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First EAGE International Conference on Fault and Top Seals - What do we know and where do we go?
- Conference date: 08 Sep 2003 - 11 Sep 2003
- Location: Montpellier, France
- ISBN: 978-90-73781-32-0
- Published: 08 September 2003
41 - 60 of 66 results
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Fault Seal Based on Fault Throw and Fault Geometry from Seismic Data - How Reliable is It, and How Can It Be Improved?
Authors L. T. W. Sigemes and S. OttesenIn most fault seal analyzing methodology like the use of; Shale Gouge Ratio and Clay Smear Factor, fault throw and fault geometry are two of the most critical parameters. The value of these parameters very often comes from interpretation of seismic data, and very often these data are used as if they are "hard facts.
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On the Use of Multi-Carrier Hydrocarbon Migration Modelling with Clay-Smearing in Faults
Authors Ø. Sylta, C. Childs, S. Sperrevik and A. TømmeråsComplex scenarios for the trapping of oil and gas against faults can often be observed in multi-pay (multi-carrier) fields. Understanding hydrocarbon migration in such systems can be extremely dificult due to complex spatial variations in the sealing and conductive capacity of faults separating carriers of different ages. The analysis of multi-pay migration systems therefore requires the use of computerised simulation techniques. Here we describe such a technique which incorporates fault sealing properties due to the effects of clay smearing which is widely recognised as one of the main processes controlling fault sed capacity in clastic sequences.
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The Impact of Carbonate-Carbonate Sealing Faults in Oilfields of NW Oman
Authors K. Harris, J. Filbrandt, M. Hossain and H. ShuailyThere are several late Cretaceous oilfields in northwest Oman which are characterised by low permeability, chalky reservoirs with long entry heights (5-40m) and long transition zones (5- 20m). Two of these fields are considered to be combined structural-stratigraphic traps, in which faults provide the lateral seal in the up-dip direction.
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Mechanics of Top Seal Leakage in the Carnarvon Basin, Australian Northwest Shelf
Authors D. N. Dewhurst, A. L. Henning and G. E. KovackThe Muderong Shale is the regional top seal in the Camarvon Basin on the Northwest Shelf of Australia. Evidence for top seal breach in this area comes from post-Muderong plays and hydrocarbon shows.
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Deepwater North West Borneo - Hydrocarbon Retention in an Active Fold and Thrust Belt
Authors T. J. Chrisholm and G. M. IngramIn the deepwater acreage of East Malaysia, compressional deformation of the Oligocene to Recent sediment pile has resulted in an extensive fold and thrust belt stretching more than 800 km dong the southem margin of the North West'Borneo Basin. The basin remains relatively under-explored until now and recent oil and gas discoveries in the main Toe Thrust play have proven that considerable upside potential is yet to be realised in addition to existing fields. The upside oil potential is the main driver for ongoing exploration campaigns in NW Borneo, but considerable risks remain and one of the most important of these is top seal integrity.
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Basin Modeling Approach to the Prediction of Fault Rock Properties in High Net-to-Gross Reservoirs
Authors F. Dula and E. McAllisterPrediction of fault rock properties is critical where exploration prospects involve reservoir-reservoir juxtaposition (static seals) and during field production when faults may baffle or enhance (dynamic response) the flow of hydrocarbons. Traditional approaches to the estimation of fault rock properties (e.g., gouge porosity, permeability, etc.) have concentrated upon the present day reservoir conditions (depth, juxtaposition, core observations, and permeability contrasts) and do not typically take into account the evolution of these properties. This contribution describes a basin modeling approach for predicting the paleo and present day properties of fault rocks formed at different depths and temperatures in clean (clay content < 20%), high net-to-gross sandstones.
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Fault-Plane Reflections as a Diagnostic of Pressure Differences in Reservoirs - South Eugene Island, Offshore Louisiana
Authors M. Haney, J. Sheiman, R. Snieder, S. Naruk, J. Busch and S. WilkinsSeismic data taken at Blocks 314, 315, 330, and 331 of the South Eugene Island field contain reflections from a major growth fault. Out of a list of possible causes, we find that differences in pore pressure across the fault give rise to the fault-plane reflections over a large portion of the fault. The pressure differences are detectable since pore pressures that exceed the hydrostatic pressure, or overpressures, lower the seismic velocity. Thus, the presence of the fault-plane reflections point to the fault providing a significant lateral seal. We develop a processing scheme to highlight the fault-plane reflections while simultaneously removing the reflections from the layered structure. Using this processed data set, we extract the amplitude of the fault-plane reflections on the fault-plane. The areas of strong reflection amplitude correlate well with the geology and known zones of overpressure. Over a limited area on the fault, we observe reflectivity originating fiom elevated pore pressures in the fault zone itself.
