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Near Surface 2005 - 11th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics
- Conference date: 04 Sep 2005 - 07 Sep 2005
- Location: Palermo, Italy
- Published: 04 September 2005
51 - 100 of 180 results
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Multi-Method Geophysical Survey for the Study of a Holocene Landslide System
By O.N. CutlacB007 Multi-method geophysical survey for the study of a Holocene landslide system Introduction 1 Landslides are complex structures and their study requires the use of complementary techniques such as GPR electrical resistivity or seismic refraction. Ancient landslide systems are particularly difficult to characterize as they normally display post-landslide sedimentation and compaction of debris. In general pre-landslide stratification is not preserved and the slump deposits will appear as areas showing chaotic features diffractions (in a GPR profile) as areas bounded by irregular interfaces (in a seismic refraction model). Refraction seismic-electrical resistivity measurements represent the most common combination of geophysical methods for
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Geophysical Studies in Two Landslide Sites in Turkey
Authors M.G. Drahor, G. Gokturkler, M.A. Berge and T.O. KurtulmusB008 GEOPHYSICAL STUDIES IN TWO LANDSLIDE SUMMARY SITES IN TURKEY 1 In this study two landslide sites (Kadifekale-İzmir and Zeytinli Tepe-Söke Turkey) were investigated by resistivity self-potential seismic refraction and electromagnetic-VLF methods. Resistivity data were collected with multi-electrode measuring system and then processed by 2-D inversion technique. Also the seismic data from Kadifekale landslide area were processed by using the refraction tomography method. After all processing the geometry and boundary of the landslides the characterizations of slipped mass and the thickness of disturbed and undisturbed zones were clearly determined. Keywords: Electromagnetic-VLF landslide resistivity inversion seismic tomography selfpotential Turkey INTRODUCTION M.
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Geophysical Data Fusion by Fuzzy Logic for Imaging Earthflow Mechanical Behavior
Authors G. Grandjean, J.P. Malet, A. Bitri and O. MericB009 Z-99 Geophysical data fusion by fuzzy logic for imaging earthflow mechanical behavior Introduction 1 G.GRANDJEAN 1 J.P. MALET 2 A.BITRI 1 O.MERIC 3 1 BRGM BP 6009 Orléans France 2 Faculty of Geosciences UCEL University of Utrecht P.O. Box 80.115 3508 TC Utrecht Netherlands 3 LIRIGM University Joseph Fourier Maison des Géosciences F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 France The aim of this work is to combine the geophysical parameters P-wave velocity (Vp) S-wave velocity (Vs) and electrical resistivity (ρ) for describing the structure of landslides in term of mechanical behavior. The study is focused on the Super-Sauze site (Fig.1; Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
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The Contribution of Electrical Resistivity Measurements to the Analysis of Landslide Events
Authors E. Piegari, R. Di Maio, G. Giordano, P. Capizzi, R. Curciotti, L. Milano and M. NicodemiB010 THE CONTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS TO THE ANALYSIS OF LANDSLIDE EVENTS Abstract 1 In order to gain insight into the study of natural avalanches dynamics we illustrate a statistical model based on a dissipative dynamical variable associated to a position dependent factor of safety field. This model as experimentally demonstrated is able to reproduce the complex structure of landslide events such as power-law distributions. In this paper we introduce an explicit dependence of the safety factor on the electrical resistivity to simulate landslide events in pyroclastic soils. An application of the model to data acquired in a test
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A Complex Geoscientiffic Strategy for Landslide Hazard Mitigation – Case Study Sibratsgfäll
More LessB011 A COMPLEX GEOSCIENTIFIC STRATEGY FOR LANDSLIDE HAZARD MITIGATION – CASE STUDY SIBRATSGFÄLL Abstract 1 A short period of heavy precipitation and the rapid melting of snow in spring of 1999 initiated a catastrophic landslide on the South-flank of the Rubach Valley near Sibratsgfäll in the federal state of Vorarlberg (Austria). The 1.4 km 2 wide slide area covered from 830 m to 1500 m seelevel. The movement rates of rock- and debris bodies involved exceeded up to 1m per day. A complex geoscientiffic research programmwas initiated shortly after the first slide activity was noticed. The study incorporated a geo-morphological
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A Complex Airborne Geophysical Strategy for Volcanic Risk Mitigation at the Aeolian Island
Authors R. Supper, C. Stotter, K. Motschka, I. Schattauer, B. Meurers, S. Okuma and M. ChiappiniB012 A COMPLEX AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICAL STRATEGY FOR VOLCANIC RISK MITIGATION AT THE AEOLIAN ISLANDS Abstract 1 During recent years a complex airborne geophysical program has been stated at the Eolian Islands Sicily to investigate the airborne geophysical methods for their application to volcanic risk mitigation. The main focus was concentrated on the airborne magnetic method especially repeated magnetic measurements. So far the areas of Vulcano-Lipari Salina Panarea and Stromboli have been surveyed using high resolution airborne magnetic mapping. Within this presentation the achieved advances and encountered problems will be discussed. Further on the results of measurements and their applicability using
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Geophysical Data in the Reconstruction and Characterization of Plio-Quaternary Sediments
