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Near Surface 2005 - 11th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics
- Conference date: 04 Sep 2005 - 07 Sep 2005
- Location: Palermo, Italy
- Published: 04 September 2005
151 - 180 of 180 results
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Nondestructive DC Resistivity Surveying Using Flat Base Electrodes
Authors E. Athanasiou, P. Tsourlos, G. Tsokas, C. Papazachos and G. VargemezisP052 Nondestructive DC Resistivity Surveying Using Flat Base Electrodes Abstract 1 E. ATHANASIOU P. TSOURLOS G. TSOKAS C. PAPAZACHOS and G. VARGEMEZIS Deparment of Geophysics School of Geology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124 Thessaloniki Greece. In this work the application of flat base electrodes in performing geoelectrical measurements is examined. This study is motivated by the inability to apply geoelectrical techniques in environments where it is not possible to insert conventional electrodes. The performance of flat base electrodes is examined in various environments using different measuring modes and proved to be working satisfactorily in most cases producing data almost identical
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SNMR Soundings to Investigate Primary Aquifers along the Cape West Coast – South Africa
Authors G. Lange, R. Meyer, M. Di Battista and L. SoltauP053 SNMR SOUNDINGS TO INVESTIGATE PRIMARY AQUIFERS ALONG THE CAPE WEST COAST - SOUTH AFRICA Introduction 1 Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SNMR) sounding also referred to as MRS (Magnetic Resonance Sounding) is a relatively new method applied in groundwater exploration. It differs significantly from other geophysical techniques in that it is the only method that allows the direct determination of both the volume of extractable groundwater and its depth distribution. Although Nuclear Magnetic Resonance technology is widely applied in the chemical and medical research fields as well as in borehole geophysics the application as a surface method to groundwater exploration
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Relation of SIP Relaxation Time of Sands to Salinity, Grain Size and Hydraulic Conductivity
Authors A. Kemna, H.-M. Münch, K. Titov, E. Zimmermann and H. VereeckenP054 Relation of SIP relaxation time of sands to salinity grain size and hydraulic conductivity Abstract 1 The spectral induced polarisation (SIP) characteristics of sedimentary rocks contain structural information which potentially can be linked to flow and transport parameters such as hydraulic conductivity. We examined this connection for pure saturated sands by measuring SIP spectra of sands with different grain size and pore water electrical conductivity. For each spectrum relaxation times chargeabilities and Cole-Cole exponents were determined for identified dispersion ranges under the assumption of superimposed Cole-Cole model responses. We here focus on the results concerning the relaxation time of
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A Comparison of TEM, HEM and SKYTEM Measurements at a Buried Valley in Northern Germany
More LessP055 A COMPARISON OF TEM HEM AND SKYTEM MEASUREMENTS AT A BURIED VALLEY IN NORTHERN GERMANY The BurVal Project 1 The interregional Buried Valleys project funded by the European Union is an international investigation of glacial valleys in Northern Europe using various geophysical and hydrogeological methods. The valleys are potential groundwater reservoirs and important for future supply of drinking water. The aims of BurVal project are to deliver substantiated knowledge and understanding of the structural and hydraulic properties of buried valleys to focus on the vulnerability of the aquifer caused by surface contaminations or other human impacts and to investigate
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DC Resistivity Monitoring of a Vineyard Château Couhins – Bordeaux – France
Authors D. Rousset, H. Perroud, J.-P. Goutouly and J.-P. GaudillèreWe performed a DC resistivity monitoring experiment during five months in 2003. Low, medium and high resolution measurements have been carried out at various locations of a vineyard. Parallel 2 dimensions dipole-dipole images help to specify the 3D geological sketch of the studied area down to three meters. General apparent resistivity mapping evidences the spatial variations of the summer drying of the subsurface. High resolution cross borehole tomography shows moisture variation at the vine stock scale, and short time interval such as the diffusion of a rainfall.
