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16th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment
- Conference date: November 15-18, 2022
- Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
- Published: 15 November 2022
1 - 100 of 226 results
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The Centralized Water Supply of Kyiv Is 150 Years Old (1872–2022) - the Importance of the Dnipro and Desna Rivers
Authors V. K. Khilchevskyi, L. V. Plichko and M. R. ZabokrytskaSummaryThe publication reflects the role of the Dnipro and Desna rivers in the water supply of Kyiv. In 2022, the Kyiv water supply system, built in 1872 with water intake from the Dnipro River, will be 150 years old. During this time, the role of the Dnipro changed - the share of groundwater in the water supply of the city grew, and subsequently the Desna River. In 1939, the Dnipro waterworks was built, which is still in operation today (design capacity 600 thousand m3/day). In 1961 the Desnianska waterworks was built (1080 thousand m3/day). The design capacity of the artesian water pipeline is 420 thousand m3/day.
In recent years, the average daily water supply in Kyiv is 700–720 thousand m3/day. The share of city water supply sources is as follows: Desna River - 66%; the Dnipro River - 25%; artesian waters - 9%. The highest specific indicator of the use of drinking water in Kyiv per capita was in 1991 - 588 l/day/person. Calculations show that in 2020 it decreased by 2.7 times. (219 l/day/person). An important role was played by the increase in tariffs for water supply.
The centralized water supply of the city also implies a centralized sewage disposal system. The Bortnitska aeration station, which built in 1965, receives 100% of the city’s wastewater with the discharge of treated wastewater in the Dnipro River below Kyiv. The Dnipro and Desna rivers play an extraordinary role in the water supply of the capital. The Dnipro remains the hydrographic axis of Kyiv.
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Regularities of Changes in the Recreation Ecosystems’ Quality Parameters in Space
Authors L. Arkhypova, M. Korchemluk, L. Horoshkova, Ie. Khlobystov and Yu. StakhmychSummaryOur study of the Danube hydro-ecosystems of the Carpathian region using of the integrated natural water quality assessment resulted in obtaining the functional dependencies between quality indicator and altitude. For the first time, the regularities of changes in the ecosystems’ quality parameters in space were established by means of developing functional dependences among the ecological standard values of the composite quality indicators of natural waters and the river length and terrain altitude, and performing the statistical processing of the database containing the results of the quality monitoring observations of the upper reaches of the Danube ecosystems in the Ukrainian Carpathians for the period from begin 21 st. The obtained dependencie and map can be used for the Carpathian region as the territorial background standard values of the ecological state indicators of basin ecosystems, which will help to scientifically substantiate the ecologically safe values of the anthropogenic pressure.
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Optimization of Geoecological Monitoring in the Post-War Period
Authors V. Samoilenko, L. Bilous, O. Havrylenko and I. DibrovaSummaryAn optimized architecture of geoecological monitoring (GEM) was developed for the postwar period, based on the studied regularities of the stochastic structure inherent in various natural geosystems and the analyzed methods of observing their state. Geoecological monitoring is generally considered as a multi-purpose model geoinformation system with a corresponding physical network for observing, evaluating and forecasting the state of natural geosystems with the creation and maintenance of spatial data bases with factographic geoecological information. The purpose of GEM functioning is identification of sources causing geo-negative, in particular war-induced, impact on geosystems and supporting the adoption of post-war geo-rehabilitation and environmental decisions. The content of functional, taxon and different-level structural subsystems of geoecological monitoring is outlined. Peculiarities of taxon and functional categories of geomonitoring, as well as its types and modes, are given. A specific detail of the geomonitoring architecture is the presence of a criterion sub-unit, which contains classification features for choosing the composition and priority of any subsystems of such monitoring in the post-war period. These features include the rank and type of natural geosystems, dominant sources of anthropogenic, in particular, military impact on geosystems, and other functional-operational features. Criteria for the geoecological monitoring effectiveness are formulated.
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Characteristics of Monitoring and Mitigation of Water Resources Clay Particles Pollution by ζ-Potential Research
Authors A. P. Onanko, O. P. Dmytrenko, T. M. Pinchuk-Rugal, Y. A. Onanko, D. V. Charnyi and A. A. KuzmychSummaryHostilities leads to damage or destruction of hydrotechnical structures, as well as riverbeds are disturbance. This leads to turbidity of clay particles contained in surface waters. As a result, the load on sewage treatment plants increases, which can also be damaged as a result of hostilities. This leads to a deterioration in the level of providing the civilian population with clean water. A mathematical model of clay particles monitoring and retention by polystyrene foam from an aqueous suspension due to the phenomenon of electrostatic adsorption has been developed. Its adequacy was checked using experimental studies of the ζ-potential of the adsorbent and adsorbate. The factors affecting intensity of the process of water purification from clay particles at different year seasons by filtration through granular media have been studied and analyzed. The effectiveness of polystyrene foam at different stages of the process of filtering an aqueous suspension containing clay particles was investigated. The dependence of the intensity of retention of colloids of mineral origin by polystyrene foam filter media granules on the value of their ζ-potential was determined.
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Contribution of Individual Organic Mass Components in Carbonization and Metamorphic Transformations of Coals
Authors V. Tarasov, M. Antoshchenko, Y. Rudniev, T. Khalyavka and O. ZakharovaSummaryRanking the main components of organic mass by them fraction participation in carbonization allowed to determine narrower ranges of carbon change, where distinguishing features of seven stages of metamorphic transformations were established. The relationship between the direct change in the content of organic mass components and the fraction of their influence on the metamorphic transformations of coals was established, which will increase the level of predicting the dangerous properties of mine layers. The distinguishing features of metamorphic transformations in selected ranges of carbon content increase according to coal ranking by content of component of organic mass elemental composition were established. The relationships of organic mass components, which are one of the main criteria for dangerous characterization of mine layers during mining were noted. It was showed, that the choice of parameters that determine the produce of mine layers dangerous properties should be based on principles that differ from the regilations of the modern classification by genetic and technological parameters.
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Developing the Ukrainian Hydrological Terminology as a Component of Water-Related Activity and its Integration with the International Professional Community
Authors V. O. Manukalo and V. V. GrebinSummaryThe important factor that determines a level of professional training of specialists in various fields of activity is a mastery of scientific terminology. The formation of the Ukrainian scientific language took place under unfavorable conditions of statelessness, which for a long time made a formation of a national scientific terminology impossible. Since the period of the Ukrainian Independence significant works have been carried out in the country on the development of scientific terminology in the field of activities related to a study, use and protection of surface waters. However, providing scientists and practitioners with scientific and reference literature, which expand using boundaries of the Ukrainian language and contribute to an inclusion of international established terms in the national terminology system, lags behind today’s requirements. The article briefly describes the history of formation and work on developing the Ukrainian scientific terminology in hydrology and hydrochemistry, which has been carried out at the Department of Hydrology and Hydroecology of the Faculty of Geography of the Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University and at the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, in particular, the publication of the Hydrological Dictionary (2022) and the Hydrochemical Dictionary (2022) and work on a new edition of the State Standard of Ukraine “Hydrology of the Land. Basic terms and definitions”.
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Influence of the Rock Anisotropy Index on the Regime and Technological Parameters of Drilling
Authors Ya. M. Femiak, Ya. M. Kochkodan, A. I. Vasko, L. R. Yurych and Kh. A. VaskoSummaryOn the basis of the conducted analytical studies, a dependence for determining the drilling anisotropy index when drilling in inclined formations was obtained. The drilling index of anisotropy was analytically determined based on industrial data for different deposits and areas. Based on the results of experimental studies of the strength characteristics of rock samples, the drilling index of anisotropy was determined. Analyzing the results of laboratory studies, it was found that the values of the drilling anisotropy index, determined experimentally, practically coincide with those calculated analytically. With a known drilling anisotropy index, bottomhole assembly, well geometry, and formation inclination, the WOB can be determined.
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Environmental Sustainability: Economical and Organizational Aspects of WEF Nexus
Authors L. Kuzmych and A. YakymchukSummaryThe relationship between the main components of the life chain - water-energy-consumption according to the concept of environmental sustainability was investigated. According to the analysis, the balance between production and consumption is disturbed in the world, which is caused by wars, economic recession, poverty, and in some countries, famine. The Russian war aggression in Ukraine had a devastating effect on the supply of grain and other crops to countries that are still developing. All this indicates the need for new ways of obtaining food, new technologies for water purification and economy of consumption in the world. Humanity needs solutions to such vital problems as drinking water and food. After all, their lack affects the state of health of the population, increasing the level of morbidity and epidemics, including during the spread of a pandemic. The economic costs of improving water and energy supply are steadily increasing, both in poor and developed countries. Therefore, cooperation of all states and their governments in forming the water-energy- food balance is important today.
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The Study of Group of Shatsk Lakes (BNDVI index) During the Season of Minimum Recreational Load - 2022
Authors V. K. Khilchevskyi, L. V. Plichko, M. R. Zabokrytska and M. P. PasichnykSummaryThis study is devoted to the study of the state of the surface of the Svityaz and Pisochne lakes in the summer of 2022, when due to the military aggression of Russia against Ukraine (began on February 24, 2022) and the threat of attack from Belarus, the smallest influx of tourists to the Shatsk Lakes was observed in recent decades. The purpose of the study is study the distribution of phytoplankton biomass in the Svityaz and Pisochne lakes in the summer period of 2022 and compare it with the long-term period (1993–2021) using the Blue Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (BNDVI). This is achieved through the ratio of spectral bands highlighting areas covered with algae on the surface of the water in satellite images. The study of the state of the surface of the water area of the Svityaz and Pisochne lakes using BNDVI for 1993–2022 showed the presence of phytoplankton biomass on satellite images of the summer period. In 2022, with a significant decrease in the number of tourists, the state of the surface of the water area improved. On Svityaz, there was a decrease in the area occupied by algae by 55% comparing to the average annual, and on Pisochne - by 31%. The study of the surface of the water area of lakes in summer using the BNDVI can be recommended as a method for preliminary assessment of the ecological state of aquatic ecosystems.
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Geoecological Monitoring of Urban Wetlands for the Purpose of their Protection (by the Case of Sovski Ponds in Kyiv)
Authors O. Havrylenko, Ye. Tsyhanok, P. Shyshchenko, V. Samoilenko and L. BilousSummaryThe purpose of this study is to identify the causes of degradation and the main stress factors of urban impact on the wetlands of the Sovky tract in the city Kyiv and to justify the need of creating a protected area there. In order to achieve the goal, we investigated the geoecological state of the tract for ten years, analysed 100 water samples from Sovski ponds, identified the main sources of contamination of reservoirs and adjacent territory and proposed the urgent measures to restore and preserve valuable urban wetlands. During the research, we revealed a steady trend of increasing concentrations of nitrites (NO2-N), nitrates (NO3-N) and phosphates (PO4) in Sovski ponds. It was established that the main sources of contamination of reservoirs by biogenic substances are the untreated storm sewer drains and motor-car washings located along nearly the entire perimeter of the Sovky tract. During the studied period, the stress factors of the urban impact on wetland ecosystems were strengthening systematically, that stipulated the increase of chemical and noise contamination, clogging with household and construction waste, disturbance of the soil cover and destruction of natural habitats of plants and animals. In order to stop the degradation and to preserve the unique urban wetlands, we have offered to include them in the complement of the Nature Reserve Fund of Kyiv, in particular, to create a Regional Landscape Park within the studied territory. We drew up a functional zoning scheme of the proposed protected area in the Sovky tract based on the geoecological monitoring results, that will provide its protection from the potential building, clogging and further degradation.
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Environmental Management of Local Communities Based on Energy Modernization in the Field of Housing and Communal Services
Authors M. Bieloborodova, A. Bessonova, S. Bessonova and L. YurchishinaSummaryThe issue of outdoor lighting improvement to reduce the environmental burden in industrial cities and is explored. It is proposed to substantiate the expediency of outdoor lighting networks energy modernization (on the example of Kamianske, Dnipro region) in order to provide city residents with quality outdoor lighting services, increase public safety by effectively illuminating urban space, reducing environmental impact (i.e., reducing light pollution and CO2 emissions into the atmosphere) by optimizing the consumption of energy resources. The previous socio-economic conditions and the volume of energy consumption of the city during 2012–2020 were studied. In order to substantiate the economic efficiency of the project, electrical measurements were used in outdoor lighting control units, measurements of the illumination level of the representative streets were held. Energy modernization with the transfer of outdoor lighting to renewable energy sources (solar panels) with the installation of remotely controlled LED lamps will reduce the actual energy consumption of the city network by 6–7 times, while reducing the estimated emissions of CO2 by 6,215 tons per year. It has been determined that the implementation of the project will save up to 1.8 GW of electricity in street lighting systems compared to the expected total consumption.
