17th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment

The leading role of soils in carbon sequestration is undeniable, wherein sequestration occurs most intensively in soils that have lost a large amount of carbon during degradation processes. At the same time, the issue of separation of eroded soils and sloping soils is important for Ukraine because sloping soils have different accumulation potential of soil organic carbon (SOC). The potential for carbon sequestration (CSP) by soils is proposed to be estimated by the difference between the potential content of SOC for specific landscape conditions and the content of SOC at the time of assessment. The research was carried out at a polygon located in the Kharkiv region. On the polygon 57 soil samples were taken on a grid with a step of 100 m. All samples were determined SOC. al. The actual SOC map was obtained by using the geoformula transformation of space images from the Sentinel 2A satellite. The potential SOC content map was obtained by using the technique of geoinformation analysis of the relief proposed by the authors. As a result of the algebraic subtraction of these two maps, the map of the CSP was obtained. Analysis of this map shows that although the weighted average CSP for experimental sites is 36,1 t/ha, the CSR values vary over a wide range from 11,3 to 64,4 t/ha. Thus, for the correct estimation of soil CPS, it is strongly recommended to take into account the spatial heterogeneity of soil formation conditions.

The publication is devoted to the study of groundwaters in the Saksagansk-Sursk ore district of the Dnipropetrovsk region, which are used to ensure the economic and drinking needs of the local population. The chemical composition of underground waters was studied, an assessment of their quality and suitability for potable use was made, the range of risks for the health of local residents-consumers of water was outlined, and the rationale for possible reasons for changes in their chemical composition during 42 years of operation (from 1978 to 2020) was provided. During the research, the authors found signs of metamorphization of the chemical composition of groundwater. A preliminary conclusion was obtained that the ecological-hydrogeochemical conditions of the studied groundwater are primarily determined by: insignificant occurrences of water-bearing rocks (up to their emergence to the surface), close hydraulic connection with surface waters and adjacent aquifers, weak protection against surface pollution due to the lack of regionally sustained confining bed in its roof, the chemical composition of water-bearing rocks, as well as the tectonic conditions of the territory.

The model results concerning monitoring of geoecological situation in land use was matched and compared for selected megaregion of Ukraine and the whole Germany. The geoecological situation in 3 Ukrainian physic-geographic sub-regions is unfavorable, in 10 – excessively unfavorable, and in 12 – catastrophic. Relating the Ukrainian physic-geographic districts, this situation is excessively favorable in only one of them (1%), It is favorable in 5 districts (4%), moderately unfavorable in 8 (6%) and unfavorable in 12 (9%). Instead in 48 (37%) districts the geosituation was identified as excessively unfavorable, and in 56 (43%) – at all catastrophic. In 6 states of Germany geosituation in land use is unfavorable, in 8 – excessively unfavorable, and in 2 – catastrophic. This situation varies in German districts from very favorable (1 district) through favorable (13 or 3% of districts), moderately unfavorable (36 or 9%), unfavorable (89 or 22%) and extremely unfavorable (232 or 58%) to catastrophic (31 or 8%). Monitoring-analogous comparison of obtained model parameters regarding geosituation for the selected megaregion in Ukraine with adequate representative results for Germany indicated their coincidence by content. All this verifies the objectivity and interoperability of the proposed tools for model assessment of the geosituation and implementation validity of such tools.

The article presents a number of analytical conclusions that allow recalculating the quality indicators of coals of the studied coal seams to a state close to the condition of mining operations, taking into account the actual ash output and total moisture. It was possible to study the ratio of the key components of the organic mass and mineral impurities, including moisture. The use of a tool for statistical processing of data obtained experimentally for the considered coal layers made it possible to determine the probable range of oxygen indicators for the working state of the fuel. The selected methods made it possible to improve the accuracy of determining the oxygen content under conditions close to those of coal mines. In turn, the ratio of oxygen with the rest of the main components of the organic mass allows us to estimate the reduction parameter, which characterizes the rate of volatile matter yield for assessing the metamorphic transformations of coal seams and is used in regulatory documents. The results obtained make it possible to prepare proposals for improving the information content of the regulatory framework in terms of predicting the hazardous properties of coal seams during mining operations

