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Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2019 15th Conference and Exhibition
- Conference date: April 22-26, 2019
- Location: Gelendzhik, Russia
- Published: 16 April 2019
1 - 100 of 110 results
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Features of Oil Well Killing in Abnormal Carbonate Reservoirs Operating Conditions
Authors A. Bondarenko, S. Islamov, D. Mardashov and T. MingalevaSummaryDuring the well killing process, significant gas breakthroughs and fluid loss are observed at the oil and gas condensate field in Volga-Ural province, which requires significant usage of blocking compositions and increases the well service costs. Designed well killing technology should ensure minimal well killing fluid penetration into the reservoir and prevent a gas breakthrough. The paper presents theoretical, experimental and analytical work, the result of common and developed by the author research methods. Laboratory experiments were conducted on modern high-precision equipment with maintenance of in-situ conditions.
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Measurements of Water Resistivity Being at Contact with Soil
Authors A.S. Dernova, D.I. Matveychuk and V.A. ShevninSummaryIn the papers of G.E. Archie and V.N. Dakhnov was estimated dependence between resistivity (or conductivity) of soil and porous water. Existence of such dependence shows that we should know water resistivity, that means study it at each fieldwork area. Sometimes places for measurements of underground water resistivity at each area are restricted, in such case we can measure water resistivity in puddles. Water in puddles immediately after rain has no relation with soil resistivity. The purpose of our study consists in determination the rules of ionic exchange between soil and rain water in time. In the paper (Brunet et al., 2010) the authors demonstrated results of water resistivity measurements at contact with soil in time. They found that two days after the rain water resistivity is close to value of underground water. We wanted to check results of that experiment. Our data in the whole coincide with Brunet results, but are slightly different in details.
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Quality Control of Electrotomography Data and the Problem of Strong Interference
By V.A. ShevninSummarySimple and comprehensible technology of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) quality control can be inversion accuracy. When this accuracy is unacceptable one need additional estimations of quality control: pseudo crosssections visualization, decrease of signal with array distance at sounding curves, statistical distributions of sounding data with array distance, diagrams of current and voltage signals, estimation of practical ERT depth and its comparison with maximal depth in such conditions. These ERT quality control estimations we applied to ERT data obtained at some study area in Moscow region with average inversion error 26.6% and maximal one above 40%. The main cause of bad ERT quality was high level of 50 Hz industrial noise. In such condition we need such ERT instrumentation that instead of high measuring speed can give us high ERT data quality.
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Identification of Sp Anomalies' Nature to Distinguish Between Filtration and Diffusion-Adsorption Origin of Sp Anomalies
By V.A. ShevninSummaryFrequently SP anomalies of DA origin considered as filtration anomalies that is case of false discovery. In nature DA anomalies are widespread while filtration anomalies are more rear. To distinguish these anomalies we should consider correlation of SP potential and apparent resistivity values along the same profile. In case of DA anomalies there is linear correlation between SP potential and logarithm of apparent resistivity. Some examples of SP anomalies are considered
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Application of A Mathematical Model of the Capillary Curve to Elaboration of the Water Saturation of Rocks
Authors Y.V. Martynova and S.P. MikhailovSummaryIIn this work a model for reconstructing the value of the residual water saturation of rocks by fitting an approximating function to the experimental data of capillarymetric studies is used. Using the obtained values of residual water saturation, the coefficients of the J-function Leverett are restored.
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2D Inversion of Ert Data Using Apparent Polarizability Curves
By V. KulikovSummaryIn the past two decades, automatic 2D inversion of ERT has been widely used. If geometrical soundings are carried out with measurement of the induced polarization, then one can interpret the curves of apparent resistivity and apparent polarizability with obtaining two deep-seated models - geoelectric and polarization. In the 1D version of the interpretation, the curves of apparent resistance and apparent polarizability were selected simultaneously in manual or semi-automatic mode. Two-dimensional inversion is often carried out completely automatically. As a rule, in the first stage, the inversion of the curves of apparent resistance is performed to obtain a deep model of resistivity, and in the second stage, the inversion of curves of apparent polarizability is already performed. This is the correct approach, since the two physical parameters obtained are related to each other. However, in some situations, the use of a resistivity model in the inversion of apparent polarizability leads to a deterioration in the result and an erroneous polarization model is obtained. This is especially noticeable in the case of inversion of low-quality data obtained under conditions of strong interference and with a low ratio of useful signal to noise. Our experience in the interpretation of ERT data shows that in some cases, the result of inversion of the curves of apparent polarizability without considering the resistance model provides a more consistent with the geology and balanced polarization model.
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Enhanced-Power Ground Penetrating Radar Survey and Electrical Resistivity Tomography of Geological-Engineering Structure for Groundwater Filtration Zone Research
Authors E.V. Ageenkov, Y.F. Kovalsky, A.V. Morov and A.V. ZyryanovaSummaryCarried out enhanced-power ground penetrating radar (EPGPR) survey and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) of geological-engineering structure for groundwater filtration zone research by Vilyuiskaya GRE and Yakutniproalmaz Institute. It used EPGPR Loza-2N and the ERT apparatus Skala-48. Measurements by a highfrequency electromagnetic field and measurements by direct current were made in different seasons, in winter and summer, respectively. The survey results are compared with the available observation wells. There is a well similarity of the survey results by two methods, and consistent with a priori information.
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Tectonic Dislocation of Rocks of the Sedimentary Sequence and Its Relationship with Kimberlites According to the Data of High-Resolution Seismic Survey Mov-Ogt (for Example, Kimberlite Fields of the Yakut Diamondiferous Province)
More LessSummaryThe data of high-frequency seismic surveys carried out on two kimberlite fields of the Yakutsk diamondiferous province are presented. Analysis of the results indicates the relationship of increased deployment of rocks of the host strata with kimberlites
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Studying and Diagnosis of Subsidence and Failures of Soil in St. Petersburg with Geophysics
By A.F. VolyninSummaryDue to the large development of subsidence and failures in St. Petersburg, there are problems with determining the causes of their formation and connection with underground utilities. The relevance of the work is caused by the fact that subsidence and failures pose a threat to the safety of traffic, for the technical condition of underground utilities and cause violations in the structures of buildings and structures. To this end, the technical diagnostics Service of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» develops a method of their examination by a set of geophysical methods. In the report the characteristic of subsidence and failures is given, the technique of their geophysical survey and examples of the results of geophysical survey of the most common subsidence and failures are given.
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Experience of Gpr Study of Terraces in the Valleys of the Katun' and Inya Rivers in Gorny Altai
Authors L.B. Volkomirskaya, V.V. Varenkov, O.A. Gulevich, A.V. Panin and A.E. ReznikovSummaryPreliminary results of data interpretation of the method of reflected electromagnetic waves (MREW) show that using MREW it is possible to determine a section of the terraces revealing blocks and large boulders at different levels of the section. In general, a comparison of the geoelectric and geological sections showed the correspondence of the thickness of the terraces determined with MREW and the fixed outcrops. Due to the equipment we used we received deep reflections at 180 meters, which corresponded to the edge of the river. The analysis and interpretation of the MREW field data allow carrying out the separation of the section layers corresponding to the sandstone and pebble formations of the Ininskaya and Bashkauskaya suites, as well as distinguishing areas with different moisture content of the upper layers.
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Study of the Permafrost Boundaries and Determination of the Thickness of the Gas Hydrates Layer on the Yamal Peninsula
Authors L.B. Volkomirskaya, O.A. Gulevich and A.E. ReznikovSummaryWithin the surveyed site with horizontal and depth resolution of 1–2 meters, the lower boundary of permafrost rocks was determined at a depth of over 140 m and a layer of gas hydrate inclusions with a thickness of up to 20 meters was recorded, lying at a depth of 60–80 meters. Today, when creating ground-based infrastructure in the Arctic, the MOEVM technology is quite competitive with areal surveys among any traditional geophysical technologies.
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Physical Principles of Deep Georadiolocation
Authors L.B. Volkomirskaya, O.A. Gulevich and A.E. ReznikovSummaryBased on the theoretical and numerical analysis of the interaction of video pulses containing only one or a few field oscillations with material media of different composition including dielectrics and conductors the main differences in their distribution and reflection are given. It is shown that traditional methods for solving Maxwell equations using the separation of variables and Fourier transforms are convenient for describing quasimonochromatic waves with a slowly varying amplitude and phase, but ineffective for the analysis of nonstationary and non-harmonic fields. It is shown that it is necessary to take into account the features of propagation and reflection of video pulses when designing geo-radars in order to achieve the maximum probing depth altogether with the best resolution in a single product. A comparison was made of theoretical conclusions on the propagation of video pulses in the medium and numerical models with experimental data obtained in field experiments using equipment of the GROT 12 model range, which designed taking into account the interaction of powerful video pulses with various natural media.
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Refraction Seismology - A Tool for Shallow Subvertical Objects Exploration
Authors A.S. Borisov, N.V. Bogov, M.Y. Borovskij, E.M. Nurieva and E.E. AndreevaSummaryApplication of refraction seismology for shallow subvertical objects exploration is considered. Shot profile geometry of a refraction arrival is presented. Values of seismic migration in depending of geological parameters are calculated. Exactitude of the velocity analysis is estimated.
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Substantiation of the Optimal Gis Complex for the Allocation of Water-Containing Reservoirs on the Example of the Analysis of Well Logging Results in the Leningrad Region
Authors A.A. Miller, G.D. Gorelik and L.M. BudanovSummaryThe material of the logging of wells for water production in the Leningrad region discussed the effectiveness of different logging techniques (electric resistivity, self-polarization, caliper logging, acoustic wave, gamma ray) for the selection of reservoirs in various geological conditions. Optimum complexes of methods for wells in granites and in sandy-clay sections are chosen. A new instrument for wells logging to record simultaneously the gradient - and potential-probes electric are tested.
