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16th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment
- Conference date: November 15-18, 2022
- Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
- Published: 15 November 2022
81 - 100 of 226 results
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The Results of Monitoring the Vertical Land Motion at the Geodynamic Polygons of Poltava Gravimetric Observatory
Authors V. G. Pavlyk, A. M. Kutnyi, T. M. Babych and O. V. BorysyukSummaryThe results of monitoring the vertical movements of the upper layer of the ground at the geodynamic polygons of the Poltava Gravimetric Observatory in 2001–2020 are presented. The main reason for the seasonal and slow variations of the land at the polygons are seasonal and slow changes in soil moisture and the level of groundwater. The magnitudes of seasonal vertical fluctuations differ significantly in different years and can reach 20 mm. The interpretation of high-precision observations of the vertical land motion must necessarily take into account the hydrological factor.
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Application of Remote Sensing and Atmogeochemical Methods for Assessing Prospects and Effective Planning of Oil-Gas Explorations
Authors O. T. Azimov, I. D. Bagriy and V. R. DubosarskySummaryA combination of research methods was carried out within the limits of the Svistunkivsko-Chervonolutska area of the Dnieper-Donets Depression, which included thematic interpretation of remote sensing data, the mapping of near-surface thermal, emanation and atmogeochemical anomalies, laboratory chromatographic analysis of collected gas samples as well as the problem-oriented interpretation of the obtained data. The aim of the research was to predict the oil and gas potential of the area, which may be associated with structural and non-structural traps, basing on the detection of modern geodynamically active zones of discontinuous faults of increased fluid permeability. The complex of works proved its effectiveness and promptness in studying the features of geofluidodynamics of the known and predicted disjunctive structures, differentiating them into fluid-conductive, with the development of fractured and deconsolidate rocks, as well as impermeable ones. Within the study area, nine oil and gas promising sections of complex shape have been scientifically substantiated and identified. The criterion for their distinguishing was the absence of anomalous fields proved by the results of the analyses of emanation, thermometric and atmogeochemical data. In addition to the distribution of lineament fields over the area, which are provided by the interpretation of remote sensing data is taken in consideration. An appropriate schematic map of the location of promising areas has been drawn up, which can form the basis for the further searches for oil and gas deposits.
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Satellite Monitoring of the Natural and Technogenic Events on the Left-Bank Pripyat Reclamation System of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone
Authors O. Azimov, O. Tomchenko, O. Shevchenko and Ye. DorofeySummaryThe relevance of the application of a set of terrestrial hydrological, radioecological and recent remote sensing methods in the process of monitoring studies for the areas, which are inaccessible, swampy, largely radionuclide contaminated is considered in a case study of the left-bank Pripyat drainage system within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ). The latest LANDSAT-7 and WorldView-2 images enable to receive the appropriate monitoring information regarding the spatio-temporal changes in the hydrological and radio-ecological situations at the interdam section (between the “old” and “new” left bank dams) and to the northeast of it within the Pripyat system. On the whole, the slight watering and swamping were emerged here after a number of hydrotechnical measures carried out for 2001–2015 and the implementation of management decisions regarding the form of operation of the corresponding water protection complex that proves their radioecological advisability and validity. Thus, the current situation shows the relative stabilization of 90Sr concentration in the surface runoff of the studied area of the CEZ.
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The Research of Transboundary Groundwater’s Resources within the Framework of the EU-WATERRES Project
Authors T. Solovey, A. Mienasova and M. KrochakSummaryStudies were conducted as part of the EU-WATERRES (EU-integrated management system of cross-border groundwater resources and anthropogenic hazards; www.eu-waterres.eu) project, funded by the EEA and Norway Grants Fund for Regional Cooperation. The project aims to increase the capacity of public institutions to manage transboundary groundwater resources by creating an integrated information platform, introducing new data analysis tools and solutions for coordinated management and integrated groundwater protection.
