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13th Conference and Exhibition Engineering Geophysics 2017
- Conference date: April 24-28, 2017
- Location: Kislovodsk, Russia
- Published: 25 April 2017
54 results
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Geophysical Research of Soviet Army Aircraft ER-2 Crashed on October, 1941
Authors I.N. Modin, O.E. Zerkal, V.P. Novikov, A.Y. Palenov and A.A. PelevinSummaryIntegrated geophysical studies in the area of the Ugra river near the town of Yukhnov are carried out to detect the remains of the large military aircraft ER-2, crashed here on October 7, 1941. Geophysical studies were conducted using magnetic survey and GPR. The results of the mag-netic survey has revealed the accumulation of the iron wreckage near the right bank. We found 82 anomalies of magnetic field are scattered in an area of 40 thousand sq.m. Some of the anomalies were confirmed with the help of GPR. Special diver team brought the largest fragments of the air-craft, including chassis. The identity of the aircraft to 81 air division was determined by the license plate on the chassis and so the names of the dead pilots was recognized.
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Searching for the Caves by the Method of GPR
Authors V.V. Panchenko and S. ShakuroSummaryIn the summer of 2015 geophysical surveys by GPR in the settlement area, located in the beam Berman (Sevastopol) have been carried out. Research task - identifying underground cavities along the southwestern slope of the beam. Field work was performed by georadar “OKO-2” with the antenna unit AB-250. At the initial stage it was carried out experimental and methodological work on the known cavities. According to the results of work it was identified the main features of voids. Then GPR works were carried out on a long reconnaissance profiles and small detailed areas. Analysis of radarograms showed that in the particular circumstances underground cavity characterized by reversed polarity of a signal reflected from the roof of the cavity, compared with the direct transmission signal. All radarograms clearly manifested only roof cavities, significant reflection from the “floor” is recorded only in the case of the known wide cave. Within the detailed site 1 identified and delineated underground cavity. All the other anomalies in the investigated area require further study. The survey revealed anomalies, presumably associated with unknown underground passages. These anomalies require further study.
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Electromagnetic Surveys at Archaeological Sites in the Chora of Chersonesos
Authors S.V. Shakuro, V.V. Panchenko and S.G. KataevSummaryhe huge area of the Chersonesos Chora require the fast and efficient reconnaissance geophysical techniques applied for the excavations direction. The series of field tests with the multi-frequency EM profiler AEMP-14 proved its efficiency for archaeological features delineation and detection of damages made by modern construction works. Experimentally established that in many cases the phase parameter is more information rich than resistivity. A new methodology of geophysical exploration in the Chora of Chersonesos proposed including large-scale EM investigations followed by detailed resistivity survey.
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Geophysical Investigations of Burial Mounds Near the Village Podlesnoe Stavropol Region
Authors V.M. Yakushev, A.G. Kerimov, A.V. Yakushev, V.S. Kramarenko and V.V. KramarenkoSummaryThis paper provides the results of geophysical investigation of burial mounds by means of electrical tomography and GPR. It is shown that electrical tomography allowed to determine the structure of research objects, to reveal and specify the burial place. The GPR method wasn’t efficient as expected due to clay structure of the soil in the most areas of Stavropol region. However its application allowed to obtain some specific information about objects.
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The Successful Use of UAV with Quantum Magnetometer for the Mapping
Authors A.V. Sakovskaya, V.L. Luhmanov, N.V. Demchenko and V.A. KuranovSummaryDuring prospecting for ore minerals or monitoring, there is the problem — it is often impossible to carry out ground surveys because of hard-to-reach area. The solution is the application of new geophysical technologies, which allow with high efficiency to carry out the geophysical survey from the air. One of this technology is magnetic survey with unmanned aerial vehicles, the use of which allows to map the inaccessible areas and to detect anomaly objects. Approbation of technology of geophysical survey using UAV actively carried out worldwide. In Saint-Petersburg has been significant progress in the acquisition of magnetic survey using UAV helicopter type and developed method of pre-interpretation, which allows suppressing the different noise.
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Analysis of the Degree of Fracturing of the Rock during Engineering-Geological Surveys
Authors I.V. Abaturova, A.E. Zudilin, I.A. Savintsev, L.A. Storozhenko and I.A. KorolevaSummaryThe article describes the features of assessment of rock fracturing in engineering-geological study of chromite deposits Polar Urals. An algorithm for evaluating the extent and nature of the fracture, established patterns of change in the basic indicators of fracture, classifies species according to the degree of fracturing and engineering-geological zoning.
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Evaluation of Engineering-Geological Conditions of the Rock Mass in Mining Deposits of Underground Way
Authors I.V. Abaturova, I.A. Savintsev, O.A. Borisikhina, V.S. Kozlov, D.A. Shevaldin and V.Y. BalakinSummaryThe article deals with the integration of traditional methods of engineering geology and geophysical studies in obtaining objective data to address the problems of forecasting the stability of the rock mass in mining its underground workings on the basis of a set of methods.