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Using the Method of Geochemical Analysis to Obtain Paleogeographic Information on the Territory of the City of Kislovodsk and the National Park “Kislovodsk”
Authors V.M. Yakushev, M.P. Sherstukov, A.Y. Tatarskiy, V.V. Yufereva and A.G. SaltanovaSummaryThe method of geochemical analysis was used to obtain paleogeographic information on the territory of the city of Kislovodsk and the National Park "Kislovodsk". The following tasks were solved: regularities of distribution of chemical elements in Early Cretaceous sedimentary rocks were determined to clarify their facies nature; possible sources of demolition and evolution of primary material entering the sedimentation basin was identified; interpretation of geochemical data and reconstruction of possible conditions (morphology of paleobasins sedimentation, features of paleoclimate, paleotectonic regime, etc.) was made. The results of the work will be used to create thematic objects of environmental education and educational tourism of paleontological orientation.
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Electrical Prospecting with Tem and Accounting the Influence of Metallic Technogen Objects
Authors M. Abramov, A. Belaya, E. Goncharov and G. TrigubovichSummaryIn practice the interpretation of data is complicated by the influence of the electromagnetic field of technogen objects located near the measurement area. As a special case the paper considers the influence of underground pipeline systems and their electromagnetic fields that make a significant contribution to the total electromagnetic field from the medium. Their influence should be taken into account when interpreting the data.
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Geophysical Research on Water Bodies
By D. KopylovSummaryThe paper is devoted to the actual topic of geophysical research in the water area in the summer. The results of electromagnetic prospecting methods vertical electrical sounding (VES) and ground penetrating radar profiling of the surface of the river. The prospects of application of electric prospecting methods in the study of geological section of the bottom sediments and mapping of the roof of the rock base are shown.
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Gpr Tracing of Engineering Communications
Authors Z.B. Khakiev, V.L. Shapovalov, V.A. Yavna and K.M ErmolovSummaryThe aim of this work is to study the features of the GPR method that need to be considered when developing the methods for detection, identification and positioning of separately placed communications, as well as toselocated in close proximity to each other. The relevance of such research is obvious for work carried out in urban areas within dense building, including in the sites of housing renovation.
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Gpr-Based Moisture Content Determination in the Ground Construction Layers During the Construction of Subgrades
Authors V.L. Shapovalov, M.V. Okost, A.A. Vasilchenko and V.A. YavnaSummaryRoad construction projects for railways and highways establish the required roadbed compaction rates. When carrying out construction work, obtaining the desired indicators depends on the accuracy of measuring the moisture of the soil material, and the technology for bringing the moisture to the optimum level. This study is aimed at the developpment of a GPR technology for determining the moisture content of soil materials of structural layers prepared for compaction work during the construction of roadbeds of railways and highways. Experimental measurements are performed on draining soils represented by fine river sand.
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Ultra-Shallow Seismic Reflection Survey in the Construction and Exploration of Mine Shafts in Salt Deposits
Authors A.G. Yaroslavtsev and T.V. BaybakovaSummaryThis work describes the experience of using engineering high-resolution seismic to identify weakened fractured zones in the salt mines near-shaft space. The results of CDP seismic surveys can be used to make design decisions during waterproof works in mine shafts. The wave fields formation features in the control of ice-wall shaft construction on different stages are presented.
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Application of Electrical Sounding with Capacitive Electrodes for Investigations of St. Petersburg Embankments Soils
More LessSummaryThe article describes the features of the engineering-geological structure of soils at the base of the stone embankments of St. Petersburg and the design of embankments. The description of the main defects arising during the operation of embankments is given. The background of the application and examples of solving specific problems using the electrical sounding with capacitive electrodes are described. The spatial correlation of electrical resistance anomalies with local areas of embankment defects is revealed and possible causes of their occurrence are considered.
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Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Soils on A Landslide Slope According to Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Cone Penetration Test
Authors V.V. Olenchenko, P.S. Osipova, I.S. Sokolov and N.G. VolkovSummaryElectrical resistivity tomography and cone penetration test were carried out on the slope of the M–7 Volga highway. The main goal of the research is to localize areas of increased landslide hazard. Electrical resistivity and the mechanical properties of soils depend on their moisture content, lithological composition and porosity. This made it possible to determine the correlation links between the electrical resistivity and the mechanical parameters of the soil, to predict the deformative and strength characteristics of the soil. Soils with abnormally low resistivity have low values of drag under the cone and friction of the side surface of the probe. They correspond to areas of potential landslide formation.
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The Application of Ground Penetrating Radar (Gpr) at the Interpretation of Engineering Survey Data of the Past Years: Massive Ice Beds or Ice Wedges?
Authors O.D. Tregubov, N.A. Nuteveket and K.K. UyaganskySummaryThe report discusses techniques and methods for assessing the reliability of the results of engineering surveys in the cryolithozone in 1950–1980s. It is noteworthy that for the studies of the past years in Chukotka region, the model of interlaid massive ice beds hosted by marine and glacial-marine sediments was decisive in profiling the upper layers of permafrost. Widespread continental deposits and ice wedges distribution were ignored in the region. The example of the modern facility construction demonstrates the feasibility of paleogeography analysis and GPR methods application in determining the conditions of formation and bedding of ground ice bodies. According to the results of GPR profiling with frequencies of 90 and 400 MHz, geological and geophysical sections and a plan with polygons of buried wedge ice were compiled. The results of the radargram interpretation are confirmed by well drilling.
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Integration of Methods of Electrical Exploration and Geomechanics for the Selection of Places for Laying of Hydrogeological Wells
Authors S.N. Tagiltsev, A.V. Cherednichenko, V.S. Tagiltsev and S.V. SurganovSummaryUnder the conditions of the mountain-folded regions, the water-bearing zones in the rock massifs are associated with tectonic disturbances. To identify promising faults and their detailing for the purposes of water supply, electrical survey methods are used quite effectively. When selecting promising sites for water supply wells in rocky arrays, application of search techniques of hydrogeomechanics gives good results. The use of geomechanics greatly simplifies, speeds up and cheapens the selection of promising areas for the targeted implementation of geophysical work and the drilling of hydrogeological wells. Using the example of a search for groundwater located in the Southern Urals, it is shown that the method of hydro-mechanical interpretation of cartographic materials allows us to formulate the content of the questions that geophysical studies should solve. The complex application of hydrogeomechanics and electrical exploration allows to significantly increase the efficiency of hydrogeological works and reduce economic costs at all stages of geological exploration.
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About the Possibilities of Using Layer-By-Section Cuts During Areal Sounding to Achieve Geological Results
Authors V.L. Lukhmanov and A.V. MuslimovSummaryThe standard processing of electrical survey data includes the construction of graphs and geoelectric sections, maps, graphs and plans of isolines. Often, when arealized using electrical sounding methods using a regular or relatively regular network of profiles, the visualization of the data obtained is limited to building geoelectric sections along profile lines and such processing is usually sufficient for geological and geophysical interpretation of data However, when using another visualization method - building layer-by-section sections (horizontal plans of specific electrical resistances), additional possibilities are revealed for the geological interpretation of materials, and in some cases, the only option for obtaining a visual result. Our experience shows that these processing methods have proven themselves in solving engineering and geological problems and, in particular, to isolate filtration flows in difficult geoelectric conditions.
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Parametric Decoding and Approximated Estimations in Engineering Geophysics with the Localization of Seismic Risk Zones on the Example of Northern Part of Kola Peninsula
Authors I.B. Movchan, A.A. Yakovleva and S.M. DanilievSummarySeismic risk zones mapping is one of problem of seismic microzoning, which is used in primary estimation of stability of mountain range under planning of development. This procedure is regulated by normative documents, according to which the maps of general seismic zoning, elastic impedance method and evaluation of resonance responses are applied. At the same time, the normative approach gives generalized results and does not solve the problem of choosing particular areas that provide the most stability of engineering structures. This article reflects the variants of solution of mentioned problem based on parametric location of geodynamic zones, association of their discordant intersections with the areas of seismic risk and improving the accuracy of seismic microzoning using approximated estimations. Under conditions of limited ground-based measurements using shallow seismic survey and electro-tomography, additional data are represented by remote sensing materials, digital model of Earth relief, and core sampling results.
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About Connection of Elastic and Electrical Characteristics of Near-Surface for Seismic Prospecting Cdp
Authors Y.Y. Dmitriev, I.A. Gots, G.M. Trigubovich, I.A. Batmanov and S.M. RyaboshapkoSummaryThe traditional method for studying high-speed characteristics of near-surface and determining the optimal excitation conditions (charge depth and weight of the charge) is up-hole velocity survey method, performed on a very rare network (one well per 1–4 sq.km). Attempts of a more detailed near-surface investigation using the methods of seismic exploration — seismic refraction and micro-reflection methods— were not widely developed due to low productivity and high cost.
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Landslides Within River Valleys in the Southern Part Predportoviy Lowlands in Conditions of Intensive Development
Authors G.B. Pospehov and A.A. GoloborodkoSummaryIn Saint-Petersburg and its suburbs the construction of buildings and structures for various purposes are actively developing. Therefore in the southern suburbs of St. Petersburg near-slope sections of river valleys, which geologically relate to the southern part of the Pre-glint lowland, are being actively exposed. Often at the time of engineering surveys on the proposed construction sites there are no landslide processes, however, the start of work leads to a change in the stress state of the rock mass and the formation of landslide deformations. The development of landslide processes in these areas is determined by such factors as climate (seasonal wetting of soils), relief (presence of pronounced river valleys), soils (shallow occurrence of the Lower Cambrian blue clay of the decompression zone), groundwater (alternation of affluent and free state of soils) and technological impact (road, civil and industrial buildings). According to the analysis of the geotechnical conditions of the territory and the data obtained from field and laboratory research, the activity of the landslide processes on the river valleys of the southern part of the Pre-Glint lowland is directly determined primarily by the nature and amplitude of seasonal and long-term fluctuations in the wetting of the Lower Cambrian clays.
