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16th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment
- Conference date: November 15-18, 2022
- Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
- Published: 15 November 2022
1 - 50 of 226 results
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The Centralized Water Supply of Kyiv Is 150 Years Old (1872–2022) - the Importance of the Dnipro and Desna Rivers
Authors V. K. Khilchevskyi, L. V. Plichko and M. R. ZabokrytskaSummaryThe publication reflects the role of the Dnipro and Desna rivers in the water supply of Kyiv. In 2022, the Kyiv water supply system, built in 1872 with water intake from the Dnipro River, will be 150 years old. During this time, the role of the Dnipro changed - the share of groundwater in the water supply of the city grew, and subsequently the Desna River. In 1939, the Dnipro waterworks was built, which is still in operation today (design capacity 600 thousand m3/day). In 1961 the Desnianska waterworks was built (1080 thousand m3/day). The design capacity of the artesian water pipeline is 420 thousand m3/day.
In recent years, the average daily water supply in Kyiv is 700–720 thousand m3/day. The share of city water supply sources is as follows: Desna River - 66%; the Dnipro River - 25%; artesian waters - 9%. The highest specific indicator of the use of drinking water in Kyiv per capita was in 1991 - 588 l/day/person. Calculations show that in 2020 it decreased by 2.7 times. (219 l/day/person). An important role was played by the increase in tariffs for water supply.
The centralized water supply of the city also implies a centralized sewage disposal system. The Bortnitska aeration station, which built in 1965, receives 100% of the city’s wastewater with the discharge of treated wastewater in the Dnipro River below Kyiv. The Dnipro and Desna rivers play an extraordinary role in the water supply of the capital. The Dnipro remains the hydrographic axis of Kyiv.
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Regularities of Changes in the Recreation Ecosystems’ Quality Parameters in Space
Authors L. Arkhypova, M. Korchemluk, L. Horoshkova, Ie. Khlobystov and Yu. StakhmychSummaryOur study of the Danube hydro-ecosystems of the Carpathian region using of the integrated natural water quality assessment resulted in obtaining the functional dependencies between quality indicator and altitude. For the first time, the regularities of changes in the ecosystems’ quality parameters in space were established by means of developing functional dependences among the ecological standard values of the composite quality indicators of natural waters and the river length and terrain altitude, and performing the statistical processing of the database containing the results of the quality monitoring observations of the upper reaches of the Danube ecosystems in the Ukrainian Carpathians for the period from begin 21 st. The obtained dependencie and map can be used for the Carpathian region as the territorial background standard values of the ecological state indicators of basin ecosystems, which will help to scientifically substantiate the ecologically safe values of the anthropogenic pressure.
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Optimization of Geoecological Monitoring in the Post-War Period
Authors V. Samoilenko, L. Bilous, O. Havrylenko and I. DibrovaSummaryAn optimized architecture of geoecological monitoring (GEM) was developed for the postwar period, based on the studied regularities of the stochastic structure inherent in various natural geosystems and the analyzed methods of observing their state. Geoecological monitoring is generally considered as a multi-purpose model geoinformation system with a corresponding physical network for observing, evaluating and forecasting the state of natural geosystems with the creation and maintenance of spatial data bases with factographic geoecological information. The purpose of GEM functioning is identification of sources causing geo-negative, in particular war-induced, impact on geosystems and supporting the adoption of post-war geo-rehabilitation and environmental decisions. The content of functional, taxon and different-level structural subsystems of geoecological monitoring is outlined. Peculiarities of taxon and functional categories of geomonitoring, as well as its types and modes, are given. A specific detail of the geomonitoring architecture is the presence of a criterion sub-unit, which contains classification features for choosing the composition and priority of any subsystems of such monitoring in the post-war period. These features include the rank and type of natural geosystems, dominant sources of anthropogenic, in particular, military impact on geosystems, and other functional-operational features. Criteria for the geoecological monitoring effectiveness are formulated.
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Characteristics of Monitoring and Mitigation of Water Resources Clay Particles Pollution by ζ-Potential Research
Authors A. P. Onanko, O. P. Dmytrenko, T. M. Pinchuk-Rugal, Y. A. Onanko, D. V. Charnyi and A. A. KuzmychSummaryHostilities leads to damage or destruction of hydrotechnical structures, as well as riverbeds are disturbance. This leads to turbidity of clay particles contained in surface waters. As a result, the load on sewage treatment plants increases, which can also be damaged as a result of hostilities. This leads to a deterioration in the level of providing the civilian population with clean water. A mathematical model of clay particles monitoring and retention by polystyrene foam from an aqueous suspension due to the phenomenon of electrostatic adsorption has been developed. Its adequacy was checked using experimental studies of the ζ-potential of the adsorbent and adsorbate. The factors affecting intensity of the process of water purification from clay particles at different year seasons by filtration through granular media have been studied and analyzed. The effectiveness of polystyrene foam at different stages of the process of filtering an aqueous suspension containing clay particles was investigated. The dependence of the intensity of retention of colloids of mineral origin by polystyrene foam filter media granules on the value of their ζ-potential was determined.
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Contribution of Individual Organic Mass Components in Carbonization and Metamorphic Transformations of Coals
Authors V. Tarasov, M. Antoshchenko, Y. Rudniev, T. Khalyavka and O. ZakharovaSummaryRanking the main components of organic mass by them fraction participation in carbonization allowed to determine narrower ranges of carbon change, where distinguishing features of seven stages of metamorphic transformations were established. The relationship between the direct change in the content of organic mass components and the fraction of their influence on the metamorphic transformations of coals was established, which will increase the level of predicting the dangerous properties of mine layers. The distinguishing features of metamorphic transformations in selected ranges of carbon content increase according to coal ranking by content of component of organic mass elemental composition were established. The relationships of organic mass components, which are one of the main criteria for dangerous characterization of mine layers during mining were noted. It was showed, that the choice of parameters that determine the produce of mine layers dangerous properties should be based on principles that differ from the regilations of the modern classification by genetic and technological parameters.
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Developing the Ukrainian Hydrological Terminology as a Component of Water-Related Activity and its Integration with the International Professional Community
Authors V. O. Manukalo and V. V. GrebinSummaryThe important factor that determines a level of professional training of specialists in various fields of activity is a mastery of scientific terminology. The formation of the Ukrainian scientific language took place under unfavorable conditions of statelessness, which for a long time made a formation of a national scientific terminology impossible. Since the period of the Ukrainian Independence significant works have been carried out in the country on the development of scientific terminology in the field of activities related to a study, use and protection of surface waters. However, providing scientists and practitioners with scientific and reference literature, which expand using boundaries of the Ukrainian language and contribute to an inclusion of international established terms in the national terminology system, lags behind today’s requirements. The article briefly describes the history of formation and work on developing the Ukrainian scientific terminology in hydrology and hydrochemistry, which has been carried out at the Department of Hydrology and Hydroecology of the Faculty of Geography of the Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University and at the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, in particular, the publication of the Hydrological Dictionary (2022) and the Hydrochemical Dictionary (2022) and work on a new edition of the State Standard of Ukraine “Hydrology of the Land. Basic terms and definitions”.