As part of the assessment of the resources of transboundary groundwater reservoirs, an analysis of hydrogeological conditions in the entire border section was presented on the basis of integrated data between neighboring countries. As a result, target areas of detailed modeling studies with significant transboundary flow in usable aquifers were identified and the first conceptual hydrogeological model of TBAs was developed.
As part of the assessment of transboundary groundwater flows, the extent of the area particularly sensitive to transboundary impacts on groundwater was presented. The structure of TBAs and the spatial distribution of its basic hydrogeological parameters were visualized -the coefficient of filtration, alimentation, piezometric surfaces. The developed maps, calculation and simulation results will ultimately be used to solve problems related to the ownership, use, access and protection of transboundary groundwater resources in the pilot border areas.
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Optimization of Data Sets and Improvement of Methods for Calculating the Soil Brightness Index
Authors O. Hordiienko, O. Trofymchuk, Y. Anpilova, Y. Butenko, O. Oboznyi and P. HilmanSummaryThis paper considers the possibility and briefly describes the process of creating a soil brightness index for the territory of Italy. The difficulty of creating such datasets is that it is necessary to use the entire time series of satellite images. The soil brightness index is calculated for bare soil, the complex task of masking is described in this paper. The authors suggest how the calculations can be simplified and briefly describe the creation of the dataset.
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Monitoring of the Radioecological State of the Atmospheric Air using the Ground Survey and Multispectral Satellite Imaging Data during Wildfires
Authors O. T. Azimov, S. I. Kireev, O. V. Tomchenko and D. M. VeremenkoSummaryThe features of radionuclide redistribution in the landscape components within the Exclusion Zone of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP), caused by the wildfires are considered. The urgency of improvement for the existing structure of the fire protection monitoring within the Zone area, the need for developing and adapting the efficient method and creation of information-analytical modelling system of prediction, the revealing and controlling the wildfires using remote sensing data (RSD) are argued. The examples of realization of the methodical techniques of the spatial-temporal, radiological and ecological monitoring for the localized areas conditions within the Zone damaged by the wildfire in 2020 using the suite of ground and remote sensing data are represented. In particular, the size of the area of burned forest in the near zone of the ChNPP and the dynamics of overgrowing the corresponding area with the different types of vegetation during 2020, using the RSE data were determined. Based on the results of the ground-based automated radiation control system in the monitoring mode, the radionuclide content, i.e. 137Cs and 90Sr in the surface air layer of the Zone was determined.
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Temporal Analysis of the Long-Term Hydrogeological Monitoring Data of the Carpathian Region (Ukraine)
Authors M. Yershov, L. Davybida and L. ShtohrynSummaryThis research investigates the temporal patterns of trends in time series data of hydrogeological monitoring posts located within the Carpathian region, which is a transboundary territory of Ukraine. The temporal trends were analyzed using autocorrelation, regression and spectral analysis. The obtained temporal patterns and trends may help the water resource managers to improve the hydrogeological monitoring network in the study region.
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About Prospects of Oil and Gas Potential of the South-Eastern Part of Volyno-Podillia (Results of Interpretation Gravimetric Materials along Seismic Profiles)
Authors S. Anikeyev, B. Hablovskyi, S. Rozlovska and I. PiatkovskaSummaryThe insufficient study of Paleozoic and Mesozoic deposits in the southeast part of Volyno-Podillia plate led to the use of gravimetric data for the study of fault tectonics and the identification of promising oil and gas objects.
According to the results of seismic research, several lens-shaped objects identified with Ordovician deposits filling the depressed areas of Cambrian relief were identified on the Davideny square.
The research is based on geological-gravity modeling as a method of quantitative interpretation of the Bouguer gravity anomalies, to obtain an optimal geodensity model of the geological section. The gravity inversion solution based on regional seismic profiles is obtained on the basis of a priori models, the structure of which is the geometry of seismogeological models and is consistent with gravity field anomalies using simple matching methods.
Density models built as a result of geological and gravimetric modeling on profiles R-5 and R-10 confirm the possibility of filling paleovalleys with Ordovician terrigenous sediments on the erosional surface of the paleo-relief.