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Complex Electrical Conductivity of Kimberlites: First Results of Lab Investigations
Authors K.V. Titov, V.I. Emelyanov and A. RevilSummaryKimberlites are of interest for geologists because they present important sources of diamonds. Electrical methods usually provide useful information to delineate kimberlite pipes, which typically show small apparent resistivity values. However, to the best of our knowledge, nobody studied, why intrusive rock like kimberlite is a good electrical conductor. We carried out multi-salinity experiments with kimberlite sample (autholitic breccia) taken in Arkhangelsk region (Deposit Lomonosova). We saturated sample with 9 brines of different electrical conductivity values (from 0.01 to 2.68 Sm-1), and we measured its complex electrical conductivity with SIP FUSCH III instrument in the frequency range from 1.4 mHz to 20 kHz. At the brine electrical conductivity range below 0.16 Sm-1 , we found the real part of the bulk electrical conductivity to be larger than that of the brine. Within the studied brine electrical conductivity range, the quadrature conductivity at 1.46 Hz varies in the range from 3 to 5 mSm-1, which values are larger than that typically obtained for e.g., volcanic rocks and sandstones. We attribute this behavior of the complex conductivity to the surface conductivity occurring within the electrical double layer coating the interface between the solid and liquid phases.
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Integrated Geophysical Studies for the Establishment of the 3D Model of the Chersonesus Necropolis
SummaryThe work is devoted to geophysical research of archaeological sites in order to optimize time-consuming and costly archaeological excavations. The main purpose of geophysical work is to identify the layout and degree of preservation of the remnants of buildings and craft workshops, as well as defining the boundaries of the cultural layer. The implementation of this complex methodology of archaeological work is planned at the Chersonesus Necropolis, located near Quarantine Bay. An optimal methodology for the integration of shallow electrical prospecting methods for the localization of burial structures, taking into account the peculiarities of the geological structure of the rocky necropolis massif, has been developed. The implementation of the experimental methodological stage of work allowed to justify the feasibility of further geophysical studies to determine the boundaries of the monument of the archaeological heritage "Necropolis at Quarantine Bay".
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Calculation and Evaluation of the Dynamic Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Section According to Seismic Cdp and Vsp for Design and Construction Tasks
Authors K.S. Sergeev, B.B. Romanov, V.I. Ryzhkov and A.D. GorinSummaryThe report describes the characteristic features of engineering seismic exploration from the surface and in wells. Examples of data processing are given, and also examples of calculations of physicomechanical rocks are given.
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The Deformation Characteristics Prediction of Clay Soils by Seismic Acoustic Methods
Authors V.A. Bereznev and V.V. NikiforovSummaryThe article is devoted to the possibilities of predicting the deformation characteristics of the soil by indirect methods, namely, based on the analysis of changes in the velocities of elastic waves in the upper part of the section. This article discusses the possibility of determining the modulus of deformation by seismoacoustic methods and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of this practice.
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Induced Polarization of Anisotropic Models with Metallic Particles
Authors G.V. Gurin, Y.T. Ilyin and K.V. TitovSummaryInduced polarization of anisotropic models with metallic particles G. Gurin*(SPbSU, “NPP VIRG-Rudgeofizik” Ltd.), Yu. Ilyin (SPbSU), and K. Titov (SPbSU) Summary We studied an effect of anisotropy of induced polarization parameters (the total chargeability and the relaxation time) with 22 synthetic models containing rounded, rod-like, and plate-like electronically conducting and semiconducting particles. We carried out the measurements in time domain with a commercial AIE-2 instrument and a low-current laboratory transmitter with various direction of the polarizing field relative to the model anisotropy axis. We found the total chargeability of the models contained rod-like particles strongly depended on their size and direction of the polarizing field. In contrast, for the models contained plate-like particles these dependences are week. These relationships can be described with a modified Maxwell-Garnett equation. We found the relaxation time of the anisotropic models depended on the model composition, the pore water electrical conductivity and the half of the particle great axis. In addition, the relaxation time weakly depended on the direction of polarizing field relative to the direction of anisotropy of the models.
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Experience of Application the Frequency Electromagnetic Soundings for Exploration of Salt Deposit in Perm Region
Authors A. Shlykov, A. Simakov and V. IgnatevSummaryIn the abstracts we described the approach to fulfil CSAMT soundings and data processing in frequency range 16- 45000 Hz using newly developed broad band electromagnetic receiver ARMT-5 for study the geological structure of salt deposit in Perm region, Russia. We discussed main features of new equipment including portable inductive magnetic sensors, general CSAMT processing framework, static shift problem and inversion results. Analysis of equivalency of obtained models and comparison inversion results with borehole data allows to conclude that applied methodology allows to map the resistive salt layer and conductive thin layer of ground water with high mineralization above the salt layer and conductive zone below the salt layer. Applied frequency range of CSAMT data in this case had the depth of investigation up to 250–400 m.
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Complex Geophysical Survey of the Quaternary Loams in the North-West Part of the Moscow Region
Authors M. Kalinina, V. Romanov, A. Shmatkova and A. PosereninSummaryThe north-western area of the Moscow region is located in the central part of the Moscow syneclise, on the southern slope of the Klin-Dmitrov ridge. Quaternary glacial loams dominates in the upper part of the geological section. Hydrogeologically, the Moscow region belongs to the Moscow artesian basin. Upper water supply, groundwater and aquifers are widely developed at the depths of 5–15 m. The authors set the following geological and hydrological objectives: clarifying the geological structure of the upper part of geological section, groundwater level mapping, evaluation of geophysical and soil properties. Glacial deposits are significantly different from host rocks in terms of density, electrical resistivity and elastic waves velocity, so the following geophysical methods were selected for their study: seismic prospecting, electrical exploration and radiometry. As a result of the study, a physical-geological model was constructed with refractive and geoelectric boundaries, which are compared with the roofs of uneven-aged moraine loams.
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Perspective Electrical Exploration the Dams of Gypsum Accumulator in the Framework for Geotechnical Monitoring
Authors S.M. Daniliev and N.A. DanilievaSummaryThe dams of the gypsum accumulator are complex technogenic objects that require regular geotechnical monitoring to determine the zones of development potential landslide processes, physical and mechanical properties, levels of technogenic aquifers, groundwater dynamics, etc. Along with the classical methods of geotechnical control, it is advisable to introduce into the complex of monitoring studies to the dams of the gypsum accumulator and electrical exploration. Electrophysical properties directly depend on the moisture content of phosphogypsum and mineralization, which allows to identify dry and water-saturated zones in the body of dams, as well as to identify the intervals of increased mineralization. Geophysical monitoring can predict areas of potential landslide development and take timely measures to prevent accidents.
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Formalized Inversion of Geophysical Data Using Neural Network Technologies with Application to the Tasks of Geoelectrics and Gravimetry
Authors M.I. Shimelevich, E.A. Obornev, I.E. Obornev, E.A. Rodionov and D.A. LyakhovetsSummaryThe approximation neural network (ANN) method for solving conditionally well-posed nonlinear inverse problems of geophysics is presented. The method is based on the neural network approximation of the inverse operator. The ANN method and its modifications make it possible to find stable approximate solutions of 2D and 3D inverse coefficient problems of geoelectrics in the class of grid models of media on a regularized parameterization grid with a practically acceptable accuracy without setting the first approximation. Estimates of the ambiguity degree (error), which do not depend on the inversion method applied, can be calculated for resulting approximate solutions of the inverse problem. The a posteriori estimates of the degree of ambiguity of the approximated solutions are calculated. The work of the method is illustrated by the example of the 3D inversion of synthesized area data and 2D real geoelectric data by the method MTS. It is shown that it is possible in principle to use the ANN method for solving solving conditionally well-posed nonlinear 3D gravity inverse problems (determining the geometry of the lower boundary).
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Engineering Magnetic Survey for the Study of Underground Infrastructure of Urbanized Areas
Authors P.N. Novikova and A.S. DolgalSummaryThe application of the engineering magnetic survey for the underground technical objects detection is considered. The advantages of the presented method over the GPR and route finder technologies are discussed. Practical examples of the use of engineering magnetic surveys to public sewer localization and search for visually undetected abandoned wells under conditions of industrial noise are given.
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Integration of Seismic Data and Ert
Authors K.S. Sergeev, А.А. Bobachev, A.V. Belousov and A.D. GorinSummaryThe report provides examples of effective integration of seismic data and electrical tomography in order to increase the reliability of the geophysical forecast and build the correct model of the environment.
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Application of Shallow-Depth Geophysics Methods in Studies of the Gnezdovo Archaeological Complex on the Example of Excavations of the Central Settlement
Authors V.V. Novikov, S.U. Kainov, K.S. Sergeev and A.V. TureninaSummaryThe report presents the results of the application of shallow geophysics methods in archeology. Examples are given of successful application of a complex of methods in the study of a settlement and burial mounds.
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Particular Features of Wave-Field Forming in the Process of Ice Wall Fencing Study at the Mine Shaft by the Borehole Seismic Methods
Authors A.V. Chugaev, A.V. Pugin, V.P. Lisin and S.A. TarakanovSummaryThe ice wall fencing method is applied during construction of shafts and tunnels in water-encroached sediments. The process of this formation is controlled by the number of physical methods, including those of seismoacoustics. The particular features of crosshole wave-field in the process of ice wall forming has been considered. The borehole sparker is used as a source. The quantitative estimation method of the ice wall thickness, as well as shaft full freeze control, have been proposed.
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Creating Samples of Porous Media of Glass Beads for Geophysical Modeling of Filtration Processes
Authors E. Marfin, A. Abdrashitov and A. GalimzyanovaSummaryThe paper presents the results of physical modeling of rocks in the form of synthetic porous media. The created samples were obtained by sintering microscopic glass beads in a muffle furnace. The effect of temperature on the sintering of glass beads of different sizes was studied. It was established experimentally that in the temperature range from 700 to 750 ° C, samples of porous media with a porosity of from 3 to 40% can be obtained.
