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Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2020
- Conference date: September 14-18, 2020
- Location: Perm, Russia
- Published: 14 September 2020
51 - 100 of 136 results
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Analysis of Acoustic Impact on the Formation by the Method of Filtration Pressure Waves
Authors E.A. Marfin, A.G. Gavrilov and M.N. OvchinnikovSummaryAcoustic impact on the reservoir is a promising and environmentally friendly method of enhanced oil recovery. The positive effect of this effect is to increase the permeability of the reservoir and lowering the viscosity of the oil. The paper considers the method of filtration pressure waves to assess the effectiveness of acoustic impact. Numerical modeling showed that in the self-listening mode the effect of elastic waves will indicate an increase in the amplitude of pressure fluctuations. In the hydraulic listening mode, an indicator of the effectiveness of acoustic exposure is an increase in amplitude and a change in phase shift in the filtering pressure wave.
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The Experience of Using Shallow Geophysics in the Study of the Geology of the Floodplain of the Dnieper River in the Gnezdovsky Archaeological Complex
Authors K.S. Sergeev, A.V. Belousov, V.V. Romanov, A.D. Gorin and V.V. NovikovSummaryThe article presents the results of geophysical surveys in the floodplain of the Dnieper River of the Gnezdovsky Archaeological Complex. Investigations were carried out by methods of electrotomography and seismic exploration. Geophysical research was carried out in conjunction with archaeological excavations and geological surveys, which allowed to confirm the effectiveness of archaeological geophysics.
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The Experience of Using Archaeological Geophysics in the Study of the Burial Complex of the 9th-10th Centuries on the Territory of the Central Settlement of the Gnezdovsky Archaeological Complex
Authors K.S. Sergeev, A.V. Belousov, A.D. Gorin, A.V. Turenina and V.V. NovikovSummaryThe report is devoted to the study of archaeological sites with a complex of geophysical methods. The main task is to search and map the destroyed burial mounds and soil burial grounds.
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Efficiency of VES with Multi-Frequency Measurements of Induced Polarization for Studying Deposits of Sand and Gravel Mixtures
Authors S.A. Anoshina and V.A. KulikovSummarySand-gravel mixtures (SGM) relate to multipurpose components using in many different industries. Traditionally different modifications of the resistivity method are applied for searching and exploration SGM deposits because it allows determining high-resistivity sand-gravel bodies against the background of more conductive enclosed rocks. For several years, authors carried out works as vertical electric soundings (VES) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) methods with measuring of induced polarization (IP) at various deposits of sand and gravel. Laboratory tests and measurement in-situ also were conducted. Authors suggest that one of the main cause of chargeability anomalies are electronically - conducting minerals present in the gravel of magmatic origin. Since the identification of areas with a high content of gravel and pebbles within the sand-gravel deposit is an important task for geophysics, we circumstantially study the IP field in sand gravel deposits and assess the efficiency of VES-IP complex for exploration of sand gravel deposits.
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Shallow Paleo-Seismogenic Faulting Investigations Using Ground-Penetrating Radar (Example from the Kurai Fault Zone)
Authors S.S. Bricheva, E.V. Deev, I.O. Dubrovin, M.M. Doroshenkov, A.V. Panin, I.V. Turova and A.L. EntinSummaryGeophysical methods in paleoseismology enable scientists to quickly determine shallow stratigraphy; to identify displaced, oblique layers within the fault zone; to visualize faults to a great depth and to locate trenching sites. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data are routinely used for such investigations. Resulting interpretation is based on subjective analyses of different and complex reflection patterns. The objective set of signs that characterize the faults on GPR profiles still does not exist. In this study we carried out GPR measurements to detect major discontinuities at several sites in Kurai fault zone - one of the most potentially earthquake-prone areas in the Altai Mountains. We used “Python-3” GPR system with 38, 50 and 100 MHz antenna units. The reflections and specific wave patterns detected on processed GPR profiles were interpreted using trenching data. Then we used the open-source modeling tool gprMax to calculate synthetic GPR data for a sequence of numerical fault models, based on trenching information. We find out which signs of fault in sediments we could detect on GPR data, and what is beyond its capabilities.
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Experience in a Complex Study of Small Lakes in the City to Assess their Environmental Status and Anthropogenic Pollution
Authors А.Е. Rybalko, V.A. Shcherbakov, V.V. Polovkov, N.Y. Bobrov, P.Y. Belyaev, А.Y. Alekseev and I.V. FedorovaSummaryThe results of a comprehensive geological and geophysical study of the Suzdal Lakes of St. Petersburg in 2019 are discussed. The objectives of this work were the preparation of the landscape basis for the subsequent assessment of the ecological state of these reservoirs and the development of a methodology for the comprehensive study of small lakes by geophysical methods. The following methods were used: sonar, acoustic profiling, side-scan location, georadar (GPR), electrical resistivity tomography and geological sampling. GPR and side-scan location proved to be the most effective for assessment section of loose deposits and distribution of the surface sediments and identification of technogenic objects. Maps the lakes bottom relief, lithological maps, maps of the location of technogenic objects on the lake bottom were prepared. Proposals are made for the most efficient integration of geophysical methods for creating landscape maps as the basis for environmental research.