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Problems of Obtaining Geological Information during the Engineering and Geological Pioneering
Authors I.V. Abaturova, L.A. Storozhenko, I.A. Koroleva and I.G. PetrovaSummaryDespite the complexity of the relationship, and often care geology of problem solving methods of geophysics, it is necessary to find common ground, because geophysics is the oldest partner of engineering geology, it appeared in the temporary aspect of much earlier engineering geology. The report examines examples of solving geotechnical problems, which have not been solved without using of geophysical methods. At the same set of geophysical methods to the greatest extent focused on the use of the latest software and hardware tools professionally oriented geophysical companies - developers and producers (GEOSIGNAL, SIBGEOFIZPRIBOR, Geotech, etc.) And our own original designs, with international patents and scientific recognition (3D-3C seismic location underground and surface-based)
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Prediction of Depths of Explosive Wells for Support of 3D Seismic Survey on Base of Impuls Electrical Methods Data
Authors Y.Y. Dmitriev, V. Glazunov, I. Gots, V. Logovskoy, G. Trigubovich and N. EfimovaSummaryDescribes methodology of complex of impuls electrical methods of geophysical prospecting to predict the depths of shot holes used in seismic surveys. Selection of borehole location and drilling methods becomes critical in conditions when shallow resistant bed rock is overlapped with thin layers of fine grained soils. The performed survey confirmed high efficiency of such complex exploration in predicting shot hole depths when the near-surface section is characterized with complex subsurface geology
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New Technology of Impulse Electrical Prospecting for Engineering Surveys
Authors Y.Y. Dmitriev and G.M. TrigubovichSummaryThe group of companies CJSC “Aerogeophysical Surveys” and LLC “Sibgeotech” has developed principally new compact construction for continuous electromagnetic medium scanning in motion. This method is implemented for both electromagnetic scanning and continuous walking soundings with the depth up to 35 meters. The new technology has been widely approbated in different geological conditions (permafrost and thaw rocks of a various compositions) in winter and summer-autumn and has demonstrated high metrological characteristics.
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SP Anomalies of Diffusion-Adsorption Origin
Authors V.A. Shevnin and S.V. IvanovaSummaryDiffusion and adsorption (DA) potentials are frequently the sources of self-potential anomalies, but they not arouse such practical interest as anomalies of red-ox and filtration origin. DA anomalies can be found everywhere and geophysicists sometimes make mistakes considering DA anomalies as examples of filtration anomalies. Diagnostics of DA anomalies is based on correlation of SP and apparent resistivity graphs along the same profiles. At MSU students geophysical practice in Kaluga region we obtained profiles with SP and resistivity anomalies with good correlation between them. That fact allows consider such SP anomalies as a result of DA processes.
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Experience of Application Shallow Electromagnetic Soundings to Explore the Permafrost Zone
Authors I.A. Shelokhov, N.V. Misyurkeeva, I.V. Buddo and Y.A. AgafonovSummaryPermafrost introduce significant complications in the industrial development of the territory, design and construction of various types of structures, geological and other studies. o date, one of the leading methods for studying the upper part of the section is a method for shallow Transient electromagnetic sounding (sTEM).
The results show high sensitivity sTEM signals the presence of MMPs in the upper part of the section for the near-surface geological conditions of Western Siberia.
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Efficiency of an Integrated Approach to Processing and Inversion of Shallow TEM Data by the Results of Mathematical Modeling
By M.V. SharlovSummaryThis paper reviews improving of informativeness of shallow TEM by reducing the starting depth of sounding. Some estimation of efficiency has been performed between the “traditional approach”, based on damping of TX loop and an approach, based on additional low-pass filtering of TEM response in order to suppress parasitic oscillation process. In accordance to the results of mathematical modeling shown that influence of low-pass filtering should be taken into account during solving of direct problem in order to reach maximum accuracy and reliability of the inversion results. The new integrated software for the processing and inversion has been presented.
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Development of the Electrical Prospecting Technology on the Base of the AMS-ZOND Hardware-Software Package
Authors V.P. Kolesnikov, S.B. Karpov, T.A. Laskina, S.V. Mokronosov and A.A. ZubrikovSummaryThe problems connected with the extension of the AMS-ZOND hardware-software package functional opportunities, the increasing of the informative and technological efficiency of results obtaining, have been considered. On the base of this package the stationary monitoring system technology has been developed, providing the opportunity to conduct the data recording and results interpretation in the automatic mode with the required value of the signal/noise ratio and get information about the physical condition of rocks laying in the depth interval from the surface to some hundreds meters.