Authors L. Orlando, G. Pelliccioni and P. MarsanB013 GEOPHYSICAL DATA IN THE RECONSTRUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PLIO-QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS Abstract 1 This paper presents a case study on the capability of geophysical methods to reconstruct and characterize the surficial formations of a complex geological area. The area is located in a high seismic risk zone where there is contact between the Laziale-Abbruzzese and Umbro- Marchigiana seriers (central Italy) and where Plio-Quaternary sediments fill the tectonic valleys. The geophysical surveys collected on the outcropping Plio-Quaternary sediments include refraction P- and SV-waves high-resolution seismic reflection vertical electrical soundings (VES) and electrical tomography. The geophysical data were constrained with drillings and
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Shear Wave Velocity-Depth Determination for the Upper Rhine Mid/South Seismic Risk Microzonation
Authors U. Polom, D. Fäh, H.-B. Havenith, C. Pohl, A. Roullé, S. Stange and B. SteinerB014 SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY-DEPTH DETERMINATION FOR THE UPPER RHINE MID/SOUTH SEISMIC RISK MICROZONATION Summary 1 During the spatial extension of the existing seismic microzonation studies of the city of Basel (Fäh et al. 1997) to the adjacent urban areas of Weil a.R. Lörrach in Germany and St. Louis Huningue Village-Neuf in France the spectral analysis of Rayleigh waves and combined shear wave seismic refraction reflection and VSP measurements should support the subsurface velocity-depth structure estimation by H/V-measurements. Due to the different alluvial sedimentation cycles the adjacent Rheingraben fault zone and a long period of anthropogenic activities inhomogeneous shear wave velocity
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Borehole Characterisation of Saturated Unconsolidated Sediments
More LessB015 Borehole characterisation of saturated unconsolidated sediments Summary 1 Seismic velocity and density of clastic sedimentary rocks usually increases with depth due to compaction and porosity reduction. In fully saturated environments Vp velocity trend is manly affected by water velocity and sediments compaction Vs velocity depends on quality of surface contact between matrix grain. Seismic measurements on 40 meters depth borehole were conducted according two different schemes: downhole with a single shots close to the borehole using a string four 3-component geophones (four geophones) and a walkaway VSP using a string of hydrophones. The main objective of the experiments was
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Well Logging and Seismic Attributes for the Best Velocity Model of Rock Formation
Authors K. Wawrzyniak, J. Jarzyna and A. BugajskiB016 Well logging and seismic attributes for the best velocity model of rock formation Abstract 1 A comparison of log measurements and results of the comprehensive interpretation in aspect of mineral composition porosity and saturation determination in borehole profile with seismic attributes was performed in the Miocene sandy-shaly formation in the Polish part of the Carpathian foredeep. A detailed analysis of slowness in several boreholes showed once more that construction of velocity model only on the basis of sonic logs in the sedimentary succession consisted of thin sandstone mudstone and siltstone laminas saturated with gas is very difficult and in
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Focusing Inversion Technique Applied to Radar Tomographic Data
Authors G. Vignoli and L. ZanziB017 Focusing inversion technique applied to radar tomographic data Summary 1 Traveltime tomography is a very effective tool to reconstruct acoustic seismic or electromagnetic wave speed distribution. To infer the velocity image of the medium from the measurements of first arrivals is a typical example of ill-posed problem. In the framework of Tikhonov regularization theory in order to replace an ill-posed problem by a well-posed one and to get a unique and stable solution a stabilizing functional (stabilizer) has to be introduced. The stabilizer selects the desired solution from a class of solutions with a specific physical and/or geometrical property;
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Cluster Analysis for Log Data for Thin Miocene Beds
More LessB018 Cluster analysis for log data for thin Miocene beds. Summary 1 An accurate lithological prediction using wireline logs in the Miocene sediments in the Carpathian Foredeep is not a simple problem due to the thin interbedded sandy-shale sequences (Fig. 1.) [Dziadzio 2000; Karnkowski 1999]. Statistical methods i.e. principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) were applied for selecting a combination of the most informative logs for determining in detail sandstone beds and reducing number of data [Kazmierczuk-Kotula 2004]. Because we were not fully satisfied with the results of previous approach other statistical method i.e. cluster analysis was used
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In-Mine Electrical Resistance Tomography for Imaging the Continuity of Tabular Orebodies
More LessB019 In-mine electrical resistance tomography for imaging the continuity of tabular orebodies Abstract 1 One of the strengths of the electrical resistance tomography (ERT) technique is its flexibility in terms of survey geometries. In this paper an unconventional and novel ERT application that is geometrically analogous to in-seam seismic tomography is introduced. The novelty of the application is its in-mine tunnel-to-tunnel use to target a thin near-horizontal tabular orebody. The objective of this ERT application is to delineate geological features that disrupt the lateral continuity of the economic horizon. Results from in-mine trial surveys are presented to support the concept.