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Sensitivity Analysis of the Influence of Faults on Oil Production from Shallow Marine Reservoirs
Authors T. Manzocchi, J. A. Strand, J. Matthews, A. Skorstad, J. Carter, J. Howell and K. D. StephenWe describe results fiom the multi-partner, EU-supported SAIGUP project, the principal purpose of which is to quantify objectively the influence of geological complexity on production forecasts in progradational shallow marine reservoirs. The approch used has been to build realistic synthetic reservoirs with combinations of geological factors and to flow-simulate a 30-year production history using four different production plans on each. Formal statistical as well as more physically or geologically based, often curiosity-driven, analyses of the 20,000 sets of simulation results are used to determine the influence of geological characteristics on total oil production, recovery factor, and discounted reservoir value.
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Impact of Faults on Dynamic Flow Simulations - A 4D Seismic to Model Integrated Approach Applied to Tertiary Deep Offshore Reservoirs - Dalia Field - Blok 17 - Angola
Authors O. D‘Aboville and J. -Y. GoryIn 3D geological models, faults are one of the main heterogeneity barriers, which can strongly impact the dynamic flow simulations. Accurate fault modeling and sealing assessment is critical for evaluation of reserves. The objective of fault interpretation and modeling are to construct the best fault framework in order to assign to each fault the right properties which vary both along the fault plane and with time dwing field life.
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Coping with Fault Seal Uncertainty during the Development of the Giant Ormen Lange Gas Field, Norway
Authors R. den Ouden, N. Møller, I. Ahmed, E. Berg, L. Stuevold, J. Cartwright, R. Loosveld, C. Guargena and K. LangaasThe Ormen Lange Field is situated 120 km off the west cosst of Norway (Figure 1), and is with its areal extent of 350 km² the second largest gas field on the Norwegian continental shelf, with estimated moverable reserves of 400 GSm³
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Controls on Gas Distribution, Offshore Netherlands, Southern North Sea - Towards u Unified Theory of Fault Seal
Authors J. R. Tabor, J. P. Busch, W. F. Dula and S. J. NarukMost of the oil industry is polarized over the dominant sealing mechanism in fault-dependent traps. There are at least four theories used to explain column heights in these fields: 1) fault gouge, 2) juxtapostion, 3) cataclasis and cementation, and 4) geomechanics. Each of these fault seal camps has provided strong technical evidence for their preferred mechanism, but always seem unable to explain the glaring exception to the rule or to accommodate alternative paradigms. This dogmatic approach inhibits advancement of fault-seal technology and makes operations in joint ventures dificult. Recent work by Shell in the southern North Sea, however, suggests that a more unified approach to fault seal is more appropriate in order to explain obsewed column heights and get new prospects drilled.
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Shales in Basin Models - A Workflow to Integrate Rock-Based Shale Properties into Basin Models
Authors K. Dempster, W. R. Almon and W. C. DawsonBasin modelers routinely incorporate data and interpretations from other disciplines into their models: structural and seismic interpretation for past and present geometry, log analysis for lithologic content, sequence stratigraphy for depositional framework and lithologic continuity, biostratigraphy for ages, and geochemistry for source rock properties, thermal calibration, and migration indicators
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Modeling Capillary Sealing and Flow Barriers in Basin Scale Simulations
Authors T. Hantschel, A. Kauerauf and B. WygralaIn a Petroleum Systems Model, the generation, expulsion, migration, accumulation and loss of petroleum is quantitatively assessed at basin scales throughout the entire evolution of a sedimentary basin. Top seals and faults are the primary controlling features of petroleum migration and the creation and destruction of petroleum accumulations
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3-D Flow Connectivity Associated with Relays
Authors J. J. Walsh, T. Manzocchi and A. E. HeathSimple streamline simulation models are used to illustrate some of the properties of relays in a production flow context. The prevailing view of an unbreached relay is essentially of a hole in a fault providing an uninterrupted lateral flow path across it.
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Controls on Micro to Macro Mudstone Fabric and Implications for Fluid Flow
Authors A. C. Aplin, I. F. Matenaar, J. K. S. Moore, B. A. van der Pluijm, D. Charpentier and R. WordenIn this paper we consider the controls on the fabric of mudstones on scales ranging from 10 microns to 100 metres, and how this might affect fluid flow regimes within mud-rich caprock sequences.
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Mineralogical Controls on Seal Capacity in the Muderong Shale, Carnarvon Basin, North West Shelf, Australia
Authors G. E. Kovack, D. N. Dewhurst, M. D. Raven and J. G. KaldiThe Muderong Shale is the major regional top seal in the northern Carnarvon Basin. This study examines the influence that mineralogy and diagenesis have on regional and local variations of seal capacity in this shale. Across the basin, capillary threshold pressures range from less than 1000 psi up to 10,000 psi.
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