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Influence of the Rock Anisotropy Index on the Regime and Technological Parameters of Drilling
Authors Ya. M. Femiak, Ya. M. Kochkodan, A. I. Vasko, L. R. Yurych and Kh. A. VaskoSummaryOn the basis of the conducted analytical studies, a dependence for determining the drilling anisotropy index when drilling in inclined formations was obtained. The drilling index of anisotropy was analytically determined based on industrial data for different deposits and areas. Based on the results of experimental studies of the strength characteristics of rock samples, the drilling index of anisotropy was determined. Analyzing the results of laboratory studies, it was found that the values of the drilling anisotropy index, determined experimentally, practically coincide with those calculated analytically. With a known drilling anisotropy index, bottomhole assembly, well geometry, and formation inclination, the WOB can be determined.
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Environmental Sustainability: Economical and Organizational Aspects of WEF Nexus
Authors L. Kuzmych and A. YakymchukSummaryThe relationship between the main components of the life chain - water-energy-consumption according to the concept of environmental sustainability was investigated. According to the analysis, the balance between production and consumption is disturbed in the world, which is caused by wars, economic recession, poverty, and in some countries, famine. The Russian war aggression in Ukraine had a devastating effect on the supply of grain and other crops to countries that are still developing. All this indicates the need for new ways of obtaining food, new technologies for water purification and economy of consumption in the world. Humanity needs solutions to such vital problems as drinking water and food. After all, their lack affects the state of health of the population, increasing the level of morbidity and epidemics, including during the spread of a pandemic. The economic costs of improving water and energy supply are steadily increasing, both in poor and developed countries. Therefore, cooperation of all states and their governments in forming the water-energy- food balance is important today.
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The Study of Group of Shatsk Lakes (BNDVI index) During the Season of Minimum Recreational Load - 2022
Authors V. K. Khilchevskyi, L. V. Plichko, M. R. Zabokrytska and M. P. PasichnykSummaryThis study is devoted to the study of the state of the surface of the Svityaz and Pisochne lakes in the summer of 2022, when due to the military aggression of Russia against Ukraine (began on February 24, 2022) and the threat of attack from Belarus, the smallest influx of tourists to the Shatsk Lakes was observed in recent decades. The purpose of the study is study the distribution of phytoplankton biomass in the Svityaz and Pisochne lakes in the summer period of 2022 and compare it with the long-term period (1993–2021) using the Blue Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (BNDVI). This is achieved through the ratio of spectral bands highlighting areas covered with algae on the surface of the water in satellite images. The study of the state of the surface of the water area of the Svityaz and Pisochne lakes using BNDVI for 1993–2022 showed the presence of phytoplankton biomass on satellite images of the summer period. In 2022, with a significant decrease in the number of tourists, the state of the surface of the water area improved. On Svityaz, there was a decrease in the area occupied by algae by 55% comparing to the average annual, and on Pisochne - by 31%. The study of the surface of the water area of lakes in summer using the BNDVI can be recommended as a method for preliminary assessment of the ecological state of aquatic ecosystems.
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Geoecological Monitoring of Urban Wetlands for the Purpose of their Protection (by the Case of Sovski Ponds in Kyiv)
Authors O. Havrylenko, Ye. Tsyhanok, P. Shyshchenko, V. Samoilenko and L. BilousSummaryThe purpose of this study is to identify the causes of degradation and the main stress factors of urban impact on the wetlands of the Sovky tract in the city Kyiv and to justify the need of creating a protected area there. In order to achieve the goal, we investigated the geoecological state of the tract for ten years, analysed 100 water samples from Sovski ponds, identified the main sources of contamination of reservoirs and adjacent territory and proposed the urgent measures to restore and preserve valuable urban wetlands. During the research, we revealed a steady trend of increasing concentrations of nitrites (NO2-N), nitrates (NO3-N) and phosphates (PO4) in Sovski ponds. It was established that the main sources of contamination of reservoirs by biogenic substances are the untreated storm sewer drains and motor-car washings located along nearly the entire perimeter of the Sovky tract. During the studied period, the stress factors of the urban impact on wetland ecosystems were strengthening systematically, that stipulated the increase of chemical and noise contamination, clogging with household and construction waste, disturbance of the soil cover and destruction of natural habitats of plants and animals. In order to stop the degradation and to preserve the unique urban wetlands, we have offered to include them in the complement of the Nature Reserve Fund of Kyiv, in particular, to create a Regional Landscape Park within the studied territory. We drew up a functional zoning scheme of the proposed protected area in the Sovky tract based on the geoecological monitoring results, that will provide its protection from the potential building, clogging and further degradation.
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Environmental Management of Local Communities Based on Energy Modernization in the Field of Housing and Communal Services
Authors M. Bieloborodova, A. Bessonova, S. Bessonova and L. YurchishinaSummaryThe issue of outdoor lighting improvement to reduce the environmental burden in industrial cities and is explored. It is proposed to substantiate the expediency of outdoor lighting networks energy modernization (on the example of Kamianske, Dnipro region) in order to provide city residents with quality outdoor lighting services, increase public safety by effectively illuminating urban space, reducing environmental impact (i.e., reducing light pollution and CO2 emissions into the atmosphere) by optimizing the consumption of energy resources. The previous socio-economic conditions and the volume of energy consumption of the city during 2012–2020 were studied. In order to substantiate the economic efficiency of the project, electrical measurements were used in outdoor lighting control units, measurements of the illumination level of the representative streets were held. Energy modernization with the transfer of outdoor lighting to renewable energy sources (solar panels) with the installation of remotely controlled LED lamps will reduce the actual energy consumption of the city network by 6–7 times, while reducing the estimated emissions of CO2 by 6,215 tons per year. It has been determined that the implementation of the project will save up to 1.8 GW of electricity in street lighting systems compared to the expected total consumption.