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Microgravity and Micromagnetic Solution for Dead Sea Sinkholes Problem
By M. RybakovB020 MICROGRAVITY AND MICROMAGNETIC SOLUTION FOR DEAD SEA SINKHOLES PROBLEM Introduction May 2004 1 Near Surface 2005 — Palermo Italy 4 - 7 September 2005 M. RYBAKOV Geophysical Institute of Israel P .O. Box 182 Lod 71100 Israel [email protected] Sinkholes—large open holes that result from the earth simply collapsing—are a serious environmental problem and hazard around the Dead Sea (Figures 1 and 2). It seems that ground collapse is directly associated to the fast drop of Dead Sea level during the last decades. That accelerated a groundwater circulation and produced subsurface hollows due to the dissolution of a buried salt
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Adaptive Filter for Detection of Isometric Magnetic Anomalies of Archaeological Objects
Authors N.N. Efimova and V.V. GlazunovB021 Adaptive Filter for Detection of Isometric Magnetic Anomalies of Archaeological Objects Abstract 1 We present an original algorithm for an adaptive filter to be used for detection and identification of magnetic anomalies Δ T of archaeological and technogenic objects that may be of practical importance. The digital filter parameters are formed on the basis of the generalized property of sources of isometric magnetic anomalies. The adaptive filter allows to localize coordinates of center of objects on the observation plane and identify the object anomaly Δ T against the background of intensive interferences. High efficiency of the filter is proved
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Integrated Geophysical Methods to Detect Buried Structures for Arcaeological Prospection
Authors E. Cardarelli, F. Fischanger and S. PiroB022 Integrated geophysical methods to detect buried structures for archeological prospection 1 Introduction Location and determination of dimensions and shapes of buried historical evidences it is a task that generally in the last times is let to geophysics because of the improvement of automatically measuring geophysical systems and of the inversion algorithms. In particular 2- D electrical method permits the acquisition of large measurements in short time consequently the interpretation and inversion procedure have to be accurate. Algorithm For this reason Cardarelli and Fischanger (2003) developed a new tool for two-dimensional apparent resistivity data modelling and inversion which permits to
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Archaeological Investigations by Means of Resistivity Inversion
Authors G.N. Tsokas, N.G. Papadopoulos, P. Tsourlos and A. SarrisB023 Archaeological Investigations by Means of Resistivity Inversion Introduction 1 N.G. PAPADOPOULOS 1 2 G.N.TSOKAS 1 P. TSOURLOS 1 and A. SARRIS 2 1 Department of Geophysics School of Geology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece. The Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) technique is considered a relatively new geophysical method which has been rapidly evolved during the last decade. It gives a depth section of the subsurface and has been applied with great success to solve hydrogeological geological environmental geotechnical and archaeological problems. In this work the application and the effectiveness of two-dimensional and three-dimensional non-linear inversion schemes in the processing
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Magnetic Tomography by Weighted Averages of Magnetization – Application to Archaeological Areas
By M. FediB024 Magnetic tomography by Weighted Averages of Magnetization: application to archaeological areas Abstract 1 Recently it was shown (Fedi 2003) that magnetic anomalies may be easily and fastly interpreted in terms of Weighted Averages of Magnetization (WAM) by a simple transformation. The transformation consisting of dividing at each measurement point the experimental magnetic field by a normalizing field yields a straightforward link among source and field position vectors and allows sources at different depths to be well discriminated throughout a tomographic 3D representation. The transformation algorithm is very fast (60 sec were necessary for a Pentium IV processor to perform
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Analysis of the Dynamic Response of the Archaeological site of Tindari (NE Sicily)
Authors A. Bottari, C. Saccá and C. Bottari125.5 m B025 Analysis of the dynamic response of the archaeological site of Tindari (NE Sicily) Abstract 1 The first results of the dynamic modelling of the ground of the archaeological site of Tindari are presented with the aim of explaining the coseismic deformations recently discovered along the decumanus floor. Dynamic modelling of the site The phenomenon of amplification of the seismic waves between the bedrock and the top of the Tindari promontory where the homonymous archaeological site is located. In particular the analysis has been focused in the area of the decumanus of which recent excavations have emphasized the
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Preliminary Geophysical Investigations at Konar Sandal Archaeological Site, Jiroft, Iran