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The Development of ERT Technology Using Multi-Segment Measurements
Authors I.N. Modin, D.K. Bolshakov and K. EfremovSummaryThe article presents the results of applying electrical resistivity tomography to study of active tectonic faults in southern Yakutia. To conduct the study we performed dipole-dipole array ABmn, two pole-dipole array Amn+mnB and reverse Schlumberger array mABn. In the case of Southern fault altered zone is clearly defined in the electrical survey data. In this case the direction of incidence and the geological features of the structure are clearly visible. In the case of Northern fault structure zones of altered rocks revealed not so clearly. Geoelectric boundaries are in good agreement with the data of seismic tomography.
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Electrical Resistivity Tomography in the Study of Tectonic Faults in South Yakutia
Authors A.D. Skobelev, M.I. Bogdanov and I.N. ModinSummaryThe article presents the results of applying electrical resistivity tomography to study of active tectonic faults in southern Yakutia. To conduct the study we performed dipole-dipole array ABmn, two pole-dipole array Amn+mnB and reverse Schlumberger array mABn. In the case of Southern fault altered zone is clearly defined in the electrical survey data. In this case the direction of incidence and the geological features of the structure are clearly visible. In the case of Northern fault structure zones of altered rocks revealed not so clearly. Geoelectric boundaries are in good agreement with the data of seismic tomography.
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Application of ERT to Identify Buried Covered Karst Features in the Design of Linear Constructions
Authors I.N. Modin, D.V. Makarov, A.A. Pelevin, A.D. Skobelev and K.D. EfremovSummaryThe roads are objects of the highest responsibility due primarily to human safety. A progression of technologies during the research for reliable detection of karst areas is necessary to ensure design and construction linear construction projects. First, projected areas of karst hazard are distinguished by geological and geomorphological characteristics. Further, the electrical tomography is performed on these projected development areas of carbonate and sulfate karst. Drilling is done depending on the results of the electrical tomography in the third stage. This sequence of methods is the most economical and efficient from the point of view of the solution for this geological problem. This is demonstrated with specific examples.
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Ground-Penetrating Radar Studies on «Invisible» Ice Wedges in Chara Depression (Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia)n Chara depression (Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia)
Authors S.S. Bricheva and Y. StanilovskayaSummaryIce wedges are prominent phenomena of permafrost landscapes. These ice bodies typically build a characteristic polygonal micro topography, thus determining indirectly the distribution of moisture, vegetation, and elements within the seasonally unfrozen active layer. However, the existence of ice bodies in the subsurface is not always delineable based on surface data. Furthermore, the increased potential of subsidence poses a hazard to any infrastructure nearby in case of a temperature increase. Also, the identification of hidden ice bodies is relevant for scientific field work and drilling. Ground-penetrating radar has been proven to be a suitable geophysical tool for imaging sediments of the active layer at high resolution and determining the location of ice wedges in a non-invasive manner. However, the success of imaging based on widely used acquisition strategies (common-offset geometry, 2D data acquisition and processing flow) remains limited, mainly because of heterogeneities and complexity of ice bodies shapes. We examine the influence of subsurface heterogeneity and ice wedge geometry on imaging these structures, based on synthetic data for a 2D polygon scenario of successively increasing complexity. Subsequently, we apply our interpretation strategies for identifying ice wedges to field data from Siberia.
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About a Possibility of a Prediction of Earthquakes from the Analysis of Behavior of Natural Pulse Electromagnetic Field of Earth
Authors S.G. Kataev, M.E. Dolgy and K.V. RomanevichSummaryn this work an attempt to develop a technique of processing and the analysis of a signal for the purpose of detection in a signal of a steady informational sign which would demonstrate with some probability earthquake approach is made.
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Laboratory Researches of Intensity Vibrating Signal and Acoustic Issue at Along One Axis Compression of Samples of Ferruterous Quartzites
Authors Y.S. Pogorelov, B.J. Adigamov, J.V. Taletsky and S.V. SergeyvSummaryIn order to improve the rockburst hazard forecast of rock mass in the development of korobkovskoe iron ore Deposit of KMA, in the laboratory conducted geophysical investigations of vibro-seismic method and method of acoustic emission under uniaxial compression of rock samples, selected in the mountain range of the mines. The dependence of the intensity of the vibration on the magnitude of mechanical stresses in the sample has non-monotonic character, and promising to identify rockburst-hazardous sites of the massif is the density parameter of the modules of amplitudes of acoustic emission signals. Also confirmed that the intensive destruction of rocks in the zone of influence of the free surface in acoustic emission signal is dominated by bipolar pulses.
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GPR Profiling-Based Permafrost Table Modeling
Authors O.D. Tregubov, G.N. Kraev and A.A. MaslakovSummaryhis is the case study of GPR profiling of permafrost basement layer in Lorino village (Chukotka, Russia). The structure of shallow layers of permafrost was studied. Modeling of spatiotemporal dynamics of cryogenic processes allowed recognition of three stages of natural and human-induced permafrost degradation. It was used as a baselayer for the village differentiation following the potential hazardous cryogenic processes.