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Organic Pollutants Removal from Wastewater in Rubizhne City, Ukraine
Authors I. A. Farbun, I. A. Kovalchuk, T. A. Khalyavka, M. M. Tsyba and S. V. CamyshanSummaryA significant excess of the permissible concentrations limit of nitro- and amino products, phenols, mineral salts at the surface and underground waters near the Rubizhne city was determined. It is related with the tailings of the aniline enterprise «Rubizhansky Krasitel». The sorption method was proposed for the removal organic dyes from «Rubizhansky» waste collector wastewater. For this purpose the low-cost materials – clay minerals of the Cherkasy deposit of Ukraine montmorillonite (MMT) and palygorskite (PG) were used. MMT and PG were modified by quaternary ammonium cation hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA). It was found by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption that the clays modification leads to the decrease of the specific surface area. At the same time, the micropores are almost completely filled and the structure of the samples is meso- and macroporous. It was found that natural MMT and PG are not suitable for the removal of organic pollutants from wasterwater, the treatment efficiency is 4.8% and 5.9%, respectively. Modification of MMT and PG by HDTMA leads to significant (16–19 times) increase of sorption capacity, the purification efficiency is 91.6% and 96.5%. Thus, the modified HDTMA clay minerals montmorillonite and palygorskite are promising adsorbents for successful wasterwater purification from organic pollutants.
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Assessment of Seasonal and Long-term Dynamics of the State of Water Bodies Using the NDTI
Authors L. Plichko, V. Zatserkovnyi, I. Tsiupa, N. Tarasova and A. MienasovaSummaryThe paper considers studies of the Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI) used to assess the state of water bodies in the Chernihiv region. As a result of assessing the seasonal and long-term dynamics of the state of Starukha Lake and the Blyznytsay Pond using the NDTI was found that during 2015–2021 natural eutrophication processes occurred due to an increase in temperature in the summer months, silting of both water bodies, shallowing and overgrowing of the bog vegetation. The use of remote methods for studying the dynamics of the state of water bodies is a good alternative to field measurements, since they can record both spatial and temporal changes in the levels of turbidity in water bodies.
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River Basins Districts of Ukraine – Comparison with the Map of Russia’s Armed Aggression (Summer 2022)
Authors V. K. Khilchevskyi, V. V. Grebin and H. V. BolbotSummaryPresident of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyi noted that as of June 2, 2022, the Russian troops controlled about 20% of the territory of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to assess - which Ukrainian river basin districts or their parts had been falling into the territory controlled by the Russian troops in summer 2022? A hydrographic zoning of the territory of Ukraine and an interactive map of the Institute for the Study of War (USA) were used for the research. As of August 1, 2022, out of the 9 river basin districts in Ukraine some territories were occupied. The River Basin District of the Crimea (since 2014) and the River Basin District of the Sea of Azov coast (since March 2022) entirely remained in the territory controlled by the Russian troops. It was determined that about 69% of the Don River Basin District, 22% of the River Basin District of the Black Sea coast and 6% of the Dnieper River Basin District were occupied as of the beginning of August.
Of the large rivers in the territory controlled by the Russian troops in summer 2022, a significant part of the Siverskyi Donets River Basin (Donbas region) was revealed. From among the canals, there were fully occupied the North Crimean and the Kakhovka Main Canals and a part of the Siverskyi Donets-Donbas Canal. Among the large reservoirs, there was invaded the lower part of the Kakhovka Reservoir (with the HPP).
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Cold Waves in Ukraine in Cold Season 2011–2020
Authors D. B. Pinchuk and V. I. ZatulaSummaryCold waves are dangerous natural phenomena affecting human activity. The purpose of work is the analysis of the characteristics of the current cold waves in Ukraine. The main research method is a climatological analysis of a significant decrease in air temperature during the cold season of 2011–2020. The main results were obtained on the basis of an analysis of the deviation of average daily air temperatures from the climatological normal of 1981–2010. The quantitative characteristics of cold waves are presented in a context of 10 cities of Ukraine.
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Methods of Applying the Theoretical-Empirical Predictive Technique for Increase the Efficiency of Hydrocarbon Exploration and Extraction
Authors L. V. Skakalska, A. V. Nazarevych and V. I. KosarchynSummaryThe general characteristics of the theoretical-empirical technique for predicting rocks’ oil-and-gas bearing in wells’ sections developed by us and the methods of its application for increase the efficiency of hydrocarbon exploration and extraction are presented. The technique is built as a system of theoretical and empirical relationships with the involvement of acoustic logging and core research data. Variants of predictive technique have been developed using gamma logging, electric logging and offset data. The program-algorithmic complex for a computer realization of the developed technique is created in the Fortran, C# and Excel software environments. Testing of the technique was carried out on the data of sections of a number of wells for the Lishchyns’ka, Buchachs’ka, Ludyns’ka, Zaluzhans’ka, Zarichnyans’ka, Nyklovyts’ka structures of the Western oil and gas region (WOGR) of Ukraine and reliable predicting results were obtained. Among the directions of the further development of the technique, methods of its application are presented for the assessment of fracturing and the determination of rock types in the layers of wells’ sections, which are important for predicting the oil and gas capacity and for further effective extraction of hydrocarbons. The results of the application of the technique are illustrated on the examples of data for 3- Buchats’ka, 28- Nyklovyts’ka wells and data from the parametric database for rock-collectors of the Western Ukraine.
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Assessment of the Possible Impact of Wind Generator Fire on the Environment
Authors Y. V. Ballo, A. V. Mykhailova, D.V. Sereda, I. G. Stylyk and O. O. SizikovSummaryA study of the assessment of the potential impact of a fire on the environment from a wind power generator in the event of an emergency situation, accompanied by its destruction with oil leakage, is presented. The initial data for the implementation of the scenario of a natural fire study were substantiated and the criteria for dangerous effects on the ecosystem were determined. On the basis of the real project and design parameters of the wind power generator, FDS simulation of the thermal impact on the environment in the event of the destruction of its support with subsequent spillage and burning of lubricant was carried out. The verification of the obtained theoretical temperature distributions in the soil and the obtained data based on the results of the field experiment was carried out, on the basis of which general conclusions were drawn. The verification of the obtained theoretical temperature distributions in the soil and the obtained data based on the results of the field experiment was carried out, on the basis of which general conclusions were drawn.
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The Results of Complex Geophysical Research Aimed at Increasing the Potential and Capacity of the Znamyansky Water Intake in the Kirovohrad Region
Authors G. Kalashnyk and A. KalashnykSummaryThe results of complex geophysical research on the site of works aimed at increasing the potential and capacity of the Znamyansky water intake are presented. A rational complex of geophysical research methods for searching for underground water is substantiated. Based on the results of the interpretation of geophysical data, recommendations were developed regarding the location of the optimal drilling points for additional exploratory and operational hydrogeological wells on the site of the works.
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Satellite and Hybrid Systems for Monitoring, Risk Minimization and Prevention
Authors O. Pidchosa and A. HundaSummaryThis paper discusses a concept of a sophisticated hybrid monitoring system, its core application and technological solutions. The operating model of the proposed system comprises such processes as collecting, transmitting, combining and processing data; transferring the aggregated data to consumers for further use.
A modular design principle enables optimization of production and operating costs of a data collection system; involvement of multiple channels of information transmission depending on the purposes and nature of the task to be performed. Modern drones and robots with a range of advanced characteristics (e.g., special optics, night vision systems, different sensors, etc.) installed for customized purposes, as well as orbital constellations of nanosatellites, can contribute to the improvement of operations, the quality and accuracy of data and the productivity of the entire hybrid system.
In the context of data transmission capabilities via a satellite channel, the Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is discussed. The principle of decentralization implies the establishment of a network of stations and drones interacting with each other without connecting to WiFi or a cellular network. A collaborative calculation feature of the proposed hybrid system enables the detection of dangerous phenomena and improvement of forecast accuracy, which is crucial for preventive measures and disaster management. Based on a cost-benefit analysis and economic, social and environmental implications, the authors consider a public-private partnership within the development of the proposed hybrid system an economically feasible solution.
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Application of GIS Methods and LANDSAT Satellite Data in Studies of Recreational Urban Space of Kyiv
Authors T. Kupach and S. DemianenkoSummaryThe landscape approach in the organization of urban spaces takes into account the principle of eco-friendliness. The ecological context of the organization of urban space refers to overcoming stressful climatic anomalies, which determines the preservation of areas with green plants, which become islands of freshness and comfort for citizens. The comfort of the urban environment is invested in understanding the improvement of health and recreation centers. In fact, all available areas with green plants (with the exception of those set aside for the protection zones of industrial and strategically important objects) become recreational areas of Kyiv: parks, forest and meadows parks, public squares and home grounds, strips of green plants along transport arteries such as boulevards and rest islands on the roads. Simple methods and procedures of GIS, satellite data of remote sensing of the earth’s surface allow monitoring of the urban environment for the purpose of its improvement and safety. The object of this research is the territory of the city of Kyiv for the purpose of GIS analysis of urban environmental characteristics of the city environment. Visualization of NDVI and LST indicates significant spatial differences in temperature distribution: Kyiv’s thermal contrasts are caused by the variegation of the earth’s surface. Land cover types correlate with the functions of city spaces. The highest temperature indicators are characterized by zones connected by continuous construction, industrial use, transport junctions, which is related to their emission properties than types of vegetation covers. At the same time, areas with vegetation, especially natural forests and water bodies, have reduced temperature indicators, which generally improves the urban microclimate.
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Dynamics of Ionic Composition of Potable Groundwater of the Shostka Deposit (Based on Long-Term Operation Data)
Authors T. Koshliakova and O. KoshliakovSummaryThe publication is devoted to the study of dynamics of ionic composition of potable groundwater of the Shostka deposit (according to the monitoring observations of one operational and two reserve wells). The authors analyzed fluctuations over time in the concentrations of cations and anions during a long period of operation (1991–2017). The actual material was analyzed and calculated using mathematical statistics, in particular, the construction of diagrams was performed, as well as graphical processing of groundwater chemical analysis data was performed using the specialized software tool Grapher. As a result of calculations and constructions, it was established that no significant changes in the ionic composition of groundwater occurred during the observation period. The largest range of fluctuations in cationic and anionic composition was recorded in well №7. The authors explain this phenomenon by three groups of factors: local (hypsometric position of the well), regional (location of piezometric levels and direction of groundwater flow), and global (climatic changes associated with warming). Recommendations have been developed regarding the frequency of monitoring the physico-chemical and sanitary-bacteriological state of water in well №7.
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Ore region Ambatofinandrahana (Madagascar)
By V. MykhailovSummaryStudies of rare-earth mineralization were carried out on the territory of the sheets “Itremo” and “Ambatofi-nandrahana” in the central part of the island Madagascar, the ore region Ambatofinandrahana with industrially valuable rare earth mineralization is distinguished. The main ore objects of the area are the occurrences of Ankozohambo, Marovoalavo, Ifasina (Vohiniariana) and Sahafa. Ore bodies with bastnaesite, monazite, zir-con, orthite are associated with steeply dipping zones of mineralization, silicification in calciphyres, marbles, and syenites and at the contact of the latter with granites and gabbro; as well as with cloaklike laterite bodies overlying bedrock ore bodies. The contents of bastnaesite in the bedrock ore bodies of the Ankozohambo oc-currence range from 1.63 to 8.41% (average 3.0–3.91%), the contents of TR2O3 range from 4.15 to 12.21% (average 5.65–5.81%), and in laterites at different sites the content of bastnaesite ranges from 0.4 up to 8.24% (average 1.0–2.0%), TR2O3 – from 1.0 to 28.78% (average 1.14–3.49%). The probable resources of the ore region probably exceed 12.5 million tons of ore, 270 thousand tons of bastnaesite, and 460 thousand tons of TR2O3.
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Modeling of the Oil Reservoir’s Exhaustion
Authors M. Lubkov and K. MosiychukSummaryIn order to study the dynamics of exhausting in heterogeneous oil reservoirs on the base of combined finite-element-difference method for the non-stationary problem of piezoconductivity we have carried out a numerical simulation of the pressure drop distribution in vicinity of the operating well. At that we have taken into account the heterogeneous distribution of filtration characteristics inside the reservoir and the oil infiltration parameters on the boundaries of the reservoir. The developed method for solving the non-stationary problem of piezoconductivity in deformed oil formations allows us adequately to describe the distribution of pressure near production and injection well systems in real operating conditions. We have shown that depletion processes in vicinity of active well mainly depend on the intensity of oil production and the degree of oil penetration at the boundaries of the reservoir’s area and to a lesser extent on the filtration parameters inside the reservoir. Therefore, in order to maintain the proper level of oil production in the reservoir’s area, it is necessary, for example, thanks to the using of modern technologies (system of injection wells), to ensure a sufficient inflow of the oil phase at the borders of the considered reservoir’s area. We have shown that in the cases of low oil infiltration at the boundaries of the reservoir area, the value of depletion is directly proportional to the production power of the well. At the same time, a decreasing of the reservoir permeability leads to a slow downing of depletion processes. The limiting value of the oil boundary infiltration coefficient, which allows achieving industrial oil production, is α = 10−7 m. At that, the time of reaching of the stationary productive regime is directly proportional to the value of the oil permeability coefficient inside the reservoir.
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Use of Water Bodies for the Defense of Kyiv in the Course of the Russian-Ukrainian War
Authors S. Shevchuk and V. VyshnevskyiSummaryThe characteristics of water bodies near Kyiv and hydraulic structures which were used to defend the city during the Russian-Ukrainian war are given. The Irpin River, which flows on the western outskirts of Kyiv was a significant obstacle for the Russian troops in the first days of the war. The forced destruction of several bridges and other hydraulic structures on this river and other water bodies significantly complicated the advance of the Russian troops. Due to the destruction of the hydraulic structure at the mouth of the Irpin River and the inflow of water from the Kyivske Reservoir to its floodplain, the width of the water space here reached 1 km. Later, when the Kyiv region was liberated, the water level in the Kyivske Reservoir was lowered and this helped to reduce the flooding. It was shown that remote sensing can be the important source of data for the study the role of water bodies in the war.