Authors D. Rousset, G. Sénéchal, É. Fouache, D. Garçon and Y. MadjidzadehB026 �������� � ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ���������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������� � ������� � ���� � ���� � ������� � ��� � ����� � ���������� � ������ � �� � ������� � �� � � ��������������������������������� ������������ ����������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������� ������������������������������� ��������� � ���� � ������ � �� � ����� ������� � ���� � �������� � ���� ����� � ���������� � ������������ �������� � ������ � �� � ��������� ����������������������������� ����������� � ��� � �� � ������� ��������������������������������� �� � �������� � ��� � ���� � ��� � ���� ��������������������������������� ��������� ���� � ��� � ������� � ��������� �������������� � �������
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Regularized Focused Inversion of Magnetic Gradient Measurements in Archaeology
Authors A. El-Bassiony and A. WellerB027 REGULARIZED FOCUSED INVERSION OF MAGNETIC GRADIENT MEASUREMENTS IN ARCHAEOLOGY SUMMARY 1 A regularized inversion algorithm was developed to invert the magnetic vertical gradient measurements for archaeological purposes. The algorithm uses constrains on the susceptibility contrast of the structure’s material to obtain a focused image. An approximate model was used to control the inversion result and to prevent unreliable and unstable inversion results. The Tikhonov parametric functional was used with a minimum support stabilizing functional for the model norm to yield a highly focused solution. The regularization parameter was selected according to the best trade-off between the lowest misfit and
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The Application of Different Geophysical Tomographic Techniques to the Study of Cultural Heritage Structures
Authors M. Marchisio, G. Morelli, L. D‘Onofrio, L. Angeloni, A. Bianchi and S. SartiniB028 THE APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT GEOPHYSICAL TOMOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES TO THE STUDY OF CULTURAL HERITAGE STRUCTURES 1 SUMMARY The Geophysical Section of the Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile of the University of Pisa has been active in researches on the application of non-pervasive geophysical surveys on the masonry structures of historical buildings for more than fifteen years. As the main problem is to put in evidence the internal situation of structural elements (walls pillars etc.) the tomographic methods were used. We used both microseismic and geoelectric techniques. The results have been very interesting so we were encouraged to go on in three
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Seismic Vulnerability of the Main Gate of the Yousen Temple in Yuri-Honjo City
Authors J.C. Tokeshi, Y. Sano, M.B. Karkee and C.H. CuadraB029 Seismic Vulnerability of the Main Gate of the Yousen Temple in Yuri-Honjo City Abstract 1 JUAN C. TOKESHI YOUHEI SANO MADAN B. KARKEE CARLOS H. CUADRA T 015-0055 Tsuchiya aza Ebinokuchi 84-4 Yuri-Honjo shi Akita Prefecture JAPAN Structure Mechanics Laboratory Department of Architecture and Environment System Akita Prefectural University The seismic vulnerability of the main gate of the Yousen Temple in Yuri-Honjo city is evaluated. This main gate constructed from 1863 to 1865 and designated as intangible cultural asset by Akita Prefecture is a traditional Japanese two layers wooden building (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). The vibration characteristics of
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Inspection of Architectural Structures with Integrated Electrical Methodologies and Infrared Thermography
Authors C. Meola, P. Cosentino, R. Di Maio, P. Capizzi, R. Curciotti, N. Roberti and M.G. SoldovieriB030 INSPECTION OF ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES WITH INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL METHODOLOGIES AND INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY Abstract 1 The attention of this paper was focused on the detection of moisture and local inhomogeneities inside architectural structures with electrical methodologies and infrared thermography. To this end a suitable specimen was fabricated using a mixture of sand water and concrete and with slag inclusions. To monitor the moisture variation with time in concrete nondestructive evaluation with both the techniques was made three months after the specimen fabrication and repeated again six months later. Introduction The inspection of architectural structures generally includes various targets: variations in concrete
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GPR Survey of the Byzantine Monastery San Pietro Di Deca in Torrenova, Messina, Italy
Authors S. Seren, A. Eder-Hinterleitener and K. LöckerB031 GPR survey of the Byzantine monastery San Pietro di Deca in Torrenova Messina Italy Abstract 1 S. SEREN A. EDER-HINTERLEITNER and K. LÖCKER ZAMG – Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics Hohe Warte 38 A-1190 Vienna Austria In the municipal district of Torrenova (Province of Messina Italy) a GPR survey of a Byzantine monastery complex has been carried out in the context of the FWF-project P 14997 “Conventazzo (Torrenova Italien): Archäologie und Geschichte”. The prospected site bears the name “Santo Pietro” which surely derives from the Byzantine monastery Santo Pietro (e Paolo) di Deca that formerly has been situated