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Special Aspects on Geological Survey and Site Investigation Along The Arctic Shelf
Authors D.I. Chernikov, D.A. Naumenko, S.M. Kleshchin, A.V. Koshurnikov and V.E. TumskoySummaryThe article briefly presents the most important types of marine geophysical and geotechnical survey and their peculiarities that allow to solve in detail all the problems related to design and construction of temporary as well as permanent installations on the arctic shelf.
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The Application of Multibeam Echosounder to Assess the Dynamics of Bottom Topography of the Black Sea (Site of a Submarine Delta and of Shahe River Canyon)
Authors S. G. Mironyuk and D. TyuryukovaSummaryThe monitoring of structures on the shelf to ensure the sustainability of their work prescribed normative documents. The underwater topography and soils is among the most important objects of monitoring. The dynamics of the relief was assessed using geophysical methods. The results of the multibeam echosounding of the gas pipeline section “Dzhubga-Lazarevskoe-Sochi” is attached to the upper part of the canyon the river (Black sea) to the beginning of construction and after completion of the work presented. Performed detailed areal mapping in scale 1:1000 using multibeam echosounder “Reson Sea Bat 7125”. Changes in topography in the three years since the start of the research were recorded. Dropped absolute depth marks in the underwater river bed, the edge of one of ravine tributary of the canyon moved toward the coast at 50 m.
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Analysis of Main Problems and Some Solutions of Seismic Processing in Shallow Marine Seismic
More LessSummaryDue to the increasing volumes of engineering and geophysical surveys in shallow water areas, particularly seismic methods, there is a need to develop the optimum processing survey for seismic data. This report examines the main issues arising in the processing of the shallow marine seismic data and some examples of solutions.
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Prospects of SCPT Application in Offshore Geotechnical Research
Authors S.V. Manzhosov and А.М. СираевSummarySCPT is the combination of cone penetration testing and acquisition of S-wave accelerograms at assigned discrete positions within geological profile. Paper describes application of SCPT at the practice of offshore geotechnical investigations, advantages of the method and data interpretation. Paper presents authors experience of offshore SCPT investigations.
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Application of Capacitive Resistivity and Ground Penetrating Radar for Studying of the State of Frozen Sand Mounds
Authors A.Y. Tatarskiy, V.V. Glazunov, N.N. Efimova and A.I. KulikovSummaryThis paper is presenting an application of capacitive resistivity and ground penetrating radar for studying of the state of frozen sand mounds. It shown a results of methodological and industrial field works. Application of the complex can provide information about the structure of the mound and qualitatively evaluate the condition of the sandy soil. The presence within the mounds of various geoelectric varieties sands indicate spatial variations of their bearing capacity.
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The Possibilities of Geophysical Methods in Monitoring of Levee Ore Processing Plant in Permafrost Zone
Authors A.V. Sakovskaya, V.L. Luhmanov and A.V. MuslimovSummaryThe article deals with the application of geophysical methods in monitoring the technical condition of hydraulic structures in the conditions of permafrost and the desirability of placing on geophysical methods in complex monitoring works.
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Geo Hazards Identified during Geophysical Investigations on Baltic Sea Shelf
Authors D.D. Konstantinova, D.A. Lalomov and D.A. KorshunovSummaryThe problem of detection and detalied characterization of geo hazards is successfully solved by geophysical investigations at the stage og geological engineering surveys.The main geophysical investigations is marine magnetic survey,subbottom profiling and side-scan sonar survey.The aim of geophysical investigations in Baltic sea is study of geological conditions and factors(geo hazard) that may cause a risk for positioning jackup rigs at the point of drilling exploration wells.The report presents results of marine magnetic,sonar surveys and subbottom profiling on the research area.Geotechnical sampling data is used forqualitative interpretation of subbottom profiling data.Combined geophysical and geological data interpretation has allowed to identified following geo hazards: acoustic anomalies,seafloor roughness (hills, ledges),current marks,boulders and their clasters.Identified geological and geotechnical hazard can have an adverse effect for positioning of jackup rigs at the point of drilling exploration wells.
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Mapping of Buried Valleys within the Waters of the Lake Sestroretsky Spill According to Complex Geophysical Studies
Authors L.M. Budanov, V.V. Glazunov, A.Y. Sergeev and Y.P. KropachevSummaryThis thesis is devoted to the application of complex of geophysical methods in the shallow waters. As a result of processing and interpretation of the data the scheme of buried valleys was prepared.
