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International Conference of Young Professionals «GeoTerrace-2022»
- Conference date: October 3-5, 2022
- Location: Lviv, Ukraine
- Published: 03 October 2022
41 - 60 of 75 results
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Achievements and Challenges in Studies of River Systems and Their Catchment
Authors I. Kovalchuk, I. Kovalchuk, M. Fedoniuk, V. Martyniuk and B. ZhdanyukSUMMARYThe paper provides a detailed overview of the main studies of river systems and their catchment basins. It outlines the primary approaches to the studies: hydrological, channel based, geomorphological, and catchment basin based approach. The evolution of the methods used in similar studies is described: from field hydrological and geological-geomorphological to graphic, cartographic, geoinformation modelling. It lists the main distinctive features of the most used classifications and typologies related to the structure of river systems, river valleys and catchments. Special attention is paid to the ecological and geomorphological aspects of the rivers and their basins studies, taking into account anthropogenic changes and the influence of the river system state on the environment. The paper summarises the main achievements in the studies of river systems and further lists the challenges related to the study of the state, dynamics, and the functioning of river basin systems from the standpoint of eco-geomorphology, applied geodynamics, rational nature management, and sustainable land development.
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Sandstone SiO2 Oil and Gas Reservoir Rock Porosity Research by Mechanical Spectroscopy
Authors Yu. Onanko, M. Kulish, A. Onanko, O. Dmytrenko and S. KuzmychSUMMARYDuring the search and development of oil and gas fields an important role is played by the assessment of the parameters of void-pore space of their reservoir rocks. Using the method of mechanical spectroscopy the sandstone SiO2 reservoir rock the porosity coefficient was studied. This method allows establishing the structural defects spectrum from the analysis of internal friction and the relaxation time. The calculation of the balanced velocities of volume elastic waves, the acoustic tensor values in the working coordinate system, the eigenvalues and their confidence limits and their eigendirections of the deterministic component of the acoustic tensor QUOTE mil of sandstone SiO2 reservoir rocks and wells of the landfill, initial approximations for elastic constants was carried out using the program for calculating acoustic constants, which uses the data of experimental measurements of the phase velocities of quasi-longitudinal, “fast” and “slow” quasi-transverse waves and the measured sandstone SiO2 reservoir rock density ρ for the calculations of the above-mentioned parameters. Based on the results of calculations the parameters of acoustic linearity and shaleness were calculated, and the texture symmetry type N of acoustic tensor sandstone SiO2 reservoir QUOTE mil rock was determined.
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Perspectives of Three-Dimensional Modelling of Geodetic Surveys in the Assessment of Real Estate
Authors D. Khainus, T. Anopriienko, D. Sopov, A. Iukhno and M. SavchenkoSUMMARYThe issue of using three-dimensional modeling to create a 3D cadastre in Ukraine is becoming more and more relevant every year. The development of the 3D cadastre will contribute to the introduction of 3D registration, as the registration of not only a certain part of the territory, but also a certain space to which the right of ownership extends according to the law. The creation of a 3D cadastre will contribute to obtaining clearer, objective, reliable, visual land cadastral information about real estate objects, which in turn will have an economic and social effect in the evaluation of land and real estate ( Popov, 2009 ). One of the main tasks of geodetic science is the study of issues of determining the area of the site, its exact geodetic dimensions, geographic coordinates and features of the relief ( Achasov et. al., 2016 ). Also, of great importance is engineering geodesy, which examines areas for future construction, which is quite relevant in today’s realities, for the post-war reconstruction of our country and the assessment of real estate. Modern possibilities for processing and transforming spatial graphic information using computer programs allow solving a wide range of tasks related to the construction of three-dimensional models for construction and land management. The problems solved by applied geodesy are no exception. An important scientific direction of geoinformatics is a set of actions related to the integration of all possible options for collecting, processing and transmitting information with further automatic processing.
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The Method of Optimizing Measurements with a Ground Laser Scanner of the Green Plants of T. Masarik Park in Uzhgorod
More LessSUMMARYThe work is devoted to the optimization of the observation space when performing terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) based on the analysis of multiple observation zones and the selection of the minimum number of observation points that maximize the visual coverage of the selected area during the study of green areas. NLS involves the use of maximum resolution and careful selection of scanning locations. When using the sorting method, the number of terrain points increases rapidly, which leads to a rapid increase in the computational requirements for multi-view site planning. In this work, we propose an algorithm for filtering candidates’ points of view with an improved Monte Carlo method for planning TLS when mapping recreational areas of settlements and inventorying green spaces.
