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Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2021
- Conference date: April 26-30, 2021
- Location: Online
- Published: 26 April 2021
81 - 100 of 184 results
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Ground Penetrating Radar Application to Assess The Warming Effect of The Road on Polygonal Peat Bogs in The Northern Part of The Pur-Taz Interfluve
Authors M.S. Sudakova, D.A. Kaverin, E.A. Babkina, E.M. Babkin, N.Yu. Fakashchuk, R.R. Khairullin and A.V. KhomutovSummaryClimate changes occurring in the Arctic regions cause the transformation of permafrost conditions, including thawing of permafrost. In the last decade, cryogenic processes have been intensifying in the Arctic, including the southern tundra of Western Siberia. In the peat bogs of the khasyreys of the Pur-Taz interfluve, thermokarst processes along polygonal-wedge ice and thermal erosion are especially widespread. However, there is a significant lack of research related to the impact of transport infrastructure on polygonal peatlands. The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method has shown itself to be effective in solving geocryological problems associated with areas of development of peatlands. This work is devoted to the use of GPR for assessing the warming effect of a road in a complex of geocryological works. All profiles crossed the road, the main emphasis was on the warming effect of the road and roadside depressions on the permafrost roof. The anthropogenic impact on the permafrost roof is clearly reflected in its position on the ground penetrating radar data.
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Approximation of Multichannel Magnetometry Results for Local Ferromagnetic Objects Search
Authors L.A. Muravyеv and V.A. SapunovSummaryMultichannel magnetometry is a way to increase the magnetic survey efficiency. Nuclear-precession overhauser magnetometers provide the sensitivity sufficient for detecting and mapping magnetic field anomalies from deep-lying objects and the necessary gradient stability for detailing anomalies from intensely magnetized and closely spaced bodies. We analyzed the efficiency of magnetic survey data accumulated at several heights, having carried out the approximation with a model source. Experimental data were obtained in the Arti observatory of the Institute of Geophysics UB RAS during survey of a hollow iron cylinder. Parameters were selected in Matlab for each type of model sources separately for each survey height, and then a common source was selected as the best approximation of the entire dataset at all heights. The dipole approximation is sufficient when simulating the magnetic anomaly of a small source body relative to the survey height, which saves computing power. The deviation of the anomaly from the dipole one may indicate a significantly greater length of the magnetized object. Results provide a more accurate estimate of the survey error, which can be useful in optimizing the methodological issues of micromagnetic survey and optimizing the position of the multichannel magnetometer sensors.
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Geological Structure of The Eastern Gulf of Finland Coastal Zone and Underwater Slope Based on Interpretation of The Seismoacoustic and Ground Penetrating Radar Data
Authors L.M. Budanov, A.Yu. Sergeev and O.A. KovalevaSummaryThe modern methods of the geological and geophysical data analysis allowed to understand the geological structure of the actively developing area - the coastal zone of the eastern Gulf of Finland. For the first time at the investigated area complex interpretation of sub-bottom and ground penetration radar profiling data was performed. The parameters of the coastal zone essential for an adequate assessment of the current state, understanding of the evolution and forecasting of development were calculated. Implementation of the full profiles detailed analysis including aerial and underwater parts allowed to detect outcrops of glacial sediments and to set the average thickness of different deposit layers: Litorina sandy sediments - 1–3 m, underwater subsurface deposit - 2–4 m and modern beach sediments - 0.5–2 m.
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Creation of a 3D Geological and Geophysical Model of The Erdenetiyn-Ovoo Field
Authors I. Ivanov, A. Dolgushin and V. GurevSummary“The paper presents a study on the construction of 3D-models for the reference ore site Central, by combining geological data, information from well logging, the results of the interpretation of geophysical data by the VES-IP method and magnetic exploration materials. An understanding of the 3D-structure and the identification of perspective (ore-controlling zones) in the field of research are necessary for the selection of further works. The study demonstrates the potential of using geophysical data with geological constraints to build 3D-models in structurally complex areas to search for minerals at depth, because as near-surface deposits are developed, we are forced to conduct exploration at greater depths in search of new deposits.”
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Investigation of Dense Dumps of Overburden Rocks in The Kirovsky Mine by Methods of Engineering Geophysics
Authors S.M. Daniliev, N.A. Danilieva and N.V. BolshakovaSummaryOverburden dumps are complex and unique technogenic objects, characterized by their engineering and geological features. They represent the storage of various products, which was created during the dump body formation. Therefore, the distribution of the properties of technogenic soils is not systematic within dumps and it requires detailed engineering and geological studies for the further construction. Consequently, it is advisable to use complex electrical exploration studies with the classical methods of engineering geology for examination of dumps body. The electrophysical properties directly depend on the humidity and composition of technogenic soils, which makes it possible to identify dry and water-saturated zones and indicate layers with different physical and mechanical properties in the body of the dump.