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Potential of Ground-Penetrating Radar for Imaging Active Layer and Ice Wedges in Permafrost Areas
Authors S. Schennen, S. Bricheva and J. TronickeSummaryIce wedges are prominent phenomena of permafrost landscapes. These ice bodies typically build a characteristic polygonal micro topography, thus determining indirectly the distribution of moisture, vegetation, and elements within the seasonally unfrozen active layer. However, the existence of ice bodies in the subsurface is not always delineable based on surface data. Furthermore, the increased potential of subsidence poses a hazard to any infrastructure nearby in case of a temperature increase. Also, the identification of hidden ice bodies is relevant for scientific field work and drilling. Ground-penetrating radar has been proven to be a suitable geophysical tool for imaging sediments of the active layer at high resolution and determining the location of ice wedges in a non-invasive manner. However, the success of imaging based on widely used acquisition strategies (common-offset geometry, 2D data acquisition and processing flow) remains limited, mainly because of heterogeneities and complexity of ice bodies shapes. We examine the influence of subsurface heterogeneity and ice wedge geometry on imaging these structures, based on synthetic data for a 2D polygon scenario of successively increasing complexity. Subsequently, we apply our interpretation strategies for identifying ice wedges to field data from Siberia.
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Efficiency of Magnetic Methods in Explorations for the Construction Raw Materials
Authors M.V. Kosnyreva, A.Y. Palenov, L.A. Zolotaya and T.B. SokolovaSummaryThis paper reviews the specifics of the magnetic methods in its application and its particular effectiveness in the exploration for intrusive rocks deposits (mainly with diorite and dactic compound — usually/ potentially a good source of gravel raw materials) using the case studies collected at the foothills in the Southern part of the Crimea peninsula.
The combination of detailed magneto-prospecting methods used includes land high-precision measurements of a magnetic susceptibility on rock outcrops and on core samples taken from the exploration wells. Such approach not only allowed to contour the intrusive bodies, but, for some cases, successfully calculate the potential volume of the raw material deposits. This article also presents the comparison example of the mineral stock calculation based on the contours derived from the magnetic field data versus the drilling data.
The high cost-efficiency of a detailed high-precision magnetic exploration is demonstrated in the article in its particular application for finding and delineating of the intrusive granodiorite and diorite bodies. Such high efficiency can also be achieved in a broader application of the magnetometric method when searching for shallow accumulations of raw gravel materials of diorite and dacitic composition with high magnetic properties contrast.
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Spectral Characteristics of Acoustic Emission in Porous Media
Authors E.A. Marfin, A.A. Abdrashitov, I.S. Metelev and T.A. KirpichnikovaSummaryAcoustic emission occurs when solid media are subjected to mechanical load and deformation. The porous medium also experiences strain when creating a pressure gradient fluid. The experimentally found that the generation of noise filtration is different from the nature of the acoustic emission caused by purely mechanical loading. The amplitude of the noise filtering is dependent on the flow rate, and the frequency determined by the properties of the porous medium (porosity, permeability, fractional composition, etc.), that is independent of the fluid flow regime. Analysis of the spectra of noise filtration for all the studied artificial samples showed a pattern of increasing the frequency of the major peaks in the spectrum with increasing permeability of the porous medium. The results obtained and identified patterns can be used in solving the problems of identification of Applied Geophysics, and the implementation of wave methods of enhanced oil recovery.
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Mineral and Raw Material Resource Geo-modeling of Geo-physical Synergy in Zhiguli Dislocation. Evaluation of Reservoir Uncertainty
Authors V.I. Popkov, A.M. Sterenberg, L.V. Stepanova and V.V. GusevSummaryThe group of authors presents the innovative theory to resolve numerically and analytically the problems related to the Earth, geo-information on mineral and resource material geo-modeling of hydrocarbon reservoirs with geo-physical synergy. The authors substantiate the methods of reservoir uncertainty numerical evaluation at the present stage of tight hydrocarbon reservoirs’ development. They consider the solution of a combinational synergy in geo-physical rhythms, conjunction of hydro-dynamics and geo-mechanics in heterogeneously deformed continuous medium of fluidal saturation geological evolution in fractured porous formations at the stages of catagenesis gradation and reservoir stiffness growth. The authors propose the solution of modern intellectual block-type procedures of scaled segmentation in complexly structured reservoirs with fluid mineral petroleum saturation. The paper contains the theoretical analysis of lab, field engineering and geo-physical results of diagenesis and catagenesis rhythmic synergy combinational studies, modern stages in additional shallow-depth combinational geo-physical studies with heavy and bituminous oil. They also consider an example that combines geo-electrical prospecting with seismic data in developing shallow-depth low-amplitude geo-physical studies of potential fields and rhythms in compacted / de-compacted heterogeneous resources in high-viscous and bitumen reservoirs of Ufa horizon in the Kama-Kinel system of down-folds, the Northern block of Samara Region.