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The Combination of Satellite Images Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 for the Spatio-Temporal Changes Monitoring Assessment In Surface Water
Authors Ľ. Kseňak, K. Pukanská, K. Bartoš and J. ŠvedaSUMMARYThis study presents the possibility of using SAR satellite data for long-term monitoring of changes in the surface water, combined with optical multispectral images Sentinel-2. Also, it aims to demonstrate the suitability of satellite SAR and multispectral data implementation for watercourses mapping caused by inundation processes in their catchment area. The Sentinel-1 image processing procedures used assess the relevancy of using a vertical-vertical (VV) polarization configuration for documenting water bodies. The extracting process of water bodies is based on the “Otsu” determination of threshold values.
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Modern Standard Linear Basis of Original Design for Metrological Verification of Geodetic Instruments
Authors I. Trevoho, O. Vanchura, A. Khoptar, P. Periy and V. TarnavskyySUMMARYGeodetic instruments must be examined and metrologically checked for compliance with technical regulations in order to ensure the unity of measurements. In modern geodesy, linear measurements mostly dominate, and metrological monitoring of means of measuring technology (MMT) to transfer them a unit of length from a working standard is carried out on a linear geodetic basis that performs the functions of a working standard. At the same time, the accuracy of the standard objects should be three times higher than the accuracy of the research instruments. A standard linear geodetic base of original design was created and has been operating for many years at the scientific geodetic polygon near Lviv, designed for long-term use, taking into account the accumulated world experience. Considered design features and ensuring measurement accuracy, methods, and results of many years of experimental calibration of the basis and the results of two international metrological reconciliations (carried out for the first time in Ukraine), which confirmed the high stability of the lines of the working standard. National Science Center (NSC) “Institute of Metrology” periodically carried out certification of this basis and it is widely used for scientific research and metrological verification of MMT of various companies and models, by various organizations and enterprises of the country’s geodetic industry.
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Research of Agricultural Crops in Kamianets Podilsk Region
Authors O. Stepanenko and P. TrofymenkoSUMMARYAnalyzing the state of agricultural crops and forecasting their harvest is quite important for Ukraine, as these indicators significantly affect its economic situation. Thanks to its fertile soil, Ukraine is called the “breadbasket of Europe”, and it has every chance to become the “breadbasket of the world”. As an exporter of grain (primarily wheat, corn and barley), the country ranks third in the world with 60 million tons of production per year, behind the United States of America and the European Union. More than half of the harvest is sent abroad. Ukraine is also a leader in the world market of oil crops (sunflower, soybean, rapeseed). The country is one of the leading producers and exporters of many other agricultural products ( GO German-Ukrainian Forum, 2020 ). Thanks to conducting a survey of the area of arable land and grain crops, monitoring the condition, growth and development of agricultural vegetation, it is possible to predict various factors: the degree of plowing of the territory, the need to apply nutrients to a certain area of planting, etc. The purpose of this work is to classify grain crops using the methods of remote sensing of the Earth from 2005 to 2022. Research object: Kamianets-Podilskyi district, Khmelnytskyi region. The tasks of the research are: assess the condition of agricultural crops in the Kamianets-Podilsky district of the Khmelnytskyi region; conduct research on the germination of grain plants; analyze the leaf cover of the appropriate area.
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Analysis of the Methods of Determining the Area of a Spatial Triangle
Authors Yu. Hubar, V. Sai, L. Vynarchyk and O. SaiSUMMARYArea of real estate objects is normally calculated by coordinates of vertices of the polygons. In addition, the real estate objects are measured, that means the values of the polygon sides are determined. Results of the measurements are mainly used to control coordination. Determination of the area of real estate objects by balanced coordinates provides for advanced efficiency of the geodesic supply for the real estate cadaster.
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Using Artificial Intelligence in GIS for the Needs of Land Management
Authors I. Sadovyy, N. Stoiko, L. Makieieva, A. Riasnianska and D. MakieievSUMMARYMore active and purposeful use of artificial intelligence for management, manipulation, analysis, modeling, presentation and display of geoinformation data will allow solving complex issues of land resource planning and management effectively. The research presents and analyzes the results of using machine learning methods to classify satellite images of the southern part of the Kharkiv region during the period of increased fire danger, which in turn will contribute to a more rational implementation of land management works. Geographic information systems are in constant development and are integrated with scientific achievements from other fields. Artificial intelligence, namely machine learning, in geoinformation systems allows for faster and better environmental research.