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Mathematical Model of Environmental Risks Assessment Taking into Account the Effect of Accumulation of Damage in Modern Conditions
Authors V. Yelisieiev and E. BykovaSummaryFormulation of the problem. An indispensable condition for the successful functioning of the system of protection of the population and the territories of the state is the construction of an effective strategy for managing the risks of emergency situations and its implementation in order to increase the readiness and effectiveness of the functioning of the unified state system of civil protection.
The issue of state security in general, security in emergency situations (ES) in particular, and the management of this security has recently been considered as a strategic task of the state. The Code of Civil Protection of Ukraine defines that civil protection is the function of the state to protect the population and territories from emergency situations by preventing such situations, eliminating their consequences in peacetime and in special periods, and is carried out according to the principle of maximally possible, economically justified risk reduction occurrence of emergencies. A problematic issue is the scientific substantiation of the mechanism for assessing the risks of emergency occurrence. In modern conditions of hostilities, there is a need to take into account the effect of accumulation of losses.
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Landscape and Limnology Monitoring of Reservoirs in Cheremskyi Nature Reserve
Authors V. Martyniuk, V. Korbutiak, I. Hopchak, A. Pryshchepa, I. Zubkovych and A. ShuliakovskaSummaryThe need to control the processes of transformations of natural complexes of the Cheremskyi Nature Reserve (Ukraine), as well as the violation of the geo-ecological condition of the protected areas under the influence of global climate changes, make landscape and limnology monitoring necessary. The model object of the research is Lake Cheremske, which is located in the central part of the protected marsh massif, which belongs to Ramsar Convention sites. The bathymetric map of the lake was developed based on the instrumental field research using GIS and remote sensing methods and the main hydrological parameters of its catchment area were calculated; the hydro-chemical condition of water masses was analyzed according to the criteria of maximum permissible concentrations for fishery purposes and the quality (categories, classes) of surface waters; the composition and thickness of lake sediments were analyzed; a landscape map of the natural aquatic complex of the lake was developed at the level of aquatic sub-tracts and aquafacies. The cartographic models and a set of geo-data, which were developed and obtained within the research, are the basis for further monitoring of changes in the geo-ecological parameters of the basin system of the lake and in the entire territory of the reserve.
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Mine Water and Its Impact on the Siverskyi Donets River Basin
Authors O. Ukhan, N. Osadcha and V. OsadchyiSummaryThe paper is focused on the issues of the mine water influence on the surface water in the Siverskyi Donets River basin. Mine water is characterized by aggressive properties due to low pH values (associated with pyrite leaching processes) and high mineralization. They have a high content of sulfate and silicate ions, aluminum, suspends. It’s shown that the inflow of mine water to water bodies doesn’t cause a change in their salt composition.
A special regulation had been developed to protect the water ecosystem from pollution. Mine waters are previously accumulated in local relief depressions (beams). The processes of sorption, hydrolysis, oxidation and others contributed to the partial transfer of pollutants from the dissolved phase to bottom sediments.
Political and economic changes led to the shutdown of many mines, and the cheapest “wet” method was chosen for their conservation. Flooding of mines will contribute to raising the groundwater level and pollutants entering the river channel. The military actions in the East of Ukraine led to the impossibility of conducting detailed studies on raising the level of groundwater in mines and forecasting the further consequences of these processes.
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Analysis of Reservoir Delineation Problems in Complicated Conditions
Authors I. Vytvytskyi, O. Martsynkiv, I. Kovbasiuk, M. Seniushkovych, Y. Stavychnyi and Y. ZhdanovSummaryThe variety of existing problems associated with the delineation of productive layers is very large. Of particular concern is the fact that many of the operating wells constantly experience pressure in the annulus. This indicates the existence of a connection between the pressure source and the annulus. Improving the quality of primary cementing of new wells, as well as the elimination of fluid leaks in existing wells, is the logical right decision in the direction of improving the methods of delineating productive zones and protecting the environment.
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Formation of the Chemical Composition of Water in the Upper Reaches of the Transboundary Tisza River (Ukrainian Carpathians)
Authors V. K. Khilchevskyi, V. V. Leta, O. V. Pylypovych and M. R. ZabokrytskaSummaryThe transboundary river Tisza, whose headwaters are located in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine, is the largest left tributary of the Danube and plays an important ecological role in its basin. Apart from Ukraine, the Tisza River basin is located in Romania, Hungary, Slovakia and Serbia.
The significance of studying the formation of the chemical composition and quality of water in the upper reaches of the Tisza River is that it gives an idea of the chemical composition and quality of water in the river, which then flows through the territory of neighboring countries. The chemical composition of the water in the upper reaches of the Tisza River is formed under the influence of high humidity (average annual precipitation is about 1200 mm) and the spread of salt-poor flysch rocks.
The surface waters of the upper reaches of the Tisza River, studied at four monitoring points (Black Tisza - Yasinia, White Tisza - Lugy, Tisza - Rakhiv, Tisza - Tiachiv) are hydrocarbonate calcium, moderately fresh with an average mineralization of 192–248. mg∙dm-3. The clearest connection between hydrological and hydrochemical regimes is manifested for the main ions and mineralization of water.
In case of physicochemical parameters, biogenic substances, trace elements, we can only talk about trends. The results of the study are of great practical importance, in particular for development of a new Tisza River Basin Management Plan; consideration of environmental programs to improve water quality in the Tisza River basin.
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Multidimensional Geoinformation Modeling of Public Transport in Bila Tserkva
Authors D. Liashenko, B. Tykhonenko, O. Palienko, P. Trofymenko and T. MalikSummaryThe paper is devoted to modern methods of public transport modelling with Geographic Information System (GIS). The developed algorithm was tested in the Bila Tserkva city transport system analysis using free volunteer spatial data (Open Street map). Our goal was to model the location of city population and public transport stops in Bila Tserkva city in Ukraine. The spatial analysis allows to visualize city population density and public transport stops for potential passengers all over the city. We estimate city population access to the public transport and crate transport stops availability zones with buffer analysis. The knowledge obtained in this study is applying techniques to create the multidimensional geoinformation city transport model in order to find out the future public transport optimized pattern in the city. The algorithm proposed can help city officials to minimize traffic congestion and environmental pollution.
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A New Land-Cover Classification Approach in UAV-based Remote Sensing for Solution Ecological Tasks
More LessSummaryNowadays application of UAVs gives a possibility to achieve data with a very high accuracy for solution of different ecological and agricultural problems. The classification of incomplete and high conflicting sources is one of the most important and difficult procedures in Remote Sensing. It has been proposed the new classification approach to applying Dezert-Smarandache Theory in UAV-based remote sensing problems. The classical Dezert-Smarandache fusion rule has been considered in this work. It has been noted, that this theory processes the contradictory information an deals with exhaustive and not mutually exclusive hypotheses. The numerical example has been considered in this work too. The proposed approach to applying the Dezert-Smarandache Theory in land-cover classification can be applied in numerous agricultural tasks, pest control in forestry, prevention of natural disasters, such as forest fires.
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Monitoring the Nexus Between Forest Loss, Land Cover Dynamics, and Climatic Changes by GEE GIS Facilities for the Landscape Planning Implementation
More LessSummaryAt the current time, in Ukraine, the semi-natural problem of climatic changes and forest loss affects land cover. Land degradation increases significantly and results in forest loss which leads to a reduction in biodiversity and land productivity. This study was therefore designed to explore the forest loss and climatic change dynamics to estimate mean annual deforestation rates and identify forest-loss hotspot areas within the northern part of the Sumy region in Ukraine, and finally, evaluate the impact of climatic changes on forest loss. The dynamics of land cover change were used as an input for measuring forest loss by employing the combination of geospatial technologies. For this, the dataset of Terra Climate (1970–2020), global dataset MOD11A1.006, Global Forest Change (2000–2021), Landsat, and Sentinel images were used. Monthly Climate, Climatic Water Balance for Terrestrial Surfaces, NDVI, NDWI, treecover, and forestloss were generated and visualized by using the inspiring instrument Google Earth Engine. Results showed that the annual forest loss increased at the national, regional, and local levels at 2 944.67, 79.97, and 13.32 respectively each the next five years. The built maps were used for identifying crop management and conservation factor as a source of data for the landscape planning implementation.
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The Trubizh River Revitalization after the Drainage and Combined Irrigation System Operation
Authors S. Shevchuk and T. MatiashSummaryIn recent decades, small and even medium-sized rivers are completely or partially disappearing as a result of a large anthropogenic load, artificial reshaping of riverbeds, drainage reclamation, excessive water intake for economic purposes, construction of reservoirs, industrial facilities, highways, deforestation, etc.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of climate change includes assessment of changes in water flows in the river basin, flow forecasting using observation data, and analysis of remote sensing data since the state of medium and small rivers determines the state of the entire river network of the country.
The main goal of the study is to determine the impact of climate change on the change in water levels and the mode of operation of the pumping stations of the Trubіzh River basin, which have changed under the influence of anthropogenic load. The main tasks to be solved include is to focus strategic efforts on the intensification and planning of the gradual restoration and revitalization of the excessively regulated Trubizh River.
Problematic issues that arise during the revitalization of small and medium-sized rivers are considered, partial revitalization of the catchment area and the channel of the Trubizh River is proposed, and an appropriate action plan is proposed.
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Analysis of Homogeneity and Stationarity of Freeze-Up Observation Series in the Prypiat River Basin within Ukraine
Authors L. O. Gorbachova and O. O. AfteniukSummaryThe investigation of the formation conditions, tendencies of freeze-up on the rivers is of very practical importance, because it has an impact on hydropower, shipping, fisheries, etc. Such studies are relevant for the Prypiat River basin (within Ukraine), because the last investigation of freeze-up was carried out more than 10 years ago. In this paper results of the complex analysis of freeze-up observation series tendencies investigations based on using the statistical and graphical methods in the Prypiat River basin are represented. So, for the research the Mann-Kendall non-parametric statistical test, mass curve, residual mass curve and combined graphs. Such an approach allows us to obtain more reliable results of research. In the Prypiat River basin the freeze-up observation series of 29 gauges were used with the period of records from the beginning of the observations to 2020 inclusive. In the Prypiat River basin the majority freeze-up observation series are quasi-homogeneous and quasi-stationary, as it has only an increase and a decrease phases of long-term cyclical fluctuations, which are also unfinished. Since the 90th years of the past century the appearance of the freeze-up occurs at later dates, the break-up of freeze-up occurs at earlier dates which causes shortening of its duration.
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Approbation of the Method for Ensuring Operational Reliability and Evaluating the Residual Life of Drill String Elements
Authors Ja. S. Grydzhuk, A. P. Dzhus, A. R. Yurych, L. R. Yurych, A. I. Riznychuk and O. P. PylypakaSummaryConducted industrial tests of a prototype of a device for measuring forces in a drill string confirmed its operability and the possibility of using it as a tool for obtaining data to assess the effectiveness of drilling operations and equipment operating conditions. The obtained amplitude-frequency characteristics of the oscillations make it possible to isolate individual components from the signal, to conduct a qualitative assessment of the operation and state of the bit structure with the possibility of further analysis of its effect on the oscillatory processes in the system.
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Factors of Controlling Polymetallic Mineralization on the Example of the Dalnegorsky (Far East) and Uspensky (Central Kazakhstan) Ore Districts
Authors V. Mykhailov and A. YessendossovaSummaryAs a result of the comparative characteristics of the Dalnegorsky (Far East) and Uspensky (Central Kazakh-stan) ore districts, the factors and criteria, the patterns of distribution, formation and localization of polymetal-lic deposits have been clarified. It has been established that the main factors of polymetallic mineralization are structural, lithological-stratigraphic, igneous and metasomatic ones manifested at different levels of the ore substance organization at different times, in different geological and structural conditions. The studies carried out allow recommending the findings regarding the factors of polymetallic mineralization as scientific and methodological foundations for forecasting and prospecting for lead-zinc deposits in other regions of the world, including Ukraine. The new data obtained on the Atasu type of deposits in Kazakhstan make it possible to resolve successfully a lot of issues of such polymetallic deposits genesis, to show their relationship and pat-terns of formation in connection with submarine volcanic activity.
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Monitoring the Impact of Military Actions on the Environment Using GIS and Remote Earth Sensing Methods
Authors V. Semeniaka, V. Zatserkovnyi and L. IlyinSummaryThanks to the methods of remote sensing of the Earth and geoinformation technologies, the possibilities of monitoring the impact of military actions on the environment were investigated.
This topic is currently the most relevant because it allows for the shortest possible time to assess and predict various emergency situations that may be caused by military actions, namely: fires, water pollution, air pollution, and others.
These data and the methodology itself can further help in monitoring this situation, as well as in the implementation of appropriate measures to prevent the deterioration of the ecological environment.