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X-ray Microtomography Core and Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow in the Pore Space
Authors E.A. Marfin, D.V. Chachkov and A.A. AbdrashitovSummaryThe oil reservoir is a system formed by liquid-tight cemented grains of rock and mobile fluid filling the space between them. The pore sizes in which fluid flow occurs, often very small, in the order of tens of micrometers. However, the physical processes that take place at these spatial scales, determine the properties of the whole range of filtration macro models. In this paper, by X-ray microtomography investigated the pore space of the core. Determine the values of porosity and permeability. Threedimensional model of the pore space is obtained. The process gas flow in the resulting pore space is studied by numerical simulation. It is shown that this approach can be used as the solution of various problems of flow visualization to identify the characteristics of the intensification of filtering imposed by elastic vibrations.
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Development of the Oscillator of Pressure Fluctuations for Solution Oilfield and Geophysical Problems
Authors Y.I. Kravtsov, E.A. Marfin and A.A. AbdrashitovSummaryThe effectiveness of oil production, especially hard-recoverable and highly viscous stocks, can be enhanced by the wave impact on productive formations. In this paper we developed an oscillator operation is based on the resonance amplification of the difference frequency. The basis of the design laid Inkjet Helmholtz resonators to ensure the generation of intense vibrations of a high frequency in the low frequency acoustic resonator. Paper presents the results numerical modeling of hydrodynamic flow in a flowing part of oscillator and experimental studies of the process of generation of oscillations in the laboratory sample oscillator. Dependences amplitude-frequency characteristics of the generated oscillations from mode operation of the oscillator are presented.
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Monitoring of Technogenic Load on the Environment when Exploiting Gascondensate Deposi
Authors V.I. Petrenko, A.V. Handzel and I.N. PetrenkoSummaryA great number of gas and gascondensate deposits have been exploiting in the world. As a rule, the specialists of the oil-gas complex in any country are sure that technogenetic load on the surroundings when exploiting the above-mentioned deposits is significantly lower with comparison of the such when exploiting oil fields. In this thesis the content of chemical elements in gascondensates and condensational waters, being a derivate of the condensed steams of hydrocarbons and water, has been described in detail. The high transporting ability of the steam-gas-condensate mixtures conditioned by the great concentration of chemical elements, phenolic acids and benzol in the unit of the compressed gas volume has been shown. Till present time in many gas-exploiting regions the condensational waters coming with the gas produced are not pumped into water-bearing seams but they come to the earth surface causing a great technogenetic load on the environment. In these places one should conduct constant monitoring by geophysics methods.
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The Polygon Justification for Testing Geophysical Research of the Upper Part Section
Authors V.V. Nikiforov, V.A. Bereznev and A.I. NikiforovaSummaryThe main parameters of the test polygon selection are considered. On the basis of engineering-geological criteria the border dividing is allocated the explored territory for possible development of negative geological processes. This feature of the engineering geological structures is a key to justify the application of the various geophysical methods available for stability control of territories with high rates of land subsidence.
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Cross-Hole Shooting: a Brief Review of State of the Art
Authors A.N. Oshkin, N.A. Ragozin, V.I. Ignatev, A. Konkov and R.Y. ErmakovSummaryThe review covers the state of the art of cross-hole shooting technology: range of use, methodologies applied, manufacturers, tools, etc. Particular attention is paid to the description of the features of the method’s implementation for pressure and shear waves.
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Comparison of Russian and Finnish Documents on Quality Control of Road Construction Works by GPR Methods
More LessSummaryThe comparison rossyskih and Finnish documents, and technologies for quality control of road construction works by the method of GPR. The advantages and disadvantages of the Finnish and Russian documents and technologies. Presents directions for further research and improvement of methods of GPR when used in the solution of traffic engineering problems.
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Separation of the Structural Elements of the Landslide Based on Seismic-Geoelectric Model of Landslide Slopes
Authors S. Burlutskiy and V. GlazounovSummaryEngineering of oil and gas pipelines at the hazardous landslide processes conditions requires a detailed study of the structure and properties of soils of landslide slopes. Application of modern tomography geophysics technologies extends capabilities to obtain representative information about the structure of the landslide. The seismic-geoelectric model of landslides which is presented in the report increases the efficiency of the use of geophysical methods. It provides a detailed study of landslide slopes in order to clarify and supplement data engineering and geological surveys.
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Engineering 3D Seismic Survey on the Potash Mine Territory
Authors A.G. Yaroslavtsev, V.Y. Bobrov and A.A. ZhikinSummaryThe exploitation of water-soluble mineral deposit is associated with the risk of accidental break of groundwater in the mine workings. In this regard, in addition to the mine loss, there is the problem of the stability of individual areas of the uppermost part of the section, which is the basis for the objects of industrial and civil infrastructure. The application of 3D seismic technology on such potentially dangerous areas can be economically and scientifically viable, because it makes possible to reconstruct the spatial position of the target reflectors more accurately and get three-dimensional representation of the object, that is not possible with two-dimentional seismic profiling. The article presents the results of assessment of capability for 3D seismic engineering research in geological aspects forecasting, that effect the safety of underground mining activity, within the productive salt mine at Upper Kama potassium and magnesium salts deposit.