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ERT and GPR Survey for the Detection of Tunnels in the Park of Aegaleo (Athens)
Authors G. Vargemezis, G. Tsokas, P. Tsourlos, P. Sotiropoulos and N. PsarinopoulosB032 Z-99 ERT and GPR survey for the detection of tunnels in the park of Aegaleo (Athens) Abstract 1 TSOKAS 1 G. TSOURLOS 1 P. VARGEMEZIS 1 G. SOTIROPOULOS 2 P AND PSARINOPOULOS 3 N 1 Laboratory of Exploration Geophysics Aristotle’s Univ. of Thessaloniki 54124 Thessaloniki Greece 2 Terramentor Sarantaporou 8 15342 Agia Paraskevi Greece 3 Municipality of Aegaleo Iera Odos 364 12243 Aegaleo Greece A tunnel system exists under the park of Aegaleo in Athens. Because fears were expressed that some parts of the park may collapse action was undertaken to find the old tunnels and map them if
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Gravity Analytic Signal Function as a Tool for Finding Anomaly Edges
Authors H. Hashemi, S.A. Razavi and A. NejatiB033 Gravity analytic signal function as a tool for finding anomaly edges Abstract 1 One of the efficient methods for finding the magnetic and gravity anomalies is the use of horizontal and vertical gradients. It is obvious that the combination of two gradients can be more sensitive to the density contrast. This means that the gravity anomaly edges are more resolvable in this combined method. The key tool for finding vertical gradient out of the data in this paper is Hilbert transform. The transform determine the vertical gradient with a 90 degree phase shift of horizontal gradient. In this paper
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Mineshaft Detection in the Built Environment Using 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography
Authors J.E. Chambers, A.L. Weller, P.B. Wilkinson, R.D. Ogilvy, P.I. Meldrum and S. CauntB034 MINESHAFT DETECTION IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT USING 3D ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY 1 Summary A 3D surface electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey of a mineshaft is described. The work was commissioned by the Coal Authority (CA) as a component of a wider research programme designed to investigate the suitability of a range of geophysical techniques for the detection of hidden mine entries. In this case a built environment site (Site D) was selected which contained a backfilled mineshaft. The survey was intended as a blind test of the 3D ERT surface technique so the surface of the site had been
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New Perspectives in Buried Utility Detection and Mapping with a Multi-Scan GPR System
Authors R. Francese and G. MorelliB035 Z-99 New perspectives in buried utility detection and mapping with a multi-scan GPR system Summary 1 ROBERTO FRANCESE 1 AND GIANFRANCO MORELLI 2 1 Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale OGS – Sgonico (Trieste) Italy Underground utility detection and mapping is a relevant issue to the social community as regard to management cost-effectiveness and quality of the provided services. The rapid urban development started in the early sixties and the progressive adjustment of the adduction networks caused a rapid and chaotic growth of the buried infrastructures. The need of a reliable cartography of the shallow subsurface became
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2D GPR and Geoelectrical Modelling – Tests on Man–Made Tunnels and Cavities
Authors P. Capizzi, P.L. Cosentino, G. Fiandaca, R. Martorana and P. MessinaB036 2D GPR AND GEOELECTRICAL MODELLING: TESTS ON MAN–MADE TUNNELS AND CAVITIES Introduction 1 Many engineering and environmental projects require geophysical exploration to minimize the geological risk connected with the presence of natural or artificial tunnels and cavities (air and/or water filled). Many studies have been carried out to optimize the procedures to investigate these cavities using many geophysical methods (Beres et al. 2001; Lì et al. 2004). In this paper we like to confirm the reliability of combined geophysical methodologies (GPR and ERT) and relative modelling to detect and locate cavities in a particular site (Marsala Western Sicily) where
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Numerical Modeling of Magnetic Resonance Signal from Water-Filled Cavities
Authors J.-F. Girard, M. Boucher, A. Legchenko and J.-M. BaltassatB037 Numerical Modeling of Magnetic Resonance Signal from water-filled Cavities Summary 1 For the Magnetic Resonance Sounding method (MRS) a water-filled karstic cavity is a typical example of 2D/3D target. For practical purposes these cavities should be localized with very high accuracy. However due to a strong dependence on the geomagnetic field MRS performance is in turn dependent on the geographical location of investigated area. Efficiency of actually available MRS system with coincident transmitting/receiving loop applied to localization of 2D/3D structures with a size smaller than MRS loop size was studied numerically. It was shown that MRS results are sensitive
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Groundwater Inspection in Coastal Aquifers Using MT and AMT Methods