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Research of Criteria for Assessing the Quality of Supervised Classification of Aerospace Images Based on a Nonlinear Scheme of Compromises
Authors I. Puleko, V. Chumakevych, V. Ptashnyk, R. Osadchuk and I. IschenkoSummaryProcessing of aerospace images, the results of which are used in various branches of the national economy, is an urgent task today. Very often, when processing images of remote sensing of the Earth, it is necessary to carry out a supervised classification of areas of the earth’s surface according to certain characteristics (for example forest, grass, field, swamp, water, concrete, etc.). The problem of high-quality classification of areas of the earth’s surface on high-resolution images is quite complex and does not have an unambiguous solution. Therefore, as a rule, several methods are used to solve it.
Choosing the best method for multi-class classification of aerial imagery is a challenging task. Traditionally, the best solution was to use a set of metrics. However, for non-experts and beginners, the correct application of a set of metrics is also very difficult, as the results are often contradictory. Therefore, the scalar metrics for assessing the quality of the supervised classification of aerospace images based on a nonlinear scheme of compromises were investigated in the paper.
The first NSC0 criterion is formed by nonlinear convolution of the elements of the confusion matrix.
The second criterion NSC1 is also formed from the confusion matrix, but favours the correct solutions by introducing weights.
For the third criterion, it is proposed to use the known quality indicators as partial criteria of classification quality: accuracy, recall, precision and F1.
The conducted studies showed that to assess the quality of the classification of aerospace images, it is advisable to use the developed quality indicator NSC2, which is a scalar nonlinear convolution of known quality indicators, such as accuracy, recall, precision, and F1. This indicator allows you to give preference to one or another classification method when the values of typical indicators almost coincide or have contradictions.
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Migration of Average Annual Rotation Poles of Antarctic Plate during 1995-2021 by GNSS Data
By I. SavchynSummaryIn the study, the calculation and analysis of the average annual rotation poles of the Antarctic plate during 1995-2021 was performed to study the dynamics of their change over time. It was established that the decrease in angular velocity is synchronous with the reduction in latitude and vice versa. By changing these parameters, the angular momentum of the Antarctic plate is obviously adjusted. It has been confirmed that rotation poles of the Antarctic plate are dynamic parameters, however, for a precise determination of the factors that cause such dynamics, it is necessary to conduct additional research. The presented algorithm and the obtained values of the recent rotation poles of the Antarctic plate can be used to develop new and refine existing models of plate movements and coordinate systems, as well as to forecast the movements of the Earth’s crust on a global scale. A promising direction for further research is to determine the recent rotation poles of other plates and establish the relationship between them.
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Monitoring and Modelling of Environmental Pollution in the Southern Regions of Ukraine
Authors Ie. Khlobystov, L. Horoshkova, V. Varianichko, K. Skrynchenko, S. Horoshkov and L. TsurikaSummaryTo model the situation with the emissions of air pollutants taking into account the identified trends of the emissions of air pollutants and the main impact factors, the approximation, smoothing dynamics and trend line of Microsoft Excel were applied to determine regression equations and check significance and accuracy of the built models. Statistical modelling of air pollution safety limits was applied as well. To determine the factors affecting emissions of air pollutants, the index of cross-correlation was used. It has been proven that the regional ecological condition impacted by the emissions of air pollutants depends on the priority types of economic activity.
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Monitoring in Ensuring Natural Capital Risk Management: System of Indicators of Socio-Ecological and Economic Security
Authors A. Yakymchuk, L. Kuzmych, P. Skrypchuk, A. Kister, N. Khumarova and Y. YakymchukSummaryThe economic-mathematical model of the influence of budget funding of air protection and climate change mitigation and the volume of emissions of pollutants and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere has been developed. Decision-making methodology in the sphere of financing and preservation of natural capital has been ordered.
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Problems of Municipal Water Intake in Nemyriv, Ukraine
Authors B. D. Stetsenko, V. M. Shestopalov and Yu. F. RudenkoSummaryThe results of the studies of the exploitable resources of groundwater in fractured Precambrian crystalline rocks in area of Nemyriv, performed for the period 1975–2021 by various organizations. Of the five hypothetically promising areas, discovered in 1975 by the regional geophysical surveys, for subsequent detailed hydrogeological exploration and constructing the municipal water intake was selected the fragment of the Ustya floodplain near the ancient Scythian settlement. However, when this water intake began to operate it was found that when increasing groundwater production from Precambrian fractured crystalline rocks, its quality dangerously deteriorates.. Studies in recent years have shown that the deterioration of water quality in producing wells of municipal water intake is due to poor natural protection against pollution of productive aquifer near the ancient Scythian settlement, and its incorrect location of this water intake relative to Nemyriv and the fish ponds in the floodplain of the Ustya River. The author of the report believes that in order to remedy the current situation, it is necessary to consider in more detail other previously identified hypothetically promised areas around Nemyriv and move the municipal water intake to another place more protected from pollutions.
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Studying the Tectonics of Transcarpathians based on Precise Relocation of Small Earthquakes
By A. GnypSummaryThe differential and source terms locations of two series of recurrent earthquakes in the east and west of the Transcarpathians have been calculated. Most of the effort has been focused on improving the reliability of differential arrivals in records with very low signal-to-noise ratio. To reduce the effect of correlated noise, adaptive filtering of records was proposed. The maximum correlation criterion for estimation of the differential arrivals was modified to include a minimum departure from the calculated arrivals. Time drift at some stations, as well as problematic arrivals, were discovered based on analysis of intervals between P-wave arrivals of the same earthquakes at different stations. The tectonic interpretation of the differential locations and focal mechanisms give reason to assume that both series were most likely related to the faults of the pre-Neogene basement parallel to the Carpathian arc.
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Analysis of the Correlation between Lineaments and Earthquake Epicenters in the Marche Region (Italy) Using Remote Sensing Tools
Authors H. Ostapenko, V. Zatserkovnyi and M. de DonatisSummaryEarthquake prediction and monitoring of seismic activity remains one of the most difficult problems in the geosciences. Progress in the study of dangerous geological processes is closely related to the use of remote sensing materials (RSMs), which make it possible to identify and analyze relationships, rank different geological structures, etc. In this regard, today the development of new approaches to the study of earthquakes and their forecasting using GIT based on RS< and software for their processing is widely used. One of the promising areas of research is the study of decipherable networks of lineaments on satellite images.
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Monitoring of Urban Heat Islands Using Remote Sensing Technologies
Authors S. Sakhniuk, D. Tovstonoh, O. Monastyrova and V. ZatserkovnyiSummaryGiven the potential danger posed by urban heat islands, it is important to calculate, develop and implement a number of precautions. From the study, it also becomes clear that continuous monitoring of UHI in cities is necessary, since even in short periods of time significant changes can occur. In addition, the influence of one of the factors — green spaces, on UHI, on the example of the city of Kyiv, was analyzed in detail, namely, the dependence of surface temperatures on the plant index and the leaf area index was revealed, and changes in temperatures and the number of tree plantations were also found. The conclusion was an understanding of the significance of the influence of this factor on the temperature of the city and confirmation of the need to resolve this issue.
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The use of GIS and Remote Sensing Data in Determining the Condition of Green Areas in Kyiv
Authors N. Korohoda, O. Halahan and O. KovtoniukSummaryIn a normal condition, the ecosystem performs all its functions, and therefore provides its maximum benefits to the population - ecosystem services (ES). Approached to the natural, green areas have the greatest potential to provide ES and can continue to effectively provide ES for a longer period of time. The purpose of this work is to determine the condition of city green areas as a potential opportunity for their provision of ES. To determine whether the condition of green areas is consistent with their natural norm, we used the following datasets: map of restored landscapes of Kyiv and global land cover map for 2020 at 10 m resolution based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data. According to such data we determined the part of the green areas, in which there is a coincidence between the natural vegetation of the territory and the current vegetation of the land cover map. This indicates how much the vegetation of the green areas of Kyiv corresponds to the natural vegetation of the territory. As a result, maps showing the condition of city green areas were created. The results of such assessment will prioritize the actual condition of green areas in the planning of nature management.
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Monitoring and Modeling of Infrastructure Indicators Development of United Territorial Communities
Authors L. Horoshkova, Ie. Khlobystov, S. Shvydka, O. Menshov, D. Tarasenko and A. SumetsSummaryA study of the dynamics of state support for infrastructure development of UTC, development expenditures (capital expenditures) and the effectiveness of the current mechanism for calculating the infrastructure subvention on the example of Zaporizhya region and identified the relationship between infrastructure subvention and development expenditures (capital expenditures). It is established that the current mechanism for determining the size of the infrastructure subvention, when it is determined depending on the size of the rural population and the area of UTC is ineffective. It is proved that it is necessary to assess the parameters of sustainable development of OTG not only by traditional components, which are economic, environmental and social, but also by the infrastructural component. For this purpose, an integrated indicator of sustainable infrastructural development of each individual UTC, district or region is proposed, which would allow comparing OTG indicators not only within a district or region, but also between regions of Ukraine. Its definition is carried out using the apparatus of fuzzy set theory.
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Risk Management and Lost Profits Calculations of Business Entities
Authors L. Horoshkova, D. Antoniuk, O. Vasyl’yeva, S. Markova and L. FilipishynaSummaryThe methodology of lost profits assessment for a business entity as a result of military actions (aggression) has been developed. The methodology includes calculation of business entity`s main operational indicators (groups of indicators) based on the analysis of its financial, accounting and tax reporting. It also takes into account the peculiarities and types of business activity when calculating the lost profits.
When calculating the lost profits, it is advisable to take into account the specifics of doing business in various sectors of national economy. Qualified personnel loss and additional training costs play an important role in manufacturing; service sector could make no gain without damage or property loss; agricultural sector is the most vulnerable sector in terms of lost profits caused by the war, as well as the most complicated field to calculate the lost profits due to the large number of impact factors to be taken into consideration.
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Ecoregional Biodiversity Monitoring
Authors L. Bilous, V. Samoilenko, P. Shyshchenko and O. HavrylenkoSummaryIt is necessary to understand the place of the territory of Ukraine in the system of the world ecoregional order, the peculiarities of the territorial organization of habitats in the section of Ukraine ecoregions, the role and importance of cross-border cooperation for the creation of the Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS). Ecoregions are areas of general similarity in ecosystems and in the type, quality, and quantity of environmental resources. They serve as a spatial framework for the research, assessment, management, and monitoring of ecosystems and ecosystem components. Habitat diversity, defined by the EUNIS classification system, is the basis for the division of ecoregions. 12 ecoregions were defined as existing on the territory of Ukraine (6 - terrestrial, 6 - freshwater, 1 - marine). For each ecoregion, an important issue is international cooperation on problems of biodiversity monitoring and protection. As part of such cooperation, it is necessary for each of the countries to carry out identification and inventory of habitats in terms of ecoregions. There are a number of methods of such an inventory. Field mapping, typically based on the mapping of habitat types. Remote sensing, a more recent, technologically sophisticated way to collect information on habitats is based on computer-aided interpretation and visualization of satellite imagery. The synthesis of information about the location of habitats can be carried out in the process of spatial analysis. The digital elevation model (DEM) is a source of information for the synthesis of a hierarchical territorial system of ecoregion habitats. We propose the method of standard deviation for classification of DEM in ArcGIS and modeling of the habitat “draw”. Priority regions for the organization of the BMS in Ukraine are the European-Mediterranean Montane Forests (the mountainous territories of the Crimean and Carpathian regions) and the Danube River Delta. The specified regions are part of the list of Global 200. The technique for territorial identification of habitats proposed by us will be particularly effective for the Danube River Delta region, which is part of the Dniester - Lower Danube ecoregion.
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Geoinformation Mapping of the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine Based on National Geospatial Data Infrastructure
Authors M. Kyryliuk and E. BondarenkoSummaryAn approach to the creation/use of a thematic set of computer information characterizing the objects of the country’s natural reserve fund as a component of its national geospatial data infrastructure (NGDI) are presented. It is defined as a modern geoinformation resource and, at the same time, a cartographic service of wide application, implemented by means of geographic information systems (GIS) with web-mapping functions based on geoportal technology (for the possibilities of use).
The most important factors that gave a real impetus to the creation of geospatial data infrastructures with the possibility of conducting geoinformation mapping based on them are highlighted: a constant increase in the amount of data that describes various components of reality (including those related to environmental protection activities); rapid development of the Internet; further improvement of the functionality of the software, which belongs to the class of GIS.
The requirements for data sets, which reflect the features of nature conservation areas in the structure of the NGDI, are indicated. Their specificity is indicated, which unambiguously identifies the relevant objects and territories of the NRF in the country through the elements of the geometric (spatial) component.
A well-established algorithm for mapping NRF based on NGDI has been developed.