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Some Aspects of the Theory and Practice of MASW
Authors N.A. Golyarchuk, E. Guberman, V. Mershchiy, F. Balakin and Y. YufaSummaryInterest in MASW (Multi-channel spectral analysis of surface waves) has grown over the last 15 years. The reasons for this interest lie in the awareness of the importance of determining the dynamic properties of the upper part of the section and in need for a simple and reliable enough method. The phase velocity of the surface wave SV-P in a layered model is a frequency function of the P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, density and layer thickness. We have been studied MASW method in two versions: the classic version on the common shot seismograms and CMPCC modification. Synthetic examples demonstrate the effectiveness and stability of Vs and thickness calculation. In real data example, MASW results have been compared with the refraction wave method. MASW method can and should be used actively in the engineering seismic. In complex seismological conditions it is recommended to use MASW methodology on SH transverse waves. The resulting dependence Vs (z) agrees well with the refraction data. One should always keep in mind the non-uniqueness of the solution. Viewing and editing of automatically picked dispersion curves is the most difficult and important operation in all MASW procedure.
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Cross-Section Velocity Characteristics Determination by Seismic Acoustic Borehole Methods
Authors A.V. Chugaev, V.P. Lisin, I.A. Sanfirov, V.V. Nikiforov and V.P. ZeleninSummaryThere are concerning the results of experimental work seismic acoustic borehole methods to identify weak areas in the ground array and the top of the bedrock associated with undermining at the Verkhnekamskoe potash deposit. The main method of research is cross-hole seismoacoustic and reverse VSP, complementing previously conducted in this area shallow CMP seismic profiling method for monitoring, surveillance by broadside vertical profiling in geotechnical borehole, and the results of physical and mechanical analysis of core samples.
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Crosshole Seismic: Features of the Initial Models Design
Authors A.N. Oshkin, M.A. Shishkina and V.A. StruchkovSummary“Crosshole seismic (CS) survey is a reliable and informative method of investigation of geological media, being a leading and sometimes unique geophysical method in geological-engineering researches.
However, there is a pitfall in processing of CS data: correctness of result model urgently depends on the correctness of input data.
Examples of CS engineering researches are considered. The main aim is to investigate dependence of the results of first breaks tomography on the initial model choice. Use of homogeneous velocity model is shown to lead often to artifact results. It is necessary to consider all a priory information, including velocities, calculated for the pairs of sources and receivers at the nearly same depths, and different wave types. Presence of contrast velocity boundaries in the lower part of investigated media and, as a rule, the first break of the head waves is shown to result in incorrect definition of velocities in the upper part. To solve this problem, the 2-stage processing is suggested. First, it is carried out only for the upper part, dealing with direct waves. Then, inversion for the whole volume is performed, using in the initial model the result of the first stage. The approach is verified by numerical modeling.”
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Cross-Hole Shooting on Longitudinal and Shear Waves: an Example of Effective Usage of the Method
Authors A.N. Oshkin, N.A. Ragozin, V.I. Ignatev, A.I. Konkov and R.Y. ErmakovSummaryThe paper describes an example of the implementation of cross-hole shooting for pressure and shear waves at the site of proposed construction of Nuclear Power Plant “Paks-2” (Hungary). The correponding research was carried out by specialists of Institute «Orgenergostroy» (Moscow, Russia) with technical support of LLC “Geodevice” (Saint Petersburg, Russia). Based on the comparision of combined seismograms it was concluded that method had demonstrated the best results at distances between wells 25–27 m.
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GPR Survey of Structural Layers of a Road Tunnel Carriageway
Authors V.A. Yavna, K.M. Ermolov, V.L. Shapovalov, M.V. Okost and A.V. MorozovSummaryA method for determining the refractive indices of the structural layers of road tunnel carriageways in the microwave range (1200–1700MHz) is proposed. The method is based on the processing of the GPR data. The method is employed to study the thickness of structural layers and to determine the invert volume moisture. We propose a GPR experiment and the GPR data processing method for determining the refractive index of layered structures in general.
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The Study of Soil Electrical Resistivity Changes According to the Electrical Electrometric Monitoring Results Near Volokolamsk
Authors I.N. Modin, M.I. Bogdanov, M.A. Kompaniec and A.B. SimonovSummaryThe two-piece array was used to observe resistivity changes during 2 months. There are 10 current electrodes AB in the first segment and 10 measuring electrodes MN in the second segment. The AB line is established parallel to the MN line. The distance between the two lines is about 2.5 m. The electrode step is 1 m. 45 combinations of AB electrodes and the 9 MN dipoles were used during the current generation. Each measurement was repeated 3 times. Thus a single cycle (shoot) consisted of 1215 measurements. Shoots were repeated every 3 hours. All receiver electrodes are provided with digital thermometers. The beginning of the measurements was in a warm weather with temperature +5C. The end of the measurements took place, when the temperature dropped be-low −10C. The monitoring results show that after the formation of the snow cover real values Umn/Iab are independent from air temperature. However, there is a stable inverse relationship Umn/Iab with electrical field sensor temperature.