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Statistical Differentiation of Technogenic Magnetic Anomalies
More LessSummaryThe statistical transformation methods of the magnetic field to determine the sources morphology of magnetic anomalies are considered. Examples of the differentiation of target anomalies and anomalies associated with “magnetic debris” are given.
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Study of Structural Features of Landslide Arrays Based on the Correlations of Seismic Characteristics of Clay Soils with Their Humidity
Authors A.M. Yusha, S.B. Burlutskiy, A.A. Abramovich, V.V. Glazunov and M.A. LazdovskayaSummaryThe design, construction and operation of various engineering structures in the conditions of development of dangerous geological processes requires a detailed study of the site. One of these dangerous geological processes is landslides. When studying landslide arrays, the most priority task is to study its structural features. According to existing concepts, landslide arrays composed of clay soils are characterized by a sufficiently difficult heterogeneous structure. As a result of stretching and compressive stresses, numerous breakings are observed in them in the form of landslide cracks, weakened zones are formed, which largely determine the stability of the slope. Clay soils that make up the weakened zones in the body of the landslide, including the sliding zone, are disintegrated, and there is a weakening of structural links and an increasing in humidity. The analysis of correlations between the propagation of longitudinal and transverse waves in clay soils, depending on their humidity, obtained in the laboratory, together with the materials of 1D and 2D engineering seismic survey and electrotomography materials, provided the selection in the section of the landslide slope of the border of soils with humidity coinciding to the maximum molecular moisture capacity, as well as soils with a destroyed structure, which allows determining the spatial location of the slide zone of the landslide.
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Features of the Formation of Stress Fields of Landslides of Various Structural Types Based on Materials of Computer Simulation and Geotomography
Authors V.S. Taninkova, S.B. Burlutskiy and V.V. GlazunovSummaryLandslides are one of the most hazardous geological processes. Construction in the area of their location is a serious problem. Landslides require comprehensive research of the structure and properties of soils, which are needed to determine the stability of the slope. Due to the complexity of drilling on steep landslide slopes, engineering geological investigations are carried out on a system that does not allow exploring the heterogeneous landslide structure with the necessary detail. To obtain information on the internal structure of a landslide slope, it is essential to use modern geophysical research methods. The paper considers the features of the stress-strain state of landslide massifs of two structural types. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the data of computer modelling of stress-strain state and geotomographic studies of landslide slopes.
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Method for Measuring Small Signals in ERT Tools
Authors G.L. Panin and E.V. BalkovSummaryThe method proposed in the article implements a synchronous detector for ERT thomography with operating frequency of 4.88 Hz using an almost unchanged recorder module of the small-sized experimental device Siber-32. The detector algorithm is implemented according to the FFT with compensate capacitive influence of the tool internal circuit and external electrodes wires. To increase the information content and add the possibility of “visual” processing, recording mode include a full wave of current and voltage data is implemented for each measurement of 1024x24 bit words. This method is suitable when it is impossible to obtain small signals at large spacings, or in dipole sequence. The synchronous detector is slower but it can complement the fast way to obtain useful information about the geoelectric section. Due to the low required currents, the use of this method simplifies the equipment, due to softer requirements for the output parameters of the current source and the relay matrix of the generator switch.
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Research of cracking in case of explosion on outburst-hazardous dolomite rocks
Authors E.A. Nesterov and D.A. BobrovSummaryIn the world practice of mining, the manifestation of rock and gas emissions in dolomites is unique, has no analogues of solving the problem of working on stressed and gas-saturated rocks. One method of bringing a gas-saturated rock mass into a safe state is advanced torpedo, in which by applying cracking zones or creating crack systems in the mass, gas pressure is reduced to a safe level. In case of explosive action on rock massif around hole, zones of increased fracturing are formed, which are characterized by radius of effective fracturing around hole, namely distance over which cracks from exploded hole propagate. The article considers the procedure of works on determination of the fracture formation zone around the hole, based on comparison of gas permeability of dolomites before and after blasting on the investigated holes. As a result of experimental studies it was found that crack propagation in case of blast charge explosion in dolomite rocks does not exceed 0, 54m.
