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Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2018
- Conference date: April 23-27, 2018
- Location: Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Published: 23 April 2018
101 - 149 of 149 results
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Change of Engineering-geological Properties in Areas of Accelerated Land Subsidence
Authors V.A. Bereznev and V.V. NikiforovSummaryThe condition of terrigenous-carbonate strata in the underworked territory Berezniki is investigated. TKT assessment on physicomechanical properties is made, not favorable sites are allocated. Spatial models are constructed
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The structure of the zone for unloading the steam-hydrothermal Bolshoy-Bannoy and Pauzhetsky geothermal deposits by geophysical data
Authors D.K. Denisov, I.A. Nuzhdaev and S.O. FeofilaktovSummaryIn 2015, magnetometric, seismic and electro-prospecting studies were performed. On the sections constructed from the data of vertical electric sounding and the method of reflected waves, a horizontally layered structure of the zone of unloading of steam-hydrothermal lines is observed. Magnetometric data reveal a negative magnetic anomaly in the central part of the thermal field. Electrical exploration by the self potential method reveals a negative anomaly in the vicinity of the creek Jashhichnyj. Magnetometric data show a negative magnetic anomaly in the central part of the thermal field.
At the Pauzhetsky geothermal field in recent years we have been carrying out complex geophysical studies using modern geophysical methods (magnetometry, electrical prospecting, microseismic sounding). Data are obtained on the structure of the upper water retainer and the upper aquifer in the region of the Eastern-Pauzhetsky and Verkhne-Pauzhetsky thermal fields is specified.
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Possibility of NVSP for a Qualitative Assessment of Fracture Porosity in a Carbonate Massif
Authors U.A. Igibaev and G.K. UmirovaSummaryThe urgency of this work due to the increasing exploration activity in the carbonate massifs operated for the purpose of search of deposits of hydrocarbon raw materials. Currently, a significant amount of experimental research connected with the study of fracture porosity and fludarabine. To identify and explore the field of fracture used the analysis of parameters of seismic waves, such as an anisotropic change in the velocity, amplitude and spectrum, the splitting of shear waves and other indicators, the assessment of which is based on instructional techniques and methods specifically designed in the last decade in seismic prospecting.
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Setting Standards for Groundwater Mapping With Airborne EM: Example From Canada
Authors A. Viezzoli, A. Menghini, F. Jorgensen, A.S. Hoyer and V. KaminskiSummaryCurrent study is showing an example from British Columbia, Canada, where an area in Peace River basin was flown by SkyTEM system and then interpreted using advanced EM inversion algorithms, which in turn led to groundwater modelling carried out straight from interpretation of the airborne EM data and with usage of a-priori information.
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Assessment of the Status and Properties of Embankment Dams and Their Foundations by a Complex of Geophysical Methods
More LessSummaryThe report cited the methodology and results of integrated geophysical investigations for groundwater waterworks. The aim of the work was to determine the current state of the structures (dam, dam) and soil base. Complex geophysical studies including: seismic, geoelectrics and GPR. As a result of comprehensive research on various objects was obtained the following information: the actual geological structure of the site investigations; the position of zones of concentrated filtration; the availability and terms of occurrence of weak soils; physico-mechanical characteristics of soils in the geophysical data.
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Some Peculiarities of Using GPR for Detection of Alive Humans Under the Collapsed Buildings
Authors V.M. Yakushev, S.G. Kataev, A-G.G. Kerimov and D.S. PyadukhovSummaryThe option of using GPR for detecting alive humans under collapsed buildings is discussed. The qualitative assessment of advantages and disadvantages of this method is given. The possibility of determining not only the relative coordinates but also the spatial position of the buried object with the help of GPR data is shown.
