which, in turn, suggests the need to involve hydrogeological zoning by the groundwater formation as a static factor influencing the development of EGP for creating predictive models of exogenous geodynamical activity.
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Using GIS in geoarchaeology of Podillya (Ukraine)
Authors A. Shevtsova and O. TomeniukSummaryThis study demonstrates the key aspects of the application of geographic information systems for the needs of geoarchaeological research. The basic principles of ArcGIS software are briefly outlined. The process of using ArcGIS for spatial data analysis, as well as the creation and interpretation of maps for basic archaeological needs, is also described. Main features of creation and analysis of electronic geomorphological maps are demonstrated on the example of a digital elevation model map of the Palaeolithic site Ihrovytsia I.
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Peculiarities of the method of calculation feature’s geodetic area on the reference ellipsoid in GIS
Authors D. Kin and Yu. KarpinskyiSummaryThe transition from the cartographic to the geoinformation approach to the production of topographic maps determines the transition from cartometric to analytical methods in GIS. Authors researched the peculiarities of calculation the geodetic area of a feature on the reference ellipsoid by Simpson's method. Peculiarities of calculating feature's geodetic area are determined by developing the special function in PostgreSQL 12.0. The programmed special function for calculating the geodetic areas of features depends on the number of segments involved in Simpson's method because it is affected by the specified accuracy of determining these areas.
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Some aspects of the edge matching method of digital topographic maps in the scale of 1:50 000 for creation the main state topographic map
Authors N. Lazorenko-Hevel, D. Kin and Yu. KarpinskyiSummaryThe article proposes the research of some aspects of the edge matching method of digital topographic maps in the scale of 1:50 000 for creation single seamless Topographic Database of the Main State Topographic Map in Ukraine within the framework of the Ukrainian-Norwegian project. The single seamless Topographic Database of the Main State Topographic Map (hereinafter – Topographic Database) is being created for the first time in Ukraine for the creation and development of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure which requires relevant, reliable and high-quality Core Reference Datasets which based on digital topographic maps. This research considers the edge matching of the updated digital topographic maps before the uploading into Topographic Database. Compliance with the proposed requirements for the edge matching of the updated digital topographic maps will raise the quality of the edge matched updated digital topographic maps in the scale of 1:50 000 for creation the seamless Topographic Database of the Main State Topographic Map. During researching of the edge matching method of the updated digital topographic maps in the scale 1:50 000 was defined that the transformation of coordinates from one zone of the Gauss-Krueger projection to another executes with insufficient accuracy for the usage of analytical methods in ArcGIS.
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The national spatial data infrastructure as the basis for the State Land Cadastre
Authors L. Datsenko, S. Titova and M. DubnytskaSummaryThe paper deals with the problem of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) development in Ukraine. Analyses of the NSDI history illustrates, that the issues of creation and further development of NSDI in Ukraine have always been considered through the prism of land relations. NSDI in our society is often misunderstood as an improved version of the State Land Cadastre, which ultimately undermines its importance. The authors propose to develop two government conceptss: Concept of the State Target Program for Development of Land Relations in Ukraine until 2030 (based on the NSDI) and separately Concept of the State Target Program for Development of National Spatial Data Infrastructure in Ukraine until 2030.
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Research of the watercourse confluence based on RSD (by the example of the Sukil river)
Authors N. Rybak, L. Dubis and Yu. AndreychukSummaryThe work is based on the research of rivers channels processes in river confluences using remote sensing. It presents a method for determining the angles of the confluence of rivers in different geomorphological conditions for example of the Sukil river basin. Determining the influence of tributaries at the main river and sedimentation processes in the confluence zone is the main goal of researching. Also, the riverbeds are typified before and after the confluence, and a zone of influence are identified in this area.
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An impact of dynamic loading on the slopes in the Carpathian region of Ukraine
Authors V. Tytarenko, V. Shuminskiy, Ya. Dombrovskyi, A. Sirenko, M. Yakovenko and Iu. KaliukhSummaryIn the city of Chernivtsi and its region there are numerous occurrences of landslides in the Neogene argillaceous deposits. Such slopes feature the complex spatial stress-strain state caused by the processes of the Neogene clays deconsolidation and seismic activities. Lateral spreads, earth flows and slides are widespread. The risk that buildings and structures can be destroyed increases not only by the impact of grade 7–9 earthquake shocks and vibrations but also by weaker earthquakes with a magnitude 5–6. Under complex ground conditions of Ukraine, seismic waves can result in destruction of buildings and structures due to the following unfavourable conditions: activation of potential landslides and development of enormous ground cracks with creation of opening up to 1–2m wide, and 7–10 m deep and even more; triggering of fractured rocks falls from benches and steep slopes; enhancement of coast erosion action; intensive formation and streaming of mudflows in mudflow hazardous areas because of activation of thixotropic liquefaction of degraded loess masses under foundations of buildings and structures. As a result, they lose their bearing capacity; activation of suffusion which gradually changes from slow suffusion removal of soil to a catastrophic out-burst of rarefied soil masses. Three main patterns and models of landslide process development (flow, sliding, shear) of change are distinguished, that modelling the litho-dynamic of landslide-dangerous slopes in clays of Neogene Age in the region of Carpathians of Poland and Ukraine. It is set that for the shear landslides the middle width is 11,5 m, maximal width is 40 m, middle width on edge is 23,5 m, middle extent of slope is 380 m, middle width on front is 1000 m and slope angle of slide surface, is not exceed 15 except the area of edge. Consideration is being given to the use of accelerograms of real earthquakes for calculation of strain-stress state of landslide-prone slopes of Chernovtsy city by using PLAXIS software. As a result of numeral modelling of the stress-strain state of shear landslides by direct dynamic method on the basis of software PLAXIS there was found out: the seismic events with intensity up to 6 on a Medvedev scale can considerably to worsen the soil behaviour in the slide zone and to effect on slope firmness and value of shear pressure.
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Prospects of using passive seismic in the Novy Port oil and gas condensate field, Russia
Authors G. Kashin, V. Mironychev and O. LikhachevaSummaryThis paper considers the prospects of conducting the supplementary exploration in the north part of the Novy Port oil and gas condensate field. There may be two ways to completely explore this field. The first way includes drilling a significant number of exploration wells based on available data. The second one requires the passive seismic surveys and drilling a small number of exploration wells with the aim of confirming the obtained results. These wells can be used as the production ones later. Such an approach will significantly reduce the financial burdens and increase reliability of received geological information. There are many advantages of using the passive seismic in the Novy Port oil and gas condensate field.
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