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Prediction of the Seismic Wave Amplitude for the Zhomart Mine Conditions
Authors A.S. Muryskin, D.Y. Shulakov and F.G. VerkholantsevSummaryCurrently, re-excavation of inter-chamber pillars is ongoing at the Zhomart mine. In this case, there is a danger of a massive collapse of mine openings over a large area. This can lead to significant seismic effects on the infrastructure of the mine. To predict the value of this impact, an analysis and generalization of the seismic events records obtained by the seismological monitoring system was performed. The result is an empirical design equation for calculation of the peak ground velocity (PGV) value. It has been established that earthquakes starting from magnitude 4.0 - 4.5 (depending on the epicentral distance) can be dangerous for the buildings on the earth's surface.
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Technogenic-Mineral Formations of Potash Processing: Forming, Transformation, Ecological Evaluation
Authors B.A. Bachurin and E.S. KhokhriakovaSummaryFeatures of potash wastes forming at the potash ore processing in Verchnekamsk deposit were viewed. A method of technological geochemical barriers might be used for evaluating a possible scale of toxic elements accumulation in wastes. This approach takes into consideration physical and chemical aspects of potash ore preparation and beneficiation. It was showed that technogenic-mineral substances forming in a tailing pond or solid dump are presented by complexes of natural as well as technogenic components. The contribution of processing chemicals to the organic-mineral complex’s formation was analyzed. The distribution of heavy metals and organic compounds in wastes was shown. Features of hypergenic transformation of waste’s composition and toxic compounds’ emission to the hydrosphere which based on lab modeling of mine wastes-and-water interactions were considered.
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Evaluation of Ground Conditions of Open-Pit Development of Deposits of Cryolithozone by GPR
Authors L.L. Fedorova and G.A. KulyandinSummaryEfficient commercial development of deposits requires increasing the amount and value of information obtained by operational exploration. The article provides methodological features and examples of application of the GPR method application in the areas of permafrost formation for detailing the structure of gold-bearing placers. Based on the results of computer modeling the GPR models containing the scheme of geological section with a geocryological object and the synthetic radargram are created. Wave fields of GPR obtained during the study of geocryological parameters of rock mass are considered. The experimental GPR sounding was performed at the dredging polygon of the gold deposit and the alluvial diamond deposit of Yakutia. In the Allakh-Yun deposit, we used the transverse GPR section of the dredging site as an example. The date showed the detectability possibility of the place bedrock elevation that can affect the dredger motion. In the placer diamond deposit, we considered the GPR section including underground ice. The research results have shown that the GPR method can be widely used in studying the deposit morphostructural peculiarities. The method’s advantages, such as remote sensing and quick results, can help further optimize the technology and improve the deposit development efficiency.
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Spatial and Temporal Variability of Engineering and Geological Conditions of the «Drazhny» Deposit Area
Authors E.D. Nugmanova, I.V. Abaturova, I.A. Koroleva and V.S. KozlovSummaryWith the development of new territories in the field of permafrost, the sphere of influence of cryogenic processes and phenomena in economic activity increases. Lack of consideration of their role affects the construction and operation of structures and leads to their deformations. The study of the essence of cryogenic phenomena, the features of thermal and mechanical interaction of structures with frozen soils allows you to minimize their harmful effects. When designing the facilities of the mining and processing plant on the territory of Oymyakonsky ulus, a complex of engineering surveys was carried out in 2014 and 2019. Due to the fact that this area was studied during the design and commissioning, as well as during the full functioning of the entire infrastructure of the field at the expansion stage, the main question arose about the study of spatial and temporal variability in connection with the technogenic evolution of the landscape situation. The spatial and temporal variability is based on generalization and analysis of the data obtained, namely, changes in temperature and humidity conditions, physical, mechanical and thermophysical properties of soils, increasing the depth of the permafrost roof, and the formation of new permafrost formations.
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Features of Experimental-Methodical Electrical Exploration Studies at the MSU Training Area (Aleksandrovka Village)
Authors E. Ermolin, V. Kulikov, A. Melnikov and A. AsoskovSummaryIn May 2019, along a line in the area of the village of Aleksandrovka (Kaluga Region), a integrated electrical exploration was performed, which included the method of audiomagnetotelluric sounding (AMT), the resistivity method, and the method of induced polarization (IP). The resistivity method is performed in the modification of vertical electrical sounding (VES) and electrical tomography (ET). The paper presents the methodological features of data analysis and interpretation. A comparison of the results of time and frequency IP measurements was done. The results of the interpretation of the data of AMTZ VES and ET were compared. A joint inversion of AMT-ET-VP data was performed.
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Methods of Monitoring Exogenetic Processes in Natural-Technical Systems
Authors I.V. Abaturova and A.V. BykovaSummaryThe article deals the practice of methods for control, hazard evaluation and forecast the development of erosion processes, as well as the features of combining methods for various types of such processes in a natural-technical systems. Field studies were conducted in 2008 - 2015 in the area of the Yamburg oil and gas condensate field with the participation of specialists from the Yamburg permafrost laboratory and with the researchers of Bashkir State University.