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Organic Pollutants Removal from Wastewater in Rubizhne City, Ukraine
Authors I. A. Farbun, I. A. Kovalchuk, T. A. Khalyavka, M. M. Tsyba and S. V. CamyshanSummaryA significant excess of the permissible concentrations limit of nitro- and amino products, phenols, mineral salts at the surface and underground waters near the Rubizhne city was determined. It is related with the tailings of the aniline enterprise «Rubizhansky Krasitel». The sorption method was proposed for the removal organic dyes from «Rubizhansky» waste collector wastewater. For this purpose the low-cost materials – clay minerals of the Cherkasy deposit of Ukraine montmorillonite (MMT) and palygorskite (PG) were used. MMT and PG were modified by quaternary ammonium cation hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA). It was found by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption that the clays modification leads to the decrease of the specific surface area. At the same time, the micropores are almost completely filled and the structure of the samples is meso- and macroporous. It was found that natural MMT and PG are not suitable for the removal of organic pollutants from wasterwater, the treatment efficiency is 4.8% and 5.9%, respectively. Modification of MMT and PG by HDTMA leads to significant (16–19 times) increase of sorption capacity, the purification efficiency is 91.6% and 96.5%. Thus, the modified HDTMA clay minerals montmorillonite and palygorskite are promising adsorbents for successful wasterwater purification from organic pollutants.
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Assessment of Seasonal and Long-term Dynamics of the State of Water Bodies Using the NDTI
Authors L. Plichko, V. Zatserkovnyi, I. Tsiupa, N. Tarasova and A. MienasovaSummaryThe paper considers studies of the Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI) used to assess the state of water bodies in the Chernihiv region. As a result of assessing the seasonal and long-term dynamics of the state of Starukha Lake and the Blyznytsay Pond using the NDTI was found that during 2015–2021 natural eutrophication processes occurred due to an increase in temperature in the summer months, silting of both water bodies, shallowing and overgrowing of the bog vegetation. The use of remote methods for studying the dynamics of the state of water bodies is a good alternative to field measurements, since they can record both spatial and temporal changes in the levels of turbidity in water bodies.
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River Basins Districts of Ukraine – Comparison with the Map of Russia’s Armed Aggression (Summer 2022)
Authors V. K. Khilchevskyi, V. V. Grebin and H. V. BolbotSummaryPresident of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyi noted that as of June 2, 2022, the Russian troops controlled about 20% of the territory of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to assess - which Ukrainian river basin districts or their parts had been falling into the territory controlled by the Russian troops in summer 2022? A hydrographic zoning of the territory of Ukraine and an interactive map of the Institute for the Study of War (USA) were used for the research. As of August 1, 2022, out of the 9 river basin districts in Ukraine some territories were occupied. The River Basin District of the Crimea (since 2014) and the River Basin District of the Sea of Azov coast (since March 2022) entirely remained in the territory controlled by the Russian troops. It was determined that about 69% of the Don River Basin District, 22% of the River Basin District of the Black Sea coast and 6% of the Dnieper River Basin District were occupied as of the beginning of August.
Of the large rivers in the territory controlled by the Russian troops in summer 2022, a significant part of the Siverskyi Donets River Basin (Donbas region) was revealed. From among the canals, there were fully occupied the North Crimean and the Kakhovka Main Canals and a part of the Siverskyi Donets-Donbas Canal. Among the large reservoirs, there was invaded the lower part of the Kakhovka Reservoir (with the HPP).
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Cold Waves in Ukraine in Cold Season 2011–2020
Authors D. B. Pinchuk and V. I. ZatulaSummaryCold waves are dangerous natural phenomena affecting human activity. The purpose of work is the analysis of the characteristics of the current cold waves in Ukraine. The main research method is a climatological analysis of a significant decrease in air temperature during the cold season of 2011–2020. The main results were obtained on the basis of an analysis of the deviation of average daily air temperatures from the climatological normal of 1981–2010. The quantitative characteristics of cold waves are presented in a context of 10 cities of Ukraine.
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Methods of Applying the Theoretical-Empirical Predictive Technique for Increase the Efficiency of Hydrocarbon Exploration and Extraction
Authors L. V. Skakalska, A. V. Nazarevych and V. I. KosarchynSummaryThe general characteristics of the theoretical-empirical technique for predicting rocks’ oil-and-gas bearing in wells’ sections developed by us and the methods of its application for increase the efficiency of hydrocarbon exploration and extraction are presented. The technique is built as a system of theoretical and empirical relationships with the involvement of acoustic logging and core research data. Variants of predictive technique have been developed using gamma logging, electric logging and offset data. The program-algorithmic complex for a computer realization of the developed technique is created in the Fortran, C# and Excel software environments. Testing of the technique was carried out on the data of sections of a number of wells for the Lishchyns’ka, Buchachs’ka, Ludyns’ka, Zaluzhans’ka, Zarichnyans’ka, Nyklovyts’ka structures of the Western oil and gas region (WOGR) of Ukraine and reliable predicting results were obtained. Among the directions of the further development of the technique, methods of its application are presented for the assessment of fracturing and the determination of rock types in the layers of wells’ sections, which are important for predicting the oil and gas capacity and for further effective extraction of hydrocarbons. The results of the application of the technique are illustrated on the examples of data for 3- Buchats’ka, 28- Nyklovyts’ka wells and data from the parametric database for rock-collectors of the Western Ukraine.
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Assessment of the Possible Impact of Wind Generator Fire on the Environment
Authors Y. V. Ballo, A. V. Mykhailova, D.V. Sereda, I. G. Stylyk and O. O. SizikovSummaryA study of the assessment of the potential impact of a fire on the environment from a wind power generator in the event of an emergency situation, accompanied by its destruction with oil leakage, is presented. The initial data for the implementation of the scenario of a natural fire study were substantiated and the criteria for dangerous effects on the ecosystem were determined. On the basis of the real project and design parameters of the wind power generator, FDS simulation of the thermal impact on the environment in the event of the destruction of its support with subsequent spillage and burning of lubricant was carried out. The verification of the obtained theoretical temperature distributions in the soil and the obtained data based on the results of the field experiment was carried out, on the basis of which general conclusions were drawn. The verification of the obtained theoretical temperature distributions in the soil and the obtained data based on the results of the field experiment was carried out, on the basis of which general conclusions were drawn.
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The Results of Complex Geophysical Research Aimed at Increasing the Potential and Capacity of the Znamyansky Water Intake in the Kirovohrad Region
Authors G. Kalashnyk and A. KalashnykSummaryThe results of complex geophysical research on the site of works aimed at increasing the potential and capacity of the Znamyansky water intake are presented. A rational complex of geophysical research methods for searching for underground water is substantiated. Based on the results of the interpretation of geophysical data, recommendations were developed regarding the location of the optimal drilling points for additional exploratory and operational hydrogeological wells on the site of the works.