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Temperature Regime and Ice Cover Dynamics in the Coastal Regions of the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors V. Fedoniuk, Yu. Luhinina, M. Fedoniuk, V. Ivantsiv and S. BondarchukSUMMARYClimate change affects all regions around the world, but the ice covered areas are particularly vulnerable in this case. The Antarctic ice sheet is the largest single mass of ice on Earth. Melting of ice sheets is dangerous, as it can lead to flooding of low-lying coastal areas and other negative processes. In this study, we use remote sensing methods to analyze the changes in air temperature and its impact on the condition of the ice sheets in the coastal regions of the Antarctic Peninsula. Analysis of space images of the Antarctic Peninsula coast for the period 1985–2020 showed that the ice covered area shrinked, as a result, the length of the coastline expanded, and it became more winding. The length of the coastline has increased by 20–25%. Temperature analysis of the investigated area during 1985–2020 (according to the data provided by the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station) showed clearly that the average, maximum, and minimum air temperatures have been trending upwards. The average annual air temperature and the average minimum air temperature increased by 1–1.5 0C, the average maximum air temperature during this period increased by 3.30C. This is a sign that global climate change is also impacting the southernmost regions of Earth.
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Study of the Influence of Geological Features of Layers - Collectors on Gas Deposit Development Processes Using 3D Modeling
Authors N. Dubei, M. Dubei, A. Boiko and I. MykhailivSUMMARYThe article presents the results of the study of the geological features of the productive horizons of the Opar gas field and the analysis of its developments using 3D modeling. The effect of the heterogeneity of layers - reservoirs on the development process of the field was evaluated. A comprehensive analysis of the filtration and capacity characteristics of the productive horizons of the Opar deposit revealed a significant heterogeneity of the strata in terms of area and section. In the development of non-homogeneous formations, at the first stage, mainly highly permeable formations are drained.As the formation depression increases in low-permeability formations, their flow rate gradually increases, and at the final stage of development, even gas flow from low-permeability formations to high-permeability formations is possible. The article provides a methodology for taking into account these features of the reservoir when designing the development of gas fields. Taking into account the heterogeneity of productive horizons will help to more reliably determine the technological indicators that are included in development projects, which will help to avoid significant economic losses.
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On Determination the Relationship of Geodesic Parameters Using the Theory of Implicit Functions
Authors M. Fys, V. Brydun, A. Brydun, V. Lozynskyi and A. SohorSUMMARYAn implicit function can be represented only in numerical format. For example, the figure of the geoid of the Earth as a surface of equal potentials in the final version is provided by a set of numerical data, based on which its graphical representation is built. Such a presentation does not allow analytical studies of surface features. This situation also occurs in other cases of presenting the function in the implicit form. Determining the analytical form of the geoid shape is the main task of the theory of the shape of the Earth. At the same time, the theory of implicit functions makes it possible to propose another method of establishing an analytical representation of a function given in the implicit form. The use of Taylor’s formula for functions of multiple variables with a preliminary definition of the derivatives for the function being studied gives the necessary representation. At the same time, the accuracy of the approximation is controlled by the number of members of the Taylor series, and the derivatives themselves are calculated analytically using mathematical software packages. The proposed representation algorithm is valid both for one and for a set of functions determined from the system of equalities.
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Features of Land Cover Mapping in the Low-Accuracy Areas on Large-Scale Maps for Land Management
Authors I. Koshkalda, S. Vynohradenko, V. Kulbaka and D. SteshchenkoSUMMARYConsidered aspects regarding by the need to solve the research and technical problem of providing information support for the assessment of the state of land resource mapping and their management using modern geoinformation technologies, the development and optimization of interconnected algorithms and programs. Used an integrated land cover classification method targeting low-accuracy regions on large-scale maps. Low-accuracy areas can be detected by estimating the accuracy of the data with a moderate resolution spectroradiometer. This method optimizes the entire classification process, including image selection, as well as the classification algorithm and features. An optimal algorithm of classification and features for various regions with low accuracy is proposed, which can be used in the process of regulation and management of land relations.