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Modern Unmanned Technology in Archaeogeophysical Studies
Authors E.V. Balkov, Y.G. Karin, O.A. Pozdnyakova and P.G. DyadkovSummaryModern geophysical methods, such as magnetometry, electrotomography, electromagnetic profiling, georadar, are widely used in practice and provide important information about the location and structure of individual archaeological sites or monuments in general. Recent technological advances in the field of unmanned technologies open up prospects for a significant increase in the productivity and information content of geophysical surveys. This article is devoted to a review of the world practice of the use of unmanned technologies in archaeological research, a description of practical examples of the use of orthophotography and aeromagnetometry with UAVs for archeological problems, as well as a description of the prospects for the development of aerial versions of equipment for electromagnetic profiling.
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Georadiolocation studies at mining enterprises of Kola region
Authors A.I. Kalashnik and D.V. ZaporozhetsSummaryExperience and results of georadiolocation studies at mining enterprises of Kola region are presented. Justification of applied methods of field research and methods of calibration of received data has been performed. Description of mining-geological, mining-technical and hydrogeological tasks solved using georadiolocation at mining enterprises: Apatit, Kovdorsky GOK, Kola MMK, OLKON, Oneny ruchei is given. Interpretation of detected features for the most complex mining and technical objects is given. It has been shown that the use of georadiolocation has allowed to obtain more detailed information in digital two-dimensional and three-dimensional model. It has been established that the greatest positive effect of georadiolocation is achieved by integration with other geophysical, geotechnical and geodetic methods.
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An Approach to the Geometric 3D Inversion of Airborne EM Data for Detection and Geometrization of Local targets Overlapped by Laterally Inhomogeneous Layers
Authors M.G. Persova, Y.G. Soloveichik, D.V. Vagin, D.S. Kiselev, A.P. Sivenkova and Y.I. KoshkinaSummaryThe paper proposes an approach to performing geometric 3D inversions of airborne EM data, which allows the detection and geometrization of local targets in complex geoelectrical media, i.e. in situations, when the targets response in the signals is mixed with the responses from other inhomogeneities, such as changing conductivity of overburdens, elevations of relief, etc. The approach is based on the use of special parametrizations of the background medium and target objects and step-by-step recovery of a geoelectrical model. At the first stage, 3D conductivity distribution is recovered in the overburdens, and, on the basis of the remaining residuals between the observed and calculated data, the areas potentially corresponding to targets positions are localized. At the second stage, in these areas, the geometric (including inclinations) and electrophysic characteristics of the targets are determined. The workability of the proposed approach is demonstrated on the data synthesized for a 3D medium, which is obtained as a result of airborne EM data processing measured by the HeliTem system in the Ural region. It is shown, that the boundaries, depth and inclination of the stratified local body, which is overlapped by a significantly laterally inhomogeneous layer, are recovered confidently and quite adequately.
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Automatic cavity detection in building structures according to GPR data
Authors R.A. Eremin and Y.A. SukhobokSummaryThe experience of automatic detection of cavity according to GPR data in building structures using digital signal and image processing techniques is given. Efficiency and prospects of practical application of automation in processing of GPR data for detection of dangerous man-made processes taking place in structures of transport structures, such as highways and railways, are assessed.
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The Analysis of the Head Waves Registered in Crosshole Survey for Calculation Velocities in the Vicinity of Boreholes
Authors A.V. Chugaev, V.P. Lisin, A.I. Babkin and K.J. TomilovSummaryThe crosshole method applied at the Verhnekamskoe potash deposit showed the possibility of head wave studying and obtaining additional information. The releationship is determined of the head waves apparent velocity, registered in the wells, velocities in upper and bottom layers. The given approach allows calculating integral velocities of P-waves in the bottom layer beneath the wells, refining velocities in thev vicinity of boreholes in the zone covered by the head wave. The head waves studying enables to get additional geological and geophysical information concerning objects of research and increases crosshole effectiveness.
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Comparing the Results of MER with the Results of a Traditional Algorithm for Solving the Inverse Problem of Electrical Exploration
More LessSummaryTesting the MER method with model examples showed its high efficiency in the inversion of VES curves complicated by interference. In the framework of this article, the possibility of using the MER method for VES data not burdened by interference is considered. To compare the effectiveness of traditional and alternative approaches to solving the inverse problem of electrical exploration, the VES curve is chosen as an example. For each method, 100 options for solving the inverse problem are calculated. The results obtained convincingly indicate that the MER method has advantages over the traditionally used method of minimizing the standard deviation.