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The Method of Rare Combinations for Solving Engineering-Geological Problems Based on Electrical Prospecting Data
Authors Yu. I. Stepanov and L.A. KristenkoSummaryThe problem of stable identification of areas of expected engineering-geological complications within the Verkhnekamskoe potassium-magnesium salt deposit based on electrical prospecting data is considered. In addition to performing standard-free classification procedures, it is proposed to use the total frequency spectrum method or the rare combination method (MRC) for the same set of features. The spatial arrangement of the anomalous regions identified by the two methods is in good agreement with each other. This confirms the reliability of the results obtained.
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Polarizable Electrodes Testing for Self-Potential and Induced Polarization Measurements in Borehole
Authors B. Mehalli and K.V. TitovSummaryWhen carrying out field works with Self-Potential (SP) and Induced Polarization (IP) methods, it is necessary to measure small values of the electric field; therefore, non-polarizable electrodes are used. However, for measurements in boreholes, the use of non-polarizable electrodes is technologically inconvenient. In this work, we performed systematic series of PS measurements, in order to study the stability of polarizable lead electrodes in a borehole. We present results of monitoring of voltage between two electrodes in a probe submerged in a hydrogeological borehole with fresh water (∼ 0.05 S/m). Repeating measurements separated by several days show that when the electrodes were not moved, their average drift does not exceed 0.5 mV/day. Voltage of unclear nature occurs when the electrodes were moved along the borehole, with a drift of about 13 mV when the probe is lifted by 2 meters, which significantly complicates the operational SP measurements. Relaxation to a stable level takes about 15 minutes. However, the variation interval of the potential is relatively acceptable enough to measure IP with a pulse duration of several seconds, since modern equipment offers the possibility of compensating not only the linear voltage drift, but also the second-order drift.
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Experimental Setup for Studying The Permeability of a Porous Medium in The Field of Elastic Vibrations
Authors E.A. Marfin, A.A. Abdrashitov and R.N. GataullinSummaryPermeability is an important filtration characteristic of a rock. It characterizes the energy costs for extracting oil from the subsoil. By acting elastic wave on a porous medium, you can increase its permeability. In this work, the dependence of the permeability of a porous medium on its properties and parameters of wave action is mathematically derived. An experimental setup for studying the mechanism of influence on the filtration process by elastic vibrations is developed. The setup allows carrying out experiments in wide ranges of exposure intensity and with different types of fluids. A test experiment with a highly porous sample showed an increase in permeability by 20%. In this case, after the cessation of exposure, the permeability decreases.
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Using The Results of Electrical Exploration to Take into Account the Influence of Permafrost in The Processing of Seismic Data
Authors D.V. Yakovlev, A.V. Solovieva, G.E. Slinchuk, S.A. Anoshina, G.I. Suslov, A.E. Gubina and M.O. ScherbatykhSummaryWhen constructing models of the depth distribution of seismic velocities, it is necessary to take special account of the distortions introduced by high-velocity permafrost characterized by lateral heterogeneity (taliks) and variable thickness. Geoelectric sections constructed along the lines of seismic profiles make it possible to determine variations in the thickness of the permafrost strata. In addition, on the basis of the known (regional, literature and well data) and newly established correlations between the resistivity and seismic velocities, it is possible to determine the initial values of the velocities of the uppermost, unsolvable according to the available seismic observations, section horizons for their use in solving problems of seismic modeling and inversion.
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Using The Method of Revealing Structures for Analyzing Spectrometric Gamma-Ray Data
Authors S.G. Kataev, S.S. Kataeva and A.A. MillerSummaryThe possibility of using the method of revealing structures (MRS) in the analysis of spectrometric gamma-ray logging data in the problem of lithological section dissection is investigated
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Improving The Reliability of Velocity Analysis of Shallow Seismic Data
Authors A.G. Yaroslavtsev, M.V. Tarantin and T.V. BaibakovaSummaryResults of continuous velocity analysis of shallow seismic wave data with method of maximum coherence or semblance are not enough stable in time and extent of survey line. In this paper a method is proposed for instability reduction of velocity characteristics of geological section and for enhancement their reliability, when such a processing takes place. All steps are shown on a real data example and some distinctions of resulted wave time sections are described.