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Forward and Inverse Modeling of MRS Relaxation Signals Using Multi-Exponential Decomposition
Authors O. Mohnke and U. YaramanciP057 Z-99 FORWARD AND INVERSE MODELING OF MRS RELAXATION SIGNALS USING MULTI-EXPONENTIAL DECOMPOSITION 1 Near Surface 2005 — Palermo Italy 4 - 7 September 2005 O. MOHNKE AND U. YARAMANCI Technical University Berlin Dept. of Applied Geophysics Ackerstr. 71-76 13355 Berlin Germany E-mail: [email protected] Introduction Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) or Surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR) is a non-invasive groundwater-exploration method that allows a direct determination of the water content and the estimation of permeability from the relaxation signal of excited hydrogen nuclei [1 2]. Whereas the signal amplitudes of MRS are proportional to the amount of water in the subsurface
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Detection of Weak Zones by Inversion of 2-D Electrical Imaging Data Using Neural Network
Authors H.T. Long, G. El-Qady and K. UshijimaP058 ABSTRACT DETECTION OF WEAK ZONES BY INVERSION OF 2- D ELECTRICAL IMAGING DATA USING NEURAL NETWORK HO TRONG LONG GAD EL-QADY KEISUKE USHIJIMA Department of Earth Resources Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University Hakozaki 6-10-1 Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8581 Japan There is increasing interest particularly for environmental and engineering studies of nearsurface areas. Electrical Imaging or electrical tomography is a survey technique developed for the investigation of areas of complex geology where the use of resistivity sounding and other techniques is unsuitable. Inversion techniques of Electrical Imaging data normally done using least-squares method (e.g. Sasaki 1989 1992 Loke et
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Estimation of Resistivity Using Nuclear Logs
Authors A. Vatandoost, E. Shahin and F. JafariP060 Estimation of Resistivity Using Nuclear Logs Abstract 1 Geophysical logs are widely used as useful tool in mineral exploration. Each log responses to a physical parameter which could be used in determination of lithology and petrophysical investigation. Estimation of a log from other geophysical logs is helpful in boreholes which the desired log is not present. In order to make precise estimation for petrophysical parameters it is necessary to have other geophysical logs. As resistivity log is used in lithology interpretation and petrophysical investigation of coal seams therefore in this paper an attempt is made to estimate the resistivity
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Dilution Technique in Groundwater Contamination Studies
More LessP061 DILUTION TECHNIQUE IN GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION STUDIES Summary 1971; Schön 1993; Mares and Zboril 1995). Near Surface 2005 — Palermo Italy 4 - 7 September 2005 1 The velocity and the direction of the groundwater flow are very important parameters in the decision what strategy should be used to stop the existing or to prevent the possible spreading of the contamination plume. The contaminant transport is very often controlled by parameters of the groundwater flow. Dilution technique in a monitoring well - if at least one well is available in the area of interest - offers one possibility to evaluate
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Wavelet Analysis – A New Approach to Processing of Acoustic Full Waveforms
More LessP062 WAVELET ANALYSIS – A NEW APPROACH TO PROCESSING OF ACOUSTIC FULL WAVEFORMS Summary 1 In this paper wavelet transform was assessed as a new tool for processing of acoustic full waveforms. The goals of the research were to: identify and separate P S and Stoneley wave packages determine arrivals and durations of respective waves and eliminate low- and highfrequency noise from acoustic wavetrains. The basis of Discrete (DWT) and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) are introduced and the way of applying wavelet analyses to processing of acoustic full waveforms is presented. Evaluation was done on the basis of slowness. Transit
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Frequency Content of P and S Waves in Different Lithologies from Acoustic Full Waveforms
More LessP063 FREQUENCY CONTENT OF P AND S WAVES IN DIFFERENT LITHOLOGIES FROM ACOUSTIC FULL WAVEFORMS Summary 1 The goal of the presented research was to recognize an acoustic frequency content of compressional and shear waves in different type of rocks. Analyses were focused on finding dominant frequency as well frequency band for particular lithologies. Additionally the influence of gas saturation on frequency content of P and S-waves were examined. As a result characteristic frequency pattern for rocks of different lithology is shown and the range of frequency content as well dominant frequency is determined. Additionally the influence of gas on
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3D Approximate Joint Inversion of Refraction Traveltimes and Guided Wave Dispersion Data