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Application Seismic Attenuation Tomography in Studies of Geohazard on Evidence Complex Engineering Site Investigations
Authors N.V. Kulikova, V.V. Glazunov, S.M. Daniliev, N.N. Efimova and A.I. KulikovSummaryThe work discusses the results of complex engineering site investigations to revelation of gas-saturated sand deposits and areas of propagation of karst and subsurface erosion processes by electric resisting method and seismic exploration works. For a detailed survey of local inhomogeneities the method of amplitude tomography with the estimation of the spatial distribution of the attenuation coefficient of seismic waves was used. Researches have shown the effectiveness of this complex for the investigations of geohazards concerned with shallow gas accumulation and development of karst and subsurface erosion.
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Use of Geological and Structural Analysis in Evaluating Engineering and Geological Conditions of Mineral Deposits
Authors I.V. Abaturova, L.A. Storozhenko, V.B. Pisetsky and I.A. SavintsevSummaryModern engineering and geological conditions of the territories of mineral deposits are formed throughout the geological history of their development and all the most important engineering and geological parameters are closely related to historical, genetic and geological and structural features. Studying and evaluating rock masses at a depth of thousands of meters and predicting the development of engineering and geological processes is impossible without knowledge of their geological features, tectonic structure, and natural stress state. The experience of studying and testing have shown that for arrays composed of rocky soils question about the engineering-geological peculiarities of the fault tectonics, its internal structure is one of the most important, since it determines the deformation, strength and filtration properties of rocks, contributes to the development of geological processes, distribution of heat flow. In this regard, engineering and geological assessment of the geological and structural structure of mineral deposits is an urgent task.
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Investigation Destruction Zones of Mine Workings by GPR Data
Authors S.M. Danilev and N.A. DanilevaSummaryMine workings are difficult mining and geological objects that require regular monitoring of technical condition in order to predict and minimize risks. Along with the classical methods of monitoring the technical condition of mine workings, it is advisable to introduce GPR studies into the complex of evaluation methods. The use GPR technologies, which allows without affecting the strengthening structures and the rock mass containing mine workings, will allow opportunely localization hidden areas of disturbance that lead to increased mining and geological risks for mine work.
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Identification Layers of Potassium-Magnesium Salts in the Well Section Based on the Interpretation Well-Logging Data
Authors S.M. Danilev and N.A. DanilevaSummaryCurrent development of potassium-magnesium salt deposits in order to obtain highly demanded fertilizers used in the agricultural industry of Russia is an important strategic task. The use of the geophysical well-logging complex in search and evaluation and exploration wells of salt deposits will allow you to refine the resources and reserves of potassium and magnesium salts, make a recalculation of reserves and resources, and enter the fields into the development stage. The proposed geophysical well-logging system consists of electrical, acoustic, and radioactive methods for solving the assigned tasks. These methods allow obtaining geological and geophysical information about any interval of the salt layer crossed by a well, identifying productive zones, and constructing summary geological and geophysical sections that display the geological structure of the area under study. Chemogenic rocks section have a range of geophysical features of the recorded fields, which allow tracing and detecting potassium-magnesium salt in the section by a group of radioactive, acoustic and electrical methods. The addition of the geophysical well-logging complex with spectrometric modifications of radioactive logging and neutron logging methods allows us to identify potassium-magnesium inclusions and refine the intervals from the occurrence.
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The Optimal Speed of Spectrometric Gamma-Ray Logging Choosing by Logging Example a Hydrogeological Well in the Leningrad Region
Authors A.A. Miller, G.K. Grigoriev, V.S. Kirillov and G.D. GorelikSummaryStatistical accuracy of the spectrometric gamma-ray logging measurements is analyzed by the example of a specific hydrogeological well. For choosing the optimal logging speed by the spectrometric gamma-ray logging are given recommendations.
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Numerical Model for Assessing the Dissolution of Inter-Chamber Pillars during Flooding of the SKRU-2 Mine of the Vernekamskoye Salts Deposit
Authors A.A. Potapov, P.K. Konosavsky and R.A. FilinSummaryThe purpose of the research was the development and implementation of a numerical ground water flow and migration model of the worked out space of the SKRU-2 underground salt mine of the Vernekamskoye potassium-magnesium salt deposit in connection with its emergency flooding by groundwater from the over-salt strata of the rocks. The numerical model was implemented on the basis of the Processing Modflow software package version 5. The main task of modeling was the numerical calculation of the possible degradation of interchamber pillars due to their dissolution by the flow of groundwater flooding it. As a result of research, zoning of the mine’s mine field was carried out according to the final degradation of the pillars at the time of complete flooding of the mine during the implementation of various possible scenarios of flooding conditions.