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Determination of Tree Trunks Different Species Moisture Content by GPR Tomography
Authors M.S. Sudakova, E.B. Terentieva and A. KalashnikovSummaryNon-destructive Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique can provide a diagnostic tool for assessing the moisture content of live tree trunks based on internal dielectric permittivity distribution. In the current work we discuss the capabilities of GPR tomography on imaging the interval structure of a healthy tree and quantitative estimation of moisture content (MC) based on distribution of dielectric permittivity, directly related to MC. Described in this work measurements were made on the trunks of live trees of different species in different visible health status, even with rot inside. The results of suggested approach were confirmed by resistography. Different parts of the trunk (bark, core, sapwood), as well as healthy and affected areas differ in moisture content, so the method of GPR tomography allowed us to see both the structure of the trunk of a healthy tree, and the presence and dimensions of defects.
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Monitoring of Transport Artificial Objects for The Construction of Mountain Rivers
Authors D.R. Tagirova, V.L. Shapovalov, V.A. Yavna and M.V. OkostSummaryRecent climate change leads to local changes in the weather. Precipitation in the form of rain began to be more often torrential, with multiple exceeding the average statistical norms, which, in combination with the rapidly changing temperature, direction and speed of the wind, negatively affects the state of artificial structures (protective, culvert, regulating). ). The development of a network of roads and railways in mountainous areas inevitably leads to an increase in the number of destructive natural impacts on transport infrastructure facilities. As a rule, the structural requirements for strength and durability, implemented during the construction of facilities, ensure the safe movement of vehicles. However, interruptions in traffic are periodically observed due to floods, undermining and destruction of bridges and other transport facilities. For example, the flood in October 2018 p. The tip has led to the collapse of the automobile bridge at the confluence of the river. Chicken in r. Tuapse, and traffic stops on the only straight road connecting Maykop and the Black Sea coast (Figure 1). In such conditions, ensuring the safety of vehicle traffic significantly depends on the ability to predict the onset of extreme natural anomalies, the volume and speed of the spillway on mountain rivers and the analysis of the possible destruction of culverts and water protection structures.
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Integrated Interpretation of Ground-Based and Mine Seismic Surveys in The Potash Deposit Areas with a Complicated Geological Structure
Authors .I. Nikiforova, I.A. Sanfirov, V.M. Nezdanov and R.A. BogdanovSummaryThe new areas within the mine fields of the existing Upper Kama potash deposit are characterized by an increasingly complex geological structure. Additional volumes of direct geological research are significantly limited by the unavoidable loss of reserves. In most such cases, the adoption of adequate mining and technical solutions for their development is possible only on the basis of a detailed analysis of all the existing geological and geophysical information. The most traditional set of geophysical data on the features of the water protection layer structure, which determines the possibility of mining operations, includes the results of ground-based and mine seismic surveys. Despite the fact that the methodological foundations of their mutual interpretation were considered earlier, certain peculiarities arise in each specific case, depending on the object of research.
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Forecast of Changes in The Temperature Conditions of The Ice Complex in The Process of Forming a Natural-Technical System of Different Levels
Authors E.D. Mazaitova and I.A. KorolevaSummaryOne of the main parameters that determine the bearing capacity of permafrost soils as the basis for various engineering structures are their temperature conditions. Permafrost soils are characterized by different origins, variability in thickness and vertical structure, features of physical and mechanical, thermophysical properties, largely associated with the presence of ice in them, which determines the composition of rocks, their structural and textural features and composition in the massif. The problem of the stability of structures on permafrost soils is very relevant, this is confirmed by a significant share of deformations of buildings and structures at the present time. Without sufficient study and consideration of permafrost engineering and geological conditions, that is, without predicting their changes, reliable and economically viable construction and operation of the designed structures are often practically impossible. In recent years, in the study of the heat balance of the earth's surface, the method of calculating changes in the heat flux through the earth's surface from temperature data has become increasingly popular. In this paper, we consider an algorithm for predicting changes in the heat flow for a number of surface temperature values, based on various models for approximating the temperature history of the earth's surface.
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Combined Use of DAS and DSS for Landslide Detection and Assessment
More LessSummaryA variety of landslides such as mud flow, rock fall and rock avalanche can be detected with Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS). The consequences of the event and the preliminary signs of its development can be assessed by Distributed Strain Sensing. The combination of DAS and DSS instrumentation in the Geotechnical Monitoring System (GTMS) helps to mitigate geohazard risks along infrastructures crossing challenging environments.