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Applying GIS-Technologies for Spatial Modelling of the Territory of Sukhovolia Village Council in Lviv Region
Authors M. Malanchuk, N. Stupen, O. Hulko and Ju. ZajatsSUMMARYPartial modelling of erosion processes by using tools of Erosion RUSLE module was made on the territory of Sukhovolia village council in Brody district. The GIS-analysis (the process of search for spatial regularities of data extension and relationships between them) can be simple (from the start of the map creation) and complex (the model creation). The GIS-analysis method was chosen with consideration of the set goal and the way of the research findings application in science and practice The RUSLE was created to estimate long-term annual soil loss on the ploughed territories for the following development of a complex of measures to introduce a system of sustainable farming with agro-ecological substantiation. Application of GIS-technologies in computing will significantly simplify the procedure of obtaining final results and contribute to their complex analysis ( Manuel R. Reyes, 1998 ). Development of GIS environment for analysis of the erosion loss of soil in Sukhovolia village council on the base of empiric equation (RUSLE) is the relevant solution of the problem. Basing on the aggregate data and composed schematic maps of erosion loss of the soil layer, calculated by means of the Erosion RUSLE module, the authors of the work have identified the erosion risky plots, dependence of erosion loss on the type of land use and slope steepness, as well as the ways to prevent the negative processes. It is determined that the RUSLE erosion model is created to estimate the long-term average soil loss caused by surface water erosion on the specific area with different vegetation and system of soil treatment.
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Tectonomagnetic Monitoring of the Wilhelm Archipelago in the Argentine Islands Area
Authors V. Maksymchuk, R. Kuderavets, I. Chobotok, Ye. Nakalov and N. PyrizhokSUMMARYMonitoring of tectonomagnetic observations was carried out at the Antarctic polygon in the area of the Akademik Vernadsky station for the period from 1998 to 2020. Time series of changes in the local magnetic field were constructed for each observation point of the network and maps of tectonomagnetic anomalies were constructed for different periods of research. It has been established that three anomalous zones are observed in the spatial structure of the tectonomagnetic field of the Wilhelm archipelago, which are confined to the geological inhomogeneities of the earth’s crust. The spatio-temporal relationship of tectonomagnetic anomalies with the seismic activity of the region was studied.
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Analysis of the Destruction Caused by Russian Aggression by a Semi-Automatic Method Using Remote Sensing Data
Authors B. Chetverikov, O. Prokhorchuk and L. BabiySUMMARYThe purpose of the research is the analysis of space images before and after the occupation of the Kyiv region by the Russian army, for the purpose of calculating the quantitative indicators of the destruction of infrastructure objects by a semi-automatic method in the Erdas Imagine software package. A space image of the territory of the village Moshchun near Kyiv, obtained from the Maxar satellite in 2020, and a space image obtained from the Maxar satellite in 2022, after the partial occupation of the Kyiv region were used as input data for conducting research. The studies were performed in the DeltaCue software module. Unlike many other similar programs, which use only the raster subtraction function to obtain the difference index (namely, based on the geometric characteristics of the objects), the DeltaCue module performs filtering according to three possible filters: spectral segmentation; incorrect registration of pixels of a pair of images; spatial filtering. Depending on the satellite images, you can use certain filters. As a result of processing of remote sensing data for the territory of the village Moshchun before and after the Russian occupation, it was determined that 663 houses were destroyed. Analysis of space imagery has shown that this method is effective for first-order operational damage estimation. The disadvantage of this method is that it does not take into account the floor areas of buildings, but only their projection, as a result of which it gives rather rough results only for quick operational assessment and calculation (for example, occupied territories). For a more accurate calculation of damages, it is necessary to carry out an on-site inspection.