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Surface Conductivity and Induced Polarization of Kimberlite
Authors V.I. Emelyanov, K.V. Titov and A. RevilSummaryKimberlites are the main sources of diamonds. In field geophysics kimberlite pipes are characterized by anomalies of low resistivity. However, the reason for high electrical conductivity is not clear. We have carried out multi-salinity experiments with two kimberlite samples (autolitic and xenotuffisitic breccia) from Arkhangelsk region (Lomonosova Deposit). Samples were saturated with brines of different electrical conductivity values (from 0.01 to 3.77 S/m). Complex electrical conductivity was measured with SIP FUCHS-III instrument in the frequency range from 1.43 mHz to 20 kHz. We found the bulk conductivity of sample is larger than that of the pore water (at the brine electrical conductivity range typical for fresh water). The quadrature conductivity values at 1.46 Hz are larger than that typically obtained for e.g., magmatic rocks and sandstones. We attribute this complex conductivity behavior to the surface conductivity influence. Furthermore, our kimberlite samples have a high values of cation-exchange capacity (CEC). It can be explained by the presence of smectites in mineral composition.
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The Results of the Plate with Footprints of Dinosaur and the Adjacent to its Territory Investigation by the Methods of Geophysics and Geochemistry
Authors V.M. Yakushev, M.P. Sherstyukov and V.V. YuferevaSummaryThe geophysics and geochemistry methods were used to explore the plate with the footprints of a dinosaur, as well as the adjacent to its territory. The purpose of the research is to determine the geometric dimensions of the plate, including its underground part, the degree of cohesion with underlying rocks and to assess the possibility of transporting this object to the adjacent territory of National Park Kislovodsky . This is necessary to ensure proper storage conditions of the plate, as well as free access to it by tourists and researchers. It was shown that the plate is a breakaway fragment of the rocky outcrop, under which it is located, and is non transportable due to its geometric dimensions and weight. The only way to ensure the accessibility of the object is to peel off and move to adjacent territory the top layer of the plate with the footprints of a dinosaur. In addition, the footprint layer of the rock has been revealed in the rocky outcrop and its spreading has been defined. It has been established that in some places this layer extends to the daylight surface. This means that it is advisable to conduct a more detailed survey of the Kislovodsk city territory, since there is a possibility of revealing other traces of the ancient reptiles vital activity.
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The Study of Effective Foundation Design Methods Taking into Account Seismoacoustic Methods
Authors V.A. Bereznev and V.V. NikiforovSummaryThe article is devoted to the possibilities of predicting the deformation characteristics of the soil by indirect methods, namely, based on the analysis of changes in the velocities of elastic waves in the upper part of the section
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The Induced Polarization Effect in Airborne EM Prospecting of Ore Deposits in the Ural Region
Authors M.G. Persova, Y.G. Soloveichik, D.V. Vagin, A.P. Sivenkova, E.I. Simon and M.G. TokarevaSummaryThe paper presents the comparative analysis of observed airborne EM data influenced by induced polarization (IP) effect and the data obtained by 3D modeling. The 3D modeling is performed using the approach proposed by the authors and based on the results of physical experiments. For the comparative analysis, the data obtained in airborne EM prospecting of ore deposits in the Ural region are used. At the first stage of study, 3D conductivity distribution has been obtained using the 3D inversion of data in early time channels. At the second stage, IP parameters have been defined through forward 3D modeling. The comparative analysis of observed and calculated airborne EM data shows that space-time distribution of the signal calculated with the use of the approach proposed for 3D modeling a geological medium is in good agreement with the observed data (including different components of the field and time channels). It is also shown that the maximum of IP effect in the AEM signals is observed on the boundaries of conductivity 3D inhomogeneities, and the approach proposed allows us to correctly take into account the IP processes in AEM data processing.
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The Study of Taliks of Central Yakutia by Electrotomography
By K.I. BazhinSummaryThe paper presents materials of the studies of the suprapermafrost taliks of Central Yakutia using the method of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The high efficiency of the ERT method for investigation of the talik geometry in sandy deposits is shown. Data on the spatial distribution and seasonal dynamics of the water-bearing talik at the Shestakovka station of the Melnikov Permafrost Institute SB RAS are presented.
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Estimation of Information Content of Mine Multi-Wave Seismic Survey for Prediction of Variability of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass
Authors A.I. Babkin, I.A. Sanfirov and A.M. MacheretSummaryThe Traditional solution of structural problems when detailing and predicting a geological section does not fully allow taking into account the state of the rock mass in geomechanical calculations. In the conditions of intensive technogenic impact on the subsoil, it is extremely important to take into account the variability of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the rock mass. Predictive estimates of such characteristics as the dynamic modulus of elasticity and the Poisson's ratio can be obtained in the framework of mine multi-wave seismoacoustic studies. For the correct use of seismic data in the implementation of multi-wave interpretation, the information content of wave fields recorded in mine workings was evaluated. This made it possible to form a technology for seismoacoustic prediction of the variability of physical and mechanical properties of productive layers. The forecast is based on statistical processing of the received seismic and acoustic data together with the results of laboratory tests of rocks for strength properties.