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Experience in Application of a Specialized ROV for The Detection of UXOs when Performing Offshore Site Surveys
Authors A.A. Shmatkov and N.A. AntonovSummaryWhen planning underwater linear structures (pipelines, cable routes, communication lines, etc.), a problem of anthropogenic (AO) and explosive (UXO) objects on the seabed should be addressed. Due to the extent of such structures that can reach hundreds and thousands of kilometers the occurrence of various AOs and UXOs is possible. Therefore, the success of the site surveys requires technologies capable to increase the survey efficiency and quality of the results. One of such technologies can be application of ROVs. The development of ROVs made it possible to improve significantly their functionality and efficiency both at the stage of geophysical exploration and during visual and instrumental survey. The modern offshore UXOs exploration is based on a comprehensive analysis of various data obtained by towed systems or by ROV/ AUVs. However, the use of the standard ROVs is not always feasible due to a number of disadvantages. This presentation considers practical results obtained by fluxgate systems designed for surveying the linear structures and having a large number of sensors installed on a specialized ROV. Such technology helps to reduce the time of the survey and to improve UXOs detection due to efficiency of the magnetic survey and simultaneous video data recording.
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Physical and Chemical Parameters of The Ore-Forming Process of The Chertovo Koryto Deposit
Authors Yu.I Tarasova and A.A. BudyakSummaryThe purpose of this work is obtain additional information about the features of fluid inclusions, which makes it possible to cl arify the thermobarochemical parameters of the processes that contributed to the formation of the ore bodies of the Chertovo Koryto deposit. It was carried out inclusions in different types of quartz, their composition, cryotermetric studies, and the data obtained was compared with those already known to determine thermobarogeochemical criteria for the difference between ore and post-ore quartz. Gold-bearing quartz-sulphide veins were formed from a fluid characterized by a temperature of the order of 380–440 ° C, and a salinity of a solution of 4 wt. % NaCl-eq. With the active participation of carbon dioxide. At an early stage, gold was carried by a carbon dioxide fluid formed as a result of carbon decarbonisation during the destruction of the organic matter of the enclosing black shale deposits with their subsequent localization on geochemical barriers. Post-ore quartz veins were formed due to a fluid with a temperature not exceeding 160 °C and salinity of the solution not exceeding 2.0 wt. % NaCl-eq., with a significant decrease in the proportion of carbon dioxide in the gas component and an increase in the proportion of N2 and CH4. The predominant role of CO2, CH4 and N2 in the composition of inclusions is a reflection of the confinement of quartz veins to black shales with a significant content of organic matter.
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Mechanisms of Ore Formation of Gold Deposits in Black Shale Strata on The Example of The Krasny Deposit (Bodaybinsky District, Irkutsk Region)
Authors A.E. Budyak, A.V. Blinov and V.D. BaikinSummaryThe results of studies of rocks and ores of the Krasny deposit located on the territory of the Baikal-Patomsky upland (north of the Irkutsk region, Russia) are presented. According to the study data, the ore mineralization of the deposit was formed in the conditions of the green-shale facies of metamorphism (200–400° C). The following sequence of mineral formation is recorded: Early framboidal and micrograin pyrite (I and II), with nanoparticles of native gold evenly distributed over the surface, is superimposed with a high-temperature association of ore minerals, including arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite-III, native gold, galena, sphalerite, and faded ores, associated with the development of regional metamorphism of the green shale facies. At the post-ore stage, pyrite-IV crystallizes in the quartz-carbonate rim.
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Application of Geophysical Methods to Survey Airfield Structures and Organization of Continuous Monitoring
Authors M. P. Shirobokov and V.V. KapustinSummaryIntensive development of engineering and technical geophysics methods over the last three decades has led to their introduction into the practice of engineering and construction works at all stages: survey for new construction, design, construction, operation of structures, including repair, reconstruction and liquidation of structures. Geophysical methods at various stages of construction of structures are used in conjunction with engineering-geological methods: drilling, laboratory, field methods of soil testing and various geotechnical methods. However, the ratio of engineering-geological methods and geophysical methods at different stages changes noticeably. While engineering-geological methods prevail at the first stages, geophysical methods may come to the fore at later stages. This is explained, firstly, by technical complexity of drilling methods and methods of field tests of soils at the stage of construction and on operating structures and, secondly, by specificity of tasks which should be solved at these stages. At the stage of surveying for new construction and design of structures, the scope of engineering-geological and geophysical works is regulated by Russian and international standards, as well as by internal departmental norms. At the subsequent stages the number of normative documents regulating the application of engineering and geophysical methods significantly decreases or is absent at all.
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