Authors M. Di Mauro, A. Manzella, G. Ranieri, G.P. Deidda and A. CasasB038 Groundwater Inspection in coastal aquifers using MT and AMT Methods Summary 1 In the framework of the SWIMED Salt Water Intrusion European Project the coastal aquifers of Muravera south-western Sardinia have been studied. Intensive agricultural and tourist activities have exploited these aquifers in the past. Since few years a salt-water intrusion happens mainly caused by a recurring lasting drought by aquaculture system and by intensive rice growing. Geophysical studies performed in past in the same area showed deep geological structures and placed questions about 300 meters deep groundwater conditions. In Muravera plain Gravimetric Seismic and TDEM Electromagnetic surveys have
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River-Bottom DC Resistivity for 3-D Imaging in Seoul Subway Tunnel Site
More LessB039 RIVER-BOTTOM DC RESISTIVITY FOR 3-D IMAGING IN SEOUL SUBWAY TUNNEL SITE Abstract 1 For site investigation related to planning Seoul subway tunnel construction river-bottom dipole-dipole resistivity survey was conducted in Han-River. In this case we need more precise subsurface information compared with bridge or mountain tunnel construction. We designed high density 3-D water-bottom resistivity exploration. In addition gradient cesium magnetic survey with DGPS-RTK boat system was also conducted. Before field survey we tried several numerical modeling to test the ability to detect two hidden parallel fracture in the 100Ωm rock body. The 3-D resistivity inversion results showed clear low
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High-Resolution Acoustical Site Exploration in Very Shallow Water – A Case Study
Authors J. Wunderlich, S. Müller, S. Erdmann, P. Huembs, T. Buch and R. EndlerB040 High-Resolution Acoustical Site Exploration in Very Shallow Water – A Case Study Abstract 1 Sub-bottom profiling in very shallow water areas is difficult by using conventional equipment. Sonar systems based on nonlinear acoustics offer many advantages: They have a narrow beam in spite of small transducers and virtually no side lobes. It is possible to realize mobile low-frequent sub-bottom profilers which transmit very short sound pulses. Excellent vertical as well as horizontal resolutions at reasonable penetrations are proven benefits by using this technique. In this paper results from a field trial are presented to illustrate the successful application of
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A Mathematical Basis for an Algorithm for the Modeling of Electrokinetic Sounding Data and Interpretation
Authors V. Hallbauer-Zadorozhnaya, E. Stettler and M. Haugerpressure by time then we convolve the two functions: transient pressure of the delta function by time and displacements of particles of sediments Finally we convolve the obtained results and the transient pressure of the delta function by the pore length. The process of transient of pressure in pore when a step function of pressure is applied to the beginning of that pore was described by Chandler (1981) as: ⎡ ∞ 1 2 1 ⎛πnl ⎞ ⎛ n π C t ⎞⎤ P l t) = P ⎢1 − − ∑ sin⎜ ⎟ ⋅ exp ⎥ = P ⋅ ⎢⎣
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GPR Mapping of a Dissolved Metals Plume Inside an Old Dyeing Plant at Leuze – Belgium
Authors J. Deceuster and O. KaufmannB042 Abstract 1 A two antennas (250 and 500 MHz) constant offset GPR field experiment was conducted on an industrial waste land (an old dyeing plant) to evaluate the technique potential in locating underground storage tanks (expected to be sources of a soil and water contamination by dissolved metals). Data were acquired along 52 parallel profiles inside the main hangar. 2Dsections analyses show areas with many diffractions and gaps. They also pointed out a zone of higher attenuation of the signal linked with higher soil conductivities probably due to the presence of dissolved metals. Finally 3 rectangular structures were showed
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Model Experiments Using AC for the Electrical Detection of Leaks in Landfill Liners
Authors R.F. King, D.H. Griffiths and P.R. AtkinsB043 Model experiments using AC for the electrical detection of leaks in landfill liners 1 Before a landfill site is brought into use it is necessary to check the liner for leaks which show as conductive paths through it and so can be detected by an electrical survey of the pattern of current flow in the thin layer of damp sand above the liner between a current electrode in this layer and one below the liner outside the site. This paper explores the use of AC for such a survey using an electrical network a laboratory model and a miniature
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Induced Polarization Measurements Applied to Irrigation Canals Freshwater Seepage Detection
Authors A. Viezzoli and J.P. CullB044 Z-99 Induced Polarization measurements applied to irrigation canals freshwater seepage detection Summary 1 Near Surface 2005 — Palermo Italy 4 - 7 September 2005 AUTHOR ANDREA VIEZZOLI* JAMES P. CULL Address *Monash University School of Geosciences Wellington Road Clayton 3800 VIC Australia IP data can be easily acquired during a standard galvanic survey on superficial fresh-watercourses. Standard and normalized IP parameters together with conductivity data greatly help the interpretation of the hydrology of the area below the watercourse bed. They are especially useful when variations in lithology and hydrology are concurrent. The few conductivity and IP cross-sections here presented