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Downhole Emitter for Creating a Field of Elastic Vibrations in a Geological Environment
Authors A.A. Abdrashitov and E.A. MarfinSummaryOne of the geophysical methods is acoustic cross-hole sounding, which requires emitters of elastic vibrations. This paper presents the results of a study of the hydrodynamic jet Helmholtz oscillator. This device allows you to generate pressure fluctuations of large amplitude, as well as create cavitation jets. The dependences of the amplitude and frequency of the generated oscillations on the fluid flow and external conditions are established. The conditions and the region of generation of stable oscillations are determined. Experimental studies have shown that such an emitter can be effectively used in acoustic cross-hole sounding to create artificial fields of elastic vibrations in geological environments. Such devices will also be useful for acoustic stimulation of the formation during oil production at high pressures, as well as for the creation of cavitation jets at low backpressures in solving various practical problems.
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Geological and Archeological Model of the Protection Zone of the Necropolis of the State Museum Preserve «Tauric Chersonese» According to the Data of Complex Geophysical Studies
Authors V.V. Glazunov, G.D. Gorelik, A.S. Ageev and N.N. EfimovaSummaryThe paper presents the results of the field stage of study on the territory of necropolis of VI – ХIV centuries, which is located in the south direction from Chersonesos, in Karantinnaya beam on the right side of Karantinnaya bay. Innovativeness is in the multidisciplinary approach to the research with the use of geoscientific methods, which minimize the impact on subterranean funeral construction for its examination. The methodology is based on georadiolocation and electrotomography surveys on the measurement grid of parallel lines on the chosen area of necropolis. The result of geophysical research is forecast map of funeral constructions based on isometric anomalies on georadiolocation profiles.
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Mining Waste as Objects of Small Business
Authors V.B. Boltyrov, S.A. Degtyarev, L.A. Storozhenko and S.G. SeleznevSummaryThe problems associated with small business in the development of mining waste are considered; It is noted that the main obstacle is the lack of state support and legislative support.
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Studies of the Dynamic Characteristics of Reflected Waves in the Presence of Inhomogeneities Dimensions Smaller than the Seismic Resolution
More LessSummaryWhen the particle is much smaller than the wavelength, scattering is a special case of Rayleigh scattering. If the particle size is close to the wavelength, the scattering pattern becomes complex. The phenomenon is considered from the point of view of the Mie scattering theory. If the sphere is much larger than the wavelength, then the refraction and reflection of the waves, which are described by the Fresnel formulas, occurs. This paper demonstrates the results of the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of seismic waves. The zones of zero absolute values of the derivative of the mean amplitudes with t may indicate the presence of diffracting objects, an example, a hole, with a diameter of ten times smaller than the wavelength of the signal. Areas of decreasing the energy of the dominant frequency in the presence of velocity inhomogeneities are distinguished. Areas of increased energy of the high-frequency components of the spectrum are distinguished in the presence of small multi-oriented fracturing. Loc
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Application of High Precision Gravity Survey in Antimony Ore Bodies Exploration
Authors A.B. Karmanov and A.A. NikulinaSummaryExperimental high precision gravity survey was conducted at Surmianoye deposit in Transbaikal region in 2017. The aim was to understand whether high precision gravity survey is effective in revealing antimony ore bodies at this deposit. During the survey the following tasks were accomplished:
- Measurement methods of high precision gravity survey were refined;
- Anomalies associated with antimony ore bodies within the test area were detected, the mineralized zones were delineated;
- Procedures to primarily process and interpret the gravity observation results were defined;
- Possibility of antimony ore bodies detection was assessed (including width, length, Sb grade ranges).
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Compound Electrodes Arrangement in Electrical Resistivity Tomography
By A. BobachevSummaryIt is shown than compound electrodes arrangement in electrical resistivity tomography helps to improve data quality and the efficiency of field process
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Electrophysical Properties of Sand-Water Mixtures in Various Phase States
Authors V.A. Yavna, S.N. Sulavko, A.G. Kochur, A.A. Vasilchenko and P. DanielSummaryIn the work, the method of resonance measurements at a frequency of 1700 MHz was applied to investigate the dependences of dielectric constant and specific conductivity of quarry sand on moisture, salinity, ionic composition, and temperature.
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Electrophysical Properties of Bentonite and Kaolin Depending on Salinity and Temperature
Authors V.A. Yavna, S.N. Sulavko, A.G. Kochur, A.A. Vasilchenko and P. DanielSummaryIn this work, the dependences of the complex dielectric constant of bentonite clays and koalin on moisture, salinity, and temperature are studied by the method of resonance measurements in the microwave range of electromagnetic waves at frequencies of 1.4 - 1.7 GHz. A correlation is established between the electrical and mechanical properties of the materials studied.