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Monitoring of the Ecological State of the Desenka River Within the Desnyansko-Starogutskyi National Nature Park
Authors O. Biedunkova, M. Klymenko, A. Pryshchepa and I. StatnykSummaryThe results of long-term monitoring of the water ecosystem of the Desenka River within the Desnyansko-Starogutskyi National Nature Park are presented. During 2015–2019, the hydrochemical indicators of the quality of surface waters of the river met the standards. The exception was iron content, which is a regional geochemical feature. The main attention was paid to indicators of fish homeostasis. Six types of fish were studied, which are the most massive in catches: common roach, common bleak, common rudd, silver crucian carp, common bream, european perch. The morphological homeostasis of representatives of these fish species was assessed by the levels of fluctuating asymmetry of bilateral meristic features. The results confirmed that the quality of its environment is assessed as “conditionally normal”. Cytogenetic homeostasis of fish was assessed by nuclear disorders of peripheral blood erythrocytes. As a result of the micronucleus test, we noticed that the levels of nuclear disorders in the fish were at the level of spontaneous mutagenesis. In the complex, all the results allowed us to maintain the health of the aquatic ecosystem. Since military operations are taking place today in the territory where we conducted the research, the results of the presented monitoring can be useful in assessing the consequences of military operations for hydroecosystems.
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Use of Geological-Geophysical Tectonic Information for Modernization of Integrated Environmental Monitoring Systems of Technogenic Loaded Regions of Ukraine
Authors P. Pihulevskyi, O. Tiapkin and L. AnisimovaSummaryAt present the development of an integrated system of environmental monitoring of technogenically loaded territories is being actively continued in Ukraine. Main tasks of modern monitoring are principally related to investigations of near-surface conditions and processes. But complete investigations of main components of the environment is impossible without geological-geophysical information about fault-block features of Earth’s crust. With the catalog of geological-geophysical indicators of Earth’s crust faults systems and the unified scale of “weights” of various groups of these indicators, the weights of all indicators of different fault systems and individual fault directions of these systems, their averaged sums can be determined for fault-block “fragmentation” of upper part of Earth’s crust any part of Ukrainian shield. On the example of southern part of Orikhiv-Pavlograd juncture zone of Ukrainian Shield near Zaporizhzhya nuclear power plant, it is shown that the obtained results of such “fragmentation” explain the spatial difference between radioactive anomalies Th232 and Ra226 and determine the elements of methodology and the tasks of geological-geophysical research in further integrated environmental monitoring.
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Monitoring of Environmental Risks of Facilities of the Oil and Gas Complex of The Carpathian Region of Ukraine
Authors Ya. Bazhaluk, O. Mandryk, B. Karpinskyi, Yu. Voloshyn and H. HrytsuliakSummaryThe paper proposes the use of a complex of equipment with the use of laser hydrocarbon detectors for the operational determination of environmental risks of objects of the oil and gas complex of the Carpathian region of Ukraine. Such objects include old wells with broken tightness, which were drilled in the Carpathian region of Ukraine, Poland and Romania in the 19th and 20th centuries. and their coordinates were lost. In order to obtain reliable information about their location and the level of pollution in the territory of the region, it is proposed to use a measuring complex based on a quadcopter, equipped with hydrocarbon measurement detectors for the operational determination of the most polluted zones as part of a methane laser detector, Lidar equipment and a GPS navigator.
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Numerical Modeling of Ground Water Flow and Heat Transfer in the Flooded Mine as the Site for Geothermal System Installation
Authors D. Rudakov and O. InkinSummaryThis study presents the 3D numerical model of ground water flow and heat transfer in a former coal mine being flooded and considered as the promising site for geothermal system installation. The developed model created in the Modflow software reproduces spatial heterogeneity of mined out rocks and flow characteristics on the site of mine nr. 2 “Novohrodivs’ka” in the Donetsk coal basin. The model was balanced with the available data on mine water level rebound. The temperature of mine water drained to maintain a safe water level to prevent flooding and salinization of the upper aquifer is expected to range from 18 to 21ºC, which is consistent with the indicators of the geothermal system at the Blagodatna mine in Western Donbas. It was shown by modeling, that active water withdrawal may lead to replacing warm mine waters with colder infiltration water and gradual slight lowering of its temperature and decreasing the maximum thermal capacity.
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Geospatial Analysis for Recreational Resources Assessment of the Khortytsia National Reserve
Authors D. Liashenko, P. Trofymenko, L. Plichko, O. Slavinska and S. KozodavovSummaryThe paper is devoted to methods of recreation resources modelling and assessment with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The geospatial analysis is used for Khortytsia National Reserve territory zoning. GIS environment allows combination of volunteer spatial data (Open Street map, wikiloc.com), remote sensing data, represent it visually and prepare for decisions making. The paper explains the map creation process for the location of recreation resources (beaches, shrubs, forest, grasslands, rocks, river landscapes, historical and cultural points of interest in the Khortytsia National Reserve). The geospatial analysis allows distinguishing four functional zones: natural or semi-natural landscapes, tourist infrastructure, historical heritage, leisure. The information obtained in this study is one step towards landscape planning and territory use optimization. The algorithm proposed can help Khortytsia National Reserve staff manage the reserve territory.
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Effect of Environment Ph on the Release Rate of Components of Encapsulated Mineral Fertilizers
Authors V. Sabadash, J. Gumnitsky and O. KonovalovSummaryThe paper presents the studies of the masstransfer in the soil medium. The physical model of releasing the component into the liquid medium was described, and the mathematical model of the second stage of extraction of nutrients from the encapsulated particle was developed. We studied that an increased pH of the medium increases the rate of release of the component. This explains by the change in the structure of the polymer coating. This fact can be used to adjust the release time of the component. This study is significant because many soils differ in properties, such as acidity and moisture. We established that an alkaline liquid environment increases the release of the component from the nitrocellulose capsules. An analytical solution to the mathematical model of the process of extracting a component from encapsulated particles through a polymer shell into a liquid medium was found. The kinetic coefficients of the mathematical model were calculated based on the release rate value at different film thicknesses and pH. The obtained values can be used in determining the thickness of the polymer coating, given the specific physical and chemical properties of the environment and the required rate of substance accumulation in the environment.
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Enviromagnetic Study of the Reference Ukrainian Loess-Palaeosol Sequence at Stari Kaydaky
Authors N. Gerasimenko, D. Hlavatskyi, V. Bakhmutov, W.A.P. Wimbledon, I. Poliachenko and O. BonchkovskyiSummaryThe loess-palaeosol sequence at Stari Kaydaky is located in the southernmost margin of the penultimate glaciation in the Dnipro Lowland. The ca. 28-m thick exposure comprises loess intercalated with eight major pedocomplexes. Here we present new magnetostratigraphic, pedostratigraphic and palynological results which demonstrate the importance of the site for long-term palaeoclimatic record. Palaeomagnetic data, obtained through thermal and alternating field demagnetisation, demonstrates the presence of normal polarity within the entire profile studied indicating a Brunhes chron age of this interval. The new magnetic susceptibility record and palaeopedology below 17.5 m depth indicate the deposition of the well-developed Upper Shyrokyne (SK-S7), Martonosha (SK-S6), Lubny (SK-S5) and Lower Zavadivka (SK-S4) soil units (more than 3 m thick each). The section provides a rare opportunity to investigate short- and long-term climatic changes over the early Middle Pleistocene in the region. Therefore, the Stari Kaydaky section can be considered as one of the reference climatic archives in Europe.
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The Network of State Surface Water Monitoring Points in the Upper Reaches of the Tisza River: Conditions, Changes, Innovations
Authors V. V. Leta, P. V. Kucher, M. M. Karabiniuk, M. R. Salyuk and M. M. KachailoSummaryAn important component of environmental policy in Ukraine in the context of European integration is an establishment of a state water monitoring system taking into account international standards. The system of state water monitoring in Ukraine, after the approval in 2018 of the “Procedure for implementation of state water monitoring”, underwent significant changes regarding the methodology, the procedure for conducting observations, their frequency (monthly water sampling), the distribution of powers for monitoring subjects and groups of indicators.
The studies that were carried out in the headwaters of the transboundary river Tisza shows that the number of water monitoring points in the basin of the river Tisza within the Rakhiv district of Transcarpathian region decreased by 2 times after 2018. At the same time, the program of state water monitoring has become more complex, because observations must be carried out according to biological, physicochemical, chemical, and hydromorphological indicators. Modernization of state water monitoring, taking into account the international experience of observations on transboundary rivers brings the water sector of Ukraine closer to international standards, which is an important aspect of integration into the European space.
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Application of the Natl Index for Long-Term Forecasting of Freeze-Up Appearance Date at the Kyiv Reservoir
Authors B. F. Khrystiuk and L. O. GorbachovaSummaryAt the Kyiv Reservoir, the long-term forecasts of freeze-up appearance dates are very important for hydropower, shipping, fisheries, utilities, etc. In Ukraine, the methodological approaches that are now used for long-term forecasting of the ice regime on the water bodies were developed in the 40s–70s of the 20th century. They need a radical reworking based on new scientific and methodological principles and modern technological approaches. In this paper results of the development of the methodology for long-term forecasting of freeze-up appearance date at the Kyiv Reservoir with the use of Northern Hemisphere Teleconnection Patterns, the monthly atmospheric and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) indices are represented. Dependencies of the freeze-up appearance dates at the Strakholissia water gauge from the minimum air temperature at the Chornobyl meteorological station in the first half of November as well as from the NATL index in September were determined. The obtained prognostic dependencies make it possible to predict the freeze-up appearance date at the Kyiv Reservoir with satisfactory accuracy, which makes their practical application possible. Note that one can expect that on the forecasting accuracy of freeze-up appearance date by the minimum air temperature will be affected by the forecasting accuracy of air temperature itself. It will increase the forecast error.
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Influence of Natural Hazards on the Infrastructure Facilities of Pokut Carpathians
Authors Z. V. Hostiuk, O. O. Burianyk and M. M. KarabiniukSummaryThis article presents the results of own field research, which determined the impact of natural hazards on the infrastructure facilities of Pokut Carpathians. Based on the decoding of space images, three types of land were determined: forests, meadows and built-up areas, which occupy about a fifth of 19.3%. A more detailed deciphering of the territory was carried out in the key part of Bukovets-Ritskyi landscape, where a few more types of land were distinguished: forests, meadows, cuttings, plough lands, buildings, dirt roads and asphalt roads. The studied landscape is representative for Pokut Carpathians, buildings are placed evenly throughout the territory, and not concentrated in river valleys, as in other regions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. In addition to a peculiar settlement in this landscape, frequent dangerous physical and geographical processes of a geological and hydrological nature, which are characteristic of Pokut Carpathians, are recorded in this landscape – these are landslides, mudslides, erosion and floods. Eight landslides were recorded on the Bukovets-Ritsky ridge and two on the slopes of Ternoshora Mount. Lateral and bottom erosion and floods develop intensively in the bottoms of rivers, which provoke the occurrence of erosion, and linear erosion is often manifested in steep banks. All these processes, taking into account the settlement of the territory, lead to the destruction and neutralization of infrastructure facilities. Commercial buildings, roads, bridges, power lines and agricultural lands are most often destroyed. Analyzing the influence of natural hazards on the infrastructure facilities of Pokut Carpathians, it was found that the studied territory is characterized by a moderate category of influence of dangerous physical and geographical processes on the infrastructure of the region. The key area has been assigned a strong category of damage from the effects of natural hazards.
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On the Prospects of Hydrocarbons and Natural Hydrogen Deposits Discovery in Prospecting Areas Near the City of Vasilkyv According to Research Data Using Direct-Prospecting Methods
Authors I. M. Korchagin and M. A. YakymchukSummaryThe results of reconnaissance survey of a local site and big blocks in region of Vasilkyv town are presented. Experimental studies were carried out with the aim of additional approbation of direct-prospecting methods and improvement of methodology of their application in the exploration process for oil, gas and natural hydrogen. The results of frequency-resonance processing of photograph and satellite images of survey site and blocks indicate that it is promising for hydrocarbon detection of in cross-section. In northern part of research area, a basalt volcanic complex has been localized, which is promising for natural hydrogen and living water accumulations searching in the cross-section. During cross-section scanning, responses at gas frequencies were recorded almost without interruption up to 5 km. Near Vasilkyv city, a basalt volcano with hydrogen and living water, and a limestone-filled volcano were discovered. The results of survey indicate the advisability of direct-prospecting methods using when studying the deep structure by geoelectric and seismic methods. The proven mobile technology of satellite images and photographs frequency-resonance processing allows filling the cross-section with specific rocks (sedimentary, metamorphic and magmatic), as well as identifying areas on surface and intervals in cross-section that are promising for ore and combustible minerals prospecting.
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Econometric Modelling of the Agricultural Sector Sustainable Development
Authors O. Vasyl’yeva, M. Kuzmenko, K. Skrynchenko, S. Zapototskyi and O. MaslovaSummaryUsing the Cobb-Douglas production function, econometric analysis with eco-socio-economic factors has shown that economic growth in agriculture is associated with improved quantitative and qualitative characteristics of labour potential, growing capital investment and reducing pollutant emissions. Estimation of the elasticity coefficients of the constructed Cobb-Douglas function (the sum exceeds 1) justifies that the economic development of agriculture mainly contains the features of a large-scale economy: modern level of science and technology provides advantageous expanding production to increase output. The constructed models allow to forecast assessment of the development of the agricultural sector’s components and can be used to develop the basic directions of the state agricultural policy to manage the formation and use of resource potential.