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Assessment of Efficiency of Carrying Out Current Logging and Resistance Logging When Determining Tightness of Polymeric Casing Strings on Technological Wells
Authors N. Samanbetov and N. BerestnevSummaryIn this text authors consider effectiveness of conducting of electric logging methods: current logging (CL) and resistance logging (RL) for determination of integrity of casing strings during construction of wells at uranium fields. During the detection of integrity violation of casing strings mostly the base for decision on elimination of wells are the results of current logging. The main purpose is definition of CL and RL effectiveness in casings for checking of strings integrity, also definition of parameters influencing on the decision in elimination of wells with damaged casing strings. The results of development works on conduction of CL and RL in casing illustrated that the RL method in casing reveals integrity violation of casing strings with the most reliability in comparison with CL method.
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Results of Using Kazakhstan High-precision Electro-prospecting Equipment for Solving Ore Problems
Authors M. Jukebayev, G. Umirova and V. MarinenkoSummaryThere was shown that LLP “SPC “Geoken” along with best models of foreign electro-prospecting equipment from famous manufacturers (Zonge (USA), GDD and Phoenix Geophysics (Canada)) also successfully uses electro-prospecting equipment developed in Kazakhstan. There is some examples from real production projects completed by using this equipment.
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Vector IP Surveys for Generating Regional Targets for Porphyrycopper Exploration. New Method of Areal Electrical Geophysics
Authors M.I. Jukebaev, Luisa D’Andrea, G.K. Umirova and N.N. KonakbayevSummaryIn this article, the authors review the practical experience of applying the VIP (vector induced polarization) method for geophysical surveying of one of the properties in Central Kazakhstan in 2017. The survey results demonstrate a significant reduction in time and cost associated with performing large area surveys achieved by using special IP arrays. The surveys carried out made it possible to rapidly detect abroad area of chargeability response which was followed up by deeper penetrating DDIP surveys to test for depth extent.
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The Study of Suffusion-karst Phenomena by Using Complex of Geophysical Methods
Authors L.V. Lee and S.S. KudaibergenovaSummaryThe results of analysis of research suffusion-karst processes by complex of geophysical methods (gravity prospecting and electric exploration), satellite geodesy and laboratory studies of soils. Efficiency of the method complex was evaluated. The signs of allocation in the geophysical fields of suffusion-karst funnels was determined with the allocation of the area of intensive development of the process and determination of area with the initial stage of deformation development.
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Evaluating the Efectiveness of High-resolution Electrical Prospecting on an Example of the Gold Deposit Study
Authors L.B. Volkomirskaya, O.A. Gulevich, V.V. Varenkov and V.I. SahterovSummaryThe paper investigates the possibilities of high-resolution electrical prospecting based on the method of reflected electromagnetic waves (MREW) for preliminary estimation of the increase of reserves due to the unexplored flanks of operating deposits. Comparison of the geological section, made on the basis of exploratory drilling, with the data of the MREW profiling is given. It is shown that the use of modern equipment for MREW allows carrying out research to depths of over 170 meters, fixing tectonic faults and contacts of loose rocks, localizing karst zones, that provides the necessary information for determining traps filled with gold ore formations. The speed of the survey along with the cost of useful information obtained ensures high efficiency of the method.
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To the Question of the Possibilities of the Method of Georadiolocation for the Localization of Voids
Authors L. Volkomirskaya and O. GulevichSummaryIn the paper, on the basis of numerical modeling of the georadiolocation problem, the necessary requirements for the technical characteristics of a georadar for the detection of voids in a subsurface medium are considered. The algorithm used to solve the direct problem of georadiolocation is approximated to the actual experiment by taking into account the construction of the georadar, the source and receiver parameters, their position relative to the medium of research and inhomogeneity in it. Calculations of the spatiotemporal distribution of the field of the detected signal from a pulse source lying on the media interface with a hollow anomaly of a given geometry are presented. Based on these estimates, the dynamic range of the georadar needed to determine it is estimated. Results of georadar studies of low-contrast inhomogeneities in the form of cavities in mines using GROT 12 series georadars and their analysis based on the results of numerical simulation are presented. It is demonstrated that already at the planning stage of the experiment it is possible to estimate the required parameters of the georadar necessary for the detection and localization of the inhomogeneities of interest at a certain depth of sounding.