Therefore, prospects of traditional oil and gas prospects of the structural type can be associated with Ordovician and Cambrian deposits. It is assumed that oil and gas objects are also present in the raised areas of Paleozoic strata in the southeastern part of Volyno-Podillia.
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Dynamics of the Content of Mobile Forms of Zinc on Agricultural Lands of the Poltava Region (Ukraine)
By S. P. LashkoSummaryCartograms and diagrams of the content of mobile forms of zinc on agricultural lands of the Poltava region (Ukraine), as well as the dynamics of this indicator in short-term and long-term retrospectives (8–10 rounds of agrochemical survey) were constructed and analyzed. The analysis was carried out taking into account the so-called “control-dynamic (insignificant) deviation” values of ± 0.10 mg/kg of soil, which is not taken into account. Six districts of the region were identified, which are characterized by a stable tendency to decrease the content of mobile forms of zinc in the soil in the long-term retrospective (Lohvytsia, Hadiach, Kotelva, Novi Sanzhary, Semenivka, Velyka Bahachka districts). According to the indicator of the deficiency of mobile forms of zinc (mainly 63.8–78.8%), the state of agricultural lands of the Poltava region is determined to be critically low.
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Determination of Physicochemical Indicators Background Concentrations and Development of Type-Specific Classification Tables for Surface Water Bodies
Authors N. M. Osadcha, O. O. Ukhan, Yu. A. Luzovitska, L. A. Kovalchuck and D. O. KlebanovSummaryIntensive economic activity in river basins leads to significant pollution and deterioration of water quality. Ecological water management strategy aims at achieving the Water Framework Directive (WFD, EC, 2000) “Good” ecological status/potential of all water bodies based on biological, hydromorphological, chemical, and physicochemical quality elements.
Each country towards the main goal of water management is required to establish national standards for chemical, and physicochemical quality elements that would be support a “Good” ecological status.
Two commonly used approaches have been proposed to derive physicochemical criteria:
- percentile analysis;
- pressure-response relationships.
The first is insufficiently rigorous and the second requires a long field survey investigation.
Surface water monitoring correspond to the requirements of the WFD has begun in Ukraine 2 years ago. It was necessary to establish national target limits for the first assessing the water bodies ecological status. Our work aimed at the establishing background concentrations of physicochemical and basin specific indicators and the development of classification tables for each type of surface water bodies. Two different methods were proposed. The first used the target curve of water flow availability and the second concerned the deconvolution of actual concentration into natural and anthropogenic component based on the theory of random processes.
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To the Assessment Reference Seismic Models of the Earth from the Perspective of the Gravity Field
Authors P. Pigulevskyy and L. ShumlianskaSummaryObtained the basic gravitational effect from the Earth’s crust, upper and lower mantle for our further calculations, and fixed the gravity value for the core at 367,108 mGal, which is 614,550.94 mGal. The observed gravitational field from the Earth’s crust and upper mantle ultimately amounts to 171479.84 mGal. This value is proposed to be used as a reference level (“unique” conditional level) for calculation fields when the tectonics of the Earth’s crust and the upper mantle of the geostructures of Ukraine are studied.
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Consideration of Environmental Risks in Nature Management Projects
Authors L. R. Volk, N. A. Frolenkova, A. M. Rokochinskiy and P. P. VolkSummarySolving the problem of global climate change requires the development and implementation of adaptation strategies. These strategies will be able to increase productivity, efficiency, and profitability, primarily of agricultural production as an important component of nature management. Taking into account the specific features of the implementation of projects in the fields of nature management, the concept of environmental risk has become extremely popular at the current stage. Based on the analysis of the content of various types of environmental risk, it is substantiated that the weather-climatic risk is decisive at the stage of planning project decisions. Because meteorological conditions determine the results of economic activity within the project. The economic content of such a risk reflects the absolute or relative deviation of the actual effect according to the design decision variant from the potentially possible value, as a result of the discrepancy between real meteorological conditions and optimal conditions. The proposed approaches were tested during the planning of the project for the reconstruction of the reclamation system in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine.