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GPR Monitoring of the Process of Strengthening the Railway Track Ballast with a Polymer Binder
Authors V.A. Yavna, A.A. Kruglikov, Y.M. Ermolov and V.L. ShapovalovSummaryThe work reports on the GPR technology for determining the thickness of geocomposite formed in the railway track ballast shoulder upon polymerization of two-component polyurethane-based binder «RT-CS-001» introduced into ballast material.
It is shown that when the ballast voids are not filled with the polymer, visible depth of the contrast lower boundary of the ballast layer on a radargram is proportional to the thickness of the geocomposite formed.
Thus, the thickness of geocomposite can be determined by GPR using predetermined refractive indexes of ballast material and geocomposite.
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Improvement of Interpretation of the Monitoring Data Electrical Investigation by Means of the Theory of Estimates
Authors L.A. Hristenko, A.V. Kichigin, E.I. Parshakov, K.N. Shiryaev, Y.I. Stepanov and A.A. TainickiySummaryWithin the potentially hazardous area, on Verkhnekamskoe Deposit of salts, was performed detailed studies by the methods of the natural electric field and of the symmetric electric profiling. Qualitative interpretation of data the natural electric field and of the symmetric electric profiling implies the ambiguity of the conclusions on the existence and nature of the phenomena causing the variation in the observed parameters. For a clearer allocation of hidden patterns field amplitude changes previously were performed fast wavelet transform discrete values of the apparent resistivity. Statistical characteristics of parameters of geoelectric methods and the classification of multidimensional data on formal grounds will give the opportunity provide to increase the reliability of allocation zones geological complications
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Seismic CDP Profiling in Wells
Authors I. Sanfirov, A. Babkin and T. BaybakovaSummaryWell seismic observations procedure with using CDP acquisition system was proposed. Shot and receiver lines are in different special wells, well sparker is using. Main target in wave field is reflections moving in horizontal direction. It is assumed that these reflections connect with local vertical inhomogeneities. Vertical direction fracture zones are in water protective pillar of potash deposit for example. Results of such kind observations for one of the earth surface fast subsiding area on flooded salt mine territory are presented.
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The Test Results of the Seismic Monitoring Systems State of Stability of the Rock Mass in the Process of Construction of Road Tunnels in China
Authors V.B. Pisetski, R. Huang, Y.V. Patrushev, A. E. Zudilin, I.V. Schneider, M.P. Shirobokov and V.Y. BalakinSummaryThe report discusses the results of the test systems seismic monitoring of rock mass in the process of penetration road tunnel in China. Test system MIKON-GEO (LLC Ingorteh, RF), TRT 6000 (Procedia Engineering, USA, China), TST 303 (Amberg Measuring Technique, Switzerland). According to the results made all the systems tests forecasts to detect karst cavities and therefore the water saturation of the array at a distance of 200 m ahead of the tunnel face. After the tests, carried out excavation of the tunnel and made conclusions on the reliability of forecasts, the advantages and disadvantages of test systems and data processing methods.
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Concept, System Solutions and the Results of Geotechnical Monitoring and Forecasting of Hazardous Geodynamic Phenomena in the Processes of Underground Mining
Authors V.B. Pisetski, S.V. Kornilkov, A.D. Sashurin, E.S. Lapin, S.E. Lapin and V.Y. BalakinSummaryThe problem of the establishment of effective monitoring systems and forecasting of dangerous dynamic phenomena in the rock mass in the process of underground construction. A promising approach to building security systems of mining is associated with seismic and air and gas resources assessment of the structure and parameters of the stress-strain state of the rock mass.
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Highway State Examination Based on Combined Application of Capacitive Coupled Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Ground-Penetrating Radar
Authors D.A. Lalomov and V.V. GlazunovSummaryКомплекс геофизических методов в составе георадиолокации и бесконтактной электротомографии рассмотрен в рамках решения задачи по обследованию автодорог. Выбор данного комплекса обосновывается результатами опытно-методических работ, выполненных на участке новой автодороги с асфальтовым покрытием. Показана эффективность выполнения георадиолокационого зондирования для перехода от временного георадиолокационного разреза к глубинному в условиях отсутствия априорной информации о разрезе. Результаты опытно-методических работ показывают, что комплекс электроразведочных методов, включающий электротомографию и георадиолокацию, помимо информации о строении автодороги, позволяет получать ценную количественную информацию о ее состоянии на основе расчета электрофизических параметров добротности и УЭС.
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