Authors T. Ormos and M. DobrokaP064 3D approximate joint inversion of refraction traveltimes and guided wave dispersion data Abstract 1 In the exploration of near-surface geological structures seismic waves play important role. As it is well-known seismic guided waves contain information about the structural- and material parameters of the wave-guide model so – using the methods of geophysical inversion – these characteristics can be determined by means of the frequency-dependent phase- and group velocity as well as absorption coefficient data. Similarly refraction seismic traveltimes are frequently used in solving engineering- and environmental geophysical problems. In this paper the approximate horizontal inversion method (Dobróka 2004) is
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Potencial and Use of 2D Electrical Tomography in Slurry Ponds to Establish Environmental Pollution
Authors P. Martinez Pagán, A. Faz, T.E. Fischer, E. Aracil and U. MaruriP065 Z-99 Potential and Use of 2D Electrical Tomography Abstract Introduction 1 in Slurry Ponds to Establish Environmental Pollution MARTÍNEZ PAGÁN P 1 . FAZ A 1 . FISCHER T 2 . ARACIL E 3 . MARURI U 3 . 1 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF CARTAGENA (SPAIN) 2 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON (USA) 3 ANALISIS Y GESTIÓN DEL SUBSUELO S.L. (SPAIN) According to Ministry of Agriculture Fishing and Food of Spain (Ministerio de Agricultura Pesca y Alimentación M.A.P.Y.A. 2001) Spain ranked second in the number of pig stock (after Germany) in the European Union-15 with more than 22 million head (Llona 2005)
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Evaluation of the Danger of Ground Surface Damage in Mining Areas Based on Migrating Cavities Effect in Seismic and Gravity Surveys
Authors R. Slusarczyk and J. DecP066 Evaluation of the danger of ground surface damage in mining areas based on migrating cavities effect in seismic and gravity surveys Introduction 1 Seismic and gravity surveys were carried out over the mining area of the “Wirek-Polska” coalmine in Chorzów Poland. The surveys covered the area of old shallow workings which still pose the risk of ground surface damage. The study area is built of Carboniferous rocks covered by Quaternary deposits: loamy sands and clays of a few meters thickness. Sandstones mudstones shales and coal seams of series 500 represent the Carboniferous there. The erosion surface of those rocks
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Evidences of Slope Instability Caused by Gas Hydrate Dissociation Offsore Antarctic Peninsula
Authors U. Tinivela, F. Accaino and B. Della VedovaP067 EVIDENCES OF SLOPE INSTABILITY CAUSED BY GAS HYDRATE DISSOCIATION OFFSORE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA Abstract 1 The global warming produces over part of Antarctic ice-cap amplified signals; this is especially the case of the transition zone between the Antarctic Peninsula and the adjacent Drake passage. The presence of a diffused and discontinuous BSR and of a relevant gas hydrate reservoir on the South Shetland margin designates this area as a crucial observatory with respect to the climatic change. We show here the preliminary results obtained last year in the investigated area in the frame of the Progetto Nazionale di Ricerche in
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Attenuation of Vibrations Induced by Blasting in Conglomerate Rock Formation
Authors T.D. Papadopoulos and G.V. KaplanidisZ-99 Title P068 Attenuation of Vibrations Induced by Blasting in Conglomerate Rock Formation AUTHOR Summary 1 Abstract Ground vibrations produced by blasting are of high interest because of the possibility of damages to structures (e.g. cosmetic cracking foundation wall cracks) and because they can be annoying to humans. Therefore control of vibrations is very significant especially when structures are near the blasting area. This paper only considers the simplified calculation of the attenuation equation of vibrations produced by blasting in conglomerate rock formation. In particular the paper calculates the Log-normally distributed attenuation of peak particle velocity (PPV) as a function
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Geophysical Investigations on the Zvirynets' Caves Territory in Kyiv
Authors N.A. Yakymchuk, S.P. Levashov, I.M. Korchagin, N.G. Dravert and J.M. PyschaniyP069 GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE ZVIRYNETS’ CAVES TERRITORY IN KYIV 1 S.P. LEVASHOV 1 2 N.A. YAKYMCHUK 1 2 I.N. KORCHAGIN 3 N.G. DRAVERT 2 JU.M. PYSCHANIY 2 1 Institute of applied problems of Ecology Geophysics and Geochemistry Laboratory lane 1 Kyiv 01133 Ukraine 2 Management and Marketing Center of Institute of Geological Science e-mail: [email protected] [email protected] 3 Institute of Geophysics of Ukraine National Academy of Science e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The results of geoelectric and seismic-acoustic investigations on the Zvirynets’ Caves territory in Kyiv are given. The areas of the underground passages possible continuation were determined. The zones with increased
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Detecting the Structures and Cavities with Sensitive Magnetometers at Two Different Archeological Sites in Iran
Authors F. Jafari, E. Shahin and A. VatandoostP070 Detecting the structures and cavities with sensitive magnetometers at two different archeological Sites in Iran Abstract 1 Magnetic Method goes to be one of the most important methods in archeology. With sensitive instruments by continues and compact surveys we can detect small anomalies very easily.We present the application of this method in two Iranian archeological sites with different type of anomalies. In Perspolice with gradient method and without any more interpretation we found two ancient walls that has been covered with soils but in the historical texts people has been written about them. Iin Veshnaveh by using interpretation techniques