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Prospects for the Development of Agrogeophysics in Russia
Authors M.V. Kosnyreva and L.A. ZolotayaSummaryThe report examines the prospects for the development of a new scientific direction in Russia -AGROGEOPHYSICS. The analysis of foreign experience of application of geophysics for agricultural tasks is given. It is noted that the most widespread were various modifications of methods of electrical prospecting. According to the results of the research carried out by the authors, great prospects of magneto-prospecting and georadiolocation are shown in combination with electrical prospecting in solving soil and agroecological problems.
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Распределенная система для 3D удельного сопротивления и измерения индуцированной поляризации
Authors Ж. Бернар, Ж. Ганс, Б. Тексье and К. ТрафферSummaryA geometry free Resistivity Induced Polarization distributed system (FullWaver) has been developed for acquiring 3D images of underground structures. The system includes a set of fixed and independent receivers continuously recording the signals and a transmitter with a current recorder, GPS synchronized. The current electrode is moving in any direction and distance with respect to the receivers. The high resolution data are collected at the end of the survey for further processing and inversion with 3D software.
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Georadar Tracking Profiling for the Purpose of Searching for Underground Structures on the Territory of the Holy Trinity Holkovsky Monastery
Authors I. Abizgildin and A. KhilkoSummaryReport on the applicability of low-frequency georadiolocation for the purposes of searching for underground voids at the sizes of objects close to the limiting resolution of the method.
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GPR Technology to Determine the Thickness and Structure of Sea Ice
Authors N. Pudova, I. Vedeneev and V. PomozovSummaryNo summary available
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The experience of using of the GPR method for sludge survey
Authors V.N. Buyanov, V.M. Yakushev and O.A. TsvetsikhSummaryThe results of a GPR survey of sludge collectors which located in the Stavropol region at the Zimne-Stavkinskoye and Achikulakskoye deposits are presented. The peculiarities of the organization and the process of this work are shown. The results of the sludge volumes assessment, its liquid phase, solid phase and silt deposits, are given.
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Methods for Estimating the Damping of an Electromagnetic Wave From the GPR Data
Authors Z.B. Khakiev, V.L. Shapovalov, V.A. Yavna, M.V. Ocost and A.A. KruglikovSummaryThe paper considers various methods for determining the coefficients of attenuation of an electromagnetic wave from the data of the GPR survey, as well as a resonance method for measuring the electrical properties of soils. In the framework of classical electrodynamics, a method has been developed for determining the attenuation coefficients in the microwave range 1200–1700 MHz, based on quantitative processing of the GPR data. The application of the method to the determination of electrophysical properties provides an accuracy of 10–20%.
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GPR Method for Determining the Density of Soils During the Construction of a Roadbed
Authors V.L. Shapovalov, Z.B. Khakiev, V.A. Yavna and A.V. MorozovSummaryA method for the continuous determination of the properties of structural layers based on the GPR method, calibrated by direct measurements of the properties of the structure, is proposed.
The technique relates the change in soil density when compacted with a vibrating roller with a change in the permittivity of the material, as well as with a change in the relative reflectivity.
The effectiveness of the proposed methodology has been tested on the construction section of the roadbed. It is established that the sensitivity of the results of direct measurements is 3 passes of the roller of the used type, and of the GPR method - 4 passes.
The application of the GPR method allows to estimate the uniformity of the density characteristics of the ground along the surveyed section in different depth layers obtained in the continuous mode.
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Estimation of Seismic Action During Seismic Microzoning of the Site Deposit “Dragnoe”
Authors L. Zudilina and V. PisetskiSummarySeismic action (amplitudes, duration, spectral composition and other parameters of accelerograms and their spectra) characterize the vibrational motion of soil during earthquakes, they are the basis for quantitative seismic zoning of various degrees of detail. In Russia, the intensity of seismic action is measured in points (1–12) on the MSK-64 scale. Values of parameters of seismic action and indices of soil properties are estimated by calculation and instrumental methods for seismic microzoning. The article presents the results of seismic actions obtained at the site of the “Dragnoe” deposit.