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Analysis of Natural and Techno-Natural Processes at the Facilities of the Transport Infrastructure of the Taryn Hub
Authors E. Nugmanova, I. Savintsev, I. Koroleva and I. PetrovaSummaryDue to the high level of economic development of the Far East (Yakutia) regions with complex engineering and geological conditions - the construction of linear structures and infrastructure was intensified within various permafrost development areas. The geological environment in such territories is extremely vulnerable and unstable to anthropogenic influences and in the entire history of development undergoes serious changes. What requires preliminary studies - forecasts, on the basis of which measures will be developed to prevent their active development. As part of the engineering and geological surveys, for the conditions considered, a forecast was made for the activation of natural-technical processes within the projected road route – a well-proven mapping method. The spatial part of the forecast was to assess the likelihood of natural-technical processes at extended linear objects crossing different landscape levels with complex engineering and geological conditions, and was presented on the map as zoning of the territory according to the degree of infestation by the predicted process in selected gradations of the infestation coefficient. Methodically, the construction of a forecast map of engineeringgeological zoning according to the incidence rate began with the decoding of aerial and space images, on the basis of which the types and types of natural processes developed at the site of design were distinguished. Next, the visual binding of the processes and their study were performed. Due to the fact that a significant amount of underground ice was developed at the site, the method of vertical electrical sounding (VES) was used for their contouring. As a result of integrating the methods, the geotechnical conditions of the highway were studied, the development spectrum of the geotechnical and geocryological processes was determined, the scale of their development was established, and the effect on the operating conditions of the highway was predicted.
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Comprehensive Geophysical Surveys of Gas Sand Deposits in the Leningrad Region
Authors V.V. Glazunov, N.N. Efimova, A.I. Kulikov, N.V. Kulikova and A.Y. TatarskijSummaryOne of the problems in the construction of buildings and structures on the territory of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region is the presence in the upper part of the section of accumulations of biogenic gas in the thickness of the Quaternary sediments. A prerequisite for identifying areas that may be associated with local gas accumulations is the assumption that there are sand lenses in the section that can accumulate gas coming from the underlying gas-generating Mikulinsky marine sediments and covered with plastic loams that prevent gas from migrating to the surface. The results of complex geophysical studies allow us to identify areas associated with possible accumulations of gas. Analysis of the obtained geoelectric and seismic tomographic sections shows that the identified gas shows are located in areas of increased electrical resistivity, which coincide with anomalies of lower values of shear wave velocities that can be associated with lenses of gas-saturated sands.
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Structural Features of Ore Deposits Weathering
Authors T.S. Bobina and I.V. AbaturovaSummaryThe determining factors for the safe mining of the quarry are engineering-geological. From these factors depends on the choice of the optimal angles of laying the sides of the quarry, folded weathering crust. These include: zoning of weathering crust, type of weathering crust, mineral composition of parent rocks, climatic conditions, physical and mechanical properties of different engineering-geological zones of weathering crust. The formation of different geochemical and engineering-geological profiles of weathering crusts in the field under consideration has led to a change in physical and mechanical properties-they affect the choice of inclination of the quarry sides. In the weathering crust incorrectly selected corners of the sides of the quarry, contribute to the development of landslide formation. In assessing the development of landslide processes in dispersed rocks were considered 2 models of events. In the first model were taken the factor of resistance 1,2 in II – 1. The result of the analysis of models is to identify the safe angle of the side of the quarry, in which the risk of landslide processes will be minimal – the angle is 32°. A section of the field was built taking into account the angles of inclination in different zones of the weathering crust.
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Spectral Characteristics of Time-Domain Induced Polarization in Mineral Prospecting
Authors G. Gurin, A. Tarasov and K. TitovSummaryWe present a state-of-the-art of spectral interpretation of induced polarization (IP) data; we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of this approach, as well as perspectives of its further development. We briefly show how spectral parameters can be obtained from time domain IP data and how they can be applied in ore prospecting. Based on experience obtained in VIRG-Rudgeofizika Ltd., we show that the standard chargeability-based approach alone can lead to missing of perspective ore bodies or to overestimation of bodies without economic interest. In contrast, consideration of spectral data allows discriminate between these classes of potential drilling targets. We present two case studies of combined application of the chargeability-based approach and of spectral approach (two gold deposits: Maletovaiam, Kamchatka, and Yasnoe, Taimyr), which allows in combination to discover areas of prospecting interest (e.g., hydrothermally altered volcano-sedimentary rocks and berezitized rocks containing pyrite). We also highlight that a main complication in use of the spectral approach is not a time-consuming field measurements, but rather the time-consuming visual data analysis. We propose, therefore, a new algorithm based on the pattern recognition principle, and we applied it to the field data.
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The Relationship of the Strength Characteristics and Static Modules of Soils with the Speeds of Elastic Waves in Them
By O. BoykoSummaryThe paper proposes a method for estimating the deformation-strength characteristics of soils based on seismic studies only. The analysis of seismic materials at various sites with very different geological structures made it possible to use, jointly, the speed of longitudinal and transverse waves, to estimate the coefficient of rock strength according to Protodyakonov, static deformation and elastic moduli. Thus, using only the results of seismic studies, we are able to determine the strength and static deformation characteristics of soils in natural conditions. In this case, the correlation coefficient belongs to the group of “very close.”
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Experience of Information Modeling of Gpr Survey Results
Authors R.A. Eremin, A.M. Kulizhnikov, A.O. Kuznetsov and Y.A. SukhobokSummaryIn accordance with modern trends in the development of the architectural and construction industry worldwide, a transition is being made to the management of building assets using BIM technologies. The principal difference between the information model and the digital one is another approach used in its creation, as well as the attribute content of the model itself. The presented materials contain the experience of creating digital models of the geological structure of roads on the results of GPR surveys and supplementing them with attributive information.
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Study of Magmatic Formation Structure Using High-Precision Magnetic Survey
Authors L.A. Zolotaya, M.V. Kosnyreva, A.Y. Palenov and A.V. PhilipovichSummaryThis paper is dedicated to research on structural position of magmatic formations in the area of educational and research site of Geological Faculty, LomonosovMoscow State University, located in the Bakhchisaraidistrict in Crimea.In this area, magmatic formations are represented in all their diversity. There is no consensus about the form of intrusions occurrences.In different years, the same arrays of igneous rocks were considered as diapirs, stocks, laccoliths, and plate bodies.Petrophysical measurements on“Bodrak formation”outcrops near theTrudolubovka village, showed that intrusive bodies have a high contrast in magnetic susceptibility.It creates prerequisites for mapping dikes and intrusions hidden under a thin layer ofsame age volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks. To understand the depths and geometry of intrusive bodies near mount Kremennaya, the authors performed a two-dimensional magnetic modeling of magmatic bodiesstructural positions. It showed high variability of models using only induced magnetization. The authors demonstrated that using of paleomagnetic data and determination of thermo-residual magnetization vectordirection will make it possible to determinemore reliably the structural position of magmatic bodies, which is important for explanation of magmatismin the region.
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Аssessment of the Hazards of Faults in the Offshore During Engineering-Geological Surveys
Authors A.A. Ivanova, S.G. Mironyuk, A.G. Roslyakov, Y.E. Terekhina and M.Y. TokarevSummaryMapping and evaluation of potential geological hazards in the near-surface for faults dislocations is an important task prior to the offshore construction, drilling and exploitation. The presented technology for ranking deformation is based on the formation of a conditional quantitative assessment of the degree of danger according to the results of the analysis and systematization of the structural, geological, geomorphological, and geophysical features obtained (HR, UHR, SSS, MBE). The calculation of the integral risk parameter allows you to obtain the necessary information to identify the most near-surface faults by quantifying the signs characterizing the fault, and has a flexible expert point scale.
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Integrated Geophysical Research on Archeological Sites Without Relief Features (Ust-Tartas Mounds and Tartas-1)
SummaryComprehensive geophysical studies were conducted on two archaeological sites - Ust-Tartas barrows and Tartas-1. Magnetic gradient survey has been done here before, but its effectiveness has been reduced due to littering of the area and low contrast of magnetic properties. The paper shows that electrical and electromagnetic methods significantly complement the results of magnetic surveys. Electromagnetic profiling was used to solve search problems. A detailed study of the structure of the objects found was carried out by additional methods: electrotomography and multiple-height magnetic survey.
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the Use of High-Precision Positioning Equipment Rtk Gnss in the Study of Archaeological Sites by Electromagnetic Profiling
Authors A.O. Alymov, E.V. Balkov, Y.G. Karin and D. B. RomanovSummaryThe use of high-precision systems RTK GNSS is an alternative to standard methods of positioning on the ground geophysical data. This approach allows to increase a several times the performance of electromagnetic profiling for archaeological work. A series of experiments showed high precision of GNSS positioning receivers (about 10 sm). The technique of field work using the RTK GNSS is described. Considered limitations of the use of this technology.
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Ensuring Stable Functioning of the Geotechnical System of Mineral Deposits in Difficult Engineering-Geological Conditions
Authors I. Abaturova, I. Savintsev, L. Storozhenko and O. BorisikhinaSummaryThe efficiency and safety of development of mineral deposits in many respects depends on that how correct data we possess about features of the geological environment of an object within which it is localized. In article you can find methods and methodology of studying of engineering-geological conditions of mineral deposits which are defined by complexity of an environment, the stage of studying and the planned way of development of minerals are considered. Basic methodical receptions and ways which set will allow us to design and conduct a rational complex of field, laboratory and cameral researches of engineering-geological conditions of the specific field are given.
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Monitoring of Hazardous Geological Processes in the Urals
Authors V. Boltyirov, S. Panyak, L. Storojenko and S. DegtyarevSummaryObtaining baseline information to substantiate effective measures to prevent the negative effects of hazardous geological processes is carried out by monitoring them in specific territories. As a result of specialized remote sensing, sets of conjugate thematic maps of different scales are developed, the joint processing of which allows us to identify patterns of the space-time distribution of emergencies and outline the zones (areas) most prone to emergencies. Geotechnical maps of the activation of the hazardous geological processes are the final stage of forecasting. They are compiled for each type of hazardous geological processes. To solve the problems of the stability of engineering structures, a set of methods for studying rock massifs is used, identifying potentially dangerous tectonic disturbances, the geodynamic activity of which can cause disasters.