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Results of Reconnaissance Survey by Direct-Prospecting Methods within a Prospecting Block in Cabora Bassa Basin (Zimbabwe) for Assessing the Prospects of Hydrocarbon Accumulations Detecting
More LessSummaryThe results of reconnaissance studies within areas of exploratory wells drilling in Cabora Bassa Basin (Zimbabwe) are presented. The survey of large blocks in Basin was carried out on June 11, 2022 and of drilling site – on August 1, 2022. The results of frequency-resonance processing of Zimbabwe territory fragment with a license block and photograph with drilling site allow to state that probability of receiving fluid inflows (oil, condensate, gas) in commercial volumes in two projected wells on block is close to zero! Within license block only signals at frequencies of 11th (kimberlites) group of igneous rocks and diamonds were registered. It is advisable to realize a project of reconnaissance survey of entire Zimbabwe territory in order to identify the most promising blocks for oil and gas detailed exploration. The materials of study, as well as results of previously performed experimental work at drilling sites indicate the advisability of additional use of direct-prospecting methods at stages of site selection for prospecting wells laying. The additional use of direct-prospecting methods during sites selection for prospecting wells laying makes it possible to detect the most optimal zones, as well as assess the feasibility of planned wells drilling within a promising structure.
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Dynamics of Hydromorphological Parameters of Lakes of Shatsk National Nature Park (1933–2021)
Authors L. V. Ilyin and O. V. IlyinaSummaryMorphometry of hollows is an important factor that forms the hydrological regime and ecological state of lakes. It depends on the distribution of temperature and soluble gases in a vertical section, the components of mineralization, the content and placement of bottom sediments, features of stock processes, species composition and biomass of macrophytic and planktonic groups, etc. The shape of the basin, area, volume, depth belong to the main morphometric indicators of lakes.
The explored lakes are located in the north-west of Ukraine within the Shatsk National Nature Park (Ukraine). The results of the study show a change in the most important morpho-morphometric parameters of all lakes for the period from 1933 to 2021. It was established that most lakes have experienced a decrease in the values of morphometric and hydrological parameters (maximum length and width, area, volume of water, etc.) over 88 years.
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Using the Geopolariton Tomography Based on Uav to Explore and Monitor Coalfield Subsurface Structures in Shaanxi, China
Authors S. I. Prokopenko, O. O. Vodopianov and X. ChenSummaryGeopolariton tomography technology is a passive geophysical method that uses nonequilibrium geopolariton radiation of the Earth to explore the stress-strain state of rocks. The use of technology makes it possible not only to assess the prospects of a mining area at the design stage of work but also to control the safety of mining operations by monitoring the stress-strain state of rocks. This exploration was carried out to identify the subsurface structures of a coalfield as part of the project 2022-05-JSFU-01 commissioned by Yulin University, China. Aerogeophysical work was carried out in Shaanxi Province in northern China at the licensed area of the mining company Shenmu Shimengou Mining Co., Ltd. Shaanxi is among the provinces with abundant coal resources. An area of 2.5 km2 was investigated according to the geological task. As a result of the study, in the coalfield, at a depth of 127 m, abandoned mine workings were found. According to the obtained geophysical information, the coal mining design plans for this section of coalfield have been adjusted. Coalfield monitoring agreements were achieved. Ministry of Emergency Management published a recommendation for using geopolariton tomography to monitor the safety of underground mines.
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Methodological Bases for Monitoring the Ecological State of the Geological Environment in the Mine Flooding Zone of Donbas Under the Influence of Armed Conflict
Authors E. Yakovlev, S. Chumachenko, A. Kodrik, V. Ermakov, A. Borysov and V. DermanSummaryOne of the most important directions for the development and operation of ecological monitoring of the natural environment in technogenically overloaded regions, primarily mining regions, is the determination of the ecological parameters state of geological environment and the provision of reliable environmental information.
The environmental monitoring system (EMS) is of the most important directions for the development and operation of ecological monitoring of the natural environment in technogenically overloaded regions, primarily mining regions, is the determination of the ecological parameters state of geological environment and the provision of reliable environmental information for the assessment of the life activity safety (LAS) of citizens.
Monitoring of the ecological state of the GE in the mine flooding zone of Donbas in case of irreversible disruption of the ecological parameters of the subsoil in the area of hostilities in the general hierarchical structure refers to local, object and regional monitoring and is a complex system. Therefore, it includes observation, evaluation and forecasting of changes in the ecological state of the geological component of natural-technogenic-made geosystems (NTGS) “mining complex-geological environment” and the corresponding response of ecosystems to these changes, which are primarily related to the impact of flooding mines, dangerous factors and pollution of military origin and unsatisfactory land use in these territory.
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Geoelectrical Model of the Zvizdal-Zaliska and Brusylivka Fault Zones of the Ukrainian Shield
Authors T. Burakhovych, V. Ilienko and A. KushnirSummaryIn order to study the deep structure of the geoelectrically complex junction zone of three megablocks of the western part of the Ukrainian shield (Volyn’, Podil, and Ros’), the three-dimensional model of the central part of the Zvizdal-Zaliska and Brusyliv fault zones was created. It is based on modern experimental observations of the low-frequency Earth’s natural electromagnetic field in a wide range of periods. The main issues of the geoelectrical modeling methodology using the Mtd3fwd software complex were considered, such as model elements, stages, alternative models, examples of calculations and observed data comparison, errors, etc. It was established that there are connections between conductivity and structural features of the Zvizdal-Zaliska, Brusyliv, Nemyriv fault zones, the Samgorod fault and the Kocheriv synclinorium. Most of the isolated conductors appear in a mosaic pattern along the extended fault zones and form interspersed chains of high and low resistivity. Most of the anomalies coincide with ore occurrences, ore-bearing fields and mineral deposits.
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New Results of Modeling Electrical Characteristics of the Atmosphere Based on Remote Sensing Data
Authors T. Bilyi, Yu. Zelenin, V. Shpyg and K. HudaSummaryOn the basis of experimental data vertical distribution electric field strength of the atmosphere, the applied problem of fitting constants in the model of the average self-consistent electric field is solved. The model is based on the nonlinear Poisson equation. Such an approach is not trivial because generally known in meteorology interpolation exponential functions describing the empirical distribution of the electrical characteristics of the atmosphere not quite correctly reproduce the experimental data. The verification of the constants was carried out based on two different experimental data sets of aircraft and Balloon sounding of the electric field intensity of the atmosphere. The values match well despite the fact that the results of the calculations were carried out using different measurement methods, spatial distribution and for different years. It is also shown that the results of the vertical distribution of dielectric constant correlate well with the vertical distribution of ozone partial pressure. For the first time the relationship between the vertical distribution of the polarization term and the partial pressure of ozone has been obtained which requires further study.
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Modern Geoelectromagnetic Research of Golovanivsko-Yadliv-Trachtemyrivska Suture Zone
Authors A. Kushnir, V. Ilienko and O. ChalyiSummaryThe Ukrainian shield, which is studied in the work, hides in its bowels significant reserves of ferrous, rare and precious metals. In this regard, new experimental synchronous observations using low-frequency electromagnetic methods – deep magnetotelluric soundage in a wide range of periods of the bowels joint zone northern slope of the central part Ukrainian shield and the Dnipro-Donetsk depression – were carried out. The formal interpretation of magnetotelluric soundage curves indicates the presence of both near-surface (contact zone of sedimentary deposits of the Ukrainian shield and the Dnieper-Donets depression) and deep conductive structures (the Kirovohrad anomaly in the earth’s crust and the southern bort of the Dnieper-Donetsk depression in the lower part of the crust and/or on the boundary with the upper mantle) of different orientation in space, the absence of deep anomalies of electrical conductivity of the earth’s crust and upper mantle along the line between the cities of Boryspil – Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi in the northern part of the Golovanivska (Yadlovo-Traktemirivska) suture zone may indicate the validity of the geodynamic hypothesis that it was formed under compression conditions.
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Structure and Use of the Database “Natural-Anthropogenic Processes in the Landscapes of Ukraine”
More LessSummaryNatural-anthropogenic processes are defined as the indirect consequence of human activity (anthropogenic processes), that causes, enhances or weakens natural processes. The basic scheme of the database “Natural-anthropogenic Processes in the Landscapes of Ukraine” is based on the provisions on the dependence of such processes on the content and intensity of anthropogenic impacts on landscapes. It is taken into account that the consequences of technogenic influences are dependent on the development of natural processes. The course of natural-anthropogenic processes is determined by the landscape conditions of the territory and the existing anthropogenic impacts on the landscapes. The analysis and prognosis of the development of natural anthropogenic processes are considered as the basis for the study of conditions of formation and changes of landscapes. The features of the course of natural-antropogenic processes in different landscape conditions of Ukraine are analyzed. The principles of organization are described and the main blocks of the database “Natural-anthropogenic Processes in the Landscapes of Ukraine” are characterized. The ways of using the database in the study of anthropogenic changes in landscape complexes of regional and local level are considered. The prediction of natural-anthropogenic processes is necessary to assess their influence on landscapes in substantiating the directions of development and postwar restoration of nature management.
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Modern Technologies of Internet of Things in the Restrained Urban Development for Complicated Ground Conditions
Authors I. Kaliukh, O. Voloshkina, V. Efimenko, R. Sipakov, O. Zhukova and T. KaliukhSummaryThe active development of underground urban space (the underground construction of parking lots, subways, etc.) violates the natural hydro-geological regime. Artificial barriers to groundwater filtration cause waterlogging, i. e. underground water rising. As a result, the basements are water damaged, the concrete structures corrosion accelerates, and the service life of buildings, in which the sanitary norms of their operation are not observed, becomes reduced. Consequently, in the process of buildings operation, the stress-strain state of the “base-foundation-superstructure” system undergoes the changes under the influence of the above factors, and the new one evolves. In many cases, this leads to the building structures deterioration, emergencies, and a significant reduction of the structures reliability. The general concept of the geotechnical Internet of Things (IoT) for the restrained urban conditions is offered. Their application will contribute to the deepening of the soil failures scientific understanding and will provide the accurate mapping of landslide hazard zones and their destructive potential assessment. The IoT soil failures surveys there was a variety of monitoring systems, which mainly operated as an information collection about the object or phenomenon under study. The system should disclose the stress-strain state specificity of the structures and foundation part of the building.
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Radioactive Logging Apparatus for Complex Investigations of Near-Surface Rocks
Authors M. S. Bondarenko, V. V. Kulyk, Z. M. Yevstakhevych and S. I. DiachenkoSummaryAt the Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine a modern technology has been created for investigation of grounds (near-surface rocks). The purpose of technology is solution of engineering geological problems, including seismic microzonation. Technology is based on the methods and apparatus of radioactive logging, which involves neutron-neutron logging (NNL), gamma-gamma density logging (DL) and gamma-ray logging (GR).
The abstract presents the results of the development of radioactive logging apparatus as an integral part of the new technology. Prototype three-component tool 2NNL+DL+GR, surface control and registration console were developed and produced on the basis of the modern elemental base.
The created apparatus increases the productivity and efficiency of logging operations by reducing the number of trips, digital recording, storage and transmission of information, and by using the computer programs for processing and interpreting the results of borehole measurements. The effectiveness of the developed apparatus, together with the appropriate metrological and interpretation-methodical support, has been demonstrated on specific example of borehole investigations.
The technology allows to determine the following engineering geophysical parameters: total density, dry ground density, content of shale, porosity, volume moisture, water saturation factor, groundwater level, etc.
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Cluster Analysis in the Remote Sensing Data Processing Seabed Sediments of the Northern-Western Part of the Black Sea
Authors S. Fedoseenkov, O. Shundel, S. Nevierova, Ye. I. Nasiedkin and K. SperanskaSummaryThe report shows the cluster analysis method use to classify the type of bottom from echo sounder records obtained during the survey of the Black Sea northwestern part in the research expedition “Black Sea – 2019”. This technique is based on a bottom classification process, using the analysis of the first and second bottom reflections to give an estimate of bottom type along the ship’s track. This approach is similar to that used in the RoxAnn commercial system. However, multivariate analysis is adopted when grouping bottom types instead of the distribution system commonly used in the RoxAnn system. A fuzzy cluster analysis of the data was performed on the primary data of the Lowrance HDS12 Carbon obtained during the expedition “Black Sea 2019”. According to the result of the cluster analysis, it is shown that this approach can be used for the seabed types classification.
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Extraction of Tritium from Aqueous Solutions by a Clinoptilolite-based Mineral Adsorbent
Authors I. Sevruk, O. Pushkarov and O. ZubkoSummaryThe urgent problem of protecting the environment from the impact of enterprises of the fuel nuclear power complex is the search for effective means to localize tritium from industrial wastewater. In the practice of preventing environmen-tal pollution with industrial waste, mineral adsorbents, among which a significant place is occupied by bentonite (that is, montmorillonite) and palygorskite clays and minerals from the group of zeolites (clinoptilolites and others) are wide-ly used. To increase the adsorption capacity of mineral adsorbents, various methods for their activation are being de-veloped. The possibility of thermomodification of adsorption properties of clinoptilolite of the Sokirnitsky deposit (Ukraine) is estimated by experimental studies using a tritium indicator. Experiments lasting up to 10 months were per-formed in closed stationary systems with unchanged natural clinoptilolite and a similar mineral, but thermally treated at a temperature of 110°C. Under these conditions, all tritium was in closed experimental systems, which provided an opportunity to obtain balance estimates of the distribution of tritium between the liquid phase and various structural positions of the mineral. It is shown that fractionation of hydrogen isotopes occurs in this case. The specific features of the accumulation of tritium in the structure of the zeolite are determined. It has been established that the thermal treatment of clinoptilolite contributes to an increase in the accumulation of tritium in a superficially adsorbed form, but somewhat reduces its occurrence and fixation in the mineral channels. The channel and surface adsorbed forms of finding form the main part of tritium absorbed by the mineral. The heat treatment practically does not affect the ad-sorption capacity of the structurally related form of the finding.