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Induced Polarization of Rocks Containing Passivated Metallic Particles
More LessSummaryIn this paper, we presented data obtained with Induced Polarization (IP) measurements on artificial mixtures of spherical metallic particles and sand. The particles made of nickelized steel were fully or partially covered by colored varnish to model natural semi-conducting grains isolated from pore water by carbonate or quartz shells. We measured IP effect in time domain with four models where different portions of the particle surface were isolated. We characterized IP by the total chargeability and relaxation time.
We found that the total chargeability and the relaxation time strongly decreased with increase of the isolated part of the particle surface, which means that isolated parts of the surface is passivated. For the mixture included fully isolated particles the IP response was found to be the same as the sand response. These findings suggest that part of semi-conducting minerals, which is isolated from pore water, does not polarize, and, therefore, cannot be detected by IP survey.
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Geophysical Investigations for Dredging Developments
Authors D. Lalomov, D. Korshunov and V. GlazounovSummaryGeophysical investigations for dredging developments allow to estimate in advance the amount of dredging and justify the involvement of a specialized dredging fleet. Geophysical studies reduce ground risks and risks of making a wrong design decision. The article covers benefits, disadvantages and possibilities of various geophysical methods used for dredging developments. Monomethod studies can not fully provide an effective solution to the tasks in view due to the number of technical limitations for each of the methods connected with the depth of investigation, resolving power, the ability to maneuver of the vessel with outboard equipment. In difficult engineering-geological conditions geophysical methods should be used in a complex complementing each other.
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Interpretation of the Potential Fields of the Area of Ladoga Conductivity Anomaly
Authors M.V. Kosnyreva and L.A. ZolotayaSummaryThe report discusses the results of the interpretation of regional and detailed magnetic and gravitational fields within the Ladoga electrical conductivity anomaly. The constructed density and magnetic models allow for a new understanding of the geological and tectonic structure of the area. The connection of the region of increased resistance with areas of high density and magnetization at depths of 25–30 km. Interpretation of detailed gravity material along the profile of the Vyborg - Suoyarvi in the upper part of the section has established the presence of complex Cup-like structure, which agrees well with regional models.
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Application of Helicopter Borne Electromagnetic Survey in Order to Identify the Perspective Areas of Ore Mineralization
Authors B. Smagulov, B. Khamzin, M. Paidin and T. KarsenovSummaryIn recent years, airborne geophysical technologies have continued to develop rapidly due to the development of equipment and data processing and interpretation softs. The quality of the received data has significantly increased in comparison with the technologies of the past. In this report, will be provided information about the completed airborne geophysical surveys and the results revealed on the projects in the Republic of Kazakhstan and of JSC Kazgeology.
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Quasi-terrestrial UAV-based Geophysical Methods: Efficiency and Role in Geological Prospecting
Authors A. Parshin, N. Grebenkin, V. Morozov, F. Shikalenko, V. Sapunov and A. RzhevskayaSummaryUnmanned airborne geophysical technologies can make the geological survey of areas with complex landscape and morphological conditions more efficient. The subject of this paper is magnetic and gamma-ray survey technologies. With the help of terrain pre-modeling and a special flight mission planning software, our developed methods and technical solutions can make a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operate at low and constant elevation above the ground throughout the survey, thus ensuring high quality accurate of the airborne geophysical data. In this paper, we describe the survey techniques and present the results of unmanned magnetic- and gamma-radiometric surveys performed over the prospective for uranium and gold ores mountainous areas in the Eastern Siberia (Russia). The data obtained by unmanned methods is compared to the results of previous conventional terrestrial and airborne geophysical surveys. Accurate low-elevation draped surveys using unmanned systems are demonstrated to be equivalent to the traditional surveys in terms of informative value in a complex landscape and morphological conditions, and significantly increase work productivity and economic efficiency as compared to terrestrial geophysical surveys. The authors believe that these results demonstrate the possibility of future replacing ground surveys by “quasi-terrestrial” geophysical methods in most cases.