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Satellite and Hybrid Systems for Monitoring, Risk Minimization and Prevention
Authors O. Pidchosa and A. HundaSummaryThis paper discusses a concept of a sophisticated hybrid monitoring system, its core application and technological solutions. The operating model of the proposed system comprises such processes as collecting, transmitting, combining and processing data; transferring the aggregated data to consumers for further use.
A modular design principle enables optimization of production and operating costs of a data collection system; involvement of multiple channels of information transmission depending on the purposes and nature of the task to be performed. Modern drones and robots with a range of advanced characteristics (e.g., special optics, night vision systems, different sensors, etc.) installed for customized purposes, as well as orbital constellations of nanosatellites, can contribute to the improvement of operations, the quality and accuracy of data and the productivity of the entire hybrid system.
In the context of data transmission capabilities via a satellite channel, the Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is discussed. The principle of decentralization implies the establishment of a network of stations and drones interacting with each other without connecting to WiFi or a cellular network. A collaborative calculation feature of the proposed hybrid system enables the detection of dangerous phenomena and improvement of forecast accuracy, which is crucial for preventive measures and disaster management. Based on a cost-benefit analysis and economic, social and environmental implications, the authors consider a public-private partnership within the development of the proposed hybrid system an economically feasible solution.
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Application of GIS Methods and LANDSAT Satellite Data in Studies of Recreational Urban Space of Kyiv
Authors T. Kupach and S. DemianenkoSummaryThe landscape approach in the organization of urban spaces takes into account the principle of eco-friendliness. The ecological context of the organization of urban space refers to overcoming stressful climatic anomalies, which determines the preservation of areas with green plants, which become islands of freshness and comfort for citizens. The comfort of the urban environment is invested in understanding the improvement of health and recreation centers. In fact, all available areas with green plants (with the exception of those set aside for the protection zones of industrial and strategically important objects) become recreational areas of Kyiv: parks, forest and meadows parks, public squares and home grounds, strips of green plants along transport arteries such as boulevards and rest islands on the roads. Simple methods and procedures of GIS, satellite data of remote sensing of the earth’s surface allow monitoring of the urban environment for the purpose of its improvement and safety. The object of this research is the territory of the city of Kyiv for the purpose of GIS analysis of urban environmental characteristics of the city environment. Visualization of NDVI and LST indicates significant spatial differences in temperature distribution: Kyiv’s thermal contrasts are caused by the variegation of the earth’s surface. Land cover types correlate with the functions of city spaces. The highest temperature indicators are characterized by zones connected by continuous construction, industrial use, transport junctions, which is related to their emission properties than types of vegetation covers. At the same time, areas with vegetation, especially natural forests and water bodies, have reduced temperature indicators, which generally improves the urban microclimate.
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Dynamics of Ionic Composition of Potable Groundwater of the Shostka Deposit (Based on Long-Term Operation Data)
Authors T. Koshliakova and O. KoshliakovSummaryThe publication is devoted to the study of dynamics of ionic composition of potable groundwater of the Shostka deposit (according to the monitoring observations of one operational and two reserve wells). The authors analyzed fluctuations over time in the concentrations of cations and anions during a long period of operation (1991–2017). The actual material was analyzed and calculated using mathematical statistics, in particular, the construction of diagrams was performed, as well as graphical processing of groundwater chemical analysis data was performed using the specialized software tool Grapher. As a result of calculations and constructions, it was established that no significant changes in the ionic composition of groundwater occurred during the observation period. The largest range of fluctuations in cationic and anionic composition was recorded in well №7. The authors explain this phenomenon by three groups of factors: local (hypsometric position of the well), regional (location of piezometric levels and direction of groundwater flow), and global (climatic changes associated with warming). Recommendations have been developed regarding the frequency of monitoring the physico-chemical and sanitary-bacteriological state of water in well №7.
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Ore region Ambatofinandrahana (Madagascar)
By V. MykhailovSummaryStudies of rare-earth mineralization were carried out on the territory of the sheets “Itremo” and “Ambatofi-nandrahana” in the central part of the island Madagascar, the ore region Ambatofinandrahana with industrially valuable rare earth mineralization is distinguished. The main ore objects of the area are the occurrences of Ankozohambo, Marovoalavo, Ifasina (Vohiniariana) and Sahafa. Ore bodies with bastnaesite, monazite, zir-con, orthite are associated with steeply dipping zones of mineralization, silicification in calciphyres, marbles, and syenites and at the contact of the latter with granites and gabbro; as well as with cloaklike laterite bodies overlying bedrock ore bodies. The contents of bastnaesite in the bedrock ore bodies of the Ankozohambo oc-currence range from 1.63 to 8.41% (average 3.0–3.91%), the contents of TR2O3 range from 4.15 to 12.21% (average 5.65–5.81%), and in laterites at different sites the content of bastnaesite ranges from 0.4 up to 8.24% (average 1.0–2.0%), TR2O3 – from 1.0 to 28.78% (average 1.14–3.49%). The probable resources of the ore region probably exceed 12.5 million tons of ore, 270 thousand tons of bastnaesite, and 460 thousand tons of TR2O3.
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Modeling of the Oil Reservoir’s Exhaustion
Authors M. Lubkov and K. MosiychukSummaryIn order to study the dynamics of exhausting in heterogeneous oil reservoirs on the base of combined finite-element-difference method for the non-stationary problem of piezoconductivity we have carried out a numerical simulation of the pressure drop distribution in vicinity of the operating well. At that we have taken into account the heterogeneous distribution of filtration characteristics inside the reservoir and the oil infiltration parameters on the boundaries of the reservoir. The developed method for solving the non-stationary problem of piezoconductivity in deformed oil formations allows us adequately to describe the distribution of pressure near production and injection well systems in real operating conditions. We have shown that depletion processes in vicinity of active well mainly depend on the intensity of oil production and the degree of oil penetration at the boundaries of the reservoir’s area and to a lesser extent on the filtration parameters inside the reservoir. Therefore, in order to maintain the proper level of oil production in the reservoir’s area, it is necessary, for example, thanks to the using of modern technologies (system of injection wells), to ensure a sufficient inflow of the oil phase at the borders of the considered reservoir’s area. We have shown that in the cases of low oil infiltration at the boundaries of the reservoir area, the value of depletion is directly proportional to the production power of the well. At the same time, a decreasing of the reservoir permeability leads to a slow downing of depletion processes. The limiting value of the oil boundary infiltration coefficient, which allows achieving industrial oil production, is α = 10−7 m. At that, the time of reaching of the stationary productive regime is directly proportional to the value of the oil permeability coefficient inside the reservoir.