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Calculation of Corrections to the Spherical Approximation of the Components of the Earth’s Anomalous Gravity Field
Authors A. Sohor, A. Brydun, M. Fys and B. DzhumanSUMMARYThe spherical approximation is mapping the points of the ellipsoid with geodetic coordinates to the points on the sphere, the spherical coordinates of which are assumed to be the coordinates of the points on the ellipsoid. Moreover, the values of the first order and terms of higher orders are neglected. It is necessary to find the same mapping by numerical comparison of geodesic coordinates on the ellipsoid and the sphere, but with the preservation of the first-order values. Therefore, it is logical that to obtain higher accuracy in calculations of the components of the anomalous gravitational field of the Earth, ellipsoidal corrections should be taken into account. The methodology of such scientific research consists in the expansion of some arbitrary element F of the anomalous gravitational field (disturbing potential, geoid height, gravity anomaly, etc.) in a series according to a small parameter characterizing the deviation of the reference ellipsoid from the sphere. The height of the geoid, the gravity deviation, the gravity anomaly, and other similar elements of some function F0 on the sphere are uniquely determined through the basic function of the perturbing potential T0 using spherical relations. The corresponding functions F will be the values of the elements on the ellipsoid and are also uniquely related to T=T0 using some ellipsoidal formulas. Thus, the functions F1 can be defined. Based on our research of the components of the anomalous gravitational field of the Earth, we can summarize the following. Since the gravity anomaly practically does not depend on the displacement of the reference coordinate system, the ellipsoidal correction cannot be taken into account when calculating the Earth’s force field. However, the gravity anomaly depends quite strongly on the harmonics of the second degree, in particular, on the second zonal harmonic coefficient C20 , and therefore on the compression f of the reference ellipsoid. The obtained value of the ellipsoidal correction is of the same order as modern high-precision gravimetric satellite data, so it must be taken into account when determining the Earth’s force field. The results of the calculations performed in the spherical approximation showed that there is a strong dependence between the height of the geoid and the displacement of the reference coordinate system. Ellipsoidal corrections and must also be taken into account, since their values are of the same order as modern high-precision altimetric-gravimetric calculations of the anomalous gravitational field of the Earth. Thus, the novelty and relevance of such scientific solutions lie in the expediency of considering ellipsoidal corrections when determining the anomalous Earth’s gravity field. Neglecting these corrections on average for the territory of Ukraine gives an error in the order of accuracy of modern gravimetric satellite data and altimetric-gravimetric calculations of the Earth’s anomalous gravity field
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Oil and Gas Reservoir Rock Sandstone Sio2 Porosity Research by Internal Friction Method
Authors Yu. Onanko, D. Charnyi, A. Onanko, O. Dmytrenko and A. KuzmychSUMMARYIn the qualitative and quantitative assessment of oil and gas reserves contained in reservoir rocks, an important role is played by the assessment of the parameters of their void-pore space. In this work, using the method of internal friction, such a parameter of the sandstone SiO2 reservoir rock as the porosity coefficient was studied. Internal friction method is informative in solving the textural problems of minerals and their internal structure. The measuring of internal friction background after mechanical treatments, temperature, gives information about the changes of the elastic strain’s fields in rock. The analysis of the elastic anisotropy parameters sandstone rocks SiO2 showed that the rhombic approximation provided the maximum harmonization of the calculated and the experimental data and the efficiency of using the invariant-polarization method to solve the acoustic texture analysis problems. The general conclusions were obtained: researched rocks are represented by fine grains sandstone with grain sizes d ˂ 100 µm the same range of “fast” quasi-transverse ultrasound velocity values, shear module G, Poisson coefficient, quasi-longitudinal ultrasonic velocity, elastic module E, Debye temperature, the open porosity coefficient is high.
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Modern Capabilities of Obtaining Remote Sensing Data as an Integral Tool for Maintaining Industry Cadastres
Authors O. Dombrovska, D. Hoptsii, O. Kulbaka, A. Siedov and V. SurkovaSUMMARYConsidered Remote Earth Sensing, which makes it possible to obtain data on dangerous, hard-to-reach objects and places, and also allows for operational monitoring of large areas of the terrain. The use of modern methods of obtaining data from remote sensing of the earth has significantly expanded the horizons of using such data, their analysis, interpretation and modelling of a wide range of natural processes and human activities. Today, the possibilities of obtaining remote sensing data of the Earth by modern methods, both space and UAV, channel combinations, image visualization indices in combination with geoinformation technologies solve some scientific, practical and economic problems that are already used in industry cadastres.
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Methods Analysis of Studying Surface Sub-Vertical Movements Based on Earth Remote Sensing Data (Case Study Stebnyk Potassium Salts Deposit, Lviv Region, Ukraine)
More LessSUMMARYThe karst formation is a characteristic result of negative anthropogenic activity and its impact on natural landscapes, which leads to their further modifications. A striking example of karst processes in Ukraine is the territory of Stebnyk Mining and Chemical Enterprise «Polymineral» in Lviv region. General surface deflection has been traced in the exits of the potassium salt deposit mines, as well as sub-vertical movements, which led to the emergence of several sinkholes. Given that the deformation processes in the territory of Stebnyk deposit are in an active stage, there is a high likelihood of new failures formation in residential areas and strategically important infrastructure objects, which confirms the importance of monitoring the deposit area. The study analyses the current methods for researching sub-vertical movements, their advantages, and disadvantages. The results of the UAV survey of the Stebnyk potash deposit area are presented, a digital elevation model of the sinkholes is created based on the orthomosaic, and their quantitative parameters are calculated and analysed.
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