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Estimation of P- and S- Waves Attenuation Parameter in Water-Saturated Sand Sample Using Ultrasonic Measurements at A Temperature −20°С +20°С
Authors M.S. Sudakova and M.L. VladovSummaryWater phase transition divides the areas of soil approximation from the point of view of its elastic properties. It is interesting to study changing of acoustic characteristics, both kinematic and dynamic, in the process of freezing and thawing, since they can be indicators of various inelastic characteristics of the transition from one state to another. In the report we present results of attenuation parameter (a.p. ) estimation in ultrasonic p- and s- waves measurements on water-saturated sand sample. We used two methods to calculate a.p.: spectral ratio method and reference method. We used spectral ratio method in cases when spectra of signals measured at two bases overlapped. Otherwise we used sample with known a.p. as the reference sample.
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Analysis of the Vibrational Field on Vasilievsky Island of St. Petersburg
Authors V. Izotova, K. Pankratova and G. PospehovSummaryVasilievsky is the largest island in the delta of the Neva River. Every year the territory of the island increases, the infrastructure develops. All this leads to an increase in the dynamic load on the environment. According to the resolution of the Government of St. Petersburg dated June 30, 2014 No. 552 on the state program of St. Petersburg “Development of the transport system of St. Petersburg”, the current situation causes not only difficulties associated with the passage of traffic flows, but also leads to the deterioration of bridges, roads because of the impact of intense dynamic loads, significantly exceeding the normative. Currently, about 36% of all roads and 49% of artificial road structures and shore protection structures are in non-normative condition. There is a rapid deterioration of the top layer of asphalt pavements on highways, caused by high traffic loads and the use of studded rubber. In order to analyze the vibration field, qualitative and quantitative analyzes of the vibration load level on the island territory were carried out. Considered a variety of sources of vibration. In order to analyze the vibrational field, we conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the vibration load level in the island. We considered various sources of vibration. To clarify the characteristics of the behavior of soils under the influence of vibrations, we conducted measurements of the level of vibration impact on the streets of Vasilyevsky Island, as well as a series of tests of soils to determine their physical and mechanical parameters. We have compiled a schematic map of the vibrational field on the territory of Vasilyevsky Island.
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Discreteness of the Geological Environment As An Indicator of the Development of Engineering-Geological Processes
Authors E.A. Zvonarev, I.V. Abaturova, V.S. Kozlov and I.G. PetrovaSummaryIndustrial deposits of chromium are confined to magmatic complexes of ultramafic and mafic rocks. The rocks of this complex and the associated metamorphic rocks in the undisturbed state have high strength characteristics and are able to withstand considerable loads. Therefore, when developing chromium deposits, the main indicator of the development of geotechnical processes will be the discreteness of the geological environment, which is formed due to a change in lithological differences, the presence of discontinuous structures and aquifers in the massif. Also are caused by discreteness processes in underground excavations, associated with the manifestation of lithostatic pressure on the deep horizons. A complex of geophysical methods is used to assess the discreteness of the geological environment and determine the spatial parameters. At the same time, the methods of engineering geology and hydrogeology, based on the qualitative and quantitative assessment of mining conditions, are used to determine the degree of discreteness influence on the development of geotechnical processes and forecasting the stability of mine workings. The generalization of the results of geophysical, engineering geological and hydrogeological studies allows us to give a complex assessment of the stability of rocks in the outcrops and make a forecast of the development of geotechnical processes in the construction and operation of underground mine workings in the massif. In this research work you can find the types of deformations due to the discreteness of the «Main Saranovskoye» chromium deposit, and presents the results of a complex geophysical and engineering geological assessment of the stability of mine workings.
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Passive Seismic Techniques in Near Surface Studies
By S. ShakuroSummaryTechnologies based on multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and calculation of microtremor H/V spectrum ratio (HVSR) are mainly used in seismic hazard assessment, though they are able to deal with various engineering geology objectives. These techniques may be most fruitful where noise is most severe, leading to low efficiency of conventional seismics. Number of successful implementations are presented, such as karst and environmental investigations, structural mapping. Special attention is paid to the repeatability of measurements, which in some cases may be lower than expected.
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The Results of A Complex Analysis Based on Core Data, Well Logging, Geomechanics and Seismic Researches for the Localization of Potential Pay Zones in the Bazhenov Formation Using the Example of Severo-Demyanskoye Field
Authors A. Bozhenok, A. Sorokina and V. BumaginaSummaryPotential reservoir intervals of the Bazhenov formation have been predicted based on integrated geological, field, core analysis, well logging, geomechanics and seismic data. Diagnostic criteria for identification of lithotypes encountered within Bazhenov formation have been developed. The Bazhenov formation has been cut down into strata based on detailed core description. An algorithm for identification of pay zones for Bazhenov formation sediments of Severo-Demyanskoye field has been worked out.
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The Study of Tectonic Faults on Objects of Engineering Surveys by Electroprospecting Method of Spatial Filtering and Electropotential Tomographic Sensing
Authors N.E. Fomenko and A.K. UdovikovSummaryThe article presents the results of electroprospecting method by electrical spatial filtering technologiesand electropotential tomographic sensing for engineering-geological objects of project and subsequent construction, namely a) systems of wind power stations on the area of the mining branch of the closed mine in the Eastern Donbass. b) in the mountainous zone of the Black sea shore, on the Markkhotsky Pass. A brief description of the applied technologies and methodology of the works and graphical representation and interpretation of field observations are given for the purposes of identification of tectonic faults in the studied massives with determination of watering places.
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Numerical Estimates of Magnetic Anomalies Caused by Changes in the Temperature Field in the Magmatic Focus of Klyuchevskaya Sopka Volcano
Authors A.A. Zaplavnova, L.V. Tsibizov and M.P. KozlovaSummaryNumerical estimates of magnetic anomalies caused by changes in the temperature field in the magmatic focus of Klyuchevskaya Sopka volcano.
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Influence of Paraffin Content on Temperature Dependences of Viscosity of Synthetic Oil
Authors A. Abdrashitov and E. MarfinSummaryIn this work, the rheological properties of artificially created synthetic oil consisting of motor oil and dissolved paraffin are investigated. It was found that adding paraffin to oil up to 4% has practically no effect on the temperature dependence of oil viscosity. With an increase in the paraffin content, the viscosity of the oil increases significantly at low temperatures. The values of the activation energy of a viscous flow are calculated. The dependence of the activation energy on the percentage of paraffin in the oil has been established.
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Local Inhomogeneities of the Waterproof Layer Mapping by A Multi-Level Different Dimensions Seismic Surveys Complex
Authors I. Sanfirov, A. Babkin, A. Yaroslavtsev, I. Gerasimova, K. Fatkin and S. GlebovSummaryComplex shallow seismic researches for safety salt mine ensuring was presented. Complex includes investigations of the different size. They are 2D – 3D surface and 2D mine seismic. Complex main target is detail space localization of the dangerous heterogeneities and areas with intensive massive properties changing of technic origin with necessary resolution. It was tested for stability checking of the edge part one of the of the Upper Kama potash deposit mines.
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Methods of Evaluation of Geometrical and Stress-Strain Properties of A Geocomposite
Authors A.A. Kruglikov, A.A. Vasilchenko, Y.M. Ermolov, M.V. Okost and V.A. YavnaSummaryThe results of determination research of thickness of the ballast fixed by binding material depending on its consumption are delivered in the article. Construction modulus of elasticity measurement is done after the forming geocomposite has reached full endurance. The measurement shows that the construction Young's modulus increases approximately 4 times in case the ballast is enforced by binding material. Consumption control of binding material and thickness of forming geocomposite are considered in the article. It's especially topical when applying the technology of fixing the ballast on railway sections of long mileage.
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Stock Assessment of the Surface Waters of Lakes by the Method of Hydrographic Surveying
Authors S. Korchak, I. Savintsev, L. Storozhenko and A. VlasovSummaryThis article deals with the problem of the influence of surface waters of lakes on the formation of the total water flow into the quarry, designed for the extraction of solid minerals. Considerable attention is paid to the method of studying lakes by means of hydrographic survey of topography and bottom structure by mobile multibeam echo sounder in order to obtain initial data for calculations of morphometric parameters of the reservoir. The features of data processing and construction of three-dimensional models of the lake and maps of bottom sediments with the use of various software systems are described. According to the results of the analysis of the data obtained, the dependence of the value of water filtration into the quarry through rocks composing the bottom of the lake on the morphometric parameters of the lake basin, the type and power of bottom sediments.
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Geophysical Research in the Exploration for Water in the Regions of Permafrost
By S. KozakSummaryThe features of geophysical methods application in the identifying of the taliks in rock and unconsolidated permafrost are analyzed. At the initial stage of field research, it is advisable to allocate underflow talik using aquatic geophysics аnd then trace it to the work site. The main complex includes VES and TEM methods. Verification of perspective zones is carried out by NMR-sounding.
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New Method of Data Processing at Borehole Measurements by A Gamma Logging Method
Authors S. Kataev, S. Kataeva and A. MillerSummaryFor detection of layers at borehole measurements the method of gamma logging offers to use the data processing method which is adaptation of the method of detection of structures (MRS) which was applied earlier by authors to identify of structure of the random flow of events. The examples confirming efficiency of a method are given.