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Methodology of Carrying Out Geophysical Surveys to Search for Zones of Sources of Underflooding of Quarries
Authors X. Voronova and D. InkinSummaryElectrophysical methods can be successfully performed for detailed study of nearby quarry sites. Obtaining a complete geoelectrical pattern along the observation lines around quarries can significantly optimize the number of exploratory wells. Weakened zones are marked by a decrease in resistance, in most cases, the weakening of the mountain mass is due to water saturation. Identification of such zones helps to control the development of quarries, planning dehydration of wells.In the areas of Syrymbet, Bozshakol, Bogatyr and other geophysical works, the water saturation zones are clearly marked and traced. Drilling operations conducted on the basis of the results of geophysical studies fully confirmed the identified areas for the placement of water wells.
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ERT Method at Research and Prevention of Landslide Processes on Dumps of the Enterprises of Coal Mining
Authors M.V. Mazurenko and G.P. PaninSummaryDescribes the reseach of landslide processes in the tailings of coal mining enterprises with the purpose of timely identification and containment of potentially hazardous areas and prevent the occurrence of dangerous geological processes. The method of electrotomography was chosen as a method that allows effectively and in a short time to explore significant areas of dumps. The study identified hazardous factors contributing to the formation of landslide hazardous areas, and identified geoelectric criteria corresponding to these factors.
Peculiarities of designing observing systems for periodonal part of the dumps. As a result of the work, a new mechanism of landslide formation was described for the first time, the conditions of its occurrence were determined and recommendations on monitoring dumps taking into account these conditions were given. Also collected and structured a large amount of information on the specifics of landslide processes on the dumps, describes the geoelectric criteria associated with the process, developed a method of geophysical monitoring to control the state of the dump mass.
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Hyperbolic Median Filtering and Its Applications for Multisource Acquisition in Marine Survey
Authors A. Tarasov, A. Shuvalov, A. Konkov, V. Ignatev, B. Kashtan and A. OshkinSummaryThe use of several simultaneously operating sources in seismic explorations allows one to obtain large amounts of data per unit of time than for classical works with a single source, and also to create such acquisition configuration that would not be feasible for economic reasons in the traditional approach to work with a single source. This technology is known as multisource (simultaneous source) acquisition.
The main goal in working with a multisource is deblending. Different methods of separating signals use features of a complex wavefield obtained by the operation of a multisource. In this paper, we propose a method of hyperbolic median filtering using the kinematic properties of reflected waves. The use of this method makes it possible to obtain separated signals as a result of solving the noise suppression problem. The operation of this algorithm is demonstrated by the example of source configuration for marine seismic exploration, which allows virtually increasing the length of the recording streamers and reducing the step between excitation points.
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Frequency-domain Helicopter EM System With Towed Generator and Receiver Coils
Authors A. Trusov and E. KarshakovSummaryNo summary available
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Mapping of the Sand and Gravel Deposit Using Controlled-source Radiomagnetotelluric Method
Authors A. Shlykov, A. Saraev, A. Simakov and K. AntashukSummaryIn this case study we discus the results of using the CSRMT method for solving the standart near-sufrace task: mapping of the high-resistivity layers of sand and gravel. CSRMT data are compared with boreholes and DC data.