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GPR Calibration for Determining the Electrophysical Properties of Soil Structural Layers
Authors V.L. Shapovalov, A.V. Morozov, A.A. Vasilchenko, M.V. Okost and V.A YavnaSummaryA technology for calibrating GPR equipment is applied to three antenna units and two georadars. Measurements and calculations performed demonstrate the universality of the technology for the quantitative processing of georadar data and make it possible to assess the difference in the properties of georadar equipment of the same type.
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GPR Method for Studying the Drainage Properties of Sand Layers
Authors V.L. Shapovalov, A.V. Morozov, A.A. Vasilchenko, M.V. Okost and V.A YavnaSummaryDuring construction work, the achievement compaction indicators set by the project depends on the distribution of moisture along the depth of the structural layers. In this paper, we propose a method for controlling the moisture of draining materials structural layers based on the use of the GPR technologies.
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GPR Equipment for Solving Road Problems
More LessSummaryThe road problems to be solved with the help of georadars are considered. The results of the application of various designs of georadars for solving road problems when performing comparative studies are analyzed. Foreign designs of road georadars are considered. Requirements to be met by road georadars
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Multichannel Magnetometry to Search for Technogenic Iron Objects in Covering Environments
Authors L.A. Muravyev, N.V. Fedorova, A.Y. Denisov, V.A. Sapunov, V.V. Savelev and V.G. BezdudnySummaryThe use of modern sensitive magnetometric equipment makes possible to improve the detection efficiency of deeply buried iron objects to a high level that provides detection in very difficult conditions (large depth in the ground or underwater, rough terrain, large magnetic field gradient). We present a multi-channel magnetic gradiometer system based on the absolute nuclear precession sensor POS with RS232 port developed and produced in UrFU QMLab. Its measurement principle is based on the Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization effect. We describe the basic principles of the multi-channel measuring system design, the choice of sensor number and location. We use a special measurement synchronization technology when the process starts by a command transferred by a common (integrated) RS232 port control wire and the measurement results from each channel are received individually, which allows to increase the number of channels. Experiments reveal the characteristics of magnetic field anomalies of model objects. The processing software includes an unit for automated search of the objects parameters.
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Magnetometric Search Technology for Extraterrestrial Matter
Authors L.A. Muravyev, E.D. Narkhov, V.A. Sapunov, A.V. Sergeev and A.L. FedorovSummaryGround-based magnetometry is one of the main methods for detecting buried iron-containing items, such as meteorites. Despite the efficiency of high-sensitivity deep metal detectors, the technology of magnetometric search does not lose relevance. The method of free search can be easily applied by the operator with minimal experience of using the magnetometer. We have accumulated experience in applying this technique in different conditions: in the large magnetic field gradients due to geological features (meteorite shower Kunashak); in a sufficiently homogeneous magnetic field (search for a meteorite shower Tsarev); on the water surfaces of lakes in the search for a meteorite, supposedly fallen into a lake. We present the results of a magnetometric survey of a funnel of presumably meteorite origin. The results of magnetic surveys from the ice surface are also presented in order to detect the location of the main mass of the Chelyabinsk meteorite. Urals Meteoritic Expedition’s almost twenty years of experience with the magnetometers MMPOS indicates the successful possibility of carrying out prospecting work for a meteorite substance both on land and in water areas.
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Modernization of Ground-Based Overhauser POS Magnetometers to Use on Small Unmanned Copter-Type Aerial Vehicles
SummaryThe modification of the proton Overhauser magnetometer POS-1 presented in the report is promising for universal use in ground conditions as an autonomous variation station and for aerial magnetic reconnaissance on copter-type UAVs. The POS-1aero magnetometer is capable of providing a sensitivity of 0.03–0.3 NT with a measurement cycle of 1–1/3 seconds and absolute accuracy up to 1nT at the accumulation of time-bound continuous measurements. Given the low weight of the new Overhauser sensor, there is a development prospect for creating three-axis copter type aero-gradiometers
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DiInSo software package for solving direct and inverse problems of electrotomography in non-typical problem definition
More LessSummaryThe current state of electrotomography has a noticeable skew to practice. In the market of software that solves the inversion problems, several products actively used by scientists from around the world firmly established themselves. The source code in this software is closed, and many algorithmic steps are perform automatically without the ability to influence them from the user. In fairness, it should be note that in most cases, these programs successfully cope with their task, and their regular updating allows solving more and more complex problems. However, it is not rare cases for automation to fail, and the results of the inversion have significant differences for adjacent research profiles or for software from different companies. How to be in this situation? What results to trust and how to interpret them, if we often do not even know the theoretical basis laid down in the software code? In this paper, the DiInSo software package is present, which is being develop with the aim of giving greater understanding to the researcher using solution algorithms, as well as allowing simulating direct and inverse problems of high geometric and physical complexity.
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