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System of Mobile Environmental Monitoring of the Dniester
Authors V. Trysnyuk, V. Okhariev, T. Trysnyuk, O. Konetska, V. Shumeiko and Ye. PashchenkoSummaryThe mobile environmental monitoring system is aimed at increasing the processing speed of measurement analyzes and increasing the scale of the research. The algorithm of analysis and modeling of extreme floods includes: construction of a series of hydrographic maps of the largest floods and graphs of characteristic water levels, assessment of the peculiarities of floods, formation of a database on channel morphometry and the state of flood objects. An important role is given to the assessment and forecast of the state of the Dniester and anthropogenic impacts on it in connection with such indicators as morbidity and control of pollution caused by flooding. Man-caused ecological safety of use of hydro resources and hydroecosystems in general should be based on the hydroecosystem concept of balanced nature use. GIS technologies were used to directly implement the tasks of estimating the time of penetration of pollutants into groundwater. The evaluation of the protective properties of the rocks of the aeration zone was performed by creating a spatial model to determine the relationship between objects using geoprocessing. Survey materials allow you to create 3D terrain models with an accuracy of 15–20 cm and aerial mosaics at a scale of 1: 1,000–1: 5,000.
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Hydrogeochemical Studies of the Territory of Kalush Mining Complex
Authors E. Kuzmenko, S. Bagriy, R. Mykhailiuk and M. ZasidkoSummaryThe report presents the use of hydrochemical research for assessing aquifer salinity of Quaternary sediments in Kalush mining region, which is located in Ciscarpathian area and is the only drinking horizon for Kalush city. Based on the laboratory analysis results, mineralization and salt composition of the selected water samples from observational hydrogeological wells have been determined. The aquifer salinity map of the study area has been developed. It has been established that the sources of salinity are currently salt pits №1 and №4, and tailing storage facilities №1 and №2. There is currently no threat of salinization of Limnytsia River.
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Mapping Fire Severity over Heterogeneous Forested Landscapes in the Eastern Ukraine to Support Postfire Forest Management
Authors V. Myroniuk, S. Zibtsev, O. Soshenskyi, V. Gumeniuk, R. Vasylyshyn and D. BidolakhSummaryThis paper examines the remote sensing-based approach for mapping burned areas and tracking delayed changes in vegetation conditions after the wildfires of 2020 in the Luhansk region, Ukraine. The field-based fire severity indices (i.e., CBI and GeoCBI) collected through stratified random sampling (regarding the pre-fire land cover) were combined with Sentinel 2 data (dNBR) to map fire severity levels. The GeoCBI index performed better than the CBI in terms of combined use with satellite data. We adjusted the thresholds of dNBR values based on the GeoCBI index and classified burned areas into three levels of fire severity. Comparing the assessment of the fire severity circa 2021 versus 2020, the delayed forest dieback was identified in dry and moist conditions, while forests under wet site conditions showed certain potential for recovery. The study demonstrated a potential for the application of the results (e.g., methodology, reference data, calibrated dNBR thresholds) in a preliminary assessment of the war-caused wildfire effects on forest ecosystems and postfire forest management in the region.
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How the Russian Federation is Destroying the Hydrometeorological Service of Ukraine
Authors M. I. Kulbida, V. O. Manukalo and A. V. KutzyiSummaryInformation and forecasts provided by the Hydrometeorological Service of Ukraine to state authorities, economic sectors and population are extremely important for ensuring national security and sustainable socio-economic development of the country. In 2021, the Hydrometeorological Service celebrated 100 years since its creation and 30 years of activity in the Independent Ukraine. The process of formation and development of the Hydrometeorological Service required significant efforts. Thanks to the support of the state and the dedicated work of the team, the Hydrometeorological Service managed not only to “persist” in the adverse economic conditions, but also to ensure the development of its activities. In accordance with the agreements on cooperation, the Hydrometeorological Servicene ensured the full provision of information and forecasts to neighboring countries, including Russia and Belarus, properly provided services for international maritime traffic in the Azov-Black Sea basin, including maritime transportation of the Russian Federation. Unfortunately, the war that the Russian Federation “de facto” has been waging against Ukraine since 2014 caused huge material losses to the Hydrometeorological Service. The publication briefly presents information (as of August, 2022) about the damage suffered by the infrastructure of the Hydrometeorological Service as a result of the Russian military aggression.
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Improvement of The System of Automated Pointing of the Antenna to the Satellite
Authors V. Trysnyuk, V. Ehorov, T. Trysnyuk, V. Prystupa, Ye. Nahornyj and V. MarushchakSummaryIn the work according to the proposed scenario, the concentrations of secondary formaldehyde pollution from road transport near the main overpasses were calculated at the maximum monthly concentrations and the environmental risks to public health for the conditions of Kyiv were calculated. The results of calculations for the most polluted interchanges in Kyiv are visually presented.
An online system (web portal) of environmental analysis, created on the basis and using ArcGIS solutions (Environmental Analysis) for assessing and understanding the potential ecological risk impact on the environment and public health, taking into account the predicted indicators of formaldehyde concentrations from vehicles at the time of designing the development of city infrastructure (automobile highway), allows you to optimize the environmental impact assessment and reduce the time that needed for required to review the project by government agencies and environmental organizations.
The model creates a real-time forecast (synchronization of data on the calculation of formaldehyde concentrations) for each point (highways) of the earth, which allows you to predict future risk trends, allowing you to move from response strategy to warning strategy and make more informed decisions.
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Assessment of Aridization of Climatic Conditions on the Crimean Peninsula in Summer using Ground and Satellite Data
Authors S. Boychenko and T. KuchmaSummaryClimate vulnerability of the Crimean Peninsula is assessed based on the temperature and precipitation changes for the period 1991–2021 and satellite-derived drought index (VHI) variations for the period 2001–2021. There is an increase of temperature on average by 0.78±0.01 °C per 10 years in summer, and a slight change in precipitation in June and July (within 2±1%). While in August there is a decrease of the precipitation amount by 10–12%. According to analysed data, the most severe drought condition manifestation on the Crimean Peninsula over the last twenty years was observed in 2007, 2017, 2018 and 2020. In the central part of the Crimean peninsula, which belongs to the climatic zone of Steppe Crimea, arid conditions had the greatest manifestation and distribution (zones with extreme and severe drought conditions are observed). Minor areas in the mountainous part of the Crimea also have signs of arid conditions, but for the most part the condition of vegetation is satisfactory in this area. In percentage terms, in 2007 VHI values of extreme and severe drought occupied 57% and 20% of the peninsula’s area accordingly, as well 10% and 29% in 2017, 7% and 22% in 2018 and 11% and 26% in 2020.
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The Results of Monitoring the Vertical Land Motion at the Geodynamic Polygons of Poltava Gravimetric Observatory
Authors V. G. Pavlyk, A. M. Kutnyi, T. M. Babych and O. V. BorysyukSummaryThe results of monitoring the vertical movements of the upper layer of the ground at the geodynamic polygons of the Poltava Gravimetric Observatory in 2001–2020 are presented. The main reason for the seasonal and slow variations of the land at the polygons are seasonal and slow changes in soil moisture and the level of groundwater. The magnitudes of seasonal vertical fluctuations differ significantly in different years and can reach 20 mm. The interpretation of high-precision observations of the vertical land motion must necessarily take into account the hydrological factor.
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Application of Remote Sensing and Atmogeochemical Methods for Assessing Prospects and Effective Planning of Oil-Gas Explorations
Authors O. T. Azimov, I. D. Bagriy and V. R. DubosarskySummaryA combination of research methods was carried out within the limits of the Svistunkivsko-Chervonolutska area of the Dnieper-Donets Depression, which included thematic interpretation of remote sensing data, the mapping of near-surface thermal, emanation and atmogeochemical anomalies, laboratory chromatographic analysis of collected gas samples as well as the problem-oriented interpretation of the obtained data. The aim of the research was to predict the oil and gas potential of the area, which may be associated with structural and non-structural traps, basing on the detection of modern geodynamically active zones of discontinuous faults of increased fluid permeability. The complex of works proved its effectiveness and promptness in studying the features of geofluidodynamics of the known and predicted disjunctive structures, differentiating them into fluid-conductive, with the development of fractured and deconsolidate rocks, as well as impermeable ones. Within the study area, nine oil and gas promising sections of complex shape have been scientifically substantiated and identified. The criterion for their distinguishing was the absence of anomalous fields proved by the results of the analyses of emanation, thermometric and atmogeochemical data. In addition to the distribution of lineament fields over the area, which are provided by the interpretation of remote sensing data is taken in consideration. An appropriate schematic map of the location of promising areas has been drawn up, which can form the basis for the further searches for oil and gas deposits.
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Satellite Monitoring of the Natural and Technogenic Events on the Left-Bank Pripyat Reclamation System of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone
Authors O. Azimov, O. Tomchenko, O. Shevchenko and Ye. DorofeySummaryThe relevance of the application of a set of terrestrial hydrological, radioecological and recent remote sensing methods in the process of monitoring studies for the areas, which are inaccessible, swampy, largely radionuclide contaminated is considered in a case study of the left-bank Pripyat drainage system within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ). The latest LANDSAT-7 and WorldView-2 images enable to receive the appropriate monitoring information regarding the spatio-temporal changes in the hydrological and radio-ecological situations at the interdam section (between the “old” and “new” left bank dams) and to the northeast of it within the Pripyat system. On the whole, the slight watering and swamping were emerged here after a number of hydrotechnical measures carried out for 2001–2015 and the implementation of management decisions regarding the form of operation of the corresponding water protection complex that proves their radioecological advisability and validity. Thus, the current situation shows the relative stabilization of 90Sr concentration in the surface runoff of the studied area of the CEZ.
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The Research of Transboundary Groundwater’s Resources within the Framework of the EU-WATERRES Project
Authors T. Solovey, A. Mienasova and M. KrochakSummaryStudies were conducted as part of the EU-WATERRES (EU-integrated management system of cross-border groundwater resources and anthropogenic hazards; www.eu-waterres.eu) project, funded by the EEA and Norway Grants Fund for Regional Cooperation. The project aims to increase the capacity of public institutions to manage transboundary groundwater resources by creating an integrated information platform, introducing new data analysis tools and solutions for coordinated management and integrated groundwater protection.
As part of the assessment of the resources of transboundary groundwater reservoirs, an analysis of hydrogeological conditions in the entire border section was presented on the basis of integrated data between neighboring countries. As a result, target areas of detailed modeling studies with significant transboundary flow in usable aquifers were identified and the first conceptual hydrogeological model of TBAs was developed.
As part of the assessment of transboundary groundwater flows, the extent of the area particularly sensitive to transboundary impacts on groundwater was presented. The structure of TBAs and the spatial distribution of its basic hydrogeological parameters were visualized -the coefficient of filtration, alimentation, piezometric surfaces. The developed maps, calculation and simulation results will ultimately be used to solve problems related to the ownership, use, access and protection of transboundary groundwater resources in the pilot border areas.
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Optimization of Data Sets and Improvement of Methods for Calculating the Soil Brightness Index
Authors O. Hordiienko, O. Trofymchuk, Y. Anpilova, Y. Butenko, O. Oboznyi and P. HilmanSummaryThis paper considers the possibility and briefly describes the process of creating a soil brightness index for the territory of Italy. The difficulty of creating such datasets is that it is necessary to use the entire time series of satellite images. The soil brightness index is calculated for bare soil, the complex task of masking is described in this paper. The authors suggest how the calculations can be simplified and briefly describe the creation of the dataset.
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Monitoring of the Radioecological State of the Atmospheric Air using the Ground Survey and Multispectral Satellite Imaging Data during Wildfires
Authors O. T. Azimov, S. I. Kireev, O. V. Tomchenko and D. M. VeremenkoSummaryThe features of radionuclide redistribution in the landscape components within the Exclusion Zone of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP), caused by the wildfires are considered. The urgency of improvement for the existing structure of the fire protection monitoring within the Zone area, the need for developing and adapting the efficient method and creation of information-analytical modelling system of prediction, the revealing and controlling the wildfires using remote sensing data (RSD) are argued. The examples of realization of the methodical techniques of the spatial-temporal, radiological and ecological monitoring for the localized areas conditions within the Zone damaged by the wildfire in 2020 using the suite of ground and remote sensing data are represented. In particular, the size of the area of burned forest in the near zone of the ChNPP and the dynamics of overgrowing the corresponding area with the different types of vegetation during 2020, using the RSE data were determined. Based on the results of the ground-based automated radiation control system in the monitoring mode, the radionuclide content, i.e. 137Cs and 90Sr in the surface air layer of the Zone was determined.