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Use of Water Bodies for the Defense of Kyiv in the Course of the Russian-Ukrainian War
Authors S. Shevchuk and V. VyshnevskyiSummaryThe characteristics of water bodies near Kyiv and hydraulic structures which were used to defend the city during the Russian-Ukrainian war are given. The Irpin River, which flows on the western outskirts of Kyiv was a significant obstacle for the Russian troops in the first days of the war. The forced destruction of several bridges and other hydraulic structures on this river and other water bodies significantly complicated the advance of the Russian troops. Due to the destruction of the hydraulic structure at the mouth of the Irpin River and the inflow of water from the Kyivske Reservoir to its floodplain, the width of the water space here reached 1 km. Later, when the Kyiv region was liberated, the water level in the Kyivske Reservoir was lowered and this helped to reduce the flooding. It was shown that remote sensing can be the important source of data for the study the role of water bodies in the war.
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Mathematical Model of Environmental Risks Assessment Taking into Account the Effect of Accumulation of Damage in Modern Conditions
Authors V. Yelisieiev and E. BykovaSummaryFormulation of the problem. An indispensable condition for the successful functioning of the system of protection of the population and the territories of the state is the construction of an effective strategy for managing the risks of emergency situations and its implementation in order to increase the readiness and effectiveness of the functioning of the unified state system of civil protection.
The issue of state security in general, security in emergency situations (ES) in particular, and the management of this security has recently been considered as a strategic task of the state. The Code of Civil Protection of Ukraine defines that civil protection is the function of the state to protect the population and territories from emergency situations by preventing such situations, eliminating their consequences in peacetime and in special periods, and is carried out according to the principle of maximally possible, economically justified risk reduction occurrence of emergencies. A problematic issue is the scientific substantiation of the mechanism for assessing the risks of emergency occurrence. In modern conditions of hostilities, there is a need to take into account the effect of accumulation of losses.
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Landscape and Limnology Monitoring of Reservoirs in Cheremskyi Nature Reserve
Authors V. Martyniuk, V. Korbutiak, I. Hopchak, A. Pryshchepa, I. Zubkovych and A. ShuliakovskaSummaryThe need to control the processes of transformations of natural complexes of the Cheremskyi Nature Reserve (Ukraine), as well as the violation of the geo-ecological condition of the protected areas under the influence of global climate changes, make landscape and limnology monitoring necessary. The model object of the research is Lake Cheremske, which is located in the central part of the protected marsh massif, which belongs to Ramsar Convention sites. The bathymetric map of the lake was developed based on the instrumental field research using GIS and remote sensing methods and the main hydrological parameters of its catchment area were calculated; the hydro-chemical condition of water masses was analyzed according to the criteria of maximum permissible concentrations for fishery purposes and the quality (categories, classes) of surface waters; the composition and thickness of lake sediments were analyzed; a landscape map of the natural aquatic complex of the lake was developed at the level of aquatic sub-tracts and aquafacies. The cartographic models and a set of geo-data, which were developed and obtained within the research, are the basis for further monitoring of changes in the geo-ecological parameters of the basin system of the lake and in the entire territory of the reserve.
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Mine Water and Its Impact on the Siverskyi Donets River Basin
Authors O. Ukhan, N. Osadcha and V. OsadchyiSummaryThe paper is focused on the issues of the mine water influence on the surface water in the Siverskyi Donets River basin. Mine water is characterized by aggressive properties due to low pH values (associated with pyrite leaching processes) and high mineralization. They have a high content of sulfate and silicate ions, aluminum, suspends. It’s shown that the inflow of mine water to water bodies doesn’t cause a change in their salt composition.
A special regulation had been developed to protect the water ecosystem from pollution. Mine waters are previously accumulated in local relief depressions (beams). The processes of sorption, hydrolysis, oxidation and others contributed to the partial transfer of pollutants from the dissolved phase to bottom sediments.
Political and economic changes led to the shutdown of many mines, and the cheapest “wet” method was chosen for their conservation. Flooding of mines will contribute to raising the groundwater level and pollutants entering the river channel. The military actions in the East of Ukraine led to the impossibility of conducting detailed studies on raising the level of groundwater in mines and forecasting the further consequences of these processes.
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Analysis of Reservoir Delineation Problems in Complicated Conditions
Authors I. Vytvytskyi, O. Martsynkiv, I. Kovbasiuk, M. Seniushkovych, Y. Stavychnyi and Y. ZhdanovSummaryThe variety of existing problems associated with the delineation of productive layers is very large. Of particular concern is the fact that many of the operating wells constantly experience pressure in the annulus. This indicates the existence of a connection between the pressure source and the annulus. Improving the quality of primary cementing of new wells, as well as the elimination of fluid leaks in existing wells, is the logical right decision in the direction of improving the methods of delineating productive zones and protecting the environment.
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Formation of the Chemical Composition of Water in the Upper Reaches of the Transboundary Tisza River (Ukrainian Carpathians)
Authors V. K. Khilchevskyi, V. V. Leta, O. V. Pylypovych and M. R. ZabokrytskaSummaryThe transboundary river Tisza, whose headwaters are located in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine, is the largest left tributary of the Danube and plays an important ecological role in its basin. Apart from Ukraine, the Tisza River basin is located in Romania, Hungary, Slovakia and Serbia.
The significance of studying the formation of the chemical composition and quality of water in the upper reaches of the Tisza River is that it gives an idea of the chemical composition and quality of water in the river, which then flows through the territory of neighboring countries. The chemical composition of the water in the upper reaches of the Tisza River is formed under the influence of high humidity (average annual precipitation is about 1200 mm) and the spread of salt-poor flysch rocks.
The surface waters of the upper reaches of the Tisza River, studied at four monitoring points (Black Tisza - Yasinia, White Tisza - Lugy, Tisza - Rakhiv, Tisza - Tiachiv) are hydrocarbonate calcium, moderately fresh with an average mineralization of 192–248. mg∙dm-3. The clearest connection between hydrological and hydrochemical regimes is manifested for the main ions and mineralization of water.
In case of physicochemical parameters, biogenic substances, trace elements, we can only talk about trends. The results of the study are of great practical importance, in particular for development of a new Tisza River Basin Management Plan; consideration of environmental programs to improve water quality in the Tisza River basin.
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Multidimensional Geoinformation Modeling of Public Transport in Bila Tserkva
Authors D. Liashenko, B. Tykhonenko, O. Palienko, P. Trofymenko and T. MalikSummaryThe paper is devoted to modern methods of public transport modelling with Geographic Information System (GIS). The developed algorithm was tested in the Bila Tserkva city transport system analysis using free volunteer spatial data (Open Street map). Our goal was to model the location of city population and public transport stops in Bila Tserkva city in Ukraine. The spatial analysis allows to visualize city population density and public transport stops for potential passengers all over the city. We estimate city population access to the public transport and crate transport stops availability zones with buffer analysis. The knowledge obtained in this study is applying techniques to create the multidimensional geoinformation city transport model in order to find out the future public transport optimized pattern in the city. The algorithm proposed can help city officials to minimize traffic congestion and environmental pollution.