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Advantages of electrical exploration methods in the reseach and prevention of dangerous geological processes on the dumps of industrial enterprises
Authors M.V. Mazurenko and G.P. PaninSummaryDumps of mining enterprises constitute the maximum part of man-made soil massifs. Their volume is calculated in billions of tons. Dumps change the terrain, characteristics of surface and underground runoff, affect geomechanical conditions (load the base) and accumulate a level of moisture, because the ratio of emptiness -mineral particles are much superior to soils of natural composition. Because of neustoichivosti and/or water saturation of the tailings subject to the processes of opolznevoye. The existing methods of UCP prevention are insufficient and reduced to geodetic observations of slope deformations and drilling of hydroge5ological wells for pumping excess moisture from the dump mass. A method is required that combines relatively low cost, high performance, continuity of study, the ability of nondestructive testing, the lack of mechanical action on the walls of quarries and the slopes of the blade, as well as the opportunity to work without interruptions of mining machinery and mining equipment. Together, geophysical methods or, more precisely, electrical exploration meet these criteria. Geoelectric prospecting effectively and quickly highlights the danger zones.
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Interpretation of Well Logging Data and Geological Modeling for the Reconstruction of the Thermal Evolution of the East of the Precaspian Basin
Authors T.A. Yensepbayev, B.K. Kenzhaliev, G.Zh. Zholtaev, М. Aimagambetov and N. AbylaiSummaryThe purpose of this study is to determine paleogeographycal model, thermal evolution of the east of the Precaspian basin, Preuralian basin and Sakmara zone of Mugodzhar.
The samples have been analyzed by petrography (vitrinite reflectance) and by the microthermometry of fluid inclusions. The burial simulation and the paleotemperature estimation were calculated by the Petromod 1D software (IES Gmbh, Germany) for different tectonic zones.
The eastern border of the Precaspien basin exibits: (i) an eastern carbonated platform and a western turbiditic basin during the Carboniferous; (ii) a turbiditic basin interrupted by a horst during the lower Permien. The Preuralian Basin located eastwards shows a turbiditic basin during the Carboniferous and the lower Permian. Low homogenization temperatures (65 C) in Precaspian basin indicate low temperature trapping conditions, consistent with the low degree of maturation of the organic matter (VR <0.8). The increase in this temperature towards younger suites from the Silurian deposits - +60/+225 C toward the samples of the Prague-Em age -+110 / +290 C, which agrees with the geological evolution of the region. The time of subduction processes of the Ural paleoocean along the Eastern European plate and, accordingly, the increase in temperature regimes occur in the Devonian period.
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Approximation Neural Network Approach to Solving Inverse Problems of Geoelectrics
Authors M.I. Shimelevich, E.A. Obornev, I.E. Obornev and E.A. RodionovSummaryThe approximation neural network method for solving conditionally well-posed nonlinear inverse problems of geophysics is presented. The method is based on the neural network approximation of the inverse operator. The inverse problem is solved in the class of grid (block) models of the medium on a regularized parameterization grid. The construction principle of this grid relies on using the calculated values of the continuity modulus of the inverse operator and its modifications determining the degree of ambiguity of the solutions. The method provides approximate solutions of inverse problems with the maximal degree of detail given the specified degree of ambiguity with the total number of the sought parameters equal to several thousand of the medium. The a posteriori estimates of the degree of ambiguity of the approximated solutions are calculated. The work of the method is illustrated by the example of the 3D inversion of synthesized area data and 2D real geoelectric data by the method MTS and MVS.
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Current State and Ways of Development of Using Unmanned Aerial Systems for Geological Research
Authors V.G. Antsev, V.S. Tsirel, J.V. Zvereva and A.I. MaslovaSummaryIn recent years unmanned aerial systems have become a rapidly developing area in aviation technology. Yhe range of products and their quantity is rapidly growing. This is due to the growing range of economic tasks in which the use of unmanned aircrafts can be more efficient and economically more advisable rather than use of traditional man-operated aircrafts. In some cases unmanned aerial systems can even become the alternative to human labour.
This article focuses on general questions on the current state, the tendency in development, as well as the effectiveness of use of unmanned aerial systems for carrying out research and investigation in mining.