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Influences of the Archaeomagnetic Variations on Magnetic Structure and Field ?T of Pottery Kilns
Authors V.V. Glazunov, N.N. Efimova and K.M. ErmokhineP071 Influences of the Archaeomagnetic Variations on Magnetic Structure and Field ΔT of Pottery Kilns Introduction 1 Shape magnetic anisotropy effect causes thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) vectors refraction. It can determine the significant errors of classical archaeomagnetic investigation results. On the basis of magnetic structure of a pottery kilns modelling it is shown that the refraction error correction for the archaeomagnetic dating is necessary and possible. The results of modelling demostrated that the differeces of magnetic field ΔT of kilns determined by archaeomagnetic variations of geomagnetic field are considerable. It can be used for estimation of the ancient geomagnetic field vector
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Radar Mapping of a Roman Villa-Estate at Baláca, Hungary
Authors P.Á. Miklós and N. BoriszlávP072 Radar mapping of a Roman villa-estate at Baláca Hungary Summary 1 This paper summarises the short history of the geophysical research carried out in Hungary at the Roman archaeological site Baláca in the last twenty years also mentioning the results of the earlier and contemporary excavation activity concerning the geophysical aspects. The mapping of the NE corner of the Roman villa-estate is discussed in detail. The first measurements started with resistivity profiling in 1984 only with general overview purposes. On the resulted anomaly map new – earlier unknown – remnants (traces of building) were discovered. After 15 years of
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GPR Prospection and Time Lapse Electrical Resistivity Tomography to Delineate Low Contrast Structures in an Archaeological Site
Authors G. Ranieri, R. Deiana, C. Piga, D. Salvi and A. TroguP073 GPR PROSPECTION AND TIME LAPSE ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY TO DELINEATE LOW CONTRAST STRUCTURES IN AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE 1 Introduction In the archaeological field the geophysical methods are the most suitable and economic way to a priori knowledge of the buried structures. Usually after applying some classical processing and inversion techniques geophysical data can provide useful insights to choice the points where carry on selective diggings. However in some cases it is impossible to distinguish the archaeological structures from sterile ground because of their very low electrical contrast. In the present paper an application based on georadar and ERT time
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Preliminary Results of the Geophysical Survey inside “Palazzo dei Celestini”, Lecce, Italy
More LessP074 Preliminary results of the geophysical survey inside “Palazzo dei Celestini” Lecce Italy Abstract 1 This paper reports the preliminary results of a combined GPR and geoelectrical survey performed inside the cloister of “Palazzo dei Celestini” in Lecce Southern Italy. The historical palace was originally a monastery directly connected to the Basilica of “Santa Croce” and now the head office of the Province of Lecce Administration and the Prefecture. With their scenographic baroque façade Santa Croce and Palazzo dei Celestini constitute the most famous architectural complex of the historical centre of Lecce. The high capillarity of the fine-grained calcarenitic stone
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Integrated Geophysical Surveys in an Archaeological Site in the Ardea Municipality (Rome)
Authors V. Eulilli, L. Bonci, S. Calcaterra and P. GambinoP075 Integrated geophisical surveys in an archaeological site in the Ardea municipality (Rome) Abstract In this paper we present the results of geophysical surveys carried out in an archaeological area near Rome (Italy). The main goal was the detection of buried ancient structures and consequently the reconstruction of the stratigraphical setting. Different methodologies as resistivity ground penetrating radar and magnetics are used to improve the geological and archaeological knowledge.Therefore 15 electrical resistivity profiles have been measured in an area of about 2.000 square meters. In the same area a magnetic survey has been run applying the technique of the vertical
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Geophysical Prospection at a Buried Spanish Fort in South Argentina
Authors E. Lascano, V. Bongiovanni, A. Osella, S. Buscaglia and X. SenatoreP076 Geophysical Prospection at a Buried Spanish Fort in South Argentina Abstract E. LASCANO V. BONGIOVANNI A. OSELLA S. BUSCAGLIA X. SENATORE Dto. de Física - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales - Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria - Pab.I 1428 Buenos Aires-Argentina. E-mail: [email protected] Dto. Antropología – Facultad de Filosofía y Letras – Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina Geophysical methods were applied to characterize the Floridablanca archaeological site at San Julian Bay Argentina. It corresponded to a little village established as part of a Spanish Crown project for the colonization and defence of the Patagonian Atlantic Coast. In