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About Search for Sources of Drinking Water on Zmeinyy Island
Authors V. Svistun and P. PigulevskiySummaryCurrently, active hostilities related to Russian aggression are taking place on the territory of Ukraine. The Zmeinyy Island, which has the great importance for the maritime economic zone of Ukraine, is no exception. The island is located 40 km east of the mouth of the river. Danube. In connection with its demilitarization and economic restoration, the problem of household and drinking water supply will become acute. Therefore, the search for drinking groundwater and the drilling of exploration and production boreholes will be a very important issue. Our report briefly reviews the results of complex geological and geophysical studies carried out by the Dnepropetrovsk geophysical expedition “Dneprogeofizika” on the island in 2002.
Detailed integrated geophysical surveys to study the geological and hydrogeological structure of the island Zmeinyy included: gravimetric observations on a network of 20 x 10 m, magnetometric - 10 x 5 m and electrometric (DUS-IP) - 40 x 5 m. According to the results of geological and geophysical studies, the presence of three water-bearing strata in the depth intervals was established: 38.0 – 54.6 m; 57.6 – 74.0 m; 80.8 – 109.4 g. Drilled three wells No. 1; 2; 4 have a fresh water flow rate of up to 10 m3 per day each. For the physical and chemical control of the selected water samples, the wells were equipped with special autonomous sensors, which showed that the breach of the natural regime of the island’s groundwater occurs during the constant exploitation of well No. 2. An analysis of the initial data of daily observations of the dynamic and physicochemical parameters of groundwater indicates that the anthropogenic factor makes a significant contribution to the formation of the hydrodynamic, temperature, and hydrochemical regimes of the island.
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Geophysical and Geotechnical Assessment of the Landslide Hazard on the Northern Slope of Starokyivska Hora in Kyiv
Authors O. Ivanik, K. Hadiatska, D. Bozhezha, R. Khomenko, V. Shevchuk and K. BondarSummaryGeological and geoelectrical and ground-penetrating radar studies were carried out on the northern slope of Starokyivska Hora in Kyiv, aside the building of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine. Deterministic modeling has been used to calculate the stability of the slope. The instability is indicated by the presence of cracks on the facade of the Museum`s building, the presence of puncture cracks within the slope according to the ERT results, and the calculated critical value of the factor of safety (FoS = 0.989) - under conditions of significant water saturation of the loess-like sandy loam horizon, on which the foundation of the Museum is actually laid. Such conditions may occur due to leakage from water supply and drain network of the Museum.
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Geoinformation Technology of Temperature Mapping of Dumps based on Remote Sensing of the Earth
Authors A. Andreiev, O. Azimov, O. Shevchuk and O. TomchenkoSummaryOn an example of the Zdolbuniv municipal solid waste dump (the Rivne region, Ukraine) shows the informativeness of using the proposed methodology for monitoring the temperature regimes of waste disposal facilities. The capabilities of the Google Earth Engine web platform were used, and the developed fire monitoring algorithm was implemented based on the use of a set of images from the Landsat-8 spacecraft. The values of the temperature of the earth’s surface were calculated based on the data of the thermal channel Thermal Infrared (TIRS) 1, 10.6–11.19 μm. In the research area, four different types of objects on the earth’s surface were studied: a landfill and a quarry of construction materials located nearby, a forest massif and agricultural land. It was established that during 2013–2022, as of specific calendar dates, no significant temperature anomalies were recorded both at the landfill and at other objects adjacent to it. The maximum surface temperature at one of the sites of the landfill was found as of August 6, 2017, which reached a value of 38.1°C. Therefore, no significant fires due to spontaneous combustion of garbage at the Zdolbuniv facility, which would have occurred for a long time (several days) according to the data of space photography, have been recorded.
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Implementation of the System of Environmental Monitoring of Dumps by using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
By O. ShevchukSummaryThe application of remote methods of studying the state of solid waste dumps is an effective tool for their monitoring. Using the example of the Zdolbunivsky solid waste dump, the informativeness of deciphering its maps and adjacent areas based on UAV shooting data is shown. The method of obtaining aerial photographs and their subsequent processing by means of photogrammetry is the most effective way of obtaining geospatial information. Its main advantage is the minimization of fieldwork and the speed of obtaining information.