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Temporal Analysis of the Long-Term Hydrogeological Monitoring Data of the Carpathian Region (Ukraine)
Authors M. Yershov, L. Davybida and L. ShtohrynSummaryThis research investigates the temporal patterns of trends in time series data of hydrogeological monitoring posts located within the Carpathian region, which is a transboundary territory of Ukraine. The temporal trends were analyzed using autocorrelation, regression and spectral analysis. The obtained temporal patterns and trends may help the water resource managers to improve the hydrogeological monitoring network in the study region.
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About Prospects of Oil and Gas Potential of the South-Eastern Part of Volyno-Podillia (Results of Interpretation Gravimetric Materials along Seismic Profiles)
Authors S. Anikeyev, B. Hablovskyi, S. Rozlovska and I. PiatkovskaSummaryThe insufficient study of Paleozoic and Mesozoic deposits in the southeast part of Volyno-Podillia plate led to the use of gravimetric data for the study of fault tectonics and the identification of promising oil and gas objects.
According to the results of seismic research, several lens-shaped objects identified with Ordovician deposits filling the depressed areas of Cambrian relief were identified on the Davideny square.
The research is based on geological-gravity modeling as a method of quantitative interpretation of the Bouguer gravity anomalies, to obtain an optimal geodensity model of the geological section. The gravity inversion solution based on regional seismic profiles is obtained on the basis of a priori models, the structure of which is the geometry of seismogeological models and is consistent with gravity field anomalies using simple matching methods.
Density models built as a result of geological and gravimetric modeling on profiles R-5 and R-10 confirm the possibility of filling paleovalleys with Ordovician terrigenous sediments on the erosional surface of the paleo-relief.
Therefore, prospects of traditional oil and gas prospects of the structural type can be associated with Ordovician and Cambrian deposits. It is assumed that oil and gas objects are also present in the raised areas of Paleozoic strata in the southeastern part of Volyno-Podillia.
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Dynamics of the Content of Mobile Forms of Zinc on Agricultural Lands of the Poltava Region (Ukraine)
By S. P. LashkoSummaryCartograms and diagrams of the content of mobile forms of zinc on agricultural lands of the Poltava region (Ukraine), as well as the dynamics of this indicator in short-term and long-term retrospectives (8–10 rounds of agrochemical survey) were constructed and analyzed. The analysis was carried out taking into account the so-called “control-dynamic (insignificant) deviation” values of ± 0.10 mg/kg of soil, which is not taken into account. Six districts of the region were identified, which are characterized by a stable tendency to decrease the content of mobile forms of zinc in the soil in the long-term retrospective (Lohvytsia, Hadiach, Kotelva, Novi Sanzhary, Semenivka, Velyka Bahachka districts). According to the indicator of the deficiency of mobile forms of zinc (mainly 63.8–78.8%), the state of agricultural lands of the Poltava region is determined to be critically low.
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Determination of Physicochemical Indicators Background Concentrations and Development of Type-Specific Classification Tables for Surface Water Bodies
Authors N. M. Osadcha, O. O. Ukhan, Yu. A. Luzovitska, L. A. Kovalchuck and D. O. KlebanovSummaryIntensive economic activity in river basins leads to significant pollution and deterioration of water quality. Ecological water management strategy aims at achieving the Water Framework Directive (WFD, EC, 2000) “Good” ecological status/potential of all water bodies based on biological, hydromorphological, chemical, and physicochemical quality elements.
Each country towards the main goal of water management is required to establish national standards for chemical, and physicochemical quality elements that would be support a “Good” ecological status.
Two commonly used approaches have been proposed to derive physicochemical criteria:
- percentile analysis;
- pressure-response relationships.
The first is insufficiently rigorous and the second requires a long field survey investigation.
Surface water monitoring correspond to the requirements of the WFD has begun in Ukraine 2 years ago. It was necessary to establish national target limits for the first assessing the water bodies ecological status. Our work aimed at the establishing background concentrations of physicochemical and basin specific indicators and the development of classification tables for each type of surface water bodies. Two different methods were proposed. The first used the target curve of water flow availability and the second concerned the deconvolution of actual concentration into natural and anthropogenic component based on the theory of random processes.
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To the Assessment Reference Seismic Models of the Earth from the Perspective of the Gravity Field
Authors P. Pigulevskyy and L. ShumlianskaSummaryObtained the basic gravitational effect from the Earth’s crust, upper and lower mantle for our further calculations, and fixed the gravity value for the core at 367,108 mGal, which is 614,550.94 mGal. The observed gravitational field from the Earth’s crust and upper mantle ultimately amounts to 171479.84 mGal. This value is proposed to be used as a reference level (“unique” conditional level) for calculation fields when the tectonics of the Earth’s crust and the upper mantle of the geostructures of Ukraine are studied.
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Consideration of Environmental Risks in Nature Management Projects
Authors L. R. Volk, N. A. Frolenkova, A. M. Rokochinskiy and P. P. VolkSummarySolving the problem of global climate change requires the development and implementation of adaptation strategies. These strategies will be able to increase productivity, efficiency, and profitability, primarily of agricultural production as an important component of nature management. Taking into account the specific features of the implementation of projects in the fields of nature management, the concept of environmental risk has become extremely popular at the current stage. Based on the analysis of the content of various types of environmental risk, it is substantiated that the weather-climatic risk is decisive at the stage of planning project decisions. Because meteorological conditions determine the results of economic activity within the project. The economic content of such a risk reflects the absolute or relative deviation of the actual effect according to the design decision variant from the potentially possible value, as a result of the discrepancy between real meteorological conditions and optimal conditions. The proposed approaches were tested during the planning of the project for the reconstruction of the reclamation system in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine.
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About Search for Sources of Drinking Water on Zmeinyy Island
Authors V. Svistun and P. PigulevskiySummaryCurrently, active hostilities related to Russian aggression are taking place on the territory of Ukraine. The Zmeinyy Island, which has the great importance for the maritime economic zone of Ukraine, is no exception. The island is located 40 km east of the mouth of the river. Danube. In connection with its demilitarization and economic restoration, the problem of household and drinking water supply will become acute. Therefore, the search for drinking groundwater and the drilling of exploration and production boreholes will be a very important issue. Our report briefly reviews the results of complex geological and geophysical studies carried out by the Dnepropetrovsk geophysical expedition “Dneprogeofizika” on the island in 2002.
Detailed integrated geophysical surveys to study the geological and hydrogeological structure of the island Zmeinyy included: gravimetric observations on a network of 20 x 10 m, magnetometric - 10 x 5 m and electrometric (DUS-IP) - 40 x 5 m. According to the results of geological and geophysical studies, the presence of three water-bearing strata in the depth intervals was established: 38.0 – 54.6 m; 57.6 – 74.0 m; 80.8 – 109.4 g. Drilled three wells No. 1; 2; 4 have a fresh water flow rate of up to 10 m3 per day each. For the physical and chemical control of the selected water samples, the wells were equipped with special autonomous sensors, which showed that the breach of the natural regime of the island’s groundwater occurs during the constant exploitation of well No. 2. An analysis of the initial data of daily observations of the dynamic and physicochemical parameters of groundwater indicates that the anthropogenic factor makes a significant contribution to the formation of the hydrodynamic, temperature, and hydrochemical regimes of the island.
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Geophysical and Geotechnical Assessment of the Landslide Hazard on the Northern Slope of Starokyivska Hora in Kyiv
Authors O. Ivanik, K. Hadiatska, D. Bozhezha, R. Khomenko, V. Shevchuk and K. BondarSummaryGeological and geoelectrical and ground-penetrating radar studies were carried out on the northern slope of Starokyivska Hora in Kyiv, aside the building of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine. Deterministic modeling has been used to calculate the stability of the slope. The instability is indicated by the presence of cracks on the facade of the Museum`s building, the presence of puncture cracks within the slope according to the ERT results, and the calculated critical value of the factor of safety (FoS = 0.989) - under conditions of significant water saturation of the loess-like sandy loam horizon, on which the foundation of the Museum is actually laid. Such conditions may occur due to leakage from water supply and drain network of the Museum.
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Geoinformation Technology of Temperature Mapping of Dumps based on Remote Sensing of the Earth
Authors A. Andreiev, O. Azimov, O. Shevchuk and O. TomchenkoSummaryOn an example of the Zdolbuniv municipal solid waste dump (the Rivne region, Ukraine) shows the informativeness of using the proposed methodology for monitoring the temperature regimes of waste disposal facilities. The capabilities of the Google Earth Engine web platform were used, and the developed fire monitoring algorithm was implemented based on the use of a set of images from the Landsat-8 spacecraft. The values of the temperature of the earth’s surface were calculated based on the data of the thermal channel Thermal Infrared (TIRS) 1, 10.6–11.19 μm. In the research area, four different types of objects on the earth’s surface were studied: a landfill and a quarry of construction materials located nearby, a forest massif and agricultural land. It was established that during 2013–2022, as of specific calendar dates, no significant temperature anomalies were recorded both at the landfill and at other objects adjacent to it. The maximum surface temperature at one of the sites of the landfill was found as of August 6, 2017, which reached a value of 38.1°C. Therefore, no significant fires due to spontaneous combustion of garbage at the Zdolbuniv facility, which would have occurred for a long time (several days) according to the data of space photography, have been recorded.
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Implementation of the System of Environmental Monitoring of Dumps by using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
By O. ShevchukSummaryThe application of remote methods of studying the state of solid waste dumps is an effective tool for their monitoring. Using the example of the Zdolbunivsky solid waste dump, the informativeness of deciphering its maps and adjacent areas based on UAV shooting data is shown. The method of obtaining aerial photographs and their subsequent processing by means of photogrammetry is the most effective way of obtaining geospatial information. Its main advantage is the minimization of fieldwork and the speed of obtaining information.
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The Anthropogenic Factors Influence on the Water Balance of the Udy Catchments (The Siverskyi Donets Sub-Basin)
Authors H. Bolbot, O. Lukianets, V. Grebin and O. LobodzinskyiSummaryTaking into account both global climate change and the level of anthropogenic load, the annual dynamics of the water balance elements of the Udy River Basin (Siverskyi Donets River Basin) were evaluated. Using Konstantinov’s method, the amount of evapotranspiration for two defined periods (1961–1990 and 1991–2020) was calculated for the two invedtigated catchments of the Udy River, which are closed by two hydrological gauges – Peresichne and Bezliudivka. According to this, the water balance closure errors were calculated and it was established that the calculations are representative. The average annual temperature of the Udy River Basin increased by 1,2° C between the periods. The annual precipitation increased insignificantly, but there was a redistribution of it during the year. The amount of evapotranspiration has increased in the present period. Global climate change led to the fact that the average annual river runoff decreased and the most significant decrease in the annual distribution was the spring flood. Differences in the distribution of hydrometeorological characteristics for the catchments with different degrees of anthropogenic load were revealed. Using the water balance method, the impact of economic activity on the river basin runoff and water balance elements redistribution was assessed. The impact of anthropogenic factors on the Udy River catchments water balance was analyzed.
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Materials of Remote Sensing of the Earth in Solution of Environmental Problems of Deforestation of the Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors O. V. Kysil, T. M. Kurach, V. I. Ostroukh and I. O. PidlisetskaSummaryThe methods of satellite imagery for observation and study of the territory, the method of identification of forest massifs in spaceborne photography, and ecological problems due to deforestation are considered. The results of deforestation of the territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians are visualized for different dates. Vegetation indices (NDVI) were calculated. An animation sequence was created for a selected area of the forest of the Ukrainian Carpathians from 2017 to 2022.
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Risks Caused by Abandoned Mining Facilities in the Context of Environmental Surface Water Assessment by the Example of the Basin Mining Area
By S. KosharnaSummaryAcid mine drainage is one of the reasons of significant changes in the levels of saline, specific, ecological and sanitary indicators of surface water bodies, their extent of acidity, active degradation of surrounding vegetation and development of erosion processes. The permanent ecosystem’s imbalance, in particular of the water one, as well as the need for regular budget allocations to prevent an increase of environmental risks demonstrates the imperfection of existing system of post-mining territories’ restoration measures implementation. Based on the analysis of monitoring data for the recent years, a conceptual risk model regarding investigated natural-technogenic interactions was created; temporal changes in the quality characteristics of surface waters, which are in direct contact with abandoned mines were updated; the absence (at the current stage) of a sufficient level of effectiveness of taken measures, for territory’s full rehabilitation was proved. On the basis of the obtained results, a theory regarding the complex approach use with the main focus not only on the reduction of pollution volumes, but also the restoration of assimilative capacity of the territory, which was disturbed during the mining facilities’ operation was suggested.
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Evolution of Chemical and Mineral Composition and Adsorption Capacity of Natural Bentonites in the Course of Simultaneous Ozonation of the Bentonite and Drain Water from Nuclear Power Plants
Authors B. Shabalin, K. Yaroshenko, O. Lavrynenko and N. MitsiukSummaryA combined process of oxidative decomposition of organic components of a simulated nuclear power plant (NPP) drain water solution and adsorption of main dose-forming radionuclide imitators on natural Cherkasy bentonites in presence of sorption-reagent compounds – iron (II) and manganese (II) salts has been studied. The chemical composition of the main elements of bentonite after its simultaneous ozonation with the simulated NPP drain water solution and iron and manganese salts additives has not changed considerably. Though playing an accessory role in the sorption processes, iron (II) and manganese (II) salts can block active sorption centres of bentonite at high concentrations.
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