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A New Land-Cover Classification Approach in UAV-based Remote Sensing for Solution Ecological Tasks
More LessSummaryNowadays application of UAVs gives a possibility to achieve data with a very high accuracy for solution of different ecological and agricultural problems. The classification of incomplete and high conflicting sources is one of the most important and difficult procedures in Remote Sensing. It has been proposed the new classification approach to applying Dezert-Smarandache Theory in UAV-based remote sensing problems. The classical Dezert-Smarandache fusion rule has been considered in this work. It has been noted, that this theory processes the contradictory information an deals with exhaustive and not mutually exclusive hypotheses. The numerical example has been considered in this work too. The proposed approach to applying the Dezert-Smarandache Theory in land-cover classification can be applied in numerous agricultural tasks, pest control in forestry, prevention of natural disasters, such as forest fires.
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Monitoring the Nexus Between Forest Loss, Land Cover Dynamics, and Climatic Changes by GEE GIS Facilities for the Landscape Planning Implementation
More LessSummaryAt the current time, in Ukraine, the semi-natural problem of climatic changes and forest loss affects land cover. Land degradation increases significantly and results in forest loss which leads to a reduction in biodiversity and land productivity. This study was therefore designed to explore the forest loss and climatic change dynamics to estimate mean annual deforestation rates and identify forest-loss hotspot areas within the northern part of the Sumy region in Ukraine, and finally, evaluate the impact of climatic changes on forest loss. The dynamics of land cover change were used as an input for measuring forest loss by employing the combination of geospatial technologies. For this, the dataset of Terra Climate (1970–2020), global dataset MOD11A1.006, Global Forest Change (2000–2021), Landsat, and Sentinel images were used. Monthly Climate, Climatic Water Balance for Terrestrial Surfaces, NDVI, NDWI, treecover, and forestloss were generated and visualized by using the inspiring instrument Google Earth Engine. Results showed that the annual forest loss increased at the national, regional, and local levels at 2 944.67, 79.97, and 13.32 respectively each the next five years. The built maps were used for identifying crop management and conservation factor as a source of data for the landscape planning implementation.
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The Trubizh River Revitalization after the Drainage and Combined Irrigation System Operation
Authors S. Shevchuk and T. MatiashSummaryIn recent decades, small and even medium-sized rivers are completely or partially disappearing as a result of a large anthropogenic load, artificial reshaping of riverbeds, drainage reclamation, excessive water intake for economic purposes, construction of reservoirs, industrial facilities, highways, deforestation, etc.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of climate change includes assessment of changes in water flows in the river basin, flow forecasting using observation data, and analysis of remote sensing data since the state of medium and small rivers determines the state of the entire river network of the country.
The main goal of the study is to determine the impact of climate change on the change in water levels and the mode of operation of the pumping stations of the Trubіzh River basin, which have changed under the influence of anthropogenic load. The main tasks to be solved include is to focus strategic efforts on the intensification and planning of the gradual restoration and revitalization of the excessively regulated Trubizh River.
Problematic issues that arise during the revitalization of small and medium-sized rivers are considered, partial revitalization of the catchment area and the channel of the Trubizh River is proposed, and an appropriate action plan is proposed.
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Analysis of Homogeneity and Stationarity of Freeze-Up Observation Series in the Prypiat River Basin within Ukraine
Authors L. O. Gorbachova and O. O. AfteniukSummaryThe investigation of the formation conditions, tendencies of freeze-up on the rivers is of very practical importance, because it has an impact on hydropower, shipping, fisheries, etc. Such studies are relevant for the Prypiat River basin (within Ukraine), because the last investigation of freeze-up was carried out more than 10 years ago. In this paper results of the complex analysis of freeze-up observation series tendencies investigations based on using the statistical and graphical methods in the Prypiat River basin are represented. So, for the research the Mann-Kendall non-parametric statistical test, mass curve, residual mass curve and combined graphs. Such an approach allows us to obtain more reliable results of research. In the Prypiat River basin the freeze-up observation series of 29 gauges were used with the period of records from the beginning of the observations to 2020 inclusive. In the Prypiat River basin the majority freeze-up observation series are quasi-homogeneous and quasi-stationary, as it has only an increase and a decrease phases of long-term cyclical fluctuations, which are also unfinished. Since the 90th years of the past century the appearance of the freeze-up occurs at later dates, the break-up of freeze-up occurs at earlier dates which causes shortening of its duration.
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Approbation of the Method for Ensuring Operational Reliability and Evaluating the Residual Life of Drill String Elements
Authors Ja. S. Grydzhuk, A. P. Dzhus, A. R. Yurych, L. R. Yurych, A. I. Riznychuk and O. P. PylypakaSummaryConducted industrial tests of a prototype of a device for measuring forces in a drill string confirmed its operability and the possibility of using it as a tool for obtaining data to assess the effectiveness of drilling operations and equipment operating conditions. The obtained amplitude-frequency characteristics of the oscillations make it possible to isolate individual components from the signal, to conduct a qualitative assessment of the operation and state of the bit structure with the possibility of further analysis of its effect on the oscillatory processes in the system.
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Factors of Controlling Polymetallic Mineralization on the Example of the Dalnegorsky (Far East) and Uspensky (Central Kazakhstan) Ore Districts
Authors V. Mykhailov and A. YessendossovaSummaryAs a result of the comparative characteristics of the Dalnegorsky (Far East) and Uspensky (Central Kazakh-stan) ore districts, the factors and criteria, the patterns of distribution, formation and localization of polymetal-lic deposits have been clarified. It has been established that the main factors of polymetallic mineralization are structural, lithological-stratigraphic, igneous and metasomatic ones manifested at different levels of the ore substance organization at different times, in different geological and structural conditions. The studies carried out allow recommending the findings regarding the factors of polymetallic mineralization as scientific and methodological foundations for forecasting and prospecting for lead-zinc deposits in other regions of the world, including Ukraine. The new data obtained on the Atasu type of deposits in Kazakhstan make it possible to resolve successfully a lot of issues of such polymetallic deposits genesis, to show their relationship and pat-terns of formation in connection with submarine volcanic activity.
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Monitoring the Impact of Military Actions on the Environment Using GIS and Remote Earth Sensing Methods
Authors V. Semeniaka, V. Zatserkovnyi and L. IlyinSummaryThanks to the methods of remote sensing of the Earth and geoinformation technologies, the possibilities of monitoring the impact of military actions on the environment were investigated.