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Possibility of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for Geophysical Problems Solution
Authors A.A. Shuvalov, A.B. Pnev, V.I. Ignatev, A.A. Zhirnov, A.O. Chernutsky and E.T. NesterovSummaryModern methods of borehole seismic studies create new opportunities for studying strata. A new technology in this area is distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), the principle of which is to use an optical fiber as a sensor for measuring seismic signals over the entire fiber length with high spatial resolution. During field studies at an operating well using DAS technology, an experimental recording of seismic signals was performed to investigate the processes occurring in the well. The results of this work allow us to judge the large potential of fiber-optic sensors for use in seismic data acquisition. The use of such systems will make it possible to raise the information content of all types of well seismic observations qualitatively, to monitor the hydraulic fracturing and to monitor extracting of hydrocarbons. In addition to increasing the quantity, quality and informativeness of the received data, this technology simultaneously will reduce the cost of operations.
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The Results of Experimental Aeromagnetic Work on the Measurement of Horizontal Gradients of the Magnetic Field Using an An-3
Authors P.V. Melnikov and V.E. KarshakovSummaryApproved the method of aeromagnetic gradiometric survey on a new type of domestic aircraft produced by the An-3 aircraft. Examples of practical application of the magnetic field interpolation technique to a regular network using the measured values of the transverse horizontal gradient are given.
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Multi-wave Seismic Exploration in Conjunction With VSP During Engineering-geophysical Studies
Authors S. A. Fedotov and A. S. FedotovSummaryThe issues of complexation of ground and borehole multiwave seismic exploration with the use of telemetry systems TELSS-402, TELSS-403 and downhole complex TELSS-VSP are considered in the report.
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Modeling of Hydro-geological Conditions of the Golodnostepsky Underground Water Field (Kazakhstan) Using Modeling in the Environment of the Groundwater Modeling System Software Complex
Authors O. Matzhanov, E. Auelhan, A. Doskhozhaev, Zh. Kudaiberdi, D. Kim and K. KuzevanovSummaryNo summary available
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Dangerous Geological Processes in the Foothills of the Trans-ili Alatau
Authors B. Serikov, A. Auelhan, М. Zapparov and M. AlzhigitovaSummaryThe purpose of this research was the enhancement of hydrogeological and engineering-geological materials on dangerous geological processes in the foothills of the Zailiysky Alatau in order to study the patterns of development and activation of dangerous geological processes widely distributed in the described region and present a threat to the life of the population.
Further study of the territory and monitoring of the manifestation of dangerous geological processes should be carried out using the methods of remote sensing of the earth.
1. Review, analysis and evaluation of engineering-geological and hydro-geological studies conducted on the territory of the foothills of the Zailiysky Alatau.
2. Use of remote sensing materials in engineering geological mapping, in the study and monitoring of hazardous geological processes.
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Studies of the Conditions and Prospects for the Use of Electromagnetic Profiling in Monitoring the Groundwater Table and Salt Regime of Soils on Irrigated Lands
Authors E. Kuldeyeva, K.A. Anselm, V. Kulagin, E. Auelkhan, A. Makyzhanova and M. AlzhigitovaSummaryStationary hydrogeological supervisions on irrigable lands of the republic are executed in mining holes that are resource-demanding and expensive buildings. A more cost-effective way to determine the level and mineralization of groundwater is proposed, based on remote sensing methods. Experimental sites were located next to the existing observation wells to obtain further degree of reliability. Undertaken studies with the use of complex apparatus of midfrequency complete set of devices of the dipole electromagnetic profiling of –DEP - 2 gave positive results on the Tasotkelsk area, where the interpreted values, similar with the indexes of water-tables, actually measured in observant mining holes, are got. of the conducted research and determination of the correlation coefficient. The method of the dipole electromagnetic profiling with the apparatus of СЭМЗ allows on 90% to abbreviate the volumes of the field and химико-аналитических works, that for years exploitation of apparatus gave the large economy of material and labour resources to establishment.