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The Anthropogenic Factors Influence on the Water Balance of the Udy Catchments (The Siverskyi Donets Sub-Basin)
Authors H. Bolbot, O. Lukianets, V. Grebin and O. LobodzinskyiSummaryTaking into account both global climate change and the level of anthropogenic load, the annual dynamics of the water balance elements of the Udy River Basin (Siverskyi Donets River Basin) were evaluated. Using Konstantinov’s method, the amount of evapotranspiration for two defined periods (1961–1990 and 1991–2020) was calculated for the two invedtigated catchments of the Udy River, which are closed by two hydrological gauges – Peresichne and Bezliudivka. According to this, the water balance closure errors were calculated and it was established that the calculations are representative. The average annual temperature of the Udy River Basin increased by 1,2° C between the periods. The annual precipitation increased insignificantly, but there was a redistribution of it during the year. The amount of evapotranspiration has increased in the present period. Global climate change led to the fact that the average annual river runoff decreased and the most significant decrease in the annual distribution was the spring flood. Differences in the distribution of hydrometeorological characteristics for the catchments with different degrees of anthropogenic load were revealed. Using the water balance method, the impact of economic activity on the river basin runoff and water balance elements redistribution was assessed. The impact of anthropogenic factors on the Udy River catchments water balance was analyzed.
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Materials of Remote Sensing of the Earth in Solution of Environmental Problems of Deforestation of the Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors O. V. Kysil, T. M. Kurach, V. I. Ostroukh and I. O. PidlisetskaSummaryThe methods of satellite imagery for observation and study of the territory, the method of identification of forest massifs in spaceborne photography, and ecological problems due to deforestation are considered. The results of deforestation of the territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians are visualized for different dates. Vegetation indices (NDVI) were calculated. An animation sequence was created for a selected area of the forest of the Ukrainian Carpathians from 2017 to 2022.
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Risks Caused by Abandoned Mining Facilities in the Context of Environmental Surface Water Assessment by the Example of the Basin Mining Area
By S. KosharnaSummaryAcid mine drainage is one of the reasons of significant changes in the levels of saline, specific, ecological and sanitary indicators of surface water bodies, their extent of acidity, active degradation of surrounding vegetation and development of erosion processes. The permanent ecosystem’s imbalance, in particular of the water one, as well as the need for regular budget allocations to prevent an increase of environmental risks demonstrates the imperfection of existing system of post-mining territories’ restoration measures implementation. Based on the analysis of monitoring data for the recent years, a conceptual risk model regarding investigated natural-technogenic interactions was created; temporal changes in the quality characteristics of surface waters, which are in direct contact with abandoned mines were updated; the absence (at the current stage) of a sufficient level of effectiveness of taken measures, for territory’s full rehabilitation was proved. On the basis of the obtained results, a theory regarding the complex approach use with the main focus not only on the reduction of pollution volumes, but also the restoration of assimilative capacity of the territory, which was disturbed during the mining facilities’ operation was suggested.
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Evolution of Chemical and Mineral Composition and Adsorption Capacity of Natural Bentonites in the Course of Simultaneous Ozonation of the Bentonite and Drain Water from Nuclear Power Plants
Authors B. Shabalin, K. Yaroshenko, O. Lavrynenko and N. MitsiukSummaryA combined process of oxidative decomposition of organic components of a simulated nuclear power plant (NPP) drain water solution and adsorption of main dose-forming radionuclide imitators on natural Cherkasy bentonites in presence of sorption-reagent compounds – iron (II) and manganese (II) salts has been studied. The chemical composition of the main elements of bentonite after its simultaneous ozonation with the simulated NPP drain water solution and iron and manganese salts additives has not changed considerably. Though playing an accessory role in the sorption processes, iron (II) and manganese (II) salts can block active sorption centres of bentonite at high concentrations.
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