This topic is currently the most relevant because it allows for the shortest possible time to assess and predict various emergency situations that may be caused by military actions, namely: fires, water pollution, air pollution, and others.
These data and the methodology itself can further help in monitoring this situation, as well as in the implementation of appropriate measures to prevent the deterioration of the ecological environment.
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Research of Criteria for Assessing the Quality of Supervised Classification of Aerospace Images Based on a Nonlinear Scheme of Compromises
Authors I. Puleko, V. Chumakevych, V. Ptashnyk, R. Osadchuk and I. IschenkoSummaryProcessing of aerospace images, the results of which are used in various branches of the national economy, is an urgent task today. Very often, when processing images of remote sensing of the Earth, it is necessary to carry out a supervised classification of areas of the earth’s surface according to certain characteristics (for example forest, grass, field, swamp, water, concrete, etc.). The problem of high-quality classification of areas of the earth’s surface on high-resolution images is quite complex and does not have an unambiguous solution. Therefore, as a rule, several methods are used to solve it.
Choosing the best method for multi-class classification of aerial imagery is a challenging task. Traditionally, the best solution was to use a set of metrics. However, for non-experts and beginners, the correct application of a set of metrics is also very difficult, as the results are often contradictory. Therefore, the scalar metrics for assessing the quality of the supervised classification of aerospace images based on a nonlinear scheme of compromises were investigated in the paper.
The first NSC0 criterion is formed by nonlinear convolution of the elements of the confusion matrix.
The second criterion NSC1 is also formed from the confusion matrix, but favours the correct solutions by introducing weights.
For the third criterion, it is proposed to use the known quality indicators as partial criteria of classification quality: accuracy, recall, precision and F1.
The conducted studies showed that to assess the quality of the classification of aerospace images, it is advisable to use the developed quality indicator NSC2, which is a scalar nonlinear convolution of known quality indicators, such as accuracy, recall, precision, and F1. This indicator allows you to give preference to one or another classification method when the values of typical indicators almost coincide or have contradictions.
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Migration of Average Annual Rotation Poles of Antarctic Plate during 1995-2021 by GNSS Data
By I. SavchynSummaryIn the study, the calculation and analysis of the average annual rotation poles of the Antarctic plate during 1995-2021 was performed to study the dynamics of their change over time. It was established that the decrease in angular velocity is synchronous with the reduction in latitude and vice versa. By changing these parameters, the angular momentum of the Antarctic plate is obviously adjusted. It has been confirmed that rotation poles of the Antarctic plate are dynamic parameters, however, for a precise determination of the factors that cause such dynamics, it is necessary to conduct additional research. The presented algorithm and the obtained values of the recent rotation poles of the Antarctic plate can be used to develop new and refine existing models of plate movements and coordinate systems, as well as to forecast the movements of the Earth’s crust on a global scale. A promising direction for further research is to determine the recent rotation poles of other plates and establish the relationship between them.
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Monitoring and Modelling of Environmental Pollution in the Southern Regions of Ukraine
Authors Ie. Khlobystov, L. Horoshkova, V. Varianichko, K. Skrynchenko, S. Horoshkov and L. TsurikaSummaryTo model the situation with the emissions of air pollutants taking into account the identified trends of the emissions of air pollutants and the main impact factors, the approximation, smoothing dynamics and trend line of Microsoft Excel were applied to determine regression equations and check significance and accuracy of the built models. Statistical modelling of air pollution safety limits was applied as well. To determine the factors affecting emissions of air pollutants, the index of cross-correlation was used. It has been proven that the regional ecological condition impacted by the emissions of air pollutants depends on the priority types of economic activity.
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Monitoring in Ensuring Natural Capital Risk Management: System of Indicators of Socio-Ecological and Economic Security
Authors A. Yakymchuk, L. Kuzmych, P. Skrypchuk, A. Kister, N. Khumarova and Y. YakymchukSummaryThe economic-mathematical model of the influence of budget funding of air protection and climate change mitigation and the volume of emissions of pollutants and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere has been developed. Decision-making methodology in the sphere of financing and preservation of natural capital has been ordered.
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Problems of Municipal Water Intake in Nemyriv, Ukraine
Authors B. D. Stetsenko, V. M. Shestopalov and Yu. F. RudenkoSummaryThe results of the studies of the exploitable resources of groundwater in fractured Precambrian crystalline rocks in area of Nemyriv, performed for the period 1975–2021 by various organizations. Of the five hypothetically promising areas, discovered in 1975 by the regional geophysical surveys, for subsequent detailed hydrogeological exploration and constructing the municipal water intake was selected the fragment of the Ustya floodplain near the ancient Scythian settlement. However, when this water intake began to operate it was found that when increasing groundwater production from Precambrian fractured crystalline rocks, its quality dangerously deteriorates.. Studies in recent years have shown that the deterioration of water quality in producing wells of municipal water intake is due to poor natural protection against pollution of productive aquifer near the ancient Scythian settlement, and its incorrect location of this water intake relative to Nemyriv and the fish ponds in the floodplain of the Ustya River. The author of the report believes that in order to remedy the current situation, it is necessary to consider in more detail other previously identified hypothetically promised areas around Nemyriv and move the municipal water intake to another place more protected from pollutions.
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Studying the Tectonics of Transcarpathians based on Precise Relocation of Small Earthquakes
By A. GnypSummaryThe differential and source terms locations of two series of recurrent earthquakes in the east and west of the Transcarpathians have been calculated. Most of the effort has been focused on improving the reliability of differential arrivals in records with very low signal-to-noise ratio. To reduce the effect of correlated noise, adaptive filtering of records was proposed. The maximum correlation criterion for estimation of the differential arrivals was modified to include a minimum departure from the calculated arrivals. Time drift at some stations, as well as problematic arrivals, were discovered based on analysis of intervals between P-wave arrivals of the same earthquakes at different stations. The tectonic interpretation of the differential locations and focal mechanisms give reason to assume that both series were most likely related to the faults of the pre-Neogene basement parallel to the Carpathian arc.
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Analysis of the Correlation between Lineaments and Earthquake Epicenters in the Marche Region (Italy) Using Remote Sensing Tools
Authors H. Ostapenko, V. Zatserkovnyi and M. de DonatisSummaryEarthquake prediction and monitoring of seismic activity remains one of the most difficult problems in the geosciences. Progress in the study of dangerous geological processes is closely related to the use of remote sensing materials (RSMs), which make it possible to identify and analyze relationships, rank different geological structures, etc. In this regard, today the development of new approaches to the study of earthquakes and their forecasting using GIT based on RS< and software for their processing is widely used. One of the promising areas of research is the study of decipherable networks of lineaments on satellite images.