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The Application of Crosshole Seismic Testing (CST) and Seismic Cone Penetration Test (SCPTu) for Building the Detailed Model of the Medium in the Design of Highly Sensitive Facilities for Nuclear Construction
Authors I. Galushkin, N. Ragozin and V. IgnatevSummaryCrosshole seismic testing (CST) is one of the most effective methods for designing highly sensitive facilities for nuclear construction and can be successfully applied both at the survey stage and after commissioning. On the example of geophysical investigations carried out at the prospective site of the NPP construction, the results of CST on pressure and shear waves are shown. The results of determining the dynamic parameters of soils (Young’s modulus, shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio) and their distribution in the inter-well space are presented. Also, the work shows the result of applying the technique for allocation the fields of incident and reflected waves obtained as a result of seismic cone penetration test (SCPTu) to a depths of 20–30 meters for the detailed layering of the geological section.
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Complex of Geophysical Methods During the Survey of the Underwater Diapir Volcano of the Taman Peninsula
Authors A.V. Kozlova, D.A. Korshunov and T.S. KlapyshevaSummaryThe possibilities of complex geophysical methods including magnet prospecting, hydroacoustic survey and continuous seismoacoustic profiling for the detection and identification of an underwater mud volcano on the example of an object, including in the Kerch Strait, as well as the specification of the geological reasons for the formation of this structure are considered.
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The Complex of High-frequency Borehole Seismic Methods for Detailed Study of Rock Massif
Authors A. Oshkin, V. Ignatev, A. Konkov and N. RagozinSummaryThe paper presents modern achievements in high-frequency borehole seismic survey. High frequencies allow to solve the main problem of shallow seismics - insufficient resolution due to an excessively long wavelength in comparison with the size of geological objects. The use of high-frequency borehole sources and corresponding receivers makes it possible to effectively use modern technologies to obtain a detailed structure of the section.
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Recent Approaches to Seismic Hazard Assessment for Critical/Unique Engineering Constructions
More LessSummaryAlong with source effects and path effects, local site effects are among the main factors defining parameters of strong motion. The effects of soil response during strong earthquakes have always received considerable attention in seismology, because most urbanized areas are located in river valleys, on soft sediments. Large cities, such as, Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Salvador, Caracas, Lima, Bogota, Kathmandu, Manila, Thessaloniki, Mexico city, and others are located in river valleys in seismic areas. The prevalence and significance of these effects stimulated numerous instrumental, theoretical, and numerical studies aimed at better understanding and quantifying of the effects. To date, seismology has developed methods for reliable evaluation of these effects.
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Application of geophysical methods to identify weakened zones in the dumps of potash industry
Authors A.A. Zhukov, A.M. Prigara, R.I. Tsarev and I.Yu. ShustkinaSummaryThe paper presents the results of applying geophysical methods to identify weakened zones in the dumps of potash industry. The complex of geophysical methods includes a reflection method by the procedure of common depth point with registration of p-waves, 2D and 3D electric tomography method. The performed work proves reasonability of seismic and electric tomography methods and shows their effectiveness for detection of caverns and other inhomogeneities in salt tailings pile massif. The experimental works have been carried out in one of Uralkali PJSC mines..
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2D ERT Data Inversion And The Resistivity Section Distortions
Authors I.N. Modin, V.A. Shevnin and T.V. YalovSummaryThe modern ERT includes computerized, multi-channel instruments and multi-electrode wire to collect the data, special techniques to obtain information about 2D structure of the geological section and special software. A main element of this technology is the automatic inversion, which transforms the observed electric field in one of the variants of the geoelectric section.
In some cases ERT gives errors in the depths and thickness of sub-horizontal boundaries; errors in the depths of the profile when changing the contrast of the laterals; detection of false local structures due to contrast inhomogeneities. These errors of the inversion put the question of the recognition of zones with this kind of distortion, identify artifacts and recommendations by ignoring false positives.
Three typical situations that lead to distortions in the results of ERT data inversion are investigated. There are significant anomalies in the resistivity section after inversion. The inversion results should be carefully analyzed each time and the final sections should be edited by the geophysicist in accordance with the knowledge of the geological section. The formal presentation of inversion data as the final result of electrical exploration must be considered unreasonable and false
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