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Pre-Reclamation Geophysical Test Surveys on a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Authors R. Balia, M. Bianco, B. Littarru and G. RanieriB045 PRE-RECLAMATION GEOPHYSICAL TEST SURVEYS ON A MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL 1 Summary In the framework of the surveys aimed at characterizing an old municipal solid waste landfill prior to its reclamation we carried out gravity both refraction and reflection P-wave seismic and electrical resistivity measurements along one test profile. Apart from the seismic refraction and the electrical resistivity methods rather commonly used for landfill detection and assessment interesting results were obtained from gravity and shallow reflection not so widely used for this kind of application. Gravity was useful at least for delineating the horizontal extent of the landfill while
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An AEM Survey of a Leaking Landfill
By D. BeamishB046 Z-99 AN AEM SURVEY OF A LEAKING LANDFILL 1 Abstract This study presents results obtained from a remarkably small-scale helicopter airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey of a closed landfill. The landfill occupying a former quarry is situated among shallow worked-out coal seams (pillar and stall workings) and was located over at least two mineshafts that occupied the quarry floor. The landfill was known to be leaking from an extensive borehole investigation that took place in the 1970’s when the landfill was active. Redevelopment issues and associated proposed surface extraction of coals have renewed interest in the possible pollution threat of
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Imaging Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers with Electrical Resistivity Tomography – Initial Results from the Lower Andarax Delta, SE Spain
Authors O. Kuras, P.I. Meldrum, R.D. Ogilvy, J. Gisbert, S. Jorreto and F. Sánchez MartosB047 IMAGING SEAWATER INTRUSION IN COASTAL AQUIFERS WITH ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY: INITIAL RESULTS FROM THE LOWER ANDARAX DELTA SE SPAIN Introduction 1 O. KURAS 1 P. I. MELDRUM 1 R. D. OGILVY 1 J. GISBERT 2 S. JORRETO 2 F. SÁNCHEZ MARTOS 2 1 British Geological Survey Electrical Tomography Programme Keyworth Nottingham NG12 5GG United Kingdom 2 Department of Hydrogeology University of Almería Spain The Lower Andarax river basin in the Andalucía region of southeast Spain is an alluvial valley of about 250 km 2 situated in one of the most arid regions in Europe. Its infrequent and irregular precipitation
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Characterization of Unconsolidated Coastal Aquifers with Magnetic Resonance and Electrical Soundings
Authors J.M. Vouillamoz, B. Chatenoux, F. Mathieu, J.M. Baltassat and A. LegchenkoB048 Characterization of unconsolidated coastal aquifers with Magnetic Resonance and Electrical Soundings Abstract 1 VOUILLAMOZ J.M. 1 2 CHATENOUX B. 2 MATHIEU F. 3 BALTASSAT J.M. 3 LEGCHENKO A. 1 1 IRD LTHE BP53 38041 Grenoble Cedex9 [email protected] 2 Action contre la Faim 4 rue Niepce 75014 Paris. 3 BRGM BP 6009 45060 Orléans Cedex France Summary Unconsolidated coastal aquifers can be characterized using surface geophysical methods. In presence of salty water use of electrical resistivity methods makes the reservoir identification difficult. It was demonstrated by field example that electromagnetic (EM) or direct current (DC) methods and Magnetic Resonance Soundings
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Geophysical Assesment of Water Dynamics in Urban Soils – Interurban
Authors J. Schmalholz, M. Müller, O. Mohnke and U. YaramanciB049 Z-99 GEOPHYSICAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER DYNAMICS IN URBAN SOILS - INTERURBAN Abstract 1 Near Surface 2005 — Palermo Italy 4 - 7 September 2005 AUTHORS M. MÜLLER O. MOHNKE J. SCHMALHOLZ AND U. YARAMANCI Dept. of Applied Geophysics Technical University of Berlin Ackerstr. 71-76 13355 Berlin Germany E-mail: [email protected] www.interurban.de In order to monitor long and short term changes of the electrical resistivity due to soil moisture variations two permanent electrode in-line arrays were installed. Each array consists of 50 electrodes with an electrode spacing of 0.2 m. We started to monitor long term dynamics of the electrical resistivity
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3D-Imaging of Shallow Fractured Aquifers along the Scansano-Amiata Ridge (Tuscany, Italy)
Authors R. Francese, A. Bistacchi, F. Mazzarini, G. Morelli, H. Robain, N. Wardell and A. ZajaB050 Z-99 3D-Imaging of shallow fractured aquifers along the Scansano-Amiata ridge (Tuscany Italy) Summary 1 ANDREA BISTACCHI 1 ROBERTO FRANCESE 2 FRANCESCO MAZZARINI 3 4 GIANFRANCO MORELLI 5 HENRY ROBAIN 6 NIGEL WARDELL 2 AND ANNALISA ZAJA 7 1 Dipartimento di Geologia e Geotecnologia Universita’ di Milano Bicocca – Milano Italy 2 Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale OGS – Sgonico (Trieste) Italy 3 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia INGV Pisa section – Pisa Italy 4 Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR – Pisa Italy A series of high-resolution geophysical surveys including 3D