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Large-Scale Resistivity and Magnetic Explorations at the Burgaz Archaeological Site, Turkey
Authors M.A. Berge, M.G. Drahor, T.O. Kurtulmus and G. Gokturkler1 P077 LARGE-SCALE RESISTIVITY AND MAGNETIC SUMMARY The aim of this study is to investigate an archaeological site by large-scale resistivity method and then to compare the results with the conventional large-scale magnetics. The resistivity data were collected in 3-D manner by pole-pole configuration using multi-channel measuring technique. The magnetic data were acquired by gradient technique using an FM-36 gradiometer. Then the resistivity data were inverted by using the smoothness-constrained and robust algorithms. The magnetic and resistivity data quietly supported each other. In addition archaeological excavations verified the results of large-scale geophysical surveys. Keywords: archaeology large-scale geophysics magnetic resistivity inversion
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Sinkhole Hazard Assesment in the Dead Sea Area – Two Geophysical Aspects of the Problem
Authors M. Ezersky, A. Al-Zoubi, C. Camerlynck, S. Keydar, A. Legchenko and M. RybakovP078 SINKHOLE HAZARD ASSESMENT IN THE DEAD SEA AREA – TWO GEOPHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM 1 Summary A combination of different surface geophysical techniques is used as a tool for sinkhole development prediction. While each of the geophysical methods alone does not in general facilitate reliable detection of subsurface voids the combination of different geophysical methods does allow us to detect (1) the dissolution caves within the salt unit (Microgravity and Seismic Diffraction); (2) the depth to the water table (MRS) and (3) distribution of the bulk resistivity (related to salinity) over the space (TEM and CVES) with greater
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Repeated Geophysical Surveys for the Preservation of Architectural Monuments
By Z.M. SlepakP079 Repeated Geophysical Surveys for the Preservation of Architectural Monuments Annotation 1 This paper describes the methodology and results of the geophysical monitoring conducted within the architectural buildings as well as the newly discovered opportunities to use highprecision gravimeter survey and transient electromagnetic sounding for studying active geological processes immediately below the buildings and constructions. By the example of the Kazan Kremlin the paper shows how the damaged parts of basements of the architectural monuments deformed or broken by the action of underground water can be effectively located using geophysical monitoring. Introduction The life span of architectural monuments in urbanised
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A Shear Wave Velocity Survey for Seismic Hazard Zonation Studies in Dehradun, India
Authors A.K. Mahajan, R.J. Sporry and S.K. ChabakP080 A shear wave velocity survey for seismic hazard zonation studies in Dehradun India Abstract 1 Dehradun the capital of Uttaranchal State in India has a long history of high level seismic activity which resulted at times in heavy damage to roads and buildings. In order to prepare a seismic hazard zonation map a survey was carried out to map the distribution of shear wave velocities in urban Dehradun and close surroundings. The Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) as proposed by Park et al (1999) was used and data was collected at some 20 sites. Seismic data was collected
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Pipe Detection at Arbitrary Angles Using Ground-Penetrating Radar
Authors W. Al-Nuaimy and S. ShihabP081 PIPE DETECTION AT ARBITRARY ANGLES USING GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR Summary 1 Near Surface 2005 — Palermo Italy 5 - 8 September 2005 AUTHORS W. AL-NUAIMY and S. SHIHAB Address Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of Liverpool Brownlow Hill Liverpool L69 3GJ This abstract outlines a technique to automatically detect and maps pipes using ground penetrating radar (GPR). The novelty of this technique is that it utilizes information obtained from multiple radar images to accurately map even pipes buried at arbitrary orientations with respect to the direction of the radar survey line. Indeed this method allows GPR data acquisition
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Model Study of the Resolution of Resistivity Tomography with Different Electrode Arrays
Authors B.E. Danielsen, T. Dahlin and J.E. DanielsenP082 MODEL STUDY OF THE RESOLUTION OF RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY WITH DIFFERENT ELECTRODE ARRAYS B. E. DANIELSEN 1 T. DAHLIN 1 J. E. DANIELSEN 1 2 Introduction 1 1 Lund University Engineering Geology Box 118 S-221 00 Lund Sweden Near Surface 2005 — Palermo Italy 4 - 7 September 2005 2 Now at EMGS Norway In connection to a large tunnel project in Sweden a model study of the resolution of resistivity tomography with different electrode arrays has been carried out. Resistivity tomography will be used within the tunnel project for in site measurements in boreholes in front of a TBM
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