The purpose of this study was to examine the main xenobiotics that can be included in ammunition and military explosives, indicating their main uses and applications in the armed forces, their probability of getting into the environment, the most common toxic consequences for human health and the environment, as well as possibility of recovery Heavy metals that have entered the ecosystem can form poorly soluble hydroxides. In addition, in the soil solution there is a possibility of the formation of hydroxocomplexes of heavy metals with an unequal number of hydroxide ions. The range of precipitation of hydroxide compounds and the area of predominance of soluble forms of hydroxocomplexes were investigated using the construction of logarithmic concentration diagram. In the acidic soil environment, the solution contains ions Mez+ or particles of the type [Me (OZ)(z-1)+], in the alkaline region - [Me(OZ)nz-n]. In acidic soils (4,5

On the base of combined finite element - difference method, we carried out computer modeling of the gas recovery increasing process between producing wells in anisotropic low permeable gas reservoirs. The modeling results show that the growth of reservoir’s gas recovery between production wells and, accordingly, the increase of gas production significantly depends on their location, both in the shear-isotropic, so in the shear-anisotropic gas-bearing weakly permeable reservoirs. Based on the obtained results, for the effective using of the weakly permeable anisotropic gas-bearing reservoirs, it is necessary to install production wells along the main axes of anisotropy of the reservoir, because it improves the direct exchange between wells and filtration flows. We have defined, at the installation systems of production wells in the weakly permeable anisotropic reservoirs, gas production will be most effective when the strip of wells has freer access to the direction of increased permeability of the gas phase. We also have shown that with the cross-shaped arrangement of the production wells relatively the main axes of anisotropy, the gas exchange between the production wells is the largest for all cases of the anisotropy, so such installation of production wells will be the optimal.

This article discusses the assessment of accidental penetration of petroleum products into the geological environment geological environment during military actions and provides scientific justification for minimizing the negative changes caused by such incidents. The focus is on applying modern methods and technologies to model and evaluate the extent of the penetration, as well as to analyze the migration and dispersion of the petroleum products. By conducting field monitoring and permeability filtration works, the engineering-geological and hydrodynamic characteristics of the affected area are assessed. Furthermore, existing models of migration and dispersion of petroleum products are analyzed. This helps in understanding the conditions of surface runoff in neighboring territories and the areas of the petroleum depot. The article also explores the calculation of the extent of contamination and identifies methods to minimize the negative environmental impact. The implementation of the recommended measures has allowed for the reduction of the negative impact on the environment.

The problem of increasing landfills in the country is the most urgent. Each person throws out up to 2–3 kg of garbage per day. There are currently 3 waste incineration plants operating in the country. But they burn only 20–30% of waste. Therefore, their territories are constantly growing in each region. At landfills, waste seeps into the soil and groundwater or other water resources. After some time, organic waste begins to decompose when accumulated in landfills and biogas is released into the atmosphere. But there is an opportunity to make the territory of the country ecologically clean by developing a waste disposal project based on the technology of aerosol nanocatalysis with energy production. This technology has shown itself well during the complete combustion of waste from various chemical, polymer profile and other enterprises. As a result, we got gases coming out of the reactor with concentrations at the level of the MPC of the working zone. On average, each person throws out up to 1000 kg of waste per year. Most of them go to landfills. If they are converted into electricity, it will be possible to save up to UAH 1.5 million per year.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cultural ecosystem services of the Kremenetski Hory National Nature Park (NNP) and to substantiate the feasibility of changing the spatial distribution of functional zones of its territory. The Travel Cost Method was used to assess the tourist and recreational value, while the Conditional Value Method was used to assess the aesthetic heritage value. The flaws revealed during the research prompted some improvements to the existing calculation methodology. The calculated value of tourist and recreational ecosystem services of the Kremenetski Hory NNP amounts to $721,217.32 per year. The value of the Park’s aesthetic heritage is $156,713.89 per year. The obtained results indicate a sufficiently high quality of cultural ecosystem services provided by the National Park, therefore such assessment should be conducted regularly for the purposes of their monitoring. Numerous environmental conflicts were identified within the studied protected area, the majority of which are a consequence of imperfectly defined functional zones. Improving the functional zoning of the Kremenetski Hory NNP in accordance with our proposed scheme will contribute to minimizing environmental conflicts and preventing further degradation of the ecosystem services within the studied area. The assessment of ecosystem services aims to persuade society of the necessity to preserve ecosystems in order to continue obtaining essential benefits (services) from them.