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Geophysical Investigations for Evaluating Water Storage Potential on Agricultural Soils
Authors G. Kurz, M. Müller and U. YaramanciB051 Geophysical investigations for evaluating water storage potential on agricultural soils INTRODUCTION 1 The knowledge of the soil water retention is one basis for developing flood protection concepts. The research objectives of this project are: Investigation of the water retention (storage) potential of agricultural soils examining the hydraulic conductivity and the noninvasive determination of the near-surface water content (down to 3 m). For flood preventation a decrease of the surface drain rate and therefore a decrease of the erosion should be achieved. The known methods in soil physics to determine the water retention potential are timeconsuming and expensive and they
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Two Dimensional Electrical Imaging of Quaternary Aquifer at Wadi Muraykhat and Wadi Sa’a, Al Ain Area, UAE
Authors A. El Mahmoudi and A. GabrB052 TWO DIMENSIONAL ELECTRICAL IMAGING OF QUATERNARY AQUIFER AT WADI MURAYKHAT AND WADI SA’A AL AIN AREA UAE. Abstract 1 Wadi Muraykhat and Wadi Sa’a are of the main tributaries crossing east of Al Jaww Plain Al Ain area UAE. These wadies originate from the Oman Mountains range and form the catchment and feeding area of the water resources. From the hydrogeological point of view subsurface investigation of these wadis is very important for better understanding of the aquifer system water flow water quality and management of water pumping. Two-dimensional (2-D) electrical tomography survey has been implemented. Eleven (2-D) profiles
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Imaging Structure Using AMT for Hydrological Modelling in the Western USA
Authors L. Pellerin, D.K. McPhee, B. Chuchel and G.L. DixonB053 Imaging structure using AMT for hydrological modelling in the western USA Summary 1 Inversion of audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) sounding data collected in Spring Valley Nevada USA shows significant two-dimensional (2D) structure within the upper kilometre of the valley and helps define the shallow basement surface. The depth-to-basement profile provided by the AMT inversion is in good agreement with an independent determination made from gravity measurements. The survey was conducted as a test to determine the applicability of the AMT method to mapping basin structure to depths of 1 km or more. The results exceeded expectation and future surveys are planned
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Observation of Shear-Wave Splitting in Quaternary Sediments of the New Madrid Seismic Zone (Central USA) – An Indicator of In-Situ Stress Conditions?
By J.B. HarrisC001 OBSERVATION OF SHEAR-WAVE SPLITTING IN QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS OF THE NEW MADRID SEISMIC ZONE (CENTRAL USA): AN INDICATOR OF IN-SITU STRESS CONDITIONS? 1 Introduction Investigating the relationship between seismicity and geologic deformation in the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) the most active earthquake zone east of the Rocky Mountains is one of the most essential areas of earthquake hazards research in the central United States. Evaluating the near-surface continuation of basement faults in the region is limited by the inability of the unconsolidated Quaternary sediments to propagate large coherent fractures making evaluation of the near-surface stress field and associated structural
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Frequency Domain Analyses of TDR Waveforms for Soil Moisture Measurements
Authors C.-P. Lin, C.-C. Chung and S.-H. TangC002 FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSES OF TDR Abstract WAVEFORMS FOR SOIL MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS 1 When time domain reflectometry (TDR) is applied to the field characterization of soil moisture the waveforms have typically been analyzed using traveltime along the waveguide. The apparent dielectric constant (Ka) traditionally determined by the traveltime analysis using a tangent-line method does not have a clear physical meaning and is influenced by several system and material parameters. The frequency domain analysis however can determine the actual frequency-dependent dielectric permittivity and can be performed using a very short probe. The primary objectives of this paper are to (1) examine
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Use of Numerical Simulations to Explain SASW Field Measurements
Authors A. Nasseri-Moghaddam, C. Phillips, G. Cascante and J. HutchinsonC003 USE OF NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS TO EXPLAIN SASW FIELD MEASUREMENTS Abstract 1 ALI NASSERI-MOGHADDAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Summary This study uses numerical models to explain the results of two MASW field tests in the presence of a void. The Fourier spectra of the field data contain a region with high energy concentration in the proximity of the void. Numerical models are constructed and the responses at the surface of the medium and around voids of different sizes and embedded depths are monitored. The numerical results show that part of the incident energy is trapped in the void region. The trapped
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