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The Analysis of Results of Action of A Vibrosignal on An Example of Rocky Breeds of Kma for An Assessment of Their Tendency to Mountain Blows
Authors J. Pogorelov, B. Adigamov, J. Taletsky and S. SergeyvSummaryFor improvement of a technique of the forecast of danger of mountain blow the analysis of results of laboratory researches of a vibration signal and acoustic issue at axial compression of samples of the KMA ferruterous quartzites is made. Noted local decrease of intensity of a vibration signal at monotonous increase in tension in rock is explained by manifestation of residual deformation of rocks, and the subsequent its increase - manifestation of elastic stratification of rocks before their destruction. The schedules of intensity of a vibration signal calculated according to laboratory data significantly differ from accepted standard, but correspond received at underground researches of a massif, are well differentiated in a form - therefore can be used for a quantitative assessment of danger of mountain blow, as a percentage of strength of the massif.
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Investigation of Oil-Contaminated Areas Features Near the Bolshaya Izhorka River for Oil-Spill Mapping Using Electrical Survey
Authors T. Mingaleva, N. Senchina and A. MillerSummaryThe presented material is the result of studies on the oil spillage area that was formed in 2016 in the city of Kolpino near the river Bolshaya Izhorka. The obtained data are provided by the methods of electrical prospecting: the method of the self-potentials (SP), the method of the measuring of rock electrical conductivity (MREC) and apparent resistivity measurement. A map of the conductivity distribution of the selected territory was constructed based on the MREC method results. Hydrocarbon contamination shows a high value of conductivity compared to conventional ground according to the map of the area. These data are confirmed by measuring the apparent resistivity. Oil and oil products are marked by an increase in the SP measurements in the section and on the map. Infringements at recultivation and possible consequences are revealed.
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Problems of Determination the Levels of Interfluid Contacts of Gas Condensate Deposits with Oil Rim on the Example of Formation Bu 161-4 Vostochno-Urengosky + Severo-Esetinsky Field
Authors K. Belova, Y. Baranova, S. Pakhomov and N. NatchukSummaryThe object of the study is the formation BU 161-4-which is heterogeneous on the petrophysical properties of shelf deposits. Problems of determining the character of reservoir saturation by GIS and fluid contact levels are deals with: Lithological variability of rocks is associated with the special reservoir structure; fossil water mineralization uncertainty is associated with the available deep water samples quality; and it is associated with Influence of secondary rock changes on GIS data. Lithological variability of rocks is the peculiarity of the formation structure. Lithotypes, which compose the formation, are characterized by different reservoir properties, which are depended on the size and configuration of pores, sizes and packing of grains. There is the developed methodology for lithotypes classification by core and GIS data. The problem of uncertainty of the parameter of mineralization of the fossil water is considered. The authors checked all samples of the fossil water in order to exclude intervals with drill fluid. The complicating factor in the reservoir saturation model was the influence of secondary changes, including zeolite, the intensity of which is about 7%. This paper presents the attempt to determine zeolite by GIS data. This paper reveals the problems with fluid contact levels determination for gas-condensate deposit with oil rim. In this work. We suggest the complex solution of this problem. The results allowed us to adjust the water-oil and gas-oil levels and we developed the program for further research.
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Solving of Hydrogeological Problems in Permafrost Zone Conditions of the Polar Part of Western Siberia by the Tem Method
More LessSummaryThe possibilities and limitations of the induction sounding (TEM method) in the permafrost zone for solving hydrogeological problems are described. On the one hand the fresh water promising layer must have increased electrical resistivity (sand layer in the clay section). On the other hand, it should be a talik zone and should have a lower electrical resistivity in comparison with the surrounding frozen rocks. In the context of such ambiguity, it is important to use additional independent information to take informed decisions in the data interpretation. Such information capabilities are provided by fast-decaying induced polarization associated only with the frozen state of rocks. A number of examples show the effectiveness of the TEM method taking into account fast-decaying induced polarization for complex geocryological conditions of the polar part of Western Siberia.
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Experience of Application of Non-Standard Approaches of Seismoacoustic Studies for Solving Geotechnical Problems in the Case of Low Efficiency and Non-Informative Application of Standard Techniques
Authors K. Dorokhin and A. SukharevSummaryQuite often, when solving various engineering-geological or geotechnical problems, researchers are faced with conditions that do not allow the use of standard approaches and techniques. In such situations, it is necessary to select individual and sometimes very non-standard approaches.
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Search for Predictive Criteria for Seismic Events According to the Automatic System Complex Geotechnical Monitoring in Sochi Transport Tunnels
Authors S.G. Kataev, M.O. Lebedev, K.V. Romanevich, M.Y. Dolgij, V.K. Kuleshov and S.А. ShlyaevSummaryIn the paper, the group of authors shares its own experience (methodology) in the field of processing and interpreting the signal of electromagnetic radiation based on geotechnical monitoring data with a further identification of the information sign used for probabilistic earthquake prediction. In this regard, it can be considered that the geotechnical monitoring system developed by institute Lenmetrogyprotrans is not only the key to ensuring the safe operation of tunnels, when forecasting and evaluating the technical condition of tunnels, but is also important in more global tasks, such as implementing seismic predictions of natural character by means of identified reliable precursors.
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Gpr Evaluation of Homogeneity of Soil Properties in Linear Objects
Authors V.L. Shapovalov, A.V. Morozov, V.A. Yavna and A.A. VasilchenkoSummaryThe work is aimed at assessing the feasibility of applying the GPR method with the continuous determination of the homogeneity of strength characteristics of the subgrade soil of railways and highways under construction along the GPR profile, and in depth. We demonstrate the distribution of density in different layers in the in-depth direction along the surveyed section of the roadbed during the construction process, after various numbers of soilcompacting machines passes. Good convergence of density values obtained by direct methods and GPR method is shown.
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Survey of Ground Penetrating Radar Methods of the Contact Boundaries of the Layers of the Road Construction
Authors A. Kulizhnikov, R. Eremin and A. KuznetsovSummaryComprehensive studies of the internal structure of road structures by the geo-radar "OKO-3" were performed on the existing road network with the evaluation of the elastic modulus on the surface of the road structure using the FWD dynamic load setting. Identified by the received radarograms on sections of roads violations at the boundaries of the contact layers in road structures. The impact of violations at the boundaries of the contact layers of the road structure on the strength characteristics of the road is evaluated. Analysis of the radarograms on the road sections showed that gaps, absence and blurring of the in-phase lines at the boundaries of the layers indicate a decrease in strength on the surface of the pavement design. The location of the geosynthetic material is pronounced on radarograms, since the layer contributes to the accumulation of moisture, which is reflected by an increased signal amplitude on the surface of this layer. Recommendations on the use of GPR methods for assessing the state of the structural layers of the road pavement of roads at the contact boundaries of neighboring materials are given.
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Gpr Data Correlation for Determine the Buried Holocene Coastlines Formed During the Change in the Level of the Baltic Sea
Authors A. Sergeev, L. Budanov, D. Ryabchuk, V. Zhamoida and I. NeevinSummaryThe results of GPR data analyses have shown that the accretion form is a polygenic, steeply inclined glacio-fluvial delta foreset formed during the Pandivere stage of deglaciation as a result of consistent discharges of huge amounts of sediment materials from the melting ice-sheet and arriving from the south, west, north-west and south-west. During the maximal level of the Littorina transgression, the eastern part of the accretion form remained drained and represented a peninsula or island that was surrounded by the Littorina Sea from the west and north-east, but its western part was intensely eroded. At an absolute level of 8.5 m, there was a relatively long-term stabilization in sea level, and beach and submarine sand ridges formed that were subsequently unaffected by marine transgressions and were preserved as relict forms in the relief.
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Application of Gpr for Mapping of Underground Utilities: A Review
Authors Z. Khakiev, G. Lazorenko, V. Shapovalov and V. YavnaSummaryThe review has shown the extensive possibilities the GPR method for the mapping of underground utilities and engineering networks. Subsurface GPR is an effective method of search and control, which allows to carry out surveys of a large number of objects with relatively low labor and material costs. The method has established itself as one of the most effective for use in urban areas and is successfully used to solve engineering problems. It is one of the main methods of non-invasive detection and mapping of underground utilities.
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Approbation of the Ems-Ip Technology for the Kimberlite Pipe Exploration in Conditions of A Wide Manifestation of Double Induced Polarization Effects on the Baytakhsky Area
Authors A.A. Tyrzhanov, Y.A. Davydenko, A.S. Bashkeev, S.V. Bukhalov, R.A. Shishmarev and Y.F. KovalskySummaryKimberlite pipe exploration overlapped by loose terrigenous-sedimentary rocks and traprock in the Yakutsk diamondiferous province, were and remain one of the most pressing and difficult tasks for geologists and geophysicists. Overlying deposits are usually highly variable physical properties, which the layer thickness of tens meters, blunt the effectiveness of traditional land-based geophysical methods. Exploratory drilling on a cellular mesh is come at a price but does not always solve the task of kimberlite pipe exploration. In connection with the above, special relevance takes use of new geophysical technologies to detection zones of kimberlite manifestations. Electromagnetic sounding and induced polarization technology (EMS-IP), by means of registration of the full form pulse ( Davidenko et al 2012 ) allows you to select areas with changes in physical properties (dedicated to the manifestation of kimberlite magmatism) on the background of the enclosing rocks to a depth of 1 km even in high-resistivity medium. In the period June-July 2017 in the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, was performed three-dimensional survey on standard zone Baytakhsky by the of EMS-IP method. Mission was to test the technology of EMS-IP to identify, delineate and localize promising areas with kimberlite-containing diatreme within the scope of measurements.
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Gpr Investigation of Ancient Copper Mines of Bronze Age in the Urals
Authors Noskevich V.V., Fedorova N.V. and Muravyev L.A.SummaryGeophysical methods have become an integral part of research in archeology. Their main advantage is that they allow you to study buried monuments without destroying the soil layer and provide an opportunity to more purposefully determine the place of future costly and laborious excavations of archaeologists. In the steppe zone of the Southern Urals and Mugodzhar about three dozen different types of copper mines are known, the development of which took place in the Bronze Age. At the present time the walls of the quarries have become destroyed and the bottom is covered with a thick layer of sediments. To study these quarries, it is important to determine the relief of quarries and localize ore mining sites during their operation. This makes it possible to assess the amount of ore mined and amount of copper smelted. Separation by GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) of reflected boundaries between loose deposits and rock formations of the copper quarry of the Bronze Age of Chelabinskaya oblast in South Ural, the construction of a three-dimensional model of an ancient quarry and the localization of ore extraction.