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Monitoring of Urban Heat Islands Using Remote Sensing Technologies
Authors S. Sakhniuk, D. Tovstonoh, O. Monastyrova and V. ZatserkovnyiSummaryGiven the potential danger posed by urban heat islands, it is important to calculate, develop and implement a number of precautions. From the study, it also becomes clear that continuous monitoring of UHI in cities is necessary, since even in short periods of time significant changes can occur. In addition, the influence of one of the factors — green spaces, on UHI, on the example of the city of Kyiv, was analyzed in detail, namely, the dependence of surface temperatures on the plant index and the leaf area index was revealed, and changes in temperatures and the number of tree plantations were also found. The conclusion was an understanding of the significance of the influence of this factor on the temperature of the city and confirmation of the need to resolve this issue.
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The use of GIS and Remote Sensing Data in Determining the Condition of Green Areas in Kyiv
Authors N. Korohoda, O. Halahan and O. KovtoniukSummaryIn a normal condition, the ecosystem performs all its functions, and therefore provides its maximum benefits to the population - ecosystem services (ES). Approached to the natural, green areas have the greatest potential to provide ES and can continue to effectively provide ES for a longer period of time. The purpose of this work is to determine the condition of city green areas as a potential opportunity for their provision of ES. To determine whether the condition of green areas is consistent with their natural norm, we used the following datasets: map of restored landscapes of Kyiv and global land cover map for 2020 at 10 m resolution based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data. According to such data we determined the part of the green areas, in which there is a coincidence between the natural vegetation of the territory and the current vegetation of the land cover map. This indicates how much the vegetation of the green areas of Kyiv corresponds to the natural vegetation of the territory. As a result, maps showing the condition of city green areas were created. The results of such assessment will prioritize the actual condition of green areas in the planning of nature management.
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Monitoring and Modeling of Infrastructure Indicators Development of United Territorial Communities
Authors L. Horoshkova, Ie. Khlobystov, S. Shvydka, O. Menshov, D. Tarasenko and A. SumetsSummaryA study of the dynamics of state support for infrastructure development of UTC, development expenditures (capital expenditures) and the effectiveness of the current mechanism for calculating the infrastructure subvention on the example of Zaporizhya region and identified the relationship between infrastructure subvention and development expenditures (capital expenditures). It is established that the current mechanism for determining the size of the infrastructure subvention, when it is determined depending on the size of the rural population and the area of UTC is ineffective. It is proved that it is necessary to assess the parameters of sustainable development of OTG not only by traditional components, which are economic, environmental and social, but also by the infrastructural component. For this purpose, an integrated indicator of sustainable infrastructural development of each individual UTC, district or region is proposed, which would allow comparing OTG indicators not only within a district or region, but also between regions of Ukraine. Its definition is carried out using the apparatus of fuzzy set theory.
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Risk Management and Lost Profits Calculations of Business Entities
Authors L. Horoshkova, D. Antoniuk, O. Vasyl’yeva, S. Markova and L. FilipishynaSummaryThe methodology of lost profits assessment for a business entity as a result of military actions (aggression) has been developed. The methodology includes calculation of business entity`s main operational indicators (groups of indicators) based on the analysis of its financial, accounting and tax reporting. It also takes into account the peculiarities and types of business activity when calculating the lost profits.
When calculating the lost profits, it is advisable to take into account the specifics of doing business in various sectors of national economy. Qualified personnel loss and additional training costs play an important role in manufacturing; service sector could make no gain without damage or property loss; agricultural sector is the most vulnerable sector in terms of lost profits caused by the war, as well as the most complicated field to calculate the lost profits due to the large number of impact factors to be taken into consideration.
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Ecoregional Biodiversity Monitoring
Authors L. Bilous, V. Samoilenko, P. Shyshchenko and O. HavrylenkoSummaryIt is necessary to understand the place of the territory of Ukraine in the system of the world ecoregional order, the peculiarities of the territorial organization of habitats in the section of Ukraine ecoregions, the role and importance of cross-border cooperation for the creation of the Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS). Ecoregions are areas of general similarity in ecosystems and in the type, quality, and quantity of environmental resources. They serve as a spatial framework for the research, assessment, management, and monitoring of ecosystems and ecosystem components. Habitat diversity, defined by the EUNIS classification system, is the basis for the division of ecoregions. 12 ecoregions were defined as existing on the territory of Ukraine (6 - terrestrial, 6 - freshwater, 1 - marine). For each ecoregion, an important issue is international cooperation on problems of biodiversity monitoring and protection. As part of such cooperation, it is necessary for each of the countries to carry out identification and inventory of habitats in terms of ecoregions. There are a number of methods of such an inventory. Field mapping, typically based on the mapping of habitat types. Remote sensing, a more recent, technologically sophisticated way to collect information on habitats is based on computer-aided interpretation and visualization of satellite imagery. The synthesis of information about the location of habitats can be carried out in the process of spatial analysis. The digital elevation model (DEM) is a source of information for the synthesis of a hierarchical territorial system of ecoregion habitats. We propose the method of standard deviation for classification of DEM in ArcGIS and modeling of the habitat “draw”. Priority regions for the organization of the BMS in Ukraine are the European-Mediterranean Montane Forests (the mountainous territories of the Crimean and Carpathian regions) and the Danube River Delta. The specified regions are part of the list of Global 200. The technique for territorial identification of habitats proposed by us will be particularly effective for the Danube River Delta region, which is part of the Dniester - Lower Danube ecoregion.
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Geoinformation Mapping of the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine Based on National Geospatial Data Infrastructure
Authors M. Kyryliuk and E. BondarenkoSummaryAn approach to the creation/use of a thematic set of computer information characterizing the objects of the country’s natural reserve fund as a component of its national geospatial data infrastructure (NGDI) are presented. It is defined as a modern geoinformation resource and, at the same time, a cartographic service of wide application, implemented by means of geographic information systems (GIS) with web-mapping functions based on geoportal technology (for the possibilities of use).
The most important factors that gave a real impetus to the creation of geospatial data infrastructures with the possibility of conducting geoinformation mapping based on them are highlighted: a constant increase in the amount of data that describes various components of reality (including those related to environmental protection activities); rapid development of the Internet; further improvement of the functionality of the software, which belongs to the class of GIS.
The requirements for data sets, which reflect the features of nature conservation areas in the structure of the NGDI, are indicated. Their specificity is indicated, which unambiguously identifies the relevant objects and territories of the NRF in the country through the elements of the geometric (spatial) component.
A well-established algorithm for mapping NRF based on NGDI has been developed.
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