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On the Use of Solar Power Sources in the Method of Partial Extraction of Metals
Authors J.A. Sokolova, N.P. Senchina, A.A. Miller and M.M. SaitgaleevSummaryThe paper presents a new technique for deep-lying ore deposits prospecting based on a modification of the method of partial extraction of metals (in Russian-CHIM). Movable forms of elements are involved in the movement under the action of electric current in the vicinity of the partial extraction of metals station and accumulate in the elemental cell, thus achieving the selectivity of the analysis of the moving, migrating form of elements. The authors have developed a functioning model for the partial extraction of metals method, using a renewable resource - solar energy - as a source of electrical current. An assessment of the proposed method effectiveness for chemical elements extracting from the fixed (mineral) form was made experimentally in laboratory and field conditions, which showed the possibility of using the proposed modification at the current level of development of chemical analytical technologies. The use of solar cells gives to the method environmental and technological advantages over the classical implementation of the partial extraction of metals. Different geoelectrochemical methods of prospecting were compared and features of new technique were investigated.
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Assessment of the Impact of Talik Zones on the Development of Mineral Deposits
Authors V. Kozlov, I. Abaturova, E. Zvonarev and E. NugmanovaSummaryThe article deals with the problem of studying the talik zones in the search and development of mineral deposits. The step-by-step method of detection and establishment of boundaries of talik zones with use of a complex of engineering-geological and geophysical methods is described. An example of using this technique at the field of the Okhotsk-Chukotsk volcanic belt is considered.
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High-Resolution Vibroseismology on the Mining Field
Authors S. Kolesov, A. Kuzin and V. KondrashkovSummarySeismic exploration is mostly used for prospecting and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits and, to a much lesser extent, for mining objects. For hydrocarbon deposits, the structural factor is dominant; for mining, the problem of determining the zonality of the elastic-deformation properties comes to the fore. The depth of the location of mining objects, the size and nature of their structure lead to the specifics of the method of high-resolution seismic. At one of the mining fields, seismic work was performed according to the method of high-resolution vibroseismology, which included a hi-dense survey, the use of high-frequency vibrators and nonlinear-frequencymodulated sweep-signals. This made it possible to obtain the initial field seismic data with a given operating bandwidth — up to 160 Hz with a high signal-to-noise ratio on all parts of the line with a rather noticeable change in the excitation conditions. The processing and interpretation of the results was carried out in the PRM software (“Parametric scan of reflections”). In the PRM time sections, the nature of the fracturing of the mining deposit is visible, leading to its formation. The PRM allows calculating interval seismic velocities for depth sections, which are used to determine the location of mining deposits. The use of field work on the methodology of high-resolution vibroseismology combined with processing and interpretation of data on the PRM is a progressive and effective method of prospecting and exploration of pyrite mining deposits.
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Robust Methods of Determining Target Objects Using Block Structures for Em Data Processing
Authors M. Persova, Y. Soloveichik, D. Vagin, D. Kiselev and Y. KoshkinaSummaryThe paper proposes the approach to increase the reliability of determining target objects locations and their characteristics with the use of geometric 3D-inversion of electromagnetic survey data. This approach is based on the analysis of repeatability of 3D-inversion results for different rotations of the initial model block structures around the vertical axis. The forward problem solution is based on the finite element method on the nonconforming meshes with hexahedral cells, which smoothly approximate the curved surfaces: the Earth relief and subhorizontal borders between the geoelectrical model layers. The possibilities of the proposed approach are demonstrated on synthetic data for a complex multilayer geoelectrical model, which is characterized by the relief and contains lateral complex shape 3D-inhomogeneties overlapping the target object. The numerical experimental results show well the repeatability of conductivity distributions obtained as the inversion result for different rotations of the initial model block structures. This suggests the possibility of reliably determining the target objects in the realistic complex geoelectrical conditions.
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The Possibilities of Mine Seismic Survey on Shear Waves
Authors R. Tsarev, A. Prigara and A. ZhukovSummaryWithin the limits of the conducted research the following results have been obtained: 1. It has been established that when conducting seismic surveys of Common Depth Point Seismic Reflection Method (CDP SRM) undermine conditions by vertical–oriented direction of the sensors and vertically directed source of elastic vibrations, the reflection arrives mainly from perpendicular direction from neighbour workings on shear waves; 2. Seismic modelling has shown that the work of Common Depth Point Seismic Reflection Method (CDP SRM) on shear waves has a higher resolution than on compression waves, due to lower velocity and larger amplitude of the registered signal, with that the width of frequency spectrum is the same. Thus, advantages of using the shear waves when conducting the mine seismic surveys are reasonable; 3. It has been established that the signal registered when conducting the mine seismic survey is a result of reflection interference which arrives from two half-spaces, divided with the profile line; 4. A direction for further research has been determined which involves developing a method of the mine seismic survey on shear waves with division of interfering reflections arriving to the receiver line from different sides.
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Electrical Properties of Metal Oxides At. № ≤ 20 As Petrophysical, Raw Markers of Quality of Solid Mineral Resources (on the Example of the Ural Deposits of the Upland Type)
Authors A. Timokhin and R.S. TitovSummarySummary: The article Reveals why the development of mineral bases of solid minerals in the current situation with a tendency to mineral depletion is extremely important operational evaluation of commercial raw materials of high accuracy, the only one able to effectively solve the problem of energy and resource conservation in mining, to exclude economic harm from gross errors in the definition of varieties. Taking into account the conditions of the obvious effect of the General spectral nature of the petrophysical methods (measurements and signals), the factors in favor of the key, binding role of electrical conductivity observations (areal Electrometry to a small depth of mountain blocks) to confirm the actual, field data predicted deep inversion of metals properties. The additivity of the sum of oxides: K(+), Ca(2+), Na(+); and, on the contrary, the individual synergy of oxides: Mg(2+), Al(3+), we found, but not found in the known models of semiconductors: synthesis and minerals. On the examples of chemical types of poor raw materials and contacts changing in the deposits of various minerals the prospects of complex measurement algorithms with possibly implemented in the interpretation of approaches to the identification of metals (oxides) as markers of quality and enrichment are assumed. Application variants of use and results are briefly given. Keywords: losses of solid minerals, re-grading, raw materials assessment, semiconductor markers in electrical conductivity, electrometry, exploration and calculations of enrichment, energy- and mineral-saving.
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The Dominant Frequency of the Elastic Wave at the Engineering Seismic Survey with Shock and A Pneumatic Source of Vibrations
Authors P. Kondratenko and O. VoronkovSummaryThe report presents the methodology and results of geophysical studies by seismic exploration on ground hydraulic structures. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of pneumatic sources of elastic oscillations in comparison with shock sources. As a result of research on various sites and in different soil conditions was obtained information about the prevailing frequencies of longitudinal waves with different mode of excitation of elastic vibrations in the environment and conclusions on the applicability of the air gun subarray in engineering seismic prospecting.
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Results of Frequency Electromagnetic Soundings on the Chernorud-2 Area in the Valley (or the Plot of Land) Burun-Khal
Authors D.A. Skrypnichenko, Y.A. Davydenko, S.V. Snopkov and A.V. KharinskySummaryThe purpose of this work is to test the Nemfis electromagnetic scanner on the archaeological survey of Priolkhonia (western Baikal region). Frequency electromagnetic sounding method, implemented in Nemfis scanner, intended for research positional relation electrical resistivity to a depth of 10 m. Relevance of the work is to evaluate the applicability of frequency electromagnetic sounding for mapping the near-surface section for solving archaeological problems in conditions of significant conductivity contrast of the earth material, lying in the foundation. In the summer of 2017, work was field trial work the purpose of which was to the effect extraction of a thin near-surface layer of the purpose of which was to isolate the effect of a thin near-surface layer of quaternary deposits on the background of significant anomalies caused by contrasting conduction primary rocks. Researches were conducted in the plot of land Bul-Durun near the student practice base of INRTU "Chernorud" (Shara-Togot village, Olkhon district, Irkutsk region).Detailed exploratory survey with a step of one 1 m. per 1 m. was performed on a reference area of 100 m. per 40 m. (Fig. 1). Areal survey data were processed using the program GeliosSMI-64 [ 1 ]. In progress of processing, using regression analysis was minimized background effect from rocks with contrasting conduction and near-surface anomalies were isolated, including from archaeological objects. As a result of experimental work has been developed processing technology of areal data frequency scan to detect weakly contrasting archaeological objects in the background of significant influence of bedrock.
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Three-Dimensional Measurements by Standard Equipment of Ert Method on Multi-Segment Area Arrangements of Electrodes
Authors D. K. Bolshakov, K.D. Efremov and I.N. ModinSummaryThe report presents area multi-segment arrangements with the number of electrodes significantly exceeding the number of electrodes available for simultaneous switching by multielectrode system for carrying out twodimensional electrical tomography data. However, the proposed measurement method using these arrangements, together with the method of moving them (similar to the roll-along technology), allows us to examine large areas and obtain true three-dimensional data suitable for carrying out three-dimensional inversion. The results of field experimental-methodical work with dipole-dipole and pole-dipole arrays are given. One of the advantages of multi-segment technology for obtaining three-dimensional data is the possibility of using standard system and equipment with a limited number of simultaneously switched electrodes.
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Application of Overhauser Magnetometers in the Search for Ore and Placer Gold and Diamonds Deposits
Authors L.A. Muravyev, V.A. Sapunov, E.D. Narkhov and I.M. KhasanovSummaryWe present the results of using modern nuclear precession magnetometers based on the Processor Overhauser Sensor overhead processor POS sensor for the study of primary and loose gold and diamond deposits in various regions of Russia and in the Republic of Angola. The developed method of the pedestrian magnetic survey with the definition of coordinates using a GPS navigation receiver allows you to effectively isolate the field from lowcontrast magnetic objects against the background of more extensive and intensive anomalies of the geological environment. A ground magnetic survey is effective in detailing and sorting out the anomalies detected using aeromagnetic survey when searching for primary and loose diamond deposits. Micromagnetic anomalies detected as a result of detailed shooting in continuous mode make it possible to localize heterogeneities of the geological structure in the upper part of the section.We present the results of using modern nuclear precession magnetometers based on the Processor Overhauser Sensor for the study of ore and placer gold and diamond deposits in various regions of Russia and in Angola. The developed method of the ground magnetic survey with GPS navigation receiver allows you to effectively separate the field from low-contrast magnetic objects on the background of more intensive anomalies of the geological environment. A ground magnetic survey is effective in detailing and separating the anomalies detected using aeromagnetic survey. Micromagnetic anomalies makes possible to localize geological structures in the upper part of the geological section.
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Perspectives of Gpr Application in the Geophysical Complex for Prospecting and Exploration of Alluvial Gold Deposits
Authors I.M. Hasanov and L.A. MuravyevSummaryOne of the ways to improve the mining and geological work at placers is a wider application of geophysical research, the role of which is currently clearly insufficient. We propose the complex of geophysical investigations to solve problems arising from prospecting gold deposits of various morphogenetic types. Depending on the tasks, it may include georadar sensing, electric profiling, electric sounding and magnetometric survey. In the course of the work, it was found that the most effective (in terms of productivity and costs) type of electrical exploration, especially when solving problems related to the evaluation of loose sediment thickness and determining the morphology of a hard base relief, is GPR profiling. Geophysical work was carried out at several test sites in the Magadan region, the Northern Urals and the Republic of Tanzania where industrial mining of placer gold is planned. This complex is quite efficient and cheap and can be recommended before specifying the specific boundaries of landfill mining sites.
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Numerical Simulation of the Resistivity for A Homogeneous Half-Space with Relief
Authors K.I. Baranchuk and I.N. ModinSummarySometimes, using ERT method on high relief slopes which occur in mountainous areas, during archaeological and engineering investigations, there are appear some anomalies on inversion images which may identify as features. They are located either under the bend of the relief, or in the lower third of the image. These anomalies can several times exceed the background values of the apparent resistivity. We decided to call them Pr and Cr effects, because on sections of apparent resistivity they are similar to the already familiar anomalies from near-surface heterogeneity, which are commonly called P and C effects. We used programs of numerical solution of forward modeling to analyze the properties of Pr and Cr effects: IEMoutput2 and ZondRes2D. We used an analytical solution of one of the models for verifying results. Model with a single smooth inflection was used as a transition from the elementary form of the relief to the real one. The article shows the differences in the results of numerical simulation in different programs. It may be the possible reason for the insufficient inclusion of relief effects on the results of inversion are indicated.
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The Results of High-Precision Magnetic Survey at An Archaeological Site, Janken (Kazakhstan)
Authors I.N. Modin, M.V. Kosnyreva, L.A. Zolotaya, A.Y. Palenov and T.V. TopilinaSummaryThe article is devoted to the results of the interpretation of data of high-precision magnetic surveys conducted on most of the archaeological site of Jankent from 2011 to 2018. According to the results of the interpretation of magnetic data, it was possible to classify local anomalies and associate them with various types of archaeological objects. By the linear negative anomalies (-5 -20) nT extended in the submeridional and sublatitudinal directions fragments of the internal layout of the hillfort were traced. By the results of the analysis of various transformations of the anomalous magnetic field and the solution of the inverse problem, conclusions were made about the localization of the sources of anomalies in the depth range from 0.6 meters to 1.4 meters. Magnetic modeling allows us to conclude that sources of intense magnetic anomalies are likely to be foci or furnaces. The results will be verified by archaeologists in the course of further research.
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The Research Ore Body’S Geoelectric Properties In-Situ with System Ems-Ip
Authors S.V. Bukhalov, Yu.A. Davydenko, A.S. Bashkeev and K.V. AbornevSummaryOre body’s profile was measured with small-step system in the Turavity area (Altai Republic) to research the near-surface occurrences in-situ with electromagnetic sounding and induced polarization technology (EMS-IP) in October 2016. This profile located in combined delve (bulldozer and manual) with outcrop ore body. Earlier this profile had measured with geochemical testing. Zones of high and low polarizability were identified as a result of geophysical measurements with grounding into the ore body. These zones correlate with high copper and silver content’s zones which were obtained by geochemical testing. In results of the research we can conclude that this measurement technique is a good addition to the areal surveys modeling.
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The Results of the Use of Compact Shallow Contactless Equipment in the Study of the Foundations at the Intersection of B.Dmitrovka and Kamergersky Lane, Moscow
Authors D. Romanov and D. FadeevSummaryThe paper presents the results of the study of the structure of the basement using non-contact methods. According to the work carried out, maps and sections of the distribution of the module and signal components of the apparent resistivity measured by induction equipment were constructed. On the maps and cuts revealed anomalies caused by the presence of changes in the structure of the medium. On the basis of the conditions and possibilities of conducting research, the boundaries of the foundation were partially confirmed. The nature of the signal in the zones of contrasting anomalies indicated above indicates the presence of conductive objects, which may also include reinforced concrete structures. Overlaying a priori information with the obtained geophysical data makes it possible to compare the layout of the building on the ground.
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Assessment of the Influence of Metasomatism Processes on the Formation of the Physicomechanical Properties of Rocks
Authors O. Borisikhina, I. Abaturova, I. Savintsev and V. KozlovSummaryThis article discusses the metasomatic zonality of the Svetloye deposit, the effect of the degree of metasomatic development on the formation of physical and mechanical properties. The fields of distribution of indicators of physicomechanical properties are constructed, their comparative analysis with geological boundaries is carried out. The influence of the mineral composition on the physicomechanical properties was evaluated. A paired correlation analysis was performed.
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Application of Cdp Seismic Reflection Method in Buried Paleo-Valley Study
Authors G. Gorelik, L. Budanov, D. Ryabchuk, V. Zhamoida and I. NeevinSummarythe paper presents the results of the paleo-valleys study using CDP seismic reflection method. The purpose of ancient rivers valleys studying is relevant in the north of the Leningrad Region due to the weak stability of the rock in the area of the paleo-valleys location and the high risk of structural damage during the construction of multi-storey buildings. In addition, in connection with the prospects for detecting drinking water supplies in sandy sediments filling the paleo-valley, mapping and reservoir capacity estimation may be useful for choosing sources of water supply for nearby settlements (Sestroretsk, Solnechnoye village).
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Search for Concealed Copper-Molybdenum Mineralization in Northern Kazakhstan with the Help of Electromagnetic Sounding Technologies and Induced Polarization (Ems-Ip)
SummaryCurrently, more than 65% of world reserves of copper and about 60% of its world production, as well as more than 60% of molybdenum reserves and about 70% of its production occur in so-called copper-molybdenum porphyry deposits of hydatogenesis. These deposits are characterized by large accumulations of milling-grade ores, represented by systems of fine ore veinlets and small impregnations of sulfide ore minerals, among which chalcopyrite and molybdenite are widespread. The largest industrial deposits of this type are in Kazakhstan. The paper provides an assessment of the sensitivity of measured transients to changes in electrical resistivity and polarization, which makes it possible to separately determine the distribution of these parameters in the medium, as well as a comparison of the results of the inversion of pulsed electrical survey data with the geology of the area under study.
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Field Experement with New Vibrosource Type
Authors V. Serebryakov, I. Korotkov, A. Zhukov and A. SolovyovSummaryVibrosies exploration seismology is leading geophysical method. The Recent hardware and technology developments allow seismic acquisition for detail near surface imaging. The light seismic vibrator driven by linear synchronous motor may serves as an alternative to hammer or standard heavy hydraulic vibrosource for shallow depth engineering studies. Advantages of electric vibrator includes wider output signal spectrum (up to 1KHz), shear wave mode operations with all kinds of comprehensive signals such as pseudorandom , adaptive and broadsweep sweep signals. The first field experiment with lightweight vibrosource was carried out in urban environment of Moscow City. Results of field experiment and data processing are presented in this paper.
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The Experience of Application of 2D Transition Zone Seismics for the Leveling of Land and Marine Data Obtained at the Bridge Construction Site
Authors A. Turchkov, A. Oshkin, V. Ignatev and A. KonkovSummaryThis paper is based on shallow 2D transition zone seismic data obtained during geo-technical survey at the bridge construction site. The transition zone measurement technique as well as data processing approaches and main results are presented in the paper. The equipment and survey technique complex that has been used in the survey makes possible all geophysical tasks to be solved. Thus, it could be recommended as an optimal for further application in similar geological conditions.
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Modeling of Deep Sections Based on the Gpr Results
Authors E.Y. Girenko, I.O. Dubrovin and I.N. ModinSummaryIn some cases, the upper part of the section is represented by sands with a certain amount of coarse clastic material in the form of blocks measuring 30–100 cm. For an antenna of 250–300 MHz, the center frequency of the spectrum of the reflected signals is 180–200 MHz. It is easy to calculate that at a velocity 10 cm / ns, the wavelength will be about 0.5 m. This is the optimal size of the heterogeneity at which diffraction is formed in the form of a hyperbolic reflection on a georadarogram. If the block material is scattered evenly throughout the section, you can try to determine the effective propagation velocity of electromagnetic signals for different depths and more accurately recalculate the time section into a deep one. In this paper, an example of the results obtained at the Aleksandrovsky Plateau in the area of the geophysical test site of Moscow State University in the Kaluga region considers an algorithm for recalculating time sections into deep ones taking into account the use of multiple hyperboles from diffraction points. For sandy - gravel soils containing single boulders and large blocks, it is possible, using hyperbolic reflections from diffracting objects, to construct a model of a velocity section. Further transformations make it possible to change time boundaries into deep ones and build deep sections, which take into